CN113917520A - Tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device and method - Google Patents

Tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113917520A
CN113917520A CN202111232752.7A CN202111232752A CN113917520A CN 113917520 A CN113917520 A CN 113917520A CN 202111232752 A CN202111232752 A CN 202111232752A CN 113917520 A CN113917520 A CN 113917520A
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sampling
tritium
carbon
sampling tube
chimney
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陈亚民
游兆金
秦建华
刘祖洁
韩玉刚
王慧波
谷丽娜
林贤委
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CNNC Nuclear Power Operation Management Co Ltd
Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Co Ltd
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CNNC Nuclear Power Operation Management Co Ltd
Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T7/00—Details of radiation-measuring instruments
    • G01T7/02—Collecting means for receiving or storing samples to be investigated and possibly directly transporting the samples to the measuring arrangement; particularly for investigating radioactive fluids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
    • G01T1/204—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being a liquid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
    • G01T1/204—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being a liquid
    • G01T1/2042—Composition for liquid scintillation systems
    • G01T1/2047—Sample preparation

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention particularly relates to a tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device and a method, wherein the device comprises a high-temperature oxidation furnace, an absorption device, a filter and a power device; the high-temperature oxidation furnace is connected with a pipeline of a chimney outlet of the nuclear power plant; the high-temperature oxidation furnace, the sampling device, the filter and the power device are sequentially connected through pipelines, and the power device is connected with a pipeline of a nuclear power plant chimney radiation gaseous effluent sampling system. The method comprises the following steps: after the chimney gas sequentially passes through the high-temperature oxidation furnace, the sampling device, the filter and the power device, the chimney gas is discharged to a nuclear power plant chimney radiated gaseous effluent sampling system through the power device, tritium and carbon-14 in the sampling device are measured by adopting a double-label liquid flash analysis method, and combined sampling of total tritium and total carbon-14 required by regulations in the gaseous effluent is realized. The tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device and the method realize the simultaneous combined sampling and analysis of tritium and carbon-14 in gaseous effluents on one device.

Description

Tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radioactive effluent detection, in particular to a tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device and method.
Background
According to the regulations of section 8.2.2 of the nuclear power plant environmental radiation protection, the monitoring items of the airborne radioactive effluent comprise inert gas, iodine, particles (the half-life period is more than or equal to 8d), carbon-14 and total tritium (including tritium in inorganic matters and organic matters carried in the chimney gaseous effluent). The sampling of tritium and carbon-14 discharged from the radioactive gaseous effluent of the nuclear power plant at home generally adopts a method of bubbling demineralized water and sodium hydroxide solution, which has high sampling efficiency and convenient sample preparation and measurement, wherein the tritium sampling and the carbon-14 sampling are arranged on two independent sampling devices, each device is provided with four sampling bottles connected in series, a sample firstly passes through the first two sampling bottles and then enters a high-temperature oxidation furnace to convert organic carbon and organic tritium in the effluent into an inorganic state form so as to be absorbed by the demineralized water and alkali liquor, and then enters the second two sampling bottles. When tritium is sampled, demineralized water is filled into four sampling bottles, wherein the first two bottles absorb inorganic tritium, an oxidation furnace is arranged at the front end of the third four bottles to oxidize organic tritium and then absorb the organic tritium, the four sampling bottles are mixed to prepare a sample during sample preparation, and a liquid flash single-label analysis method is adopted for sample analysis; when carbon-14 is sampled, NaOH solution is filled into four sampling bottles, wherein the first two bottles absorb inorganic carbon-14, the front end of the third four bottles is provided with an oxidation furnace to oxidize organic carbon-14 and then absorb the organic carbon-14, the four sampling bottles are mixed for sample preparation during sample preparation, and the sample analysis also adopts a liquid flash single-mark analysis method; the tritium and carbon-14 separate sampling mode has the defects of large initial investment, more occupied plant space, large workload of crystallization, operation and maintenance of sodium carbonate in an oxidation furnace and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device and method for solving the problems of large initial investment, large occupied plant space and large workload of crystallization and operation and maintenance of sodium carbonate in an oxidation furnace in a sampling mode of separately separating tritium and carbon-14, which exist in a chimney radioactive gaseous effluent of a nuclear power plant, so as to realize the simultaneous combined sampling and analysis of tritium and carbon-14, which are gaseous effluents, on one device.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device comprises a high-temperature oxidation furnace, an absorption device, a filter and a power device;
the high-temperature oxidation furnace is connected with a pipeline of a chimney outlet of the nuclear power plant; the high-temperature oxidation furnace, the sampling device, the filter and the power device are sequentially connected through pipelines, and the power device is connected with a pipeline of a nuclear power plant chimney radiation gaseous effluent sampling system.
The working principle is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of sequentially passing chimney gas through a high-temperature oxidation furnace, an absorption device and a filter, finally discharging the chimney gas to a nuclear power plant chimney radiated gaseous effluent sampling system through a power device, and measuring tritium and carbon-14 in the sampling device by adopting a double-labeled liquid flash analysis method to realize tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling.
Further, the absorption device comprises a desalted water sampling tube, a first alkali solution sampling tube, a second alkali solution sampling tube and a allochroic silica gel sampling tube, wherein the desalted water sampling tube is internally provided with desalted water, the first alkali solution sampling tube is internally provided with alkali absorption liquid, the second alkali solution sampling tube is internally provided with alkali absorption liquid, the allochroic silica gel sampling tube is internally provided with allochroic silica gel, the desalted water sampling tube, the first alkali solution sampling tube, the second alkali solution sampling tube and the allochroic silica gel sampling tube are sequentially connected in series, the desalted water sampling tube is connected with a high-temperature oxidation furnace pipeline, and the allochroic silica gel sampling tube is connected with a filter pipeline.
The chimney gas firstly passes through a high-temperature oxidation furnace, then passes through a desalted water sampling tube, a first alkali solution sampling tube, a second alkali solution sampling tube and a color-changing tubeSilica gel sampling tube. The desalted water sampling tube is filled with desalted water for absorbing tritium in the stack gas, and the tritium in the desalted water is measured by adopting a single-label liquid flash analysis method. NaOH alkali absorption liquid is filled in the first alkali solution sampling tube and the second alkali solution sampling tube and is used for absorbing the gas in the chimney14CO2And tritium which is not completely absorbed by the desalted water sampling tube, and measuring tritium and carbon-14 in the alkali absorption liquid of the first alkali solution sampling tube and the second alkali solution sampling tube by using a double-labeling liquid flash analysis method. The color-changing silica gel sampling tube is internally provided with color-changing silica gel for absorbing redundant water vapor and protecting subsequent devices such as a flowmeter, an electromagnetic valve and the like. Wherein carbon dioxide in the demineralized water sampling tube is negligible, thus achieving the combined sampling of total tritium and total carbon-14 required by legislation in the gaseous effluent.
Further, the demineralized water sampling pipe is connected with the high-temperature oxidation furnace through a cooling pipe.
Further, the alkali absorption liquid is NaOH alkali absorption liquid.
Furthermore, an isolation valve A is arranged on a pipeline connecting the high-temperature oxidation furnace and the exhaust port of the nuclear power plant chimney.
Furthermore, a vacuum sensor and a mass flow meter are sequentially arranged on a pipeline connected with the filter and the power device.
Furthermore, the power device is two sampling pumps connected in parallel, each sampling pump is connected with a pipeline of the nuclear power plant chimney radiated gaseous effluent sampling system, and a check valve is arranged on a pipeline of each sampling pump connected with the nuclear power plant chimney radiated gaseous effluent sampling system.
Furthermore, an isolation valve B is arranged on a pipeline connecting the parallel outlet of the sampling pump with the nuclear power plant chimney radiated gaseous effluent sampling system.
A tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling method comprises the following steps: after the chimney gas sequentially passes through the high-temperature oxidation furnace, the sampling device, the filter and the power device, the chimney gas is discharged to a nuclear power plant chimney radiated gaseous effluent sampling system through the power device, tritium and carbon-14 in the sampling device are measured by adopting a double-label liquid flash analysis method, and combined sampling of total tritium and total carbon-14 required by regulations in the gaseous effluent is realized.
Further, the tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that chimney gas firstly passes through a high-temperature oxidation furnace, then passes through a desalted water sampling tube, a first alkali solution sampling tube, a second alkali solution sampling tube, a allochroic silica gel sampling tube and a filter, and finally is discharged to a nuclear power plant chimney radiated gaseous effluent sampling system through a power device;
absorbing tritium in the stack gas by desalted water in a desalted water sampling tube, and measuring the tritium in the desalted water by adopting a single-label liquid flash analysis method; absorbing the flue gas by the alkali absorption liquid in the first alkali solution sampling tube and the second alkali solution sampling tube14CO2And tritium which is not completely absorbed by the desalted water, and measuring tritium and carbon-14 in the alkali absorption liquid of the first alkali solution sampling tube and the second alkali solution sampling tube by adopting a double-labeling liquid flash analysis method;
the allochroic silica gel in the allochroic silica gel sampling tube absorbs redundant water vapor to protect subsequent devices such as a flowmeter, an electromagnetic valve and the like;
carbon dioxide in the desalted water sampling tube is ignored, and the combined sampling of total tritium and total carbon-14 required by the regulations in the gaseous effluent is realized.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device and method provided by the invention can be used for sampling tritium and carbon-14 in chimney effluent by only one set of equipment, and are simple in device, low in maintenance and operation cost, reasonable in method design, high in repeatability and accuracy of analysis results, and suitable for sampling and monitoring tritium and carbon-14 in gaseous effluent in a nuclear power plant or nuclear facility. Proved by verification, the tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device and method have the advantages that the collection efficiency of tritium and carbon-14 in gaseous effluent is more than 99.76%, and the application and popularization values are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the tritium and carbon-14 combination sampling apparatus of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, an isolation valve A; 2. a high temperature oxidation furnace; 3. a cooling tube; 4. a demineralized water sampling tube; 5. a first aqueous alkali sampling tube; 6. a second alkali solution sampling tube; 7. a color-changing silica gel sampling tube; 8. a filter; 9. a vacuum sensor; 10. a mass flow meter; 11. a sampling pump; 12. a check valve; 13 isolating valve B.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device, which comprises a high-temperature oxidation furnace 2, an absorption device, a filter 4 and a power device; the high-temperature oxidation furnace 2 is connected with a chimney exhaust port pipeline of a nuclear power plant; the high-temperature oxidation furnace 2, the sampling device, the filter 8 and the power device are sequentially connected through pipelines, and the power device is connected with a pipeline of a nuclear power plant chimney radiation gaseous effluent sampling system.
The absorption device comprises a desalted water sampling tube 4 internally provided with desalted water, a first alkali solution sampling tube 5 internally provided with alkali absorption liquid, a second alkali solution sampling tube 6 internally provided with alkali absorption liquid and a allochroic silica gel sampling tube 7 internally provided with allochroic silica gel, wherein the desalted water sampling tube 4, the first alkali solution sampling tube 5, the second alkali solution sampling tube 6 and the allochroic silica gel sampling tube 7 are sequentially connected in series, the desalted water sampling tube 4 is connected with a high-temperature oxidation furnace 2 through a pipeline, and the allochroic silica gel sampling tube 7 is connected with a filter 4 through a pipeline.
The chimney gas firstly passes through a high-temperature oxidation furnace 2, and then passes through a desalted water sampling tube 4, a first alkali solution sampling tube 5, a second alkali solution sampling tube 6 and a allochroic silica gel sampling tube 7. The desalted water sampling tube 4 is filled with desalted water for absorbing tritium in the stack gas, and the tritium in the desalted water is measured by adopting a single-label liquid flash analysis method. NaOH alkali absorption liquid is filled in the first alkali solution sampling pipe 5 and the second alkali solution sampling pipe 6 and is used for absorbing the gas in the chimney14CO2And tritium which is not completely absorbed by the demineralized water sampling tube 4, tritium and carbon-14 in the alkali absorption liquid of the first alkali solution sampling tube 5 and the second alkali solution sampling tube 6 were measured by a double-labeled liquid flash analysis method. The color-changing silica gel sampling tube 7 is filled with color-changing silica gel for absorbing redundant water vapor and protecting subsequent devices such as a flowmeter, an electromagnetic valve and the like. Wherein the carbon dioxide in the demineralized water sampling tube 4 is negligible, thus achieving the combined sampling of total tritium and total carbon-14 required by legislation in the gaseous effluent.
The desalted water sampling tube 4 is connected with the high-temperature oxidation furnace 2 through the cooling tube 3.
The alkali absorption liquid is NaOH alkali absorption liquid.
And an isolating valve A1 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the high-temperature oxidation furnace 2 and a chimney exhaust port of the nuclear power plant.
And a vacuum sensor 9 and a mass flowmeter 10 are sequentially arranged on a pipeline connecting the filter 8 and the power device.
The power device is two sampling pumps 11 connected in parallel, each sampling pump 11 is connected with a nuclear power plant chimney radiated gaseous effluent sampling system through a pipeline, and a check valve 12 is arranged on a pipeline connecting each sampling pump 11 with the nuclear power plant chimney radiated gaseous effluent sampling system.
And an isolation valve B13 is arranged on a pipeline of a parallel outlet of the sampling pump 11 connected with a nuclear power plant chimney radiated gaseous effluent sampling system.
The tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device is used for carrying out tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that chimney gas firstly passes through a high-temperature oxidation furnace 2, then passes through a desalted water sampling tube 4, a first alkali solution sampling tube 5, a second alkali solution sampling tube 6, a allochroic silica gel sampling tube 7 and a filter 8, and finally is discharged to a nuclear power plant chimney radiated gaseous effluent sampling system through a power device;
absorbing tritium in the stack gas by the desalted water in the desalted water sampling tube 4, and measuring the tritium in the desalted water by adopting a single-label liquid flash analysis method; the alkali absorption liquid in the first alkali solution sampling pipe 5 and the second alkali solution sampling pipe 6 absorbs the gas in the chimney14CO2And tritium which is not completely absorbed by the desalted water, and measuring tritium and carbon-14 in the alkali absorption liquid of the first alkali solution sampling tube 5 and the second alkali solution sampling tube 6 by adopting a double-labeling liquid flash analysis method;
the allochroic silica gel in the allochroic silica gel sampling tube 7 absorbs redundant water vapor to protect subsequent devices such as a flowmeter, an electromagnetic valve and the like;
carbon dioxide in the demineralized water sampling tube 4 is ignored, and the combined sampling of total tritium and total carbon-14 required by regulations in the gaseous effluent is realized.
The tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling method for the gaseous effluent of the nuclear power plant can realize sampling, analysis and measurement of total tritium and total carbon in gas by only one gas sampling device with a high-temperature oxidation device and four sampling bottles connected in series.
The tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device and method have the advantages of relatively low investment price of primary equipment, small occupied plant space, no crystallization problem of sodium carbonate in an oxidation furnace, small operation and maintenance workload, convenient sampling operation, simple and convenient sample preparation, accurate analysis data and the like; the method is suitable for sampling chimney effluents of all nuclear power plants or chimney effluents of other nuclear facilities, and has wide expected market prospect and occupation rate.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device is characterized by comprising a high-temperature oxidation furnace (2), an absorption device, a filter (4) and a power device; the high-temperature oxidation furnace (2) is connected with a chimney exhaust port pipeline of the nuclear power plant; the high-temperature oxidation furnace (2), the sampling device, the filter (8) and the power device are sequentially connected through pipelines, and the power device is connected with a pipeline of a nuclear power plant chimney radiation gaseous effluent sampling system.
2. The tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device according to claim 1, wherein the absorption device comprises a desalted water sampling tube (4) filled with desalted water inside, a first alkali solution sampling tube (5) filled with alkali absorption liquid inside, a second alkali solution sampling tube (6) filled with alkali absorption liquid inside and a allochroic silica gel sampling tube (7) filled with allochroic silica gel inside, the desalted water sampling tube (4), the first alkali solution sampling tube (5), the second alkali solution sampling tube (6) and the allochroic silica gel sampling tube (7) are sequentially connected in series, the desalted water sampling tube (4) is connected with a high-temperature oxidation furnace (2) through a pipeline, and the allochroic silica gel sampling tube (7) is connected with a filter (4) through a pipeline.
3. Tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device according to claim 2, characterized in that the demineralized water sampling tube (4) is connected to the high temperature oxidation furnace (2) through a cooling tube (3).
4. A tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device according to claim 2, characterized in that the alkali absorption liquid is NaOH alkali absorption liquid.
5. Tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device according to claim 2, characterized in that the pipeline connecting the high temperature oxidation furnace (2) and the nuclear power plant chimney exhaust is provided with an isolation valve A (1).
6. Tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device according to claim 2, characterized in that the vacuum sensor (9) and the mass flow meter (10) are arranged in sequence on the pipeline connecting the filter (8) and the power plant.
7. Tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device according to claim 2 characterized in that the power plant is two sampling pumps (11) in parallel, each sampling pump (11) is connected with nuclear power plant chimney radiated gaseous effluent sampling system pipeline, and each sampling pump (11) is provided with a check valve (12) on the pipeline connected with nuclear power plant chimney radiated gaseous effluent sampling system.
8. Tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device according to claim 2, characterized in that the pipeline connecting the parallel outlet of the sampling pump (11) with the nuclear power plant chimney emission gaseous effluent sampling system is provided with an isolation valve B (13).
9. A tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling method, which uses the tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device of any one of claims 1 to 8, and comprises the following steps: after the chimney gas sequentially passes through the high-temperature oxidation furnace (2), the sampling device, the filter (8) and the power device, the chimney gas is discharged to a sampling system of the nuclear power plant chimney radiated gaseous effluent through the power device, tritium and carbon-14 in the sampling device are measured by adopting a double-label liquid flash analysis method, and the combined sampling of total tritium and total carbon-14 required by regulations in the gaseous effluent is realized.
10. A tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling method, which uses the tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device of any one of claims 2 to 8, and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that chimney gas firstly passes through a high-temperature oxidation furnace (2), then passes through a desalted water sampling tube (4), a first alkali solution sampling tube (5), a second alkali solution sampling tube (6), a color-changing silica gel sampling tube (7) and a filter (8), and finally is discharged to a nuclear power plant chimney radioactive gaseous effluent sampling system through a power device;
absorbing tritium in the stack gas by the desalted water in the desalted water sampling tube (4), and measuring the tritium in the desalted water by adopting a single-label liquid flash analysis method; absorbing the alkali absorption liquid in the chimney gas by the first alkali solution sampling tube (5) and the second alkali solution sampling tube (6)14CO2And tritium which is not completely absorbed by the desalted water, and measuring tritium and carbon-14 in the alkali absorption liquid of the first alkali solution sampling tube (5) and the second alkali solution sampling tube (6) by adopting a double-labeling liquid flash analysis method;
the allochroic silica gel in the allochroic silica gel sampling tube (7) absorbs redundant water vapor to protect subsequent devices such as a flowmeter, an electromagnetic valve and the like;
carbon dioxide in the desalted water sampling tube (4) is ignored, and the combined sampling of total tritium and total carbon-14 required by the regulations in the gaseous effluent is realized.
CN202111232752.7A 2021-10-22 2021-10-22 Tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device and method Pending CN113917520A (en)

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CN202111232752.7A CN113917520A (en) 2021-10-22 2021-10-22 Tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device and method

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111232752.7A CN113917520A (en) 2021-10-22 2021-10-22 Tritium and carbon-14 combined sampling device and method

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