CN112612024A - Microwave array rapid imaging method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The microwave array rapid imaging method comprises the following steps: based on a lens imaging principle, combining an electromagnetic field theory, weighting the amplitude and the phase of a unit signal according to a target scattering signal received by an antenna array, and adopting an efficient parallel algorithm to obtain image field distribution corresponding to a target; and imaging calculation is carried out on the array receiving signals by using an efficient parallel algorithm, wide-view-angle, real-time and multi-target imaging and detection are realized, and the position and shape information of a target is obtained. The microwave array rapid imaging method is a detection and imaging identification technology with low cost, high real-time performance and high precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of target detection and imaging identification, in particular to a microwave array rapid imaging method.
Background
In the field of microwave imaging, the existing technical types are mainly classified into the following four categories:
the first type is represented by conventional radar technology, and the detection device forms an extremely narrow detection beam through a large-aperture array, and covers a spatial area to be detected with a plurality of wave positions, so as to obtain an image of a target. There are major disadvantages in that large aperture arrays are required, the required imaging time is long, and the cost is high.
The second type is represented by modern radar technology, Synthetic Aperture (SAR) and Inverse Synthetic Aperture (ISAR) are two main forms, an equivalent large aperture array is formed by the motion of a single antenna or a one-dimensional array, and the image of a target is obtained by comprehensively analyzing received signals at different positions. There are major disadvantages in that different relative motions between the object and the array elements are required, the required imaging time is long, and motion compensation is difficult.
The third category is represented by focal plane imaging techniques, in which an image of a target is formed on a focal plane mainly by a microwave lens or a microwave array lens, and then imaging information of the target is extracted at the focal plane with a precision sensor. The method has the main defects of non-ideal imaging effect, low imaging resolution and high development difficulty of a high-precision sensor.
The fourth category is represented by near-field microwave holographic imaging technology, which adopts a technology similar to laser holographic imaging, acquires target holographic information by referring to an irradiation source, and acquires an image of a target by a three-dimensional space spectrum. There are major disadvantages in that the imaging time is long and the imaging quality is to be improved.
In summary, in the field of microwave imaging, the prior art has disadvantages in cost and universality, and it is necessary to develop a detection and imaging identification technology with low cost, high real-time performance and high precision.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-real-time and high-precision microwave array rapid imaging method.
The microwave array rapid imaging method comprises the following steps:
based on a lens imaging principle, combining an electromagnetic field theory, weighting the amplitude and the phase of a unit signal according to a target scattering signal received by an antenna array, and adopting an efficient parallel algorithm to obtain image field distribution corresponding to a target;
and imaging calculation is carried out on the array receiving signals by using an efficient parallel algorithm, wide-view-angle, real-time and multi-target imaging and detection are realized, and the position and shape information of a target is obtained.
The invention discloses a microwave array rapid imaging method, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: performing fast Fourier transform on the time domain signal received by the array unit, and converting the time domain signal into a frequency domain signal;
step two: carrying out amplitude weighting on the array unit frequency domain signals to reduce side lobe levels;
step three: carrying out scanning phase weighting on the array unit frequency domain signals to change the central visual angle direction of the imaging system;
step four: carrying out automatic focusing phase weighting or fixed focusing phase weighting on the array unit frequency domain signal to realize imaging focusing;
step five: carrying out fast imaging processing on the frequency domain signals of the array unit by adopting an efficient parallel algorithm;
step six: and resolving the image field coordinates, and inverting the image field to obtain the position and shape parameters of the real target.
The microwave array rapid imaging method of the invention adopts the high-efficiency parallel algorithm to obtain the image field distribution corresponding to the target by weighting the amplitude and the phase of the unit signal, and comprises the following steps:
under the condition of small-angle imaging, an image field is obtained after signal amplitude and phase of an array unit are weighted, and the method comprises the following steps:
respectively establishing a target coordinate system o-zeta xi z, an array coordinate system o-xyz and an image field coordinate system o-delta sigma z, wherein under the condition of small-angle imaging, an image field calculation formula is as follows:
wherein
For the object fringe field received by the array element, AmnIs a weighting coefficient for the array element amplitude,
to focus the phaseThe weight coefficient of the weight is given to the weight,
for scanning the phase weighting coefficients, M is the number of array elements in the x-direction, and N is the number of array elements in the y-direction, (x)m,yn) For the coordinates of the array unit, (δ, σ) is the coordinates of the image point, V is the image distance, i.e. the distance from the image plane to the array plane, k is 2 pi/λ, λ is the wavelength, and for an ideal point source target, the imaging angle resolution of the fast imaging method is as follows:
the invention relates to a microwave array rapid imaging method, wherein under the condition of wide-view-angle imaging, a high-precision image field calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, ω isδ＝-kΔxsinθδ、ωσ＝-kΔysinθσ，ΔxIs the x-direction array element pitch, ΔyIs the y-direction array cell pitch, θδ、θσRespectively, the scan angular coordinates of the image point relative to the center of the array.
The microwave array rapid imaging method comprises the amplitude weighting methods such as uniform distribution, cosine weighting, Hamming window, Taylor distribution and Chebyshev distribution, and is not limited by the methods.
The invention discloses a microwave array rapid imaging method, wherein in the direction of a central view angle of a scanning phase weighting adjustment imaging system, a phase calculation formula of scanning phase weighting is as follows:
wherein,
the phase difference between the adjacent cells of the array in the x direction and the y direction respectively has the following calculation formula:
wherein, thetaζ、θξThe x and y scanning angle coordinates when the central visual angle direction points to the source coordinates (zeta, xi) are respectively calculated as follows:
the invention discloses a microwave array rapid imaging method, wherein the fourth step comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of utilizing an automatic focusing phase weighting method or a fixed focusing phase weighting method to carry out focusing phase weighting on the array unit frequency domain signal to realize imaging focusing, wherein the automatic focusing phase weighting focusing phase calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, U is the object distance, namely the distance from the plane of the scattering source to the plane of the array;
the fixed focus phase weighted focus phase calculation formula is:
wherein F is the focal length, and F < U, F < V.
The invention discloses a microwave array rapid imaging method, wherein the fifth step comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of adopting an efficient parallel algorithm to carry out rapid imaging processing on frequency domain signals after the side degree and the phase weighting of an array unit, wherein the efficient parallel algorithm comprises but is not limited to two-dimensional FFT, IFFT, non-uniform FFT and sparse FFT, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the symbols
Represents an efficient parallel algorithm function and is,
is a target scattered field received by the array unit, A is an array unit amplitude weighting coefficient, phiFFor focusing the phase weighting coefficients, [ phi ]SFor scanning phase weighting coefficients, omegaδ＝-kΔxsinθδ、ωσ＝-kΔysinθσ，θδ、θσRespectively the scan angular coordinates of the image point relative to the center of the array,
ω corresponding to the image field calculation resultδ、ωσThe value range is as follows: omegaδ∈[0，2π]、ωσ∈[0，2π]After fftshift operation, the value of ω is calculatedδ、ωσThe value range is transformed into: omegaδ∈[-π，π]、ωσ∈[-π，π]The image at this time is an image conforming to the actual distribution:
the invention discloses a microwave array rapid imaging method, wherein the sixth step comprises the following steps: carrying out coordinate calculation on an image field obtained by the efficient parallel algorithm, carrying out coordinate inversion on the image field, and obtaining the distribution condition of a real target, wherein for the IFFT type efficient parallel algorithm, the calculation formula of the scanning angle coordinate of the image field is as follows:
for the FFT-like efficient parallel algorithm, the calculation formula of the image field scanning angle coordinate is as follows:
the rectangular coordinate calculation formula of the image is as follows:
δ＝Vtanθδ
σ＝Vtanθσ；
the coordinate inversion calculation formula of the real target is as follows:
the invention discloses a microwave array rapid imaging method, which is used for active phased array radar imaging and realizes wide-view-angle real-time target detection and comprises the following steps:
if U is ∞, then phiFThe imaging formula suitable for the medium and long range active phased array radar is as follows:
the image field is calculated by adopting the efficient parallel algorithm of the microwave array rapid imaging method, and the target distribution condition in a wide visual angle range is obtained through one-time operation.
The microwave array rapid imaging method is a rapid imaging method of detection and imaging identification technology with low cost, high real-time performance and high precision, and has good imaging effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the components of an arrayed imaging system;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the operation of the arrayed imaging system;
FIG. 3 is a block flow diagram of a microwave array fast imaging method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the microwave array fast imaging method and its coordinate system according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cosine amplitude weighted imaging result of a cross-shaped metal scatterer using the microwave array fast imaging method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the result of fixed-focus imaging of a cross-shaped metal object by the microwave array rapid imaging method of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is the result of the auto-focus imaging of a cross-shaped metal object using the microwave array fast imaging method of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the scanning phase matching imaging result (the central view direction always points to the central position of the image) by using the microwave array fast imaging method of the present invention;
FIG. 9 shows the simulation results of radar imaging of targets and interference using the fast imaging method of microwave arrays of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The microwave array rapid imaging method comprises the following steps:
based on a lens imaging principle, combining an electromagnetic field theory, weighting the amplitude and the phase of a unit signal according to a target scattering signal received by an antenna array, and adopting an efficient parallel algorithm to obtain image field distribution corresponding to a target;
and imaging calculation is carried out on the array receiving signals by using an efficient parallel algorithm, wide-view-angle, real-time and multi-target imaging and detection are realized, and the position and shape information of a target is obtained.
The invention discloses a microwave array rapid imaging method, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: performing fast Fourier transform on the time domain signal received by the array unit, and converting the time domain signal into a frequency domain signal;
step two: carrying out amplitude weighting on the array unit frequency domain signals to reduce side lobe levels;
step three: carrying out scanning phase weighting on the array unit frequency domain signals to change the central visual angle direction of the imaging system;
step four: carrying out automatic focusing phase weighting or fixed focusing phase weighting on the array unit frequency domain signal to realize imaging focusing;
step five: carrying out fast imaging processing on the frequency domain signals of the array unit by adopting an efficient parallel algorithm;
step six: and resolving the image field coordinates, and inverting the image field to obtain the position and shape parameters of the real target.
The microwave array rapid imaging method of the invention adopts the high-efficiency parallel algorithm to obtain the image field distribution corresponding to the target by weighting the amplitude and the phase of the unit signal, and comprises the following steps:
under the condition of small-angle imaging, an image field is obtained after signal amplitude and phase of an array unit are weighted, and the method comprises the following steps:
respectively establishing a target coordinate system o-zeta xi z, an array coordinate system o-xyz and an image field coordinate system o-delta sigma z, wherein under the condition of small-angle imaging, an image field calculation formula is as follows:
wherein
For the object fringe field received by the array element, AmnIs a weighting coefficient for the array element amplitude,
in order to focus the phase weighting coefficients,
for scanning the phase weighting coefficients, M is the number of array elements in the x-direction, and N is the number of array elements in the y-direction, (x)m,yn) For the coordinates of the array unit, (δ, σ) is the coordinates of the image point, V is the image distance, i.e. the distance from the image plane to the array plane, k is 2 pi/λ, λ is the wavelength, and for an ideal point source target, the imaging angle resolution of the fast imaging method is as follows:
the invention relates to a microwave array rapid imaging method, wherein under the condition of wide-view-angle imaging, a high-precision image field calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, ω isδ＝-kΔxsinθδ、ωσ＝-kΔysinθσ，ΔxIs the x-direction array element pitch, ΔyIs the y-direction array cell pitch, θδ、θσRespectively, the scan angular coordinates of the image point relative to the center of the array.
The microwave array rapid imaging method comprises the amplitude weighting methods such as uniform distribution, cosine weighting, Hamming window, Taylor distribution and Chebyshev distribution, and is not limited by the methods.
The invention discloses a microwave array rapid imaging method, wherein in the direction of a central view angle of a scanning phase weighting adjustment imaging system, a phase calculation formula of scanning phase weighting is as follows:
wherein,
the phase difference between the adjacent cells of the array in the x direction and the y direction respectively has the following calculation formula:
wherein, thetaζ、θξThe x and y scanning angle coordinates when the central visual angle direction points to the source coordinates (zeta, xi) are respectively calculated as follows:
the invention discloses a microwave array rapid imaging method, wherein the fourth step comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of utilizing an automatic focusing phase weighting method or a fixed focusing phase weighting method to carry out focusing phase weighting on the array unit frequency domain signal to realize imaging focusing, wherein the automatic focusing phase weighting focusing phase calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, U is the object distance, namely the distance from the plane of the scattering source to the plane of the array;
the fixed focus phase weighted focus phase calculation formula is:
wherein F is the focal length, and F < U, F < V.
The invention discloses a microwave array rapid imaging method, wherein the fifth step comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of adopting an efficient parallel algorithm to carry out rapid imaging processing on frequency domain signals after the side degree and the phase weighting of an array unit, wherein the efficient parallel algorithm comprises but is not limited to two-dimensional FFT, IFFT, non-uniform FFT and sparse FFT, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the symbols
Represents an efficient parallel algorithm function and is,
is a target scattered field received by the array unit, A is an array unit amplitude weighting coefficient, phiFFor focusing the phase weighting coefficients, [ phi ]sFor scanning phase weighting coefficients, omegaδ＝-kΔxsinθδ、ωσ＝-kΔysinθσ，θδ、θσRespectively the scan angular coordinates of the image point relative to the center of the array,
ω corresponding to the image field calculation resultδ、ωσThe value range is as follows: omegaδ∈[0，2π]、ωσ∈[0，2π]After fftshift operation, the value of ω is calculatedδ、ωσThe value range is transformed into: omegaδ∈[-π，π]、ωσ∈[-π，π]The image at this time is an image conforming to the actual distribution:
the invention discloses a microwave array rapid imaging method, wherein the sixth step comprises the following steps: carrying out coordinate calculation on an image field obtained by the efficient parallel algorithm, carrying out coordinate inversion on the image field, and obtaining the distribution condition of a real target, wherein for the IFFT type efficient parallel algorithm, the calculation formula of the scanning angle coordinate of the image field is as follows:
for the FFT-like efficient parallel algorithm, the calculation formula of the image field scanning angle coordinate is as follows:
the rectangular coordinate calculation formula of the image is as follows:
δ＝Vtanθδ
σ＝Vtanθσ；
the coordinate inversion calculation formula of the real target is as follows:
the invention discloses a microwave array rapid imaging method, which is used for active phased array radar imaging and realizes wide-view-angle real-time target detection and comprises the following steps:
if U is ∞, then phiFThe imaging formula suitable for the medium and long range active phased array radar is as follows:
the image field is calculated by adopting the efficient parallel algorithm of the microwave array rapid imaging method, and the target distribution condition in a wide visual angle range is obtained through one-time operation.
The microwave array rapid imaging method can realize real-time wide-view-field high-precision imaging.
As shown in fig. 1, the microwave array fast imaging system includes a receiving antenna array, a transmitting antenna, a digital receiver, a local oscillator, a transmitter, a signal processing system and a display control system, wherein the receiving antenna array is used for receiving a target scattered field, and the receiving antenna array is a real aperture array or a synthetic aperture array; the transmitting antenna is used for transmitting a radio frequency detection signal; the digital receiver is used for processing the signals received by the array and discretizing the signals into digital signals; the local oscillator is used for generating a radio frequency coherent signal; the transmitter is used for amplifying the radio frequency signal to obtain a high-power radio frequency signal; the signal processing system is used for processing the array signals to realize rapid imaging; the display control system is used for displaying the imaging result, providing a human-computer interaction interface, and synchronizing and controlling the system.
Referring to fig. 2, the method for fast imaging by microwave array of the present invention includes:
the method comprises the following steps: initializing a system;
step two: transmitting a detection signal;
step three: receiving an echo signal;
step four: judging whether to perform wide-view imaging or not, if so, performing wide-view imaging processing, and if not, turning to the fifth step;
step five: judging whether the fixed-angle fine imaging is carried out, if so, turning to the next step, and if not, turning to the seventh step;
step six: judging whether a radar signal processing mode is carried out or not, if so, processing the radar signal, and if not, determining the angle to carry out fine imaging;
step seven: judging whether to re-image; if yes, turning to the fourth step, and if no, turning to the next step;
step eight: judging whether the process is finished, if yes, turning to the step two, and if not, turning to the next step;
step nine: and (6) ending.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the method for fast imaging by microwave array of the present invention includes:
the method comprises the following steps: performing fast Fourier transform on the time domain signal received by the array unit, and converting the time domain signal into a frequency domain signal;
step two: carrying out amplitude weighting on the array unit frequency domain signals;
step three: carrying out scanning phase weighting on the array unit frequency domain signals;
step four: carrying out focusing phase weighting on the array unit frequency domain signals;
step five: performing imaging processing on the array unit frequency domain signals by adopting an efficient parallel algorithm;
step six: and (5) image inversion and display.
The invention discloses a microwave array rapid imaging method, wherein the working process of wide-view-angle imaging is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: performing FFT on the time domain echo signal of the array unit, and converting the time domain echo signal into a frequency domain signal;
step two: setting a proper cosine weighting parameter according to the image fidelity requirement, and carrying out amplitude weighting on the frequency domain signal;
step three: setting a proper scanning angle parameter corresponding to the central visual angle direction according to the requirement of the key observation direction, and carrying out scanning phase weighting on the signals after amplitude weighting;
step four: carrying out automatic focusing phase weighting or fixed focusing phase weighting on the signal after the scanning phase weighting according to whether the target distance information and the working state parameter exist;
step five: setting a proper IFFT point number parameter according to the field range parameter and the resolution requirement, and performing zero filling processing on the data after the focusing phase is weighted according to the requirement;
step six: carrying out fast imaging processing on the array signals subjected to zero filling processing by adopting an efficient parallel algorithm;
step seven: and resolving the image field coordinates, and inverting the image field to obtain the position and shape parameters of the real target.
The invention discloses a microwave array rapid imaging method, wherein the fixed-angle fine imaging work flow comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: performing FFT on the time domain echo signal of the array unit, and converting the time domain echo signal into a frequency domain signal;
step two: setting a proper cosine weighting parameter according to the image fidelity requirement, and carrying out amplitude weighting on the frequency domain signal;
step three: setting a proper scanning angle parameter corresponding to the central visual angle direction according to the requirement of the fine imaging direction, and carrying out scanning phase weighting on the signals after amplitude weighting;
step four: carrying out automatic focusing phase weighting or fixed focusing phase weighting on the signal after the scanning phase weighting according to whether the target distance information and the working state parameter exist;
step five: setting a larger IFFT point number parameter according to the field range parameter and the resolution requirement, and performing zero filling processing on the data after the focusing phase is weighted according to the requirement;
step six: imaging processing is carried out on the array signals subjected to zero filling processing by adopting an efficient parallel algorithm;
step seven: and resolving the image field coordinates, and inverting the image field to obtain the position and shape parameters of the real target.
The invention discloses a microwave array rapid imaging method, wherein a phase shift calculation formula of an array unit is as follows:
where k is 2 pi/λ, λ is the wavelength, F is the focal length of the equivalent lens, R isLIs the array aperture radius and (x, y) is the coordinates of the array element.
The microwave array rapid imaging method of the invention, wherein, under the condition of a thin lens, the phase shift of the array unit can be calculated by adopting an equivalent simplified formula:
the invention relates to a microwave array rapid imaging method, wherein a propagation phase shift calculation formula from an array unit to an image point is as follows:
where V is the image distance, i.e. the distance from the image plane to the plane where the array is located, (δ, σ) is the coordinates of the image point.
The microwave array rapid imaging method of the invention, wherein, when the image point is near the axis, the propagation phase shift from the array unit to the image point can be calculated by adopting an equivalent simplified formula:
the microwave array rapid imaging method of the invention is characterized in that for an ideal array lens imaging system, the normalized image field is as follows:
wherein,
is a field of an image,
m is the number of array elements in the x direction, N is the number of array elements in the y direction,
Δxis the x-direction array element pitch, ΔyIs the pitch of the array elements in the y-direction,
u is the object distance and ζ and ξ are the source coordinates.
The microwave array rapid imaging method of the invention is characterized in that, for an ideal point source target, the radius of a central image spot is as follows:
the invention relates to a microwave array rapid imaging method, wherein for an ideal point source target, the field angle of an image spot at the center of an image field relative to the center of an array is as follows:
the microwave array rapid imaging method of the invention, wherein, through the amplitude and phase weighting of the array unit, under the condition of small angle imaging, the image field calculation formula is as follows:
wherein
For the object fringe field received by the array element, AmnIs a weighting coefficient for the array element amplitude,
in order to focus the phase weighting coefficients,
for the scan phase weighting factor, V is the image distance, i.e., the distance from the image plane to the array plane.
The invention relates to a microwave array rapid imaging method, wherein under the condition of wide-view-angle imaging, a high-precision image field calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, ω isδ＝-kΔxsinθδ、ωσ＝-kΔysinθσ，ΔxIs the x-direction array element pitch, ΔyIs the y-direction array cell pitch, θδ、θσRespectively, the scan angular coordinates of the image point relative to the center of the array.
And amplitude weighting is carried out on the array unit frequency domain signals to reduce side lobe levels, and the amplitude weighting method comprises but is not limited to amplitude weighting modes such as uniform distribution, cosine weighting, Hamming window, Taylor distribution, Chebyshev distribution and the like.
One cosine weighting formula is:
wherein α is the minimum weighted value of the array edge, and α can be selected to be 0.05-0.2 or 0.7-1 as required.
The invention relates to a microwave array rapid imaging method, wherein an array imaging system adjusts the central visual angle direction of the imaging system through scanning phase weighting, and the phase calculation formula of the scanning phase weighting is as follows:
wherein,
the phase difference between the adjacent cells of the array in the x direction and the y direction respectively has the following calculation formula:
wherein, thetaζ、θξThe x and y scanning angle coordinates when the central visual angle direction points to the source coordinates (zeta, xi) are respectively calculated as follows:
the invention relates to a microwave array rapid imaging method, wherein an array imaging system carries out focusing phase weighting on array unit frequency domain signals by utilizing an automatic focusing phase weighting or fixed focusing phase weighting method to realize imaging focusing, and a focusing phase calculation formula of the automatic focusing phase weighting is as follows:
the parameter U is obtained by a pulse ranging method or a continuous wave ranging method.
Fixed focus phase weighted focus phase phiFThe calculation formula is as follows:
the focal parameters F, F < U and F < V.
The microwave array rapid imaging method of the invention is characterized in that an array imaging system adopts an efficient parallel algorithm to perform rapid imaging processing on frequency domain signals after the secondary degree and the phase weighting of an array unit, the efficient parallel algorithm comprises but is not limited to two-dimensional FFT, IFFT, non-uniform FFT and sparse FFT, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the symbols
Represents an efficient parallel algorithm function and is,
is a target scattered field received by the array unit, A is an array unit amplitude weighting coefficient, phiFFor focusing phaseBit weight coefficient, phiSFor scanning phase weighting coefficients, omegaδ＝-kΔxsinθδ、ωσ＝-kΔysinθσ，θδ、θσRespectively, the scan angular coordinates of the image point relative to the center of the array.
ω corresponding to the image field calculation resultδ、ωσThe value range is as follows: omegaδ∈[0，2π]、ωσ∈[0，2π]After fftshift operation, the value of ω is calculatedδ、ωσThe value range is transformed into: omegaδ∈[-π，π]、ωσ∈[-π，π]The image at this time is an image conforming to the actual distribution:
the microwave array rapid imaging method comprises the following steps that an array imaging system carries out coordinate calculation on an image field obtained by a high-efficiency parallel algorithm and carries out coordinate inversion on the image field to obtain the distribution condition of a real target:
for the efficient parallel algorithm of the IFFT class, the calculation formula of the angular coordinate of the image field scanning is as follows:
for the FFT-like efficient parallel algorithm, the calculation formula of the image field scanning angle coordinate is as follows:
the rectangular coordinate calculation formula of the image is as follows:
δ＝Vtanθδ
σ＝Vtanθσ。
the coordinate inversion calculation formula of the real target is as follows:
the microwave array rapid imaging method is suitable for active phased array radar imaging, and realizes wide-view-angle real-time target detection:
if U is ∞, then phiFThe imaging formula suitable for the medium and long range active phased array radar is as follows:
and calculating an image field by adopting the efficient parallel algorithm, and obtaining the target distribution condition in a wide visual angle range through one-time operation.
The invention relates to a microwave array rapid imaging method, which selects U ═ infinity, omegaδ＝0、ωσWhen the target echo is equal to 0, the imaging calculation formula is degraded into a traditional active phased array radar target echo calculation formula:
the principles and effects of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific imaging scenarios, as illustrated in fig. 5, 6, 7, and 8, by way of the accompanying drawings and specific examples. Some specific examples are given as examples, but the practical application and the protection scope of the present invention should not be limited by the examples.
Simulation example 1:
the target model is a cross-shaped metal object, is positioned on the array normal line and is 10m away from the center of the array, the aperture of the array is 2m multiplied by 2m, the unit interval is 1.7 lambda, and the frequency of the irradiated plane wave is 10 GHz. The method comprises the steps of firstly calculating a target scattered field received by an array by using electromagnetic field simulation software, and secondly writing a calculation program according to the method, and performing amplitude weighted imaging simulation, automatic focusing imaging simulation and fixed focusing imaging simulation respectively. Simulation results show that the rapid imaging method provided by the invention has a good imaging effect, and the effectiveness of the method is verified.
Simulation example 2:
the target models are cross-shaped metal objects and spherical metal objects, wherein the cross-shaped metal objects are positioned on the normal line of the array, the sphere is far away from the normal direction of the array, and the targets are all 10m away from the center of the array. The array aperture is 2m × 2m, the unit pitch is 1.7 λ, and the irradiation plane wave frequency is 10 GHz. The method comprises the steps of firstly calculating a target scattered field received by an array by using electromagnetic field simulation software, and secondly writing a calculation program according to the method of the invention to perform imaging simulation in different central visual angle directions. Simulation results show that the imaging method for changing the central visual angle direction has a good imaging effect, and the effectiveness of the imaging method is verified.
Simulation example 3:
the target is an ideal point source, the scattered signal intensity of the target is 0dB, the interference source is an ideal point source, the signal intensity of the interference source is 30dB, the antenna array is a circular array with the radius of 0.6m, and the distance between array units is half wavelength. The frequency is 10GHz, the object distance U of the target and the interference is 1km, and the distance between the target and the interference is 150 m. The method of the invention is used for compiling a calculation program and carrying out radar imaging simulation. Simulation results show that the rapid imaging method provided by the invention has a good imaging effect, and the effectiveness of the method is verified.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary hardware platform. With this understanding, the above embodiments can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (such as a CD-ROM, a usb disk, an EPROM, a removable hard disk, etc.) and includes instructions for causing a computer device (such as a personal computer, a server, or an embedded device) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above description is only intended to illustrate the basic technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing description, any person skilled in the art may modify, perfect, omit, or substitute some of the technical features mentioned above, and such modifications or substitutions are included in the scope of the present invention.
An arrayed imaging apparatus comprising:
the array imaging device comprises a receiving antenna array, a transmitting antenna, a digital receiver, a local oscillator, a transmitter, a signal processing system and a display control system.
The receiving antenna array is used for receiving a target scattered field, and can be composed of a real aperture array or a synthetic aperture array, wherein the real aperture array is formed by actually forming a plurality of antenna units, and the synthetic aperture array is formed by raster scanning a single antenna or linear scanning a one-dimensional linear array. The imaging speed of the real aperture array is high, the real-time performance is high, and the imaging time of the synthetic aperture array is greatly influenced by the scanning speed. The transmitting antenna is used for transmitting a radio frequency detection signal. The digital receiver is used to process the signals received by the array and to discretize them into digital signals. The local oscillator is used for generating a radio frequency coherent signal. The transmitter is used for amplifying the radio frequency signal to obtain a high-power radio frequency signal. The signal processing system is used for processing the array signals and realizing rapid imaging. The display control system is used for displaying imaging results, providing a human-computer interaction interface, synchronizing and controlling the system and the like.
The array imaging device comprises a plurality of functional states of wide-angle imaging, fixed-angle fine imaging, radar signal processing and the like.
The wide-angle imaging means that an imaging device can image a target in a wide-angle field range, and is used for realizing rapid target searching and detection. Fixed angle fine imaging may be used to achieve fine imaging of a specified angular region, typically to view target imaging details. The radar signal processing means that a working system similar to a radar is adopted, and Digital Beam Forming (DBF) is adopted to realize the detection of a target.
The array imaging device comprises the following working procedures:
the method comprises the following steps: initializing a system;
step two: transmitting a detection signal;
step three: receiving an echo signal;
step four: judging whether to perform wide-view imaging or not, if so, performing wide-view imaging processing, and if not, turning to the fifth step;
step five: judging whether the fixed-angle fine imaging is carried out, if so, turning to the next step, and if not, turning to the seventh step;
step six: judging whether a radar signal processing mode is carried out or not, if so, processing the radar signal, and if not, determining the angle to carry out fine imaging;
step seven: judging whether to re-image; if yes, turning to the fourth step, and if no, turning to the next step;
step eight: judging whether the process is finished, if yes, turning to the step two, and if not, turning to the next step;
step nine: and (6) ending.
The microwave array rapid imaging method comprises the following steps:
the microwave array fast imaging method includes the following main steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out on the time domain signals received by the array unit, and the time domain signals are converted into frequency domain signals;
step two: carrying out amplitude weighting on the array unit frequency domain signals;
step three: carrying out scanning phase weighting on the array unit frequency domain signals;
step four: carrying out focusing phase weighting on the array unit frequency domain signals;
step five: performing two-dimensional Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) on the frequency domain signals of the array unit;
step six: and (5) image inversion and display.
And adjusting the front and back sequence of the second step, the third step and the fourth step has no influence on imaging.
The array imaging device has the working flow of wide-angle imaging as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: performing FFT on the time domain echo signal of the array unit, and converting the time domain echo signal into a frequency domain signal;
step two: setting a proper cosine weighting parameter according to the image fidelity requirement, and carrying out amplitude weighting on the frequency domain signal;
step three: setting a proper scanning angle parameter corresponding to the central visual angle direction according to the requirement of the key observation direction, and carrying out scanning phase weighting on the signals after amplitude weighting;
step four: carrying out automatic focusing phase weighting or fixed focusing phase weighting on the signal after the scanning phase weighting according to whether the target distance information and the working state parameter exist;
step five: setting a proper IFFT point number parameter according to the field range parameter and the resolution requirement, and performing zero filling processing on the data after the focusing phase is weighted according to the requirement;
step six: performing two-dimensional IFFT on the array signal subjected to zero filling processing;
step seven: and processing the two-dimensional IFFT transformation result to invert the target image.
The array imaging device has the following working procedures of fixed-angle fine imaging:
the method comprises the following steps: performing FFT on the time domain echo signal of the array unit, and converting the time domain echo signal into a frequency domain signal;
step two: setting a proper cosine weighting parameter according to the image fidelity requirement, and carrying out amplitude weighting on the frequency domain signal;
step three: setting a proper scanning angle parameter corresponding to the central visual angle direction according to the requirement of the fine imaging direction, and carrying out scanning phase weighting on the signals after amplitude weighting;
step four: carrying out automatic focusing phase weighting or fixed focusing phase weighting on the signal after the scanning phase weighting according to whether the target distance information and the working state parameter exist;
step five: setting a larger IFFT point number parameter according to the field range parameter and the resolution requirement, and performing zero filling processing on the data after the focusing phase is weighted according to the requirement;
step six: performing two-dimensional IFFT on the array signal subjected to zero filling processing;
step seven: and processing the two-dimensional IFFT transformation result, and inverting the target image of the fine imaging area.
In the array imaging system, the phase shift calculation formula of the array unit is as follows:
where k is 2 pi/λ, λ is the wavelength, F is the focal length of the equivalent lens, R isLIs the array aperture radius and (x, y) is the coordinates of the array element.
In the case of thin lenses, the phase shift of the array elements can be calculated using the equivalent simplified equation:
in the array imaging system, the calculation formula of the propagation phase shift from the array unit to the image point is as follows:
where V is the image distance, i.e. the distance from the image plane to the plane where the array is located, (δ, σ) is the coordinates of the image point.
In the case of small angle imaging, i.e. with the image point near the axis, the propagation phase shift from array element to image point can be calculated using the equivalent simplified formula:
for an ideal array lens imaging system, the normalized image field is:
wherein,
is a field of an image,
m is the number of array elements in the x direction, N is the number of array elements in the y direction,
Δxis the x-direction array element pitch, ΔyIs the pitch of the array elements in the y-direction,
u is the object distance and ζ and ξ are the source coordinates.
For an ideal arrayed lens imaging system, when M, N is large enough, its normalized image field behaves as a two-dimensional impulse function, enabling sampling of the source fringe field. The actual M, N is always finite, with the radius of the central image spot being:
array imaging system, for an ideal point source target, the field angle (main lobe width) of its central image spot with respect to the center of the array is:
the array imaging system weights the amplitude and the phase of the array unit, and under the condition of small-angle imaging, an image field calculation formula is as follows:
wherein
For the object fringe field received by the array element, AmnIs a weighting coefficient for the array element amplitude,
in order to focus the phase weighting coefficients,
is a scanning phase weighting factor. V is the image distance, i.e. the distance from the image plane to the array plane.
Under the wide-view imaging condition, the image field calculation formula has larger errors, and the improved high-precision image field calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, ω isδ＝-kΔxsinθδ、ωσ＝-kΔysinθσ，ΔxIs the x-direction array element pitch, ΔyIs a y directionTo array cell pitch, θδ、θσRespectively, the scan angular coordinates of the image point relative to the center of the array.
The array imaging system can reduce the side lobe level by adopting amplitude weighting, but can cause the central image to be widened, and the image can have a fuzzy distortion phenomenon. One cosine weighting formula is:
where α is the minimum weight for the array edge. Within the range of alpha being more than 0.4 and less than 0.6, the level of the side lobe can be reduced by about 18-25 dB, and obvious image blurring does not occur. Within the range of 0 < alpha < 0.2, the sidelobe level can be reduced by about 30dB, but the image blurring phenomenon may occur. Alpha can be selected to be 0.05-0.2 when the requirement of image distortion is not high, and alpha can be selected to be 0.7-1 when the requirement of image fidelity is high.
The array imaging system can adjust the central visual angle direction of the imaging system through scanning phase weighting, and the phase calculation formula of the scanning phase weighting is as follows:
wherein,
the phase difference between the adjacent cells of the array in the x direction and the y direction respectively has the following calculation formula:
wherein, thetaζ、θξIs composed ofThe scanning angle coordinates of x and y directions when the direction of the central view angle points to the source coordinates (zeta, xi) are respectively calculated as:
the array imaging system performs focusing phase weighting on the array unit frequency domain signal by using an automatic focusing phase weighting or fixed focusing phase weighting method to realize imaging focusing, and the focusing phase calculation formula of the automatic focusing phase weighting is as follows:
the parameter U is obtained by a pulse ranging method or a continuous wave ranging method.
Fixed focus phase weighted focus phase phiFThe calculation formula is as follows:
the focal parameters F, F < U and F < V.
The array imaging system adopts an efficient parallel algorithm to perform fast imaging processing on frequency domain signals after the side degree and the phase weighting of an array unit, the efficient parallel algorithm comprises but is not limited to two-dimensional FFT, IFFT, non-uniform FFT and sparse FFT, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the symbols
Represents an efficient parallel algorithm function and is,
is a target scattered field received by the array unit, A is an array unit amplitude weighting coefficient, phiFFor focusing the phase weighting coefficients, [ phi ]sFor scanning phase weighting coefficients, omegaδ＝-kΔxsinθδ、ωσ＝-kΔysinθσ，θδ、θσRespectively, the scan angular coordinates of the image point relative to the center of the array.
ω corresponding to the image field calculation resultδ、ωσThe value range is as follows: omegaδ∈[0，2π]、ωσ∈[0，2π]After fftshift operation, the value of ω is calculatedδ、ωσThe value range is transformed into: omegaδ∈[-π，π]、ωσ∈[-π，π]The image at this time is an image conforming to the actual distribution:
the array imaging system is used for carrying out coordinate calculation on an image field obtained by the efficient parallel algorithm and carrying out coordinate inversion on the image field to obtain the distribution condition of a real target:
for the efficient parallel algorithm of the IFFT class, the calculation formula of the angular coordinate of the image field scanning is as follows:
for the FFT-like efficient parallel algorithm, the calculation formula of the image field scanning angle coordinate is as follows:
the rectangular coordinate calculation formula of the image is as follows:
δ＝Vtanθδ
σ＝Vtanθσ。
the coordinate inversion calculation formula of the real target is as follows:
the microwave array rapid imaging method is suitable for active phased array radar imaging, and realizes wide-view-angle real-time target detection:
if U is ∞, then phiFThe imaging formula suitable for the medium and long range active phased array radar is as follows:
with reference to fig. 9, an image field is calculated by using an efficient parallel algorithm, and a target distribution condition within a wide view angle range is obtained by one operation. The method can be used for wide-view-angle multi-target quick search of the phased array radar, and is particularly suitable for short-distance wide-view-field real-time detection systems such as a seeker and a fuse.
Selecting U ═ infinity, ωδ＝0、ωσWhen the target echo is equal to 0, the imaging calculation formula is degraded into a traditional active phased array radar target echo calculation formula:
the above formula can also be used for Digital Beam Forming (DBF). At the moment, the array imaging system is degraded into a traditional phased array radar system and can be used for searching and tracking a remote target.
Claims (10)
1. A microwave array rapid imaging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
based on a lens imaging principle, combining an electromagnetic field theory, weighting the amplitude and the phase of a unit signal according to a target scattering signal received by an antenna array, and adopting an efficient parallel algorithm to obtain image field distribution corresponding to a target;
and imaging calculation is carried out on the array receiving signals by using an efficient parallel algorithm, wide-view-angle, real-time and multi-target imaging and detection are realized, and the position and shape information of a target is obtained.
2. The method for microwave array fast imaging according to claim 1, comprising:
the method comprises the following steps: performing fast Fourier transform on the time domain signal received by the array unit, and converting the time domain signal into a frequency domain signal;
step two: carrying out amplitude weighting on the array unit frequency domain signals to reduce side lobe levels;
step three: carrying out scanning phase weighting on the array unit frequency domain signals to change the central visual angle direction of the imaging system;
step four: carrying out automatic focusing phase weighting or fixed focusing phase weighting on the array unit frequency domain signal to realize imaging focusing;
step five: carrying out fast imaging processing on the frequency domain signals of the array unit by adopting an efficient parallel algorithm;
step six: and resolving the image field coordinates, and inverting the image field to obtain the position and shape parameters of the real target.
3. The microwave array fast imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the image field distribution corresponding to the target by using the efficient parallel algorithm through the amplitude and phase weighting of the unit signals comprises:
under the condition of small-angle imaging, an image field is obtained after signal amplitude and phase of an array unit are weighted, and the method comprises the following steps:
respectively establishing a target coordinate system o-zeta xi z, an array coordinate system o-xyz and an image field coordinate system o-delta sigma z, wherein under the condition of small-angle imaging, an image field calculation formula is as follows:
wherein
For the object fringe field received by the array element, AmnIs a weighting coefficient for the array element amplitude,
for focusing phase weighting coefficients, [ phi ] smnFor scanning the phase weighting coefficients, M is the number of array elements in the x-direction, and N is the number of array elements in the y-direction, (x)m，yn) For the coordinates of the array unit, (δ, σ) is the coordinates of the image point, V is the image distance, i.e. the distance from the image plane to the array plane, k is 2 pi/λ, λ is the wavelength, and for an ideal point source target, the imaging angle resolution of the fast imaging method is as follows:
4. the microwave array fast imaging method according to claim 1, characterized in that under the wide view angle imaging condition, the high precision image field calculation formula is:
wherein, ω isδ＝-kΔxsinθδ、ωσ＝-kΔysinθσ，ΔxIs the x-direction array element pitch, ΔyIs the y-direction array cell pitch, θδ、θσRespectively, the scan angular coordinates of the image point relative to the center of the array.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the amplitude weighting method includes and is not limited to uniform distribution, cosine weighting, hamming window, Taylor distribution, chebyshev distribution, etc.
6. The microwave array fast imaging method according to claim 2, wherein in the central view direction of the scanning phase weighting adjustment imaging system, the phase calculation formula of the scanning phase weighting is as follows:
wherein,
the phase difference between the adjacent cells of the array in the x direction and the y direction respectively has the following calculation formula:
wherein, thetaζ、θξThe x and y scanning angle coordinates when the central visual angle direction points to the source coordinates (zeta, xi) are respectively calculated as follows:
7. the microwave array fast imaging method according to claim 2, wherein the fourth step comprises: the method comprises the following steps of utilizing an automatic focusing phase weighting method or a fixed focusing phase weighting method to carry out focusing phase weighting on the array unit frequency domain signal to realize imaging focusing, wherein the automatic focusing phase weighting focusing phase calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, U is the object distance, namely the distance from the plane of the scattering source to the plane of the array;
the fixed focus phase weighted focus phase calculation formula is:
wherein F is the focal length, and F is less than U, F and less than V.
8. The microwave array fast imaging method according to claim 2, wherein step five comprises: the method comprises the following steps of adopting an efficient parallel algorithm to carry out rapid imaging processing on frequency domain signals after the side degree and the phase weighting of an array unit, wherein the efficient parallel algorithm comprises but is not limited to two-dimensional FFT, IFFT, non-uniform FFT and sparse FFT, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the symbols
Represents an efficient parallel algorithm function and is,
is a target scattered field received by the array unit, A is an array unit amplitude weighting coefficient, phiFFor focusing the phase weighting coefficients, [ phi ]SFor scanning phase weighting coefficients, omegaδ＝-kΔxsinθδ、ωσ＝-kΔysinθσ，θδ、θσRespectively the scan angular coordinates of the image point relative to the center of the array,
ω corresponding to the image field calculation resultδ、ωσThe value range is as follows: omegaδ∈[0，2π]、ωσ∈[0，2π]After fftshift operation, the value of ω is calculatedδ、ωσThe value range is transformed into: omegaδ∈[-π，π]、ωσ∈[-π，π]The image at this time is an image conforming to the actual distribution:
9. the microwave array fast imaging method according to claim 2, wherein the sixth step comprises: carrying out coordinate calculation on an image field obtained by the efficient parallel algorithm, carrying out coordinate inversion on the image field, and obtaining the distribution condition of a real target, wherein for the IFFT type efficient parallel algorithm, the calculation formula of the scanning angle coordinate of the image field is as follows:
for the FFT-like efficient parallel algorithm, the calculation formula of the image field scanning angle coordinate is as follows:
the rectangular coordinate calculation formula of the image is as follows:
δ＝Vtanθδ
σ＝Vtanθσ；
the coordinate inversion calculation formula of the real target is as follows:
10. a microwave array rapid imaging method is characterized in that the rapid imaging method is used for active phased array radar imaging and realizes wide-view-angle real-time target detection, and comprises the following steps:
if U is ∞, then phiFThe imaging formula suitable for the medium and long range active phased array radar is as follows:
the image field is calculated by adopting the efficient parallel algorithm according to claim 8, and the distribution condition of the targets in the wide visual angle range is obtained through one operation.
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