CN113917224A - Overvoltage detection circuit and method - Google Patents
Overvoltage detection circuit and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113917224A CN113917224A CN202111331737.8A CN202111331737A CN113917224A CN 113917224 A CN113917224 A CN 113917224A CN 202111331737 A CN202111331737 A CN 202111331737A CN 113917224 A CN113917224 A CN 113917224A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
- G01R19/16576—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 comparing DC or AC voltage with one threshold
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an overvoltage detection circuit and method. Wherein, overvoltage detection circuitry includes: a comparison circuit for comparing the input first voltage with a preset voltage and determining whether to output a power supply voltage to the filter circuit based on the comparison result; the filter circuit is used for filtering the loaded power supply voltage and outputting stable power supply voltage to the control circuit; and the control circuit is used for enabling the light emitting diode in the control circuit to be conducted when the power supply voltage is loaded, so that the voltage overvoltage is prompted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of voltage overvoltage detection, in particular to an overvoltage detection circuit and method.
Background
Along with the rapid development of science and technology, new energy automobile begins to get into people's daily life in a large number, and automobile-used power supply can divide into forceful electric power supply and light current power supply, and power stability is crucial to automobile-used controller reliable work, and the power overvoltage can cause the damage of controller different degree, and the person of criticality will make the unable work of controller. The vehicle operation environment is abominable, and mains voltage fluctuation is great, and vehicle control unit VCU comprises various electronic components simultaneously, and electronic components can produce a lot of electromagnetic interference at the during operation, and power stability becomes the important prerequisite of VCU stable work. The over-high power supply voltage can cause the damage of components and parts of the controller and the damage of copper sheets of the circuit, and the irreversible damage occurs; the controller can not work due to too low voltage, and personal safety is seriously threatened. Therefore, how to detect the power supply voltage quickly and correctly, and ensure that the controller is not damaged due to overvoltage, and the problem of providing power supply stability becomes a key research problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem that voltage overvoltage cannot be detected, the embodiment of the invention provides an overvoltage detection circuit and method.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention is realized as follows:
an embodiment of the present invention provides an overvoltage detection circuit, including:
a comparison circuit for comparing the input first voltage with a preset voltage and determining whether to output a power supply voltage to the filter circuit based on the comparison result;
the filter circuit is used for filtering the loaded power supply voltage and outputting stable power supply voltage to the control circuit;
and the control circuit is used for enabling the light emitting diode in the control circuit to be conducted when the power supply voltage is loaded, so that the voltage overvoltage is prompted.
In the above scheme, the circuit further includes a voltage dividing circuit, and the voltage dividing circuit is configured to divide an input power voltage to output the first voltage.
In the above scheme, the voltage dividing circuit includes a series circuit composed of a first resistor and a second resistor, the power supply voltage is loaded at two ends of the series circuit, and the first voltage is output at two ends of the first resistor.
In the above scheme, the comparison circuit includes an operational amplifier, a non-inverting terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the first voltage, a inverting terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the preset voltage, a power supply terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the power supply voltage, a ground terminal of the operational amplifier is grounded, and an output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the filter circuit.
In the above scheme, the filter circuit includes a third resistor, one end of the third resistor is connected to the power supply voltage and the negative electrode of the first diode, the other end of the third resistor is connected to one end of the first capacitor, the positive electrode of the first diode, and the negative electrode of the zener diode, the other end of the first capacitor is grounded, the positive electrode of the zener diode is connected to one end of the fourth resistor and the base of the first triode, the other end of the fourth resistor is grounded, the collector of the first triode is connected to the power supply voltage, the emitter of the first triode is connected to one end of the fifth resistor and one end of the control circuit, and the other end of the fifth resistor is grounded.
In the above scheme, the control circuit includes the second triode, the base of the second triode and one end of the sixth resistor, the filter circuit is connected, the other end of the sixth resistor is grounded, the collector of the second triode is connected with one end of the relay coil, the emitter of the second triode is connected with one end of the seventh resistor, the other end of the seventh resistor is grounded, the other end of the relay coil is connected with the power supply voltage, one end of the relay contact is connected with the cathode of the light emitting diode, the other end of the relay contact is grounded, and the anode of the light emitting diode is connected with the power supply voltage.
In the above scheme, an eighth resistor is further connected between the anode of the light emitting diode and the power supply voltage.
In the above scheme, the resistance value of the eighth resistor is smaller than the resistance value of the load.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an overvoltage detection method, which comprises the following steps:
the comparison circuit compares the input first voltage with a preset voltage and determines whether to output a power supply voltage to the filter circuit based on the comparison result;
the filter circuit filters the loaded power supply voltage and outputs stable power supply voltage to the control circuit;
when the control circuit loads the power supply voltage, the light emitting diode in the control circuit is conducted, and therefore voltage overvoltage is prompted.
In the above scheme, the method further comprises:
the input power supply voltage is divided by a voltage dividing circuit to output a first voltage.
According to the overvoltage detection circuit and the overvoltage detection method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the comparison circuit compares the input first voltage with the preset voltage, and determines whether to output the power supply voltage to the filter circuit based on the comparison result; the filter circuit filters the loaded power supply voltage and outputs stable power supply voltage to the control circuit; when the control circuit loads the power supply voltage, the light emitting diode in the control circuit is conducted, and therefore voltage overvoltage is prompted. According to the scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the preset voltage is compared with the first voltage, when the first voltage is greater than or equal to the preset voltage, the comparison circuit inputs stable power supply voltage to the control circuit after filtering through the filter circuit, so that the light emitting diode in the power supply voltage emits light, and the voltage overvoltage is prompted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an overvoltage detection circuit according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another over-voltage detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a voltage over-voltage detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of an overvoltage detection method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the first and second … … are used herein to refer to elements at different positions only, and do not limit the parameters or functions of the elements.
In addition, the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention may be arbitrarily combined without conflict.
An overvoltage detection circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, includes:
a comparison circuit 11 for comparing the first voltage with a preset voltage and determining whether to output a power supply voltage to the filter circuit 12 based on the comparison result;
a filter circuit 12 for filtering the loaded power supply voltage and outputting a stable power supply voltage to the control circuit 13;
and the control circuit 13 is used for enabling the light emitting diode in the control circuit 13 to be conducted when the power supply voltage is loaded, so that the voltage overvoltage is indicated.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the first voltage may be a power supply voltage, and the power supply voltage may be provided by a power battery pack or may be provided by a storage battery. In practical applications, in order to implement a scheme that the voltage comparison can be performed by using a lower voltage, the voltage divider circuit 14 may divide the input power voltage, and compare the divided first voltage with a preset voltage to determine whether to output the power voltage to the filter circuit 12.
Referring to fig. 2, in an embodiment, the circuit further includes a voltage dividing circuit 14, where the voltage dividing circuit 14 is configured to divide an input power voltage to output a first voltage.
Illustratively, in an embodiment, the voltage dividing circuit includes a series circuit of a first resistor and a second resistor, the supply voltage is applied across the series circuit, and the first voltage is output across the first resistor.
Here, the voltage division of the power supply voltage is realized by means of a series resistor.
In practical application, the comparison circuit compares a first voltage with a preset voltage, and outputs a high level to the filter circuit when the first voltage is greater than or equal to the preset voltage; and when the first voltage is less than the preset voltage, outputting a low level to the filter circuit.
Illustratively, in an embodiment, the comparison circuit includes an operational amplifier, a non-inverting terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the first voltage, an inverting terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the preset voltage, a power supply terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the power supply voltage, a ground terminal of the operational amplifier is grounded, and an output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the filter circuit.
Specifically, when the first voltage input by the inverting terminal of the operational amplifier is greater than or equal to the preset voltage input by the inverting terminal of the operational amplifier, the output terminal of the operational amplifier outputs a high level. When the first voltage input by the homodromous end of the operational amplifier is smaller than the preset voltage input by the inverting end of the operational amplifier, the output end of the operational amplifier outputs low level.
Further, in an embodiment, the filter circuit includes a third resistor, one end of the third resistor is connected to the power supply voltage and the negative electrode of the first diode, the other end of the third resistor is connected to one end of the first capacitor, the positive electrode of the first diode and the negative electrode of the zener diode, the other end of the first capacitor is grounded, the positive electrode of the zener diode is connected to one end of the fourth resistor and the base of the first triode, the other end of the fourth resistor is grounded, the collector of the first triode is connected to the power supply voltage, the emitter of the first triode is connected to one end of the fifth resistor and one end of the control circuit, and the other end of the fifth resistor is grounded.
In practical application, the filter circuit can filter interference signals and is used for protecting various functions of the controller to be normal.
In addition, the filter circuit has a time delay function, interference signals with the time being lower than the charging time can be filtered by controlling the charging time, and effective signals with the time being higher than the charging time can normally pass through the filter circuit.
Further, in an embodiment, the control circuit includes a second triode, a base of the second triode is connected to one end of a sixth resistor and the filter circuit, the other end of the sixth resistor is grounded, a collector of the second triode is connected to one end of a relay coil, an emitter of the second triode is connected to one end of a seventh resistor, the other end of the seventh resistor is grounded, the other end of the relay coil is connected to the power voltage, one end of a relay contact is connected to a cathode of the light emitting diode, the other end of the relay contact is grounded, and an anode of the light emitting diode is connected to the power voltage.
In practical application, when the filter circuit inputs a high level to the control circuit, the second triode is conducted, so that the relay in the control circuit is attracted, the light-emitting diode is led to emit light, and the voltage overvoltage is prompted.
Further, in an embodiment, an eighth resistor is further connected between the anode of the light emitting diode and the power supply voltage.
In practical applications, the resistance value of the eighth resistor may be much smaller than that of the load.
When the resistance of the eighth resistor is far smaller than the resistance of the load, most of the current in the circuit flows to the circuit where the eighth resistor is located, so that the load end is protected from overcurrent, and the load end is protected from overcurrent damage.
According to the overvoltage detection circuit and the overvoltage detection method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the comparison circuit compares the input first voltage with the preset voltage, and determines whether to output the power supply voltage to the filter circuit based on the comparison result; the filter circuit filters the loaded power supply voltage and outputs stable power supply voltage to the control circuit; when the control circuit loads the power supply voltage, the light emitting diode in the control circuit is conducted, and therefore voltage overvoltage is prompted. According to the scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the preset voltage is compared with the first voltage, when the first voltage is greater than or equal to the preset voltage, the comparison circuit inputs stable power supply voltage to the control circuit after filtering through the filter circuit, so that the light emitting diode in the power supply voltage emits light, and the voltage overvoltage is prompted.
Hereinafter, the present application will be described in further detail with reference to application examples.
This embodiment seriously influences vehicle control unit VCU reliable work to vehicle power supply stability, the excessive pressure all can cause the controller to appear the damage of different degree, serious person will make the unable normal work of controller, the unable condition of moving of vehicle, it is simple to provide a circuit, the response is rapid, with low costs, reliable performance's mains voltage detects protection design circuit, this circuit can detect mains voltage excessive pressure, can cut off the load when the power is excessive pressure simultaneously, the protection controller is not damaged by the excessive pressure, improve power stability greatly.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a specific application example of the present solution. The whole circuit can be divided into four parts, namely a voltage division circuit, a comparison circuit, a delay circuit (also called a filter circuit, which can be understood as the filter circuit in the above embodiments) and a control circuit. The voltage dividing circuit is used for dividing the voltage of a power supply, the comparison circuit is used for detecting the amplitude of the voltage of the power supply, the delay circuit is used for filtering interference signals, and the control circuit is used for protecting each function of the controller to be normal. Vcc is a battery voltage, which may be 12V or 24V, and divides the voltage through a resistor R1 and a resistor R2 and connects the divided voltage signal to the non-inverting terminal of the operational amplifier a, and the inverting terminal is a reference voltage VF (which may also be understood as a preset voltage in the above embodiment), when the non-inverting terminal voltage is higher than the inverting terminal voltage, the operational amplifier a outputs a high level signal, otherwise, the operational amplifier a outputs a low level signal; the control signal output by the operational amplifier A is filtered by the delay circuit, the control signal charges the capacitor C1 by the R3, and the interference signal with the time lower than the charging time is filtered by controlling the charging time, so that only the effective driving signal can normally pass through the capacitor. The diode D1 functions to discharge the capacitor C1 quickly, thereby achieving an accurate delay time, which is calculated by the following equation (1).
Wherein, R is a resistance value of R3, C is a capacitance value of C1, V1 is a power voltage, V0 is an initial time voltage of the capacitor C1, and Vt is a time voltage of charging t of the capacitor C1.
In addition, D2 in fig. 3 is a voltage regulator, when the charging voltage of the capacitor C1 is greater than the stable voltage value of D2, the driving transistor Q1 is turned on, the output signal VQ is suddenly changed from low level to high level, the capacitor charging time is the delay time, and the high-frequency interference signal can be filtered. When the signal VQ is at a high level, the transistor Q2 is driven to be turned on, the relay is closed, the light emitting diode D3 is bright, and the bus voltage is over-voltage. In addition, because the resistor R8 is far smaller than the analog load R9, after the relay is pulled in, most of the current in the circuit flows to the resistor R8, the rear-end load R9 is protected from overcurrent, and therefore the rear-end circuit is protected from overcurrent damage.
In addition, in combination with the above circuit structure diagram, the following explains the present solution by a specific example:
assuming that VCC is 12V, R1 is 1K, R2 is 3K, R3 is 50K, C1 is 100uF, and VF is 12V, VCC is divided by a voltage dividing resistor so that the non-inverting terminal voltage of the operational amplifier a is 9V, and the non-inverting terminal voltage is smaller than the inverting terminal voltage, and then the operational amplifier a outputs a low level. Due to the action of a voltage regulator tube in the delay circuit, the low level output by the comparator cannot drive the voltage regulator diode to be conducted, and further cannot drive the triodes Q1 and Q2 to be conducted, at the moment, the relay cannot be attracted, the light-emitting diode D3 is not lighted, and the power supply circuit works normally;
assuming that VCC is greater than or equal to 16V, R1 is 1K, R2 is 3K, R3 is 50K, C1 is 100uF, VF is 12V, and the voltage of the regulator tube is 2V, at this time, VCC is divided by a voltage dividing resistor, so that the voltage of the in-phase terminal of the operational amplifier a is greater than or equal to 12V, and the voltage of the in-phase terminal is greater than or equal to the voltage of the reverse terminal, and at this time, the operational amplifier a outputs a high level. The output signal charges the capacitor C1 through the current limiting resistor R3, and the charging time is about 0.9S as determined by the formula (1). When the voltage of the capacitor C1 is greater than the voltage of the voltage regulator tube by 2V, the driving triode Q1 is conducted, the signal VQ is changed from low level to high level at the moment, then the relay is driven to suck, the light emitting diode D3 is bright, the voltage is too high, most of the load current flows through the R8 at the moment, and the problems that the current of the power supply capacitor is too large due to too high power supply voltage, the components are damaged and the like are solved.
That is, in the above embodiment, only the level signal with the amplitude larger than 16V and the duration larger than 0.9S can normally pass through the detection circuit, thereby ensuring the reliable operation of the load circuit.
This scheme can be fast, reliable detect bus voltage whether excessive pressure, can the filtering interference signal on the power cord, can avoid causing controller components and parts and circuit copper skin to damage because of bus voltage excessive pressure, can prevent to limit that the controller from causing the damage because of bus voltage is too high.
Based on the above embodiment, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an overvoltage detection method, as shown in fig. 4, the overvoltage detection method includes:
step 401: the comparison circuit compares the input first voltage with a preset voltage and determines whether to output a power supply voltage to the filter circuit based on the comparison result;
step 402: the filter circuit filters the loaded power supply voltage and outputs stable power supply voltage to the control circuit;
step 403: when the control circuit loads the power supply voltage, the light emitting diode in the control circuit is conducted, and therefore voltage overvoltage is prompted.
In an embodiment, the method further comprises:
the input power supply voltage is divided by a voltage dividing circuit to output a first voltage.
According to the overvoltage detection circuit and the overvoltage detection method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the comparison circuit compares the input first voltage with the preset voltage, and determines whether to output the power supply voltage to the filter circuit based on the comparison result; the filter circuit filters the loaded power supply voltage and outputs stable power supply voltage to the control circuit; when the control circuit loads the power supply voltage, the light emitting diode in the control circuit is conducted, and therefore voltage overvoltage is prompted. According to the scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the preset voltage is compared with the first voltage, when the first voltage is greater than or equal to the preset voltage, the comparison circuit inputs stable power supply voltage to the control circuit after filtering through the filter circuit, so that the light emitting diode in the power supply voltage emits light, and the voltage overvoltage is prompted.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An overvoltage detection circuit, comprising:
a comparison circuit for comparing the input first voltage with a preset voltage and determining whether to output a power supply voltage to the filter circuit based on the comparison result;
the filter circuit is used for filtering the loaded power supply voltage and outputting stable power supply voltage to the control circuit;
and the control circuit is used for enabling the light emitting diode in the control circuit to be conducted when the power supply voltage is loaded, so that the voltage overvoltage is prompted.
2. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising a voltage divider circuit for dividing an input power supply voltage to output the first voltage.
3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the voltage divider circuit comprises a series circuit of a first resistor and a second resistor, the supply voltage is applied across the series circuit, and the first voltage is output across the first resistor.
4. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the comparison circuit comprises an operational amplifier, a non-inverting terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the first voltage, an inverting terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the predetermined voltage, a power supply terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the power supply voltage, a ground terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to ground, and an output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the filter circuit.
5. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the filter circuit comprises a third resistor, one end of the third resistor is connected to the power voltage and a cathode of a first diode, the other end of the third resistor is connected to one end of a first capacitor, an anode of the first diode and a cathode of a zener diode, the other end of the first capacitor is grounded, an anode of the zener diode is connected to one end of a fourth resistor and a base of a first triode, the other end of the fourth resistor is grounded, a collector of the first triode is connected to the power voltage, an emitter of the first triode is connected to one end of a fifth resistor and one end of the control circuit, and the other end of the fifth resistor is grounded.
6. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the control circuit comprises a second transistor, a base of the second transistor is connected to one end of a sixth resistor and the filter circuit, the other end of the sixth resistor is grounded, a collector of the second transistor is connected to one end of a relay coil, an emitter of the second transistor is connected to one end of a seventh resistor, the other end of the seventh resistor is grounded, the other end of the relay coil is connected to the power supply voltage, one end of the relay contact is connected to a cathode of the light emitting diode, the other end of the relay contact is grounded, and an anode of the light emitting diode is connected to the power supply voltage.
7. The circuit of claim 6, wherein an eighth resistor is further connected between the anode of the light emitting diode and the power supply voltage.
8. The circuit of claim 7, wherein the resistance value of the eighth resistor is less than the resistance value of the load.
9. A method of overvoltage detection, the method comprising:
the comparison circuit compares the input first voltage with a preset voltage and determines whether to output a power supply voltage to the filter circuit based on the comparison result;
the filter circuit filters the loaded power supply voltage and outputs stable power supply voltage to the control circuit;
when the control circuit loads the power supply voltage, the light emitting diode in the control circuit is conducted, and therefore voltage overvoltage is prompted.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
the input power supply voltage is divided by a voltage dividing circuit to output a first voltage.
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| CN202111331737.8A CN113917224A (en) | 2021-11-10 | 2021-11-10 | Overvoltage detection circuit and method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111331737.8A CN113917224A (en) | 2021-11-10 | 2021-11-10 | Overvoltage detection circuit and method |
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| CN203761015U (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-08-06 | 浙江商业职业技术学院 | Electricity utilization protection circuit for students' dormitory |
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2021
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| WO2014146268A1 (en) * | 2013-03-20 | 2014-09-25 | Xiang Zhiyong | Overvoltage protection circuit and method |
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