CN110954939B - Tritium monitor laboratory calibrating device - Google Patents
Tritium monitor laboratory calibrating device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110954939B CN110954939B CN201911344069.5A CN201911344069A CN110954939B CN 110954939 B CN110954939 B CN 110954939B CN 201911344069 A CN201911344069 A CN 201911344069A CN 110954939 B CN110954939 B CN 110954939B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T7/00—Details of radiation-measuring instruments
- G01T7/005—Details of radiation-measuring instruments calibration techniques
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tritium measurement, and particularly relates to a tritium monitor laboratory calibration device which is used for providing tritium-containing air for a calibration experiment of a tritium monitor, and comprises a sealed annular loop (1) provided with a circulating pump (4), a thermometer (5), a pressure gauge (6), a standard tritium gas inlet (9), a dry air inlet (10) and a tritium-containing air outlet, wherein standard tritium gas entering from the standard tritium gas inlet (9) and dry air entering from the dry air inlet (10) are circulated and mixed in the annular loop (1) under the action of the circulating pump (4) to form tritium-containing air, and the tritium-containing air is conveyed to a container where the tritium monitor is located through a tritium-containing air outlet. The invention enables the calibration operation of the tritium monitor laboratory to be more accurate and the use to be more convenient, and provides a tritium-containing air and tail gas recovery method with known activity, so that the tritium-containing air and tail gas recovery method becomes an effective device for the calibration of the tritium monitor laboratory and the research of tritium-measuring influence factors of an ionization chamber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tritium measurement, and particularly relates to a tritium monitor laboratory calibration device.
Background
Tritium is the only radioisotope of hydrogen, an artificially synthesized substance with very weak radioactivity, a pure beta emitter with a maximum decay energy of 18.6keV, and a half-life of 12.35 a. Tritium radiation protection is more challenging due to its higher diffusivity in various materials. In addition, during operation of nuclear power reactors (excluding dedicated reactors that produce tritium), activation reactions in the coolant and in the associated materials of construction can produce quantities of undesirable tritium due to fission-fission of the nuclear fuel element fission nuclei and fission neutrons in the control rods. For safe production, the workplace tritium levels of tritium workers must be limited. And the level of tritium must be measured at any time in order to estimate the dose received during operation, and therefore accurate and efficient monitoring of gaseous tritium concentrations in a tritium-involving site is of great importance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at a plurality of influence factors (such as the influence of peripheral gamma rays, the memory effect caused by the tritium on the surface of the ionization chamber, the type and pressure of gas, the wall effect of ion number loss caused by the wall of the ionization chamber, and the energy deposition of different wall materials) existing when the ionization chamber is used for measuring the tritium, the factors all influence the sensitivity, the accuracy, the application range and the like of the tritium measurement of the ionization chamber. The invention aims to provide a calibration device of a tritium monitor, which can provide the following influence factors when the tritium monitor is calibrated: (1) response study on HT and HTO in airborne tritium; (2) study of the effect of gas composition in the calibration loop; (3) study of the effects of other radioactive gases; (4) study of calibration factors for gamma compensation ionization chambers, and the like. By investigating influence factors such as component gas, environmental conditions, memory effect, gamma response and the like, the calibration problem of the tritium monitor in a laboratory is solved, the transfer capability of the gaseous tritium activity value is formed, and the accuracy and reliability of the gaseous tritium monitoring value of a tritium workplace are guaranteed. The tritium-containing air and tail gas recovery method has the advantages that the calibration operation of a tritium monitor laboratory is more accurate, the use is more convenient, and the tritium-containing air and tail gas recovery method with known activity is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the tritium monitor laboratory calibration device is used for providing tritium-containing air for a calibration experiment of a tritium monitor, and the tritium monitor laboratory calibration device comprises a sealed annular loop which is provided with a circulating pump, a thermometer, a pressure gauge, a standard tritium gas inlet, a dry air inlet and a tritium-containing air outlet, wherein standard tritium gas entering from the standard tritium gas inlet and dry air entering from the dry air inlet are circulated and mixed in the annular loop under the action of the circulating pump to form tritium-containing air, and the tritium-containing air is conveyed to a container where the tritium monitor is located through the tritium-containing air outlet.
And the buffer tank is connected in parallel to the annular loop, the diameter of the buffer tank is larger than that of the annular loop, and the buffer tank is used for temporarily storing and mixing the standard tritium gas and the dry air in the annular loop, so that the mixing speed of the standard tritium gas and the dry air is accelerated.
Further, still including connecting on the annular circuit the vacuum pump, vacuum pump entry one end is connected on the annular circuit, the export one end of vacuum pump is connected to tail gas processing system, the vacuum pump is used for before the calibration experiment to the annular circuit evacuation, guarantees keep vacuum state in the annular circuit, still be used for after the calibration experiment with radioactive tail gas suction in the annular circuit tail gas processing system, tail gas is remaining contain the tritium air.
Further, the tail gas treatment system oxidizes tritium-containing tail gas into tritium water through a U-shaped catalytic oxidation bed, and then removes the condensed tritium water through adsorption of a 4A molecular sieve, so that tritium in the tail gas is removed.
Furthermore, a plurality of pipeline interfaces are arranged on the annular loop, wherein one pipeline interface is used as the tritium-containing air output port; each pipeline connector is provided with a valve switch, the annular loop is provided with a plurality of valve switches, and the standard tritium gas access port and the dry air access port are respectively provided with a valve switch; the valve switch arranged on the pipeline interface is used for realizing the communication and the isolation between the pipeline interface and the annular loop and ensuring the tightness of the annular loop; the valve switch arranged on the annular loop is used for realizing the communication and isolation of the interior of the annular loop and providing flexible mixing conditions for the tritium-containing air; the valve switch is arranged on the standard tritium gas access port and the dry air access port and used for realizing communication and isolation between the standard tritium gas access port and the dry air access port and the annular loop.
Further, the buffer tank, the circulating pump, the thermometer, the pressure gauge and the vacuum pump are detachably arranged on the annular loop through the pipeline interfaces.
Furthermore, one end of an inlet and one end of an outlet of the buffer tank are respectively arranged on the annular loop through one pipeline interface, and one valve switch is arranged on the annular loop between the two pipeline interfaces.
Furthermore, one end of an inlet and one end of an outlet of the circulating pump are respectively arranged on the annular loop through one pipeline interface, and one valve switch is arranged on the annular loop between the two pipeline interfaces.
Furthermore, one valve switch is arranged on the annular loop between the standard tritium gas access port and the dry air access port.
Further, a plurality of redundant interfaces are further arranged on the annular loop, the redundant interfaces are used for meeting the requirements of subsequent expanding test use, and include conditions experiment for implementing, and the conditions experiment includes humidity condition experiment or other experiments influencing gas conditions in the calibration experiment process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the use of annular circuit 1 has not only realized the place that standard tritium gas and dry air mix, has reduced the volume in calibration space moreover (annular circuit 1 replaces the control box, and the volume reduces greatly), has alleviateed the adsorption capacity of tritium gas greatly in the same experimental time, has improved the degree of accuracy of calibration experiment, the effectual maneuverability that guarantees the calibration experiment.
2. The pipeline interface 2 is arranged on the annular loop 1, so that hardware conditions are effectively provided for influencing factor conditions in the calibration experiment process; the pipeline interface 2 is controlled by a valve switch 11, so that the independent controllability of the pipeline interface 2 is effectively improved; the method provides favorable conditions for independently controlling experimental conditions to carry out calibration experiments, and in addition, the redundant interface 12 is designed on the annular loop 1, so that the use requirements of subsequent expansion experiments are effectively ensured.
3. Insert thermometer 5, pressure gauge 6 and make the installation convenient to detach on annular circuit 1, on the one hand can effectual monitoring experimental conditions, on the other hand still can provide convenient condition for follow-up instrument traceability.
4. The circulating pump 4 effectively ensures gas mixing, shortens mixing time and provides very convenient conditions for calibration experiments; the vacuum pump 7 enables the radioactive tail gas in the annular loop 1 to be rapidly recycled to the tail gas treatment system 8, and powerful conditions are provided for experiments again.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tritium monitor laboratory calibration apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-annular loop, 2-pipeline interface, 3-buffer tank, 4-circulating pump, 5-thermometer, 6-pressure gauge, 7-vacuum pump, 8-tail gas treatment system, 9-standard tritium gas inlet, 10-dry air inlet, 11-valve switch and 12-redundancy interface.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in figure 1, the tritium monitor laboratory calibration device provided by the invention is used for providing tritium-containing air for a calibration experiment of a tritium monitor, and comprises a sealed annular loop 1 provided with a buffer tank 3, a circulating pump 4, a thermometer 5, a pressure gauge 6, a vacuum pump 7, a standard tritium gas inlet 9, a dry air inlet 10 and a tritium-containing air outlet, wherein standard tritium gas entering from the standard tritium gas inlet 9 and dry air entering from the dry air inlet 10 are circulated and mixed in the annular loop 1 under the action of the circulating pump 4 to form tritium-containing air, and the tritium-containing air is conveyed to a container where the tritium monitor is located through the tritium-containing air outlet. The concentration of the tritium-containing air is that the tritium-containing air with known concentration required by a calibration experiment is obtained by adjusting the input amount of standard tritium gas and dry air so that the dry air dilutes the standard tritium gas.
The diameter of buffer tank 3 is greater than the diameter of annular circuit 1, and buffer tank 3 is used for keeping in the standard tritium gas in annular circuit 1 and dry air and mixes for the speed of the mixture of standard tritium gas and dry air (dry air and standard tritium gas mix the circulation in annular circuit 1 slower).
The use of the circulating pump 4 effectively overcomes the pressure drop in the annular loop 1, so that the circulation of the mixed tritium-containing air in the annular loop 1 is accelerated, the mixing time is effectively shortened, and the total adsorption is reduced (the total adsorption refers to the adsorption of tritium in the whole calibration experiment process).
The temperature and pressure gauges 5, 6 are used to provide temperature and pressure values within the loop 1. In the calibration experiment process, the influence problem of the ionization chamber wall effect needs to be researched on the pressure of the balance gas filled in the calibration device (the annular loop 1) so as to reduce the influence of the wall effect; since the pressure and temperature are inseparable, a thermometer 5 and a pressure gauge 6 are required to be installed in the loop 1. The accuracy of the calibration experiment is guaranteed by the thermometer 5 and the pressure gauge 6, real-time monitoring is carried out on temperature and pressure conditions in the calibration experiment process, and the safety problem of the experiment process is guaranteed.
One end of an inlet of the vacuum pump 7 is connected to the annular loop 1, and one end of an outlet of the vacuum pump 7 is connected to the tail gas treatment system 8. The vacuum pump 7 is used for vacuumizing the annular loop 1 before a calibration experiment, so that the annular loop 1 is kept in a vacuum state and does not contain any gas, (thus, dry air and standard tritium gas added in the experiment process are recorded by a mass flow meter, and then the concentration of tritium-containing air in the annular loop 1 can be calculated); the vacuum pump 7 is also used for pumping radioactive tail gas in the annular loop 1 into a tail gas treatment system 8 after the calibration experiment, wherein the tail gas is residual tritium-containing air. After the calibration experiment is finished, a large amount of radioactive gas exists in the annular loop 1, the experimental radioactive gas in the annular loop 1 is pumped into a tail gas treatment system 8 through a vacuum pump 7, tritium is removed through a catalytic oxidation mode, and the tritium content in the tail gas meets the discharge requirement and then is discharged; the vacuum pump 7 effectively ensures the evacuation of the tail gas in the annular loop 1, provides a good foundation for experiments again, shortens the time for evacuating the tail gas and reduces the operation amount of personnel.
The tail gas treatment system 8 oxidizes the tail gas containing tritium (HT) into tritium water (HTO) through a U-shaped catalytic oxidation bed, and then removes the condensed tritium water through the adsorption of a 4A molecular sieve to realize the removal of tritium in the tail gas; the tritium-removed tail gas temporarily exists in a tail gas temporary storage tank, is monitored and then is in butt joint with an air outlet outside the experiment room. The method for converting HT in tail gas into HTO adopts a palladium catalytic oxidation method, and is mature, and the conversion efficiency is more than 99%. HTO adsorbed by the molecular sieve can be analyzed out liquid and collected to be treated as radioactive waste in a unified way. The safety of the laboratory environment and the external environment is effectively ensured by the connection of the tail gas treatment system 8.
A plurality of pipeline interfaces 2 are arranged on the annular loop 1 (aiming at the problem of more influencing factors in calibration of a tritium monitor laboratory, a plurality of pipeline interfaces 2 are reserved on the annular loop 1), and one pipeline interface 2 is used as a tritium-containing air outlet; each pipeline connector 2 is provided with a valve switch 11, the annular loop 1 is provided with a plurality of valve switches 11, and the standard tritium gas inlet 9 and the dry air inlet 10 are respectively provided with one valve switch 11; the valve switch 11 arranged on the pipeline interface 2 is used for realizing the communication and isolation between the pipeline interface 2 and the annular loop 1 (ensuring that the influence factors can be independently controlled for testing), and ensuring the tightness of the annular loop 1; the valve switch 11 arranged on the annular loop 1 is used for realizing the communication and isolation of the interior of the annular loop 1 and providing flexible mixing conditions for tritium-containing air; the valve switches 11 arranged on the standard tritium gas access port 9 and the dry air access port 10 are used for realizing communication and isolation between the standard tritium gas access port 9 and the dry air access port 10 and the annular loop 1.
The inlet end and the outlet end of the circulating pump 4 are respectively arranged on the annular loop 1 through a pipeline interface 2, and a valve switch 11 is arranged on the annular loop 1 between the two pipeline interfaces 2. By adjusting the mounting positions of the inlet end and the outlet end of the circulation pump 4, the circulation direction of the gas in the loop circuit 1 can be realized.
The inlet end and the outlet end of the buffer tank 3 are respectively arranged on the annular loop 1 through a pipeline connector 2, and a valve switch 11 is arranged on the annular loop 1 between the two pipeline connectors 2. By changing the installation positions of the inlet end and the outlet end of the surge tank 3, it is possible to accommodate the change in the circulation direction of the gas in the annular circuit 1.
A valve switch 11 is arranged on the annular loop 1 between the standard tritium gas inlet 9 and the dry air inlet 10.
The annular loop 1 is also provided with a plurality of redundant interfaces 12, and the redundant interfaces 12 are used for ensuring the requirements of subsequent expanding test use, including condition experiment implementation; the condition test includes a humidity condition test during a calibration test or other test that affects gas conditions, and the like. When not in use, the redundant interface 12 is in a sealed state.
The device according to the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described in the specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments according to the technical solutions of the present invention, and also belong to the technical innovation scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a tritium monitor laboratory calibrating device for the calibration experiment of tritium monitor provides the tritium-containing air, characterized by: the tritium monitoring device comprises a sealed annular loop (1) provided with a circulating pump (4), a thermometer (5), a pressure gauge (6), a standard tritium gas inlet (9), a dry air inlet (10) and a tritium-containing air outlet, wherein standard tritium gas entering from the standard tritium gas inlet (9) and dry air entering from the dry air inlet (10) are circulated and mixed in the annular loop (1) under the action of the circulating pump (4) to form tritium-containing air, and the tritium-containing air is conveyed to a container where the tritium monitoring instrument is located through the tritium-containing air outlet;
the annular loop (1) is further provided with a plurality of redundant interfaces (12), the redundant interfaces (12) are used for guaranteeing the requirements of subsequent expanding test use, and the condition tests comprise a condition experiment for implementing the humidity condition experiment or other experiments influencing the gas condition in the calibration experiment process.
2. A tritium monitor laboratory calibration apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: still including parallelly connected buffer tank (3) on annular circuit (1), the diameter of buffer tank (3) is greater than the diameter of annular circuit (1), buffer tank (3) be used for with in annular circuit (1) standard tritium gas with dry air keeps in and mixes, accelerates standard tritium gas with the speed of dry air's mixture.
3. A tritium monitor laboratory calibration apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: still including connecting vacuum pump (7) on annular circuit (1), vacuum pump (7) entry one end is connected on annular circuit (1), the export one end of vacuum pump (7) is connected to tail gas processing system (8), vacuum pump (7) are used for just before the calibration experiment annular circuit (1) take out the vacuum, guarantee keep vacuum state in annular circuit (1), still be used for after the calibration experiment will the radioactive tail gas suction in annular circuit (1) tail gas processing system (8), tail gas is remaining contain the tritium air.
4. A tritium monitor laboratory calibration apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: the tail gas treatment system (8) oxidizes tritium-containing tail gas into tritium water through a U-shaped catalytic oxidation bed, and then removes the condensed tritium water through the adsorption of a 4A molecular sieve, so that the tritium in the tail gas is removed.
5. A tritium monitor laboratory calibration apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that: the annular loop (1) is provided with a plurality of pipeline interfaces (2), wherein one pipeline interface (2) is used as the tritium-containing air output port; each pipeline connector (2) is provided with a valve switch (11), the annular loop (1) is provided with a plurality of valve switches (11), and the standard tritium gas inlet (9) and the dry air inlet (10) are respectively provided with one valve switch (11); the valve switch (11) arranged on the pipeline interface (2) is used for realizing communication and isolation between the pipeline interface (2) and the annular loop (1) and ensuring the tightness of the annular loop (1); the valve switch (11) arranged on the annular loop (1) is used for realizing communication and isolation of the interior of the annular loop (1) and providing flexible mixing conditions for the tritium-containing air; the valve switch (11) is arranged on the standard tritium gas access port (9) and the dry air access port (10) and used for achieving communication and isolation between the standard tritium gas access port (9) and the dry air access port (10) and the annular loop (1).
6. A tritium monitor laboratory calibration apparatus as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the buffer tank (3), the circulating pump (4), the thermometer (5), the pressure gauge (6) and the vacuum pump (7) are detachably arranged on the annular loop (1) through the pipeline interface (2).
7. A tritium monitor laboratory calibration apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that: one end of an inlet and one end of an outlet of the buffer tank (3) are respectively arranged on the annular loop (1) through one pipeline interface (2), and one valve switch (11) is arranged on the annular loop (1) between the two pipeline interfaces (2).
8. A tritium monitor laboratory calibration apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that: one end of an inlet and one end of an outlet of the circulating pump (4) are respectively arranged on the annular loop (1) through the pipeline interfaces (2), and one valve switch (11) is arranged on the annular loop (1) between the two pipeline interfaces (2).
9. A tritium monitor laboratory calibration apparatus as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the annular loop (1) between the standard tritium gas inlet (9) and the dry air inlet (10) is provided with one valve switch (11).
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| CN111739673B (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2022-11-25 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Oxidation adsorption experiment system and method for trace hydrogen in oxygen atmosphere |
| CN111879793B (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2022-03-11 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Tritium gas adsorption performance experimental device and method thereof |
| CN112881238B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-02-22 | 清华大学 | Method for determining tritium diffusion coefficient based on release rate |
| CN113253328B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-01 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | On-line measuring system and method for medium and low concentration tritium |
| CN114879246B (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-11-08 | 中国人民解放军火箭军工程大学 | Multi-concentration tritiated water vapor generation method |
| CN114870411B (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-12-23 | 中国人民解放军火箭军工程大学 | Multi-concentration tritiated water vapor generation device |
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| FR2529355A1 (en) * | 1982-06-29 | 1983-12-30 | Air Liquide | FLOW METER MIXER FOR DELIVERING A MIXTURE OF TWO GASES, THE PROPORTION OF WHICH MAY NOT BE LESS THAN A SPECIFIED VALUE |
| FR2877722B1 (en) * | 2004-11-09 | 2007-03-02 | Renault Sas | CALIBRATION DEVICE ADAPTED TO GAS ANALYZER AND ASSOCIATED METHOD |
| CN105203717B (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2017-08-25 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Inert gas monitor field calibration device and its application process |
| CN205412713U (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-08-03 | 广东华特气体股份有限公司 | High -efficient gas mixture is prepared device and is used its gas distribution system |
| CN109925900B (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2021-10-08 | 平高集团有限公司 | Gas mixing device |
| CN106680864B (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2019-01-25 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | A kind of tritium gas flow-generator system and method for constant density |
| CN107015266A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-08-04 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | A kind of calibration system and its scaling method of flow gas environment ion-chamber tritium concentration monitor |
| CN110170256A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-27 | 中国人民解放军陆军勤务学院 | A kind of self-priming gasoline vaporising system |
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