CN113917465A - SAR radar imaging method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of SAR radar detection, imaging identification and wireless communication, and particularly relates to an SAR radar imaging method and system and application thereof in the fields. The method is based on the synthetic virtual array obtained by the SAR technology, and the new imaging algorithm is adopted to process the array signal so as to obtain the imaging information of the target. The imaging method has small arithmetic quantity and high imaging speed, and can be compatible with application scenes of different distances and single-base or multi-base radar platforms, thereby having good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of SAR radar detection, imaging identification and wireless communication, and particularly relates to an SAR radar imaging method and application thereof in the fields.
Background
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a synthetic Aperture radar which realizes high-resolution microwave imaging by utilizing a synthetic Aperture principle and has the characteristics of all-time, all-weather, high resolution, large breadth and the like. The SAR technology can synthesize a large-aperture virtual array through a moving detection platform, so that the hardware cost can be greatly reduced, and the detection resolution is improved.
However, the existing SAR radar requires different relative motion speeds between the target and the detection platform during the detection process, and its imaging algorithm is extremely complex, whereas when the focused SAR processing is adopted, the signal compensation algorithm becomes more complex. Therefore, the use of the SAR at present is limited by a plurality of factors such as a plurality of imaging limitation conditions, complex algorithm, large computation amount, long imaging processing time, incapability of being compatible with detection of different scenes in a far, middle and near mode and the like.
In view of this, the SAR imaging method which is good in compatibility, low in cost, high in imaging speed and excellent in imaging effect has great application value.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the SAR radar imaging technology, the invention provides a set of solutions. The invention is based on the synthetic virtual array obtained by SAR technology, and adopts a new imaging algorithm to process the array signal so as to obtain the imaging information of the target. The imaging method has small arithmetic quantity and high imaging speed, and can be compatible with application scenes of different distances and single-base or multi-base radar platforms.
In a first aspect, the invention provides an SAR radar imaging method, which comprises the steps of utilizing an SAR technology to process echo signals received by a receiving antenna and synthesizing virtual aperture array signals; adopting a rapid imaging method to perform imaging processing on the synthesized virtual aperture array signal and obtain an imaging detection result; the fast imaging method is based on a lens imaging principle, combines an electromagnetic field theory, obtains image field distribution corresponding to a target by weighting amplitude and phase of a unit signal according to a target signal received by an antenna array and adopting an efficient parallel algorithm, and comprises the following specific algorithms:
wherein: j is an imaginary unit, e is an Euler constant,
in order to be the image field distribution,
for the target signal received by the array unit, AmnIs a weighting coefficient for the array element amplitude,
in order to focus the phase weighting coefficients,
for scanning the phase weighting coefficients, M is the number of array elements in the x-direction, and N is the number of array elements in the y-direction, (x)m，yn) Is the coordinate of the array unit, (delta, sigma) is the coordinate of the image point, V is the image distance, i.e. the distance between the image plane and the array plane, eta is the object selectivity parameter, different values are selected according to the characteristics of the imaging system, m and n are the serial numbers of the array unit in the x direction and the y direction respectively,
in wavenumber, λ is the wavelength, and the symbol Σ represents the summation operation.
Further, the method of the present invention can be adapted to different imaging systems by selecting different values of parameter η, for example:
when eta is 1, the method is suitable for passive radars and multi-base radar imaging systems;
when eta is 2, the method is suitable for a common SAR radar imaging system.
Specifically, the SAR radar imaging method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out amplitude weighting on the array unit signals to reduce side lobe levels;
step two: carrying out scanning phase weighting on the array unit signals to adjust the central visual angle direction of the imaging system;
step three: carrying out automatic focusing phase weighting on the array unit signals to realize imaging focusing;
step four: performing rapid imaging processing on the array unit signals by adopting an efficient parallel algorithm;
step five: and resolving the image field coordinates, and performing coordinate inversion on the image field to obtain the position of the real target.
Further, the amplitude weighting method in step one of the method of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, uniform distribution, cosine weighting, hamming window, Taylor distribution, chebyshev distribution, and hybrid weighting method.
Further, in step two of the method of the present invention, the scanning phase is weighted to adjust the central view direction of the imaging system, and the phase calculation formula of the scanning phase weighting is as follows:
wherein: m and n are serial numbers of the array unit in the x direction and the y direction respectively, eta is an object selectivity parameter,
the phase difference between the adjacent cells of the array in the x direction and the y direction respectively has the following calculation formula:
wherein: k is the wave number, Δx、ΔyThe array unit pitch theta in the x direction and the y directionζ、θξThe x and y scanning angle coordinates when the central visual angle direction points to the source coordinates (zeta, xi) are respectively calculated as follows:
wherein: u is the object distance, i.e., the distance from the plane of the target to the plane of the array.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: carrying out automatic focusing phase weighting on the signals of the array unit by using a focusing phase weighting method to realize imaging focusing, wherein:
the autofocus phase weighted focus phase calculation formula is:
wherein: r is the target slant distance, i.e. the distance from the target to the center of the array, (x)m,yn) Are the coordinates of the array elements.
Further, the method of the invention comprises the following fourth step: performing rapid imaging processing on the signals after the amplitude and the phase of the array unit are weighted by adopting an efficient parallel algorithm; the efficient parallel algorithm comprises two-dimensional or three-dimensional FFT, IFFT, non-uniform FFT and sparse FFT, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein:
is like, symbol
Represents an efficient parallel algorithm function and is,
for the target signal received by the array unit, A is the amplitude weighting coefficient of the array unit, phiFFor focusing the phase weighting coefficients, [ phi ]SIs a scanning phase weighting coefficient, j is an imaginary number unit, and e is an Euler constant;
ω corresponding to the image field calculation resultδ、ωσThe value range is as follows: omegaδ∈[0,2π]、ωσ∈[0,2π]After fftshift operation, the value of ω is calculatedδ、ωσThe value range is transformed into: omegaδ∈[-π,π]、ωσ∈[-π,π]The image at this time is an image conforming to the actual distribution:
further, the method of the invention comprises the following step five: carrying out coordinate calculation on an image field obtained by the efficient parallel algorithm, and carrying out coordinate inversion on the image field to obtain the distribution condition of a real target; wherein:
for the efficient parallel algorithm of the IFFT class, the calculation formula of the angular coordinate of the image field scanning is as follows:
for the FFT-like efficient parallel algorithm, the calculation formula of the image field scanning angle coordinate is as follows:
the rectangular coordinate calculation formula of the image is as follows:
δ＝Vtanθδ，
σ＝Vtanθσ；
wherein: v is the image distance, namely the distance from the image plane to the plane where the receiving array is located;
the coordinate inversion calculation formula of the real target is as follows:
further, the imaging method of the invention adopts a simplified method when used for imaging a long-distance target, and comprises the following steps:
if R is ∞, then phiFA simplified formula suitable for long range imaging is 0:
and calculating an image field by adopting the efficient parallel algorithm, and obtaining the target distribution condition in a wide visual angle range through one-time operation.
In addition, the invention also relates to the application of the method in the fields of SAR radar detection, imaging identification and wireless communication.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides an SAR radar imaging system, which executes an operation instruction formed by the SAR radar imaging method, and the imaging system includes the following operation modules:
1) the receiving and transmitting antenna array module is used for transmitting a radio frequency detection signal, and the receiving antenna is used for receiving a target echo signal;
2) the distance walking correction module is used for carrying out distance calibration processing on the received echo signals and eliminating the influence of target motion on the echoes;
3) the imaging signal processing module is used for imaging the synthesized virtual aperture array signal by adopting a rapid imaging method based on a lens imaging principle;
4) and the display and control system module is used for synchronizing and controlling the whole radar system, displaying the imaging detection result and providing a human-computer interaction interface.
In conclusion, the SAR radar imaging method has the following advantages:
1) the imaging effect is improved
In the phase compensation method, the target slant distance R is used for replacing the object distance parameter U, and compared with the object distance parameter U, the parameter R is easier to obtain and has better imaging effect.
2) Small operation amount, low hardware cost and high imaging speed
Compared with the traditional holographic active imaging algorithm, the phase compensation-IFFT algorithm framework is adopted, and the FFT operation link with high requirement on hardware resources and low operation speed is removed, so that the operation amount is greatly reduced, and the operation speed is improved; compared with the traditional SAR imaging algorithm, the algorithm is simpler and easier to realize.
3) The compatibility is strong, and the method is applicable to imaging of different application scenes in far, middle and near fields
By implementing the method, different relative movement speeds of the target and the detection platform are not required, application scenes with different distances from far to middle can be compatible, and the method can be compatible with a single-base radar platform and a multi-base radar platform.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the following drawings are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a system workflow diagram of the imaging method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an algorithmic block diagram of the imaging method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the imaging result of the imaging method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are merely illustrative of some, but not all, of the present invention and that the invention may be embodied or carried out in various other specific forms, and that various modifications and changes in the details of the specification may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Also, it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described below; it is also to be understood that the terminology used in the examples is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1: an SAR radar imaging method (refer to the attached figure 1) comprises the steps of processing echo signals received by a receiving antenna by utilizing an SAR technology, and synthesizing virtual aperture array signals; adopting a rapid imaging method to perform imaging processing on the synthesized virtual aperture array signal and obtain an imaging detection result; the fast imaging method is based on a lens imaging principle, combines an electromagnetic field theory, obtains image field distribution corresponding to a target by weighting amplitude and phase of a unit signal according to a target signal received by an antenna array and adopting an efficient parallel algorithm, and comprises the following specific algorithms:
wherein: j is an imaginary unit, e is an Euler constant,
in order to be the image field distribution,
for the target signal received by the array unit, AmnIs a weighting coefficient for the array element amplitude,
in order to focus the phase weighting coefficients,
for scanning the phase weighting coefficients, M is the number of array elements in the x-direction, and N is the number of array elements in the y-direction, (x)m，yn) The method is characterized in that (delta, sigma) is the coordinate of an array unit, V is the image distance, namely the distance from an imaging plane to the array plane, eta is an object selectivity parameter, different values are selected according to the characteristics of an imaging system, when eta is selected to be 1, the method is suitable for a passive radar and a multi-base radar imaging system, and when eta is selected to be 2, the method is suitable for a common SAR radar imaging system; m and n are respectively the serial numbers of the array unit in the x direction and the y direction,
in wavenumber, λ is the wavelength, and the symbol Σ represents the summation operation.
Specifically, the SAR radar imaging method of the invention comprises the following steps (see the attached figure 2):
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out amplitude weighting on the array unit signals to reduce side lobe levels;
methods of amplitude weighting include, but are not limited to, uniform distribution, cosine weighting, hamming window, Taylor distribution, chebyshev distribution, and hybrid weighting methods.
Step two: carrying out scanning phase weighting on the array unit signals to adjust the central visual angle direction of the imaging system;
the phase calculation formula of the scanning phase weighting is as follows:
wherein: m and n are serial numbers of the array unit in the x direction and the y direction respectively, eta is an object selectivity parameter,
the phase difference between the adjacent cells of the array in the x direction and the y direction respectively has the following calculation formula:
wherein: k is the wave number, Δx、ΔyThe array unit pitch theta in the x direction and the y directionζ、θξThe x and y scanning angle coordinates when the central visual angle direction points to the source coordinates (zeta, xi) are respectively calculated as follows:
wherein: u is the object distance, i.e., the distance from the plane of the target to the plane of the array.
Step three: carrying out automatic focusing phase weighting on the array unit signals to realize imaging focusing;
wherein: the autofocus phase weighted focus phase calculation formula is:
wherein: r is the target slant distance, i.e. the distance from the target to the center of the array, (x)m,yn) Are the coordinates of the array elements.
Step four: performing rapid imaging processing on the array unit signals by adopting an efficient parallel algorithm;
the efficient parallel algorithm comprises two-dimensional or three-dimensional FFT, IFFT, non-uniform FFT and sparse FFT, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein:
is like, symbol
Represents an efficient parallel algorithm function and is,
for the target signal received by the array unit, A is the amplitude weighting coefficient of the array unit, phiFFor focusing the phase weighting coefficients, [ phi ]SIs a scanning phase weighting coefficient, j is an imaginary number unit, and e is an Euler constant;
ω corresponding to the image field calculation resultδ、ωσThe value range is as follows: omegaδ∈[0,2π]、ωσ∈[0,2π]After fftshift operation, the value of ω is calculatedδ、ωσThe value range is transformed into: omegaδ∈[-π,π]、ωσ∈[-π,π]The image at this time is an image conforming to the actual distribution:
step five: resolving an image field coordinate, and performing coordinate inversion on the image field to obtain the position of a real target;
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out coordinate calculation on an image field obtained by the efficient parallel algorithm, and carrying out coordinate inversion on the image field to obtain the distribution condition of a real target; wherein:
for the efficient parallel algorithm of the IFFT class, the calculation formula of the angular coordinate of the image field scanning is as follows:
for the FFT-like efficient parallel algorithm, the calculation formula of the image field scanning angle coordinate is as follows:
the rectangular coordinate calculation formula of the image is as follows:
δ＝Vtanθδ，
σ＝Vtanθσ；
wherein: v is the image distance, namely the distance from the image plane to the plane where the receiving array is located;
the coordinate inversion calculation formula of the real target is as follows:
example 2: effect test of the imaging method (method of example 1)
The test conditions are as follows: the SAR system has the working frequency of 60GHz and the target of two metal spheres with the outer phase distance of 1km and 2 m. By adopting the synthetic aperture technology, the aperture scale of the synthetic array is 5m x 5m, the angular resolution is better than 0.1 degree, the two metal ball targets can be easily distinguished through SAR imaging, and the imaging result is shown in figure 3.
Example 3: a SAR radar imaging method adopts a simplified method when the method is used for imaging a long-distance target, and comprises the following steps:
if R is ∞, then phiFA simplified formula suitable for long range imaging is 0:
and calculating an image field by adopting the efficient parallel algorithm, and obtaining the target distribution condition in a wide visual angle range through one-time operation.
Example 4: an SAR imaging system, the imaging system executes the operation instruction formed by the SAR imaging method (embodiment 1 method), the imaging system includes the following operation modules:
1) the receiving and transmitting antenna array module is used for transmitting a radio frequency detection signal, and the receiving antenna is used for receiving a target echo signal;
2) the distance walking correction module is used for carrying out distance calibration processing on the received echo signals and eliminating the influence of target motion on the echoes;
3) the imaging signal processing module is used for imaging the synthesized virtual aperture array signal by adopting a rapid imaging method based on a lens imaging principle;
4) and the display and control system module is used for synchronizing and controlling the whole radar system, displaying the imaging detection result and providing a human-computer interaction interface.
The embodiments of the present invention are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The above description is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, replacement, or the like that comes within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. An SAR radar imaging method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of processing echo signals received by a receiving antenna by utilizing an SAR technology, and synthesizing virtual aperture array signals; adopting a rapid imaging method to perform imaging processing on the synthesized virtual aperture array signal and obtain an imaging detection result; the fast imaging method is based on a lens imaging principle, combines an electromagnetic field theory, obtains image field distribution corresponding to a target by weighting amplitude and phase of a unit signal according to a target signal received by an antenna array and adopting an efficient parallel algorithm, and comprises the following specific algorithms:
wherein: j is an imaginary unit, e is an Euler constant,
in order to be the image field distribution,
for the target signal received by the array unit, AmnIs a weighting coefficient for the array element amplitude,
in order to focus the phase weighting coefficients,
for scanning the phase weighting coefficients, M is the number of array elements in the x-direction, and N is the number of array elements in the y-direction, (x)m，yn) Is the coordinate of the array unit, (delta, sigma) is the coordinate of the image point, V is the image distance, i.e. the distance between the image plane and the array plane, eta is the object selectivity parameter, different values are selected according to the characteristics of the imaging system, m and n are the serial numbers of the array unit in the x direction and the y direction respectively,
in wavenumber, λ is the wavelength, and the symbol Σ represents the summation operation.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is applicable to different imaging systems by selecting different values of parameter η, in particular:
when eta is 1, the method is suitable for passive radars and multi-base radar imaging systems;
when eta is 2, the method is suitable for a common SAR radar imaging system.
3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out amplitude weighting on the array unit signals to reduce side lobe levels;
step two: carrying out scanning phase weighting on the array unit signals to adjust the central visual angle direction of the imaging system;
step three: carrying out automatic focusing phase weighting on the array unit signals to realize imaging focusing;
step four: performing rapid imaging processing on the array unit signals by adopting an efficient parallel algorithm;
step five: and resolving the image field coordinates, and performing coordinate inversion on the image field to obtain the position of the real target.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the amplitude weighting method in step one comprises uniform distribution, cosine weighting, Hamming window, Taylor distribution, Chebyshev distribution and hybrid weighting method.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the scan phase weighting adjusts the central view direction of the imaging system in step two, and the phase calculation formula of the scan phase weighting is:
wherein: m and n are serial numbers of the array unit in the x direction and the y direction respectively, eta is an object selectivity parameter,
the phase difference between the adjacent cells of the array in the x direction and the y direction respectively has the following calculation formula:
wherein: k is the wave number, Δx、ΔyThe array unit pitch theta in the x direction and the y directionζ、θξThe x and y scanning angle coordinates when the central visual angle direction points to the source coordinates (zeta, xi) are respectively calculated as follows:
wherein: u is the object distance, i.e., the distance from the plane of the target to the plane of the array.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein step three comprises: carrying out automatic focusing phase weighting on the signals of the array unit by using a focusing phase weighting method to realize imaging focusing, wherein:
the autofocus phase weighted focus phase calculation formula is:
wherein: r is the target slant distance, i.e. the distance from the target to the center of the array, (x)m,yn) Are the coordinates of the array elements.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein step four comprises: performing rapid imaging processing on the signals after the amplitude and the phase of the array unit are weighted by adopting an efficient parallel algorithm; the efficient parallel algorithm comprises two-dimensional or three-dimensional FFT, IFFT, non-uniform FFT and sparse FFT, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein:
is like, symbol
Represents an efficient parallel algorithm function and is,
for the target signal received by the array unit, A is the amplitude weighting coefficient of the array unit, phiFFor focusing the phase weighting coefficients, [ phi ]SIs a scanning phase weighting coefficient, j is an imaginary number unit, and e is an Euler constant;
ω corresponding to the image field calculation resultδ、ωσThe value range is as follows: omegaδ∈[0,2π]、ωσ∈[0,2π]After fftshift operation, the value of ω is calculatedδ、ωσThe value range is transformed into: omegaδ∈[-π,π]、ωσ∈[-π,π]The image at this time is an image conforming to the actual distribution:
8. the method of claim 3, wherein step five comprises: carrying out coordinate calculation on an image field obtained by the efficient parallel algorithm, and carrying out coordinate inversion on the image field to obtain the distribution condition of a real target; wherein:
for the efficient parallel algorithm of the IFFT class, the calculation formula of the angular coordinate of the image field scanning is as follows:
for the FFT-like efficient parallel algorithm, the calculation formula of the image field scanning angle coordinate is as follows:
the rectangular coordinate calculation formula of the image is as follows:
δ＝Vtanθδ，
σ＝Vtanθσ；
wherein: v is the image distance, namely the distance from the image plane to the plane where the receiving array is located;
the coordinate inversion calculation formula of the real target is as follows:
9. the method of claim 1, wherein the imaging method is used for remote target imaging using a simplified method comprising:
if R is ∞, then phiFA simplified formula suitable for long range imaging is 0:
the image field is calculated by adopting the efficient parallel algorithm according to claim 7, and the distribution condition of the targets in the wide visual angle range is obtained through one operation.
10. Use of the method of any of claims 1-9 in the fields of SAR radar detection, imaging identification and wireless communication.
11. A SAR radar imaging system, wherein said imaging system executes operating instructions formed by the SAR radar imaging method of any of claims 1 to 9, said imaging system comprising the following operating modules:
1) the receiving and transmitting antenna array module is used for transmitting a radio frequency detection signal, and the receiving antenna is used for receiving a target echo signal;
2) the distance walking correction module is used for carrying out distance calibration processing on the received echo signals and eliminating the influence of target motion on the echoes;
3) the imaging signal processing module is used for imaging the synthesized virtual aperture array signal by adopting a rapid imaging method based on a lens imaging principle;
4) and the display and control system module is used for synchronizing and controlling the whole radar system, displaying the imaging detection result and providing a human-computer interaction interface.
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