CN113916725B - Experimental device and method for crude oil leakage diffusion similarity model of underwater pipeline - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for crude oil leakage diffusion similarity model of underwater pipeline Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 204
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Abstract
The invention relates to an experimental device and a method for a crude oil leakage diffusion similarity model of an underwater pipeline, wherein the experimental device comprises the following steps: the crude oil leakage control and monitoring system is characterized in that the output end of a gas source tank is sequentially connected with a driving pump, a buffer tank and a crude oil leakage releaser through pipelines, and the crude oil leakage releaser is connected with the top of the gas source tank through pipelines and is used for simulating the crude oil leakage diffusion condition of submarine pipelines under different working conditions; the water flow simulation system comprises an experimental water tank, and a crude oil leakage releaser is arranged in the experimental water tank and is used for simulating sea water flow characteristic parameters and movement tracks and diffusion characteristics of the submarine pipeline crude oil in water after the submarine pipeline crude oil is leaked under the leakage diffusion working condition; and the crude oil emission recovery system is respectively connected with the crude oil leakage control and monitoring system and the water flow simulation system and is used for recovering crude oil generated in the experimental process. The invention can simulate the migration behavior and morphological characteristics of the crude oil in water under different leakage diffusion conditions and provides data support for the quantitative risk evaluation work of submarine pipeline leakage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of marine petroleum and natural gas storage and transportation safety, in particular to an experimental device and method for a crude oil leakage diffusion similarity model of an underwater pipeline.
Background
Currently, offshore oil is an important direction for future oil exploitation. Subsea pipelines are the primary means of marine oil transportation. Due to the existence of various objective factors such as external force, internal and external corrosion, third party damage and the like, submarine pipelines are damaged, crude oil leakage accidents occur, and the marine oil leakage protection device is one of the most common accident types in the marine oil development process. The development of quantitative risk evaluation of crude oil leakage of submarine pipelines is one of important working contents for the safety evaluation and analysis of offshore oil. However, the leakage and diffusion process of the crude oil in the submarine pipeline is difficult to monitor and observe, and is influenced by a plurality of factors such as ocean current environment, so that unknown diffusion behavior of the leaked crude oil in the seawater is increased, the diffusion behavior prediction of the crude oil above the overflow sea surface is directly caused, and the leakage and diffusion behavior research of the crude oil in the real environment is difficult to develop due to the problems. Although the simulation research on the leakage and diffusion of the crude oil of the submarine pipeline can be carried out by means of numerical simulation, the accuracy of the simulation result is difficult to verify. Therefore, based on the problems, it is difficult to obtain valuable data to support the development of quantitative risk assessment of crude oil leakage of submarine pipelines.
According to the current research, the gas leakage diffusion of the underwater pipelines at home and abroad is mainly concentrated on the regular research of the ascending diffusion of gas plumes, the research of the concentration distribution of gas overflows from the water surface under the coupling action of different release working conditions and sea surface environmental wind, and the research of the formation of ignition and combustion phenomena. However, less research is conducted on the leakage and diffusion behavior of crude oil under different water flow rate conditions. The underwater gas phase pipeline leakage and diffusion experimental device in the prior art is used for evaluating the leakage quantity of the underwater gas pipeline, researching the diffusion process of gas in water environment and the water surface surge effect. However, the experimental conditions are relatively single, the control degree of the external environment is poor, and the research on the gas leakage diffusion rule under the water flow environment condition is not involved. The detection method and the detection device for the underwater gas leakage based on bubble acoustics in the prior art are mainly used for monitoring the underwater gas leakage and observing the movement behavior of the underwater gas leakage, and cannot observe and study the bubble behavior under the water flow condition. The experimental system for underwater gas leakage diffusion and combustion in the prior art is mainly used for the behavior rules of underwater gas leakage diffusion and flame combustion characteristics thereof under the conditions of different release rates, different release depths, different apertures, leakage positions and the like, but the experimental system cannot study the influence rules of different water flow rates on the gas diffusion behavior.
Therefore, the prior art has not fully studied the leakage and diffusion behaviors of underwater gas under different water flow rates. In addition, the technical content does not relate to how to perform similar scaling calculation on the leakage diffusion condition of the real submarine pipeline, namely, the research on a gas leakage diffusion similar model is not comprehensive.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide an experimental device and method for a crude oil leakage and diffusion similarity model of an underwater pipeline, which can simulate the migration behavior and morphological characteristics of crude oil in water under different leakage and diffusion conditions, provide data verification for the crude oil leakage numerical simulation of the submarine pipeline, and provide data support for the quantitative risk evaluation work of the submarine pipeline leakage.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: an experimental device for a crude oil leakage diffusion similarity model of an underwater pipeline, comprising: the crude oil leakage control and monitoring system comprises a gas source tank, wherein the output end of the gas source tank is sequentially connected with a driving pump, a buffer tank and a crude oil leakage releaser through pipelines, and the crude oil leakage releaser is connected with the top of the gas source tank through pipelines and is used for similarly simulating the leakage and diffusion conditions of crude oil in submarine pipelines under different working conditions; the crude oil leakage releaser is arranged in the experimental water tank and used for simulating the flow characteristic parameters of seawater and the movement track and the diffusion characteristics of the submarine pipeline crude oil in water after the submarine pipeline crude oil is leaked under the leakage diffusion working condition; and the crude oil emission recovery system is respectively connected with the crude oil leakage control and monitoring system and the water flow simulation system and is used for recovering crude oil generated in the experimental process.
Further, the crude oil leakage control and monitoring system further comprises:
the first control valve is arranged on a pipeline at the output end of the air source tank;
A second control valve disposed on a line between the surge tank and the crude oil leak releaser;
a third control valve and a fourth control valve, the third control valve and the fourth control valve being arranged in series on a pipeline between the crude oil leak releaser and the air source tank;
Maintaining the gas source tank in an unblocked state during crude oil delivery through the first control valve, the second control valve, the third control valve and the fourth control valve;
The two ends of the crude oil leakage releaser are also respectively provided with a first safety valve and a second safety valve; one end of the first safety valve is connected with one end of the crude oil leakage releaser, and one end of the second safety valve is connected with the other end of the crude oil leakage releaser; the other end of the first safety valve is connected with one end of a third safety valve and the second control valve respectively, and the other end of the second safety valve is connected with the other end of the third safety valve and the third control valve respectively.
Further, the crude oil leakage control and monitoring system further comprises a first pressure gauge, a first flowmeter, a second pressure gauge, a third pressure gauge, a first water flow velocity meter, a second water flow velocity meter and a wave velocity meter;
the first pressure gauge and the first flowmeter are arranged on a pipeline between the buffer tank and the second control valve and used for monitoring the pressure and the flow rate of crude oil;
The crude oil leakage releaser is characterized in that the crude oil leakage releaser is provided with a first water flow velocity meter, a second pressure meter, a second water flow velocity meter and a third pressure meter which are respectively connected in parallel, the direction and the speed of water flow in the experimental water tank are obtained through the first water flow velocity meter and the second water flow velocity meter, and crude oil pressure values of pipelines at the two ends of the crude oil leakage releaser are obtained through the second pressure meter and the third pressure meter;
the wave speed instrument is arranged on the crude oil leakage releaser in parallel through a pipeline and is used for acquiring wave parameters at the crude oil leakage releaser.
Further, the crude oil leakage control and monitoring system further comprises:
the high-speed camera is arranged outside the experimental water tank, is positioned on the same horizontal line with the crude oil leakage releaser, and is used for recording the leakage diffusion movement of crude oil in the water of the experimental water tank and obtaining a photo;
And the computer is connected with the driving pump, each control valve, the flowmeter, the pressure gauge, the water flow velocity meter and the wave velocity meter, and is used for receiving data transmitted by each component and controlling the working states of the driving pump and each control valve.
Further, the water flow simulation system comprises two first subsystems with symmetrical structures, wherein the two first subsystems are respectively positioned at the inlet and the outlet of the experimental water tank, and both the first subsystems comprise:
the two filters are arranged on the pipeline at the inlet or the outlet of the experimental water tank;
a circulation pump arranged in a pump tank between the two filters;
The first gate valve and the second gate valve are respectively arranged on a pipeline close to the outer side of the filter;
the two oil separation grids are arranged at intervals and are arranged at the inlet or the outlet of the experimental water tank close to the filter and between the filter and the experimental water tank;
the crude oil discharge port is arranged on a pipeline between the two oil separation grids;
The wave making plate is arranged in the experimental water tank and is positioned at two ends of the experimental water tank.
Further, the water flow simulation system further includes:
the first discharge gate valves are respectively arranged at two ends of the experimental water tank;
And the second discharge gate valve is arranged on a pipeline between the first subsystem at the inlet of the experimental water tank and the first subsystem at the outlet of the experimental water tank.
Further, the crude oil discharge recovery system includes two second subsystems having a symmetrical structure, and the two second subsystems are respectively disposed at two ends of the experimental water tank, and both the two second subsystems include:
the waste oil tank is used for recovering crude oil generated in the experimental process;
The first end of the first discharge valve is connected with the waste oil tank, and the second end of the first discharge valve is connected with the driving pump and the buffer tank respectively;
And the first end of the second relief valve is connected with a crude oil relief port in the water flow simulation system, and the second end of the second relief valve is connected with the waste oil tank.
An experimental method for a crude oil leakage diffusion similarity model of an underwater pipeline is realized based on the experimental device and comprises the following steps:
A pre-experiment debugging step for debugging the crude oil leakage control and monitoring system and the water flow simulation system and scaling the leakage submarine pipeline according to actual conditions;
Firstly, a first bleeder valve in a second subsystem is closed, and a first control valve, a second control valve, a third control valve and a fourth control valve are opened to keep the gas source tank in an unblocked state in crude oil transportation;
Regulating the two circulating pumps to drive the water in the experimental water tank to flow so as to form water flows with different flow rates and simulate the characteristic of seawater flow;
Adjusting each control valve and driving pump, and realizing leakage experiment through a pressure gauge, a flowmeter, a water flow meter, a wave velocity meter and a crude oil leakage releaser;
crude oil with different leakage quality is obtained by replacing the crude oil leakage releasers of different types to release crude oil under different working conditions, and crude oil with different leakage quality rates under different working conditions is simulated;
After the experiment is completed, the crude oil on the water surface is moved to a crude oil discharge port by utilizing the water flow and wave action in the experiment pool and matching with an oil separation grid, and a second discharge valve is opened to collect residual crude oil into a waste oil tank; and meanwhile, the numerical value of the first pressure gauge is observed, so that the value is ensured to be reduced below a safety value.
Further, before the experiment, the value difference between the first water flow velocity meter and the second water flow velocity meter is not more than 10% of the average value of the measured values, so as to ensure that the water flow velocity in the experiment pool is stable.
Further, the replacement of the different types of crude oil leak releaser includes:
firstly, opening a third safety valve, and closing the first safety valve and the second safety valve;
Suspending two circulating water pumps in the crude oil leakage control and monitoring system and the water flow simulation system, closing two first gates, and discharging water in the experimental water tank through two first discharge ports until the crude oil leakage releaser is exposed;
Suspending driving the pump, and discharging residual crude oil to the waste oil tank through two first discharge valves;
The needed crude oil leakage releaser is replaced, and the leakage direction, the angle and the size of the leakage opening are adjusted;
And closing the two first discharge gate valves, opening the two first gate valves to enable water in the experimental water tank to naturally flow until the water is in an equilibrium state, and then adding the water to the required water level in an outward transportation mode to restart the experiment.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
According to the invention, the behavior characteristics of crude oil in water after crude oil leakage of the submarine pipeline is simulated similarly, different leakage working conditions can be obtained by replacing the releaser, different sea currents are simulated by changing the water flow velocity in the simulation interval, so that the crude oil migration behavior and morphological characteristics in water under different leakage diffusion conditions are simulated, data verification is provided for the numerical simulation of crude oil leakage of the submarine pipeline, and data support is provided for quantitative risk evaluation of submarine pipeline leakage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of an experimental apparatus in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which are obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the invention, fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
The invention provides an experimental device and method for a crude oil leakage diffusion similarity model of an underwater pipeline, which mainly comprise a crude oil leakage control and monitoring system, a water flow simulation system and a crude oil emission recovery system. The crude oil leakage control and monitoring system can simulate the crude oil leakage and diffusion conditions of submarine pipelines under different working conditions similarly, and the water flow simulation system can simulate the sea water flow characteristic parameters. By combining the crude oil leakage control and monitoring system and the water flow simulation system through the similarity criteria, the motion trail and the diffusion characteristics of the submarine pipeline in water after crude oil leakage can be simulated under different flow rates, depths and leakage diffusion working conditions, and theoretical support is provided for developing the quantitative risk evaluation of the submarine pipeline crude oil leakage. The crude oil emission recovery system can discharge crude oil generated in the recovery experiment process, and prevent the environment from being polluted by leakage. The device reasonable in design, easy and simple to handle in the experimental process, safe and reliable, completion experiment that can be better expects the effect. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, there is provided an underwater pipeline crude oil leakage diffusion similarity model experiment apparatus, comprising:
The crude oil leakage control and monitoring system comprises a gas source tank 1, wherein the output end of the gas source tank 1 is sequentially connected with a driving pump 3, a buffer tank 4 and a crude oil leakage releaser 14 through pipelines, and the crude oil leakage releaser is connected with the top of the gas source tank 1 through pipelines and is used for simulating the leakage and diffusion conditions of crude oil in submarine pipelines under different working conditions;
The water flow simulation system comprises an experimental water tank 35, and a crude oil leakage releaser 14 is arranged in the experimental water tank 35 and is used for simulating the flow characteristic parameters of sea water and the movement track and the diffusion characteristics of the submarine pipeline crude oil in water after leakage under the leakage diffusion working condition;
and the crude oil emission recovery system is respectively connected with the crude oil leakage control and monitoring system and the water flow simulation system and is used for recovering crude oil generated in the experimental process.
In the above embodiment, the crude oil leakage control and monitoring system further includes:
the first control valve 2 is arranged on a pipeline of the output end of the air source tank 1;
a second control valve 7 provided on a line between the buffer tank 1 and the crude oil leak releaser 14;
A third control valve 15 and a fourth control valve 16, the third control valve 15 and the fourth control valve 16 being arranged in series on the line between the crude oil leak releaser 14 and the gas source tank 1;
The gas source tank 1 is kept in an unblocked state during crude oil transportation by the first control valve 2, the second control valve 7, the third control valve 15 and the fourth control valve 16.
In the above embodiment, the first relief valve 42 and the second relief valve 43 are also provided at both ends of the crude oil leak releaser 14, respectively. One end of the first safety valve 42 is connected to one end of the crude oil leakage releaser 14, and one end of the second safety valve 43 is connected to the other end of the crude oil leakage releaser 14; the other end of the first relief valve 42 is connected to one end of the third relief valve 44 and the second control valve 7, respectively, and the other end of the second relief valve 43 is connected to the other end of the third relief valve 44 and the third control valve 15, respectively.
In the above embodiment, the crude oil leakage control and monitoring system further includes the first pressure gauge 5, the first flowmeter 6, the second pressure gauge 9, the third pressure gauge 11, the first water flow rate gauge 8, the second water flow rate gauge 12, and the wave velocity gauge 10;
a first pressure gauge 5 and a first flowmeter 6 are arranged on a pipeline between the buffer tank 4 and the second control valve 7 and are used for monitoring the pressure and the flow rate of crude oil;
The two ends of the crude oil leakage releaser 14 are respectively provided with a first water flow velocity meter 8, a second pressure meter 9, a second water flow velocity meter 12 and a third pressure meter 11 in parallel, the direction and the speed of water flow in the experimental water tank 35 are obtained through the first water flow velocity meter 8 and the second water flow velocity meter 12, and the crude oil pressure values of pipelines at the two ends of the crude oil leakage releaser 14 are obtained through the second pressure meter 9 and the third pressure meter 11;
the wave velocity meter 10 is arranged on the crude oil leakage releaser 14 in parallel through a pipeline and is used for acquiring wave parameters at the crude oil leakage releaser 14.
In the above embodiment, the crude oil leakage control and monitoring system further includes:
the high-speed camera 13 is arranged outside the experimental water tank 35 and positioned on the same horizontal line with the crude oil leakage releaser 14, and is used for recording the leakage diffusion movement of crude oil in the water of the experimental water tank 35 and obtaining a photo;
The computer 17 is connected with the driving pump 3, the control valves 2, 7, 15 and 16, the flowmeter 6, the pressure gauges 5, 9 and 11, the water flow velocity meters 8 and 12 and the wave velocity meter 10, and is used for receiving data transmitted by the components and controlling the working states of the driving pump 3 and the control valves 2, 7, 15 and 16.
In the above embodiment, the water flow simulation system includes two first subsystems having symmetrical structures, and the two first subsystems are respectively located at the inlet and the outlet of the test water tank 35, and both the first subsystems include:
filters 18 (25) which are arranged in two and are arranged on the pipeline at the inlet or the outlet of the experiment water tank 35;
a circulation pump 19 (24) disposed in the pump tank between the two filters 18;
A first gate valve 20 (26) and a second gate valve 21 (23) respectively provided on the pipelines near the outside of the filter 18 (25);
The oil separation grids 27 (33) are arranged in two, are arranged at intervals and are close to the inlet or the outlet of the experimental water tank 35, and are positioned between the filter 18 (25) and the experimental water tank 35;
A crude oil drain 28 provided in a pipeline between the two oil barriers 27 (33);
the wave making plate 30 is arranged in the experimental water tank 35 and positioned at two ends of the experimental water tank 35.
In the above embodiment, the water flow simulation system further includes:
the first discharge gate valves 29 are respectively arranged at two ends of the experiment water tank 35;
A second drain gate valve 22 is disposed on the line between the inlet first subsystem and the outlet first subsystem of the test pool 35.
In the above embodiment, the crude oil discharge recovery system includes two second subsystems having a symmetrical structure, and the two second subsystems are respectively disposed at two ends of the experimental water tank, and both the two second subsystems include:
a waste oil tank 38 (41) for recovering crude oil generated during the experiment;
A first drain valve 36 having a first end connected to the waste tank 38 (41) and a second end connected to the drive pump 3 and the buffer tank 4, respectively;
A second bleed valve 37 having a first end connected to the crude oil bleed port 34 (28) in the water flow simulation system and a second end connected to the waste tank 38 (41).
In an embodiment of the present invention, an experimental method for a crude oil leakage and diffusion similarity model of an underwater pipeline is provided, and the method is implemented based on the experimental device for the crude oil leakage and diffusion similarity model of the underwater pipeline in the above embodiments, and includes the following steps:
1) The pre-experiment debugging step is used for debugging the crude oil leakage control and monitoring system and the water flow simulation system and scaling the leakage submarine pipeline according to actual conditions;
The method comprises the following steps: before the experiment is carried out, the water flow simulation system must be debugged and commissioned. Before the water addition, the second drain gate valve 22, the first drain gate valves 29 and 32 are closed, the crude oil drain port 34 (28) is closed, the gate first gate valves 20, 26 and the second gate valves 21, 23 are opened, and the circulation pumps 19 and 24 are placed in the pump tanks.
By way of the external transmission, water is added into the experiment water tank 35, and when the water reaches a predetermined water level, water addition is stopped. The circulation pump 19 or 24 is started, and the water flow condition in the simulation experiment water tank 35 is observed. Meanwhile, the crude oil leakage control and the debugging and the test operation of the monitoring system are synchronously carried out.
Before experiments are performed, the crude oil leakage system must be commissioned and commissioned. During the release of the crude oil leakage, the crude oil is driven to flow by driving the pump 3, and a stable pressure and flow rate are obtained by the buffer tank 4.
The first, second and third relief valves 42, 43 and 44 are opened, the crude oil pressure can be monitored by the first pressure gauge 5, the flow rate of crude oil in the pipeline can be obtained by the first flow gauge 6, and it is determined whether it is a steady flow rate.
The leakage and diffusion movement of crude oil in water was recorded by the high-speed camera 13, and a clear photograph was taken.
The direction and the speed of the water flow in the experimental water tank 35 are obtained through the first water flow velocity meter 8 and the second water flow velocity meter 12.
And obtaining the crude oil pressure values of the pipelines at the two ends of the crude oil leakage releaser 14 through the second pressure gauge 9 and the third pressure gauge 11.
Waves were generated in the test pool 35 by the wave making plate 30 and wave parameters were obtained at the leak point (i.e., at the crude oil leak releaser 14) by the wave speed meter 10.
After ensuring that the meters work normally and the data are normal, the party can start the experiment of the next step.
2) During the experiment, first, the first bleeder valves 36 and 40 in the second subsystem were closed, and the first control valve 2, the second control valve 7, the third control valve 15 and the fourth control valve 16 were opened to keep the gas source tank 1 in an unblocked state during crude oil transportation.
3) During the experiment, the adjustable circulating pumps 19 and 24 drive the water in the experiment water tank 35 to flow so as to form water flows with different flow rates. After entering the simulation area of the test pond 35, the water flows form stable water flows with different flow rates so as to simulate the characteristics of seawater flow. The water flow rate in the simulation interval is obtained through the water flow velocity meter 8 (12), before the experiment, it is also noted that the values of the first water flow velocity meter 8 and the second water flow velocity meter 12 are observed, and the difference between the values of the two water flow velocity meters is required to be ensured not to exceed 10% of the average value of the measured values, so as to ensure that the water flow velocity in the experiment pool 35 is stable, and then the leakage experiment can be performed.
4) Adjusting each control valve and driving the pump 3, and realizing leakage experiment through a pressure gauge, a flowmeter, a water flow meter, a wave speed meter and a crude oil leakage releaser 14;
In the experimental process, the crude oil leakage releaser 14 is also required to be installed, and the method comprises the following steps: first, the first relief valve 42 and the second relief valve 43 are closed, the third relief valve 44 is opened, and the crude oil leak releaser 14 is mounted and adjusted to a predetermined leak angle. Then, the first safety valve 42 and the second safety valve 43 are opened, the second relief valve 37 is closed, and after the values of the second pressure gauge 9 and the third pressure gauge 11 are stabilized, stable flow is obtained.
5) The crude oil leakage releaser 14 has different leakage calibers and directions, and crude oil under different working conditions can be released by installing the different types of crude oil leakage releaser 14, crude oil with different leakage quality can be obtained, and crude oil with different leakage quality rates under different working conditions can be simulated.
6) After the experiment was completed, the third relief valve 44 was opened and the first relief valve 42 and the second relief valve 43 were closed. The crude oil on the water surface is moved to crude oil discharge ports 28 and 34 by utilizing the water flow and wave action in an experimental water pool 35 and matching with oil separation grids 27 and 33, and a second discharge valve 39 or 37 is opened to collect residual crude oil into a waste oil tank 38 (41) for further treatment; at the same time, the value of the first pressure gauge 5 is observed, ensuring that it falls below a safe value.
In the above embodiment, it is noted that the values of the second pressure gauge 9 and the third pressure gauge 11 are observed during the experiment, and the leakage experiment can be considered to be effective when the absolute value of the difference between the values is not more than 10% of the average value of the two measurements.
In the above embodiment, when the crude oil leak releaser 14 of a different type needs to be replaced, the third safety valve 44 is opened first, the first safety valve 42 and the second safety valve 42 are closed, and the water in the test tank 35 needs to be drained and replaced. The method comprises the following steps:
The crude oil leakage control and monitoring system is first suspended, and then the circulating water pumps 19 and 24 in the water flow simulation system are suspended. First gates 20 and 26 are closed. The water in the test pool 35 is drained through the first drain ports 32 and 29 until the crude oil leak releaser 14 is exposed.
The driving of the pump 3 is first suspended, the power supply is turned off, residual crude oil is discharged to the waste oil tanks 38 and 41 through the first discharge valves 36 and 40, and the value of the first pressure gauge 5 is mainly observed, so that the value is ensured to be reduced below a safety value. The crude oil on the water surface is moved to the crude oil discharge ports 28 and 34 by utilizing the water flow and wave action in the experimental water tank 35 and matching the oil separation grids 27 and 33, the second discharge valve 39 or 37 is opened, and the residual crude oil is collected into the waste oil tanks 38 and 41 for further treatment.
The release 14 is replaced as needed to adjust its leak direction, angle and leak size.
First gate valves 32 and 29 are closed, first gate valves 20 and 26 are opened, and water in test pool 35 is allowed to naturally flow until equilibrium. The experiment was then restarted by adding water to the desired water level by way of an infusion.
In each of the above embodiments, before the experiment, the gate valve was closed, the water pump was installed at a designated position, and the gate valve was opened. The drain valve is closed, water is pumped into the test water tank 35 from the outside, and when the water level in the test water tank 35 reaches the requirement, the water pumping is stopped.
After the experiment is completed, the gate valve is closed first, and the circulating pump is taken out. And opening the gate valve, closing the gate valve of the simulation area, opening the discharge port, releasing water in the water tank, and then releasing water in the simulation area.
In each of the above embodiments, in step 1), the leaking submarine pipeline is scaled according to the actual situation, specifically: due to the limitations of the sizes of the water tanks and the water pools in the laboratory, before the crude oil leakage diffusion similarity model experiment is carried out, the sizes of the leakage submarine pipelines and experimental parameters need to be scaled differently according to actual conditions and similarity criteria. According to geometric similarity in a similarity principle, the original model is required to be scaled by geometric dimension, the scaling scale is lambda, other physical parameters in the experimental process are converted by referring to Froude number (F r) similarity criterion numbers, and the model scale relationship of each physical parameter is as follows:
λ＝lp/lm
λt＝λ1/2
λH＝λ
λT＝λ1/2
λu＝λ1/2
λQ＝λ5/2
Wherein: lambda is the geometric scale of the model; l p is the prototype length; l m is the model length; lambda t is a time scale; lambda H is wave height scale; lambda T is a wave period scale; lambda u is a speed scale and lambda Q is a flow scale.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An experimental device for a crude oil leakage diffusion similarity model of an underwater pipeline, which is characterized by comprising:
the crude oil leakage control and monitoring system comprises a gas source tank, wherein the output end of the gas source tank is sequentially connected with a driving pump, a buffer tank and a crude oil leakage releaser through pipelines, and the crude oil leakage releaser is connected with the top of the gas source tank through pipelines and is used for similarly simulating the leakage and diffusion conditions of crude oil in submarine pipelines under different working conditions;
The crude oil leakage releaser is arranged in the experimental water tank and used for simulating the flow characteristic parameters of seawater and the movement track and the diffusion characteristics of the submarine pipeline crude oil in water after the submarine pipeline crude oil is leaked under the leakage diffusion working condition;
the crude oil emission recovery system is respectively connected with the crude oil leakage control and monitoring system and the water flow simulation system and is used for recovering crude oil generated in the experimental process;
The water flow simulation system comprises two first subsystems with symmetrical structures, wherein the two first subsystems are respectively positioned at the inlet and the outlet of the experimental water tank, and both the first subsystems comprise:
the two filters are arranged on the pipeline at the inlet or the outlet of the experimental water tank;
a circulation pump arranged in a pump tank between the two filters;
The first gate valve and the second gate valve are respectively arranged on a pipeline close to the outer side of the filter;
the two oil separation grids are arranged at intervals and are arranged at the inlet or the outlet of the experimental water tank close to the filter and between the filter and the experimental water tank;
the crude oil discharge port is arranged on a pipeline between the two oil separation grids;
The wave making plate is arranged in the experimental water tank and is positioned at two ends of the experimental water tank.
2. The experimental set-up of claim 1, wherein said crude oil leak control and monitoring system further comprises:
the first control valve is arranged on a pipeline at the output end of the air source tank;
A second control valve disposed on a line between the surge tank and the crude oil leak releaser;
a third control valve and a fourth control valve, the third control valve and the fourth control valve being arranged in series on a pipeline between the crude oil leak releaser and the air source tank;
Maintaining the gas source tank in an unblocked state during crude oil delivery through the first control valve, the second control valve, the third control valve and the fourth control valve;
The two ends of the crude oil leakage releaser are also respectively provided with a first safety valve and a second safety valve; one end of the first safety valve is connected with one end of the crude oil leakage releaser, and one end of the second safety valve is connected with the other end of the crude oil leakage releaser; the other end of the first safety valve is connected with one end of a third safety valve and the second control valve respectively, and the other end of the second safety valve is connected with the other end of the third safety valve and the third control valve respectively.
3. The experimental setup of claim 2, wherein the crude oil leak control and monitoring system further comprises a first pressure gauge, a first flow gauge, a second pressure gauge, a third pressure gauge, a first water flow rate gauge, a second water flow rate gauge, and a wave speed gauge;
the first pressure gauge and the first flowmeter are arranged on a pipeline between the buffer tank and the second control valve and used for monitoring the pressure and the flow rate of crude oil;
The crude oil leakage releaser is characterized in that the crude oil leakage releaser is provided with a first water flow velocity meter, a second pressure meter, a second water flow velocity meter and a third pressure meter which are respectively connected in parallel, the direction and the speed of water flow in the experimental water tank are obtained through the first water flow velocity meter and the second water flow velocity meter, and crude oil pressure values of pipelines at the two ends of the crude oil leakage releaser are obtained through the second pressure meter and the third pressure meter;
the wave speed instrument is arranged on the crude oil leakage releaser in parallel through a pipeline and is used for acquiring wave parameters at the crude oil leakage releaser.
4. The experimental set-up of claim 1, wherein said crude oil leak control and monitoring system further comprises:
the high-speed camera is arranged outside the experimental water tank, is positioned on the same horizontal line with the crude oil leakage releaser, and is used for recording the leakage diffusion movement of crude oil in the water of the experimental water tank and obtaining a photo;
And the computer is connected with the driving pump, each control valve, the flowmeter, the pressure gauge, the water flow velocity meter and the wave velocity meter, and is used for receiving data transmitted by each component and controlling the working states of the driving pump and each control valve.
5. The experimental set-up of claim 1, wherein said water flow simulation system further comprises:
the first discharge gate valves are respectively arranged at two ends of the experimental water tank;
And the second discharge gate valve is arranged on a pipeline between the first subsystem at the inlet of the experimental water tank and the first subsystem at the outlet of the experimental water tank.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the crude oil discharge recovery system comprises two second subsystems having a symmetrical structure, the two second subsystems being disposed at both ends of the test pool, respectively, each comprising:
the waste oil tank is used for recovering crude oil generated in the experimental process;
The first end of the first discharge valve is connected with the waste oil tank, and the second end of the first discharge valve is connected with the driving pump and the buffer tank respectively;
And the first end of the second relief valve is connected with a crude oil relief port in the water flow simulation system, and the second end of the second relief valve is connected with the waste oil tank.
7. An experimental method of a crude oil leakage diffusion similarity model of an underwater pipeline, which is realized based on the experimental device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, and comprises the following steps:
A pre-experiment debugging step for debugging the crude oil leakage control and monitoring system and the water flow simulation system and scaling the leakage submarine pipeline according to actual conditions;
Firstly, a first bleeder valve in a second subsystem is closed, and a first control valve, a second control valve, a third control valve and a fourth control valve are opened to keep the gas source tank in an unblocked state in crude oil transportation;
Regulating the two circulating pumps to drive the water in the experimental water tank to flow so as to form water flows with different flow rates and simulate the characteristic of seawater flow;
Adjusting each control valve and driving pump, and realizing leakage experiment through a pressure gauge, a flowmeter, a water flow meter, a wave velocity meter and a crude oil leakage releaser;
crude oil with different leakage quality is obtained by replacing the crude oil leakage releasers of different types to release crude oil under different working conditions, and crude oil with different leakage quality rates under different working conditions is simulated;
After the experiment is completed, the crude oil on the water surface is moved to a crude oil discharge port by utilizing the water flow and wave action in the experiment pool and matching with an oil separation grid, and a second discharge valve is opened to collect residual crude oil into a waste oil tank; and meanwhile, the numerical value of the first pressure gauge is observed, so that the value is ensured to be reduced below a safety value.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the difference between the values of the first water flow rate meter and the second water flow rate meter is no more than 10% of the average of the measured values prior to the experiment to ensure that the water flow rate in the test pond is stable.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the replacing a different type of crude oil leak releaser comprises:
firstly, opening a third safety valve, and closing the first safety valve and the second safety valve;
Suspending two circulating water pumps in the crude oil leakage control and monitoring system and the water flow simulation system, closing two first gates, and discharging water in the experimental water tank through two first discharge ports until the crude oil leakage releaser is exposed;
Suspending driving the pump, and discharging residual crude oil to the waste oil tank through two first discharge valves;
The needed crude oil leakage releaser is replaced, and the leakage direction, the angle and the size of the leakage opening are adjusted;
And closing the two first discharge gate valves, opening the two first gate valves to enable water in the experimental water tank to naturally flow until the water is in an equilibrium state, and then adding the water to the required water level in an outward transportation mode to restart the experiment.
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| CN202111148476.6A CN113916725B (en) | 2021-09-27 | Experimental device and method for crude oil leakage diffusion similarity model of underwater pipeline |
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| CN202111148476.6A CN113916725B (en) | 2021-09-27 | Experimental device and method for crude oil leakage diffusion similarity model of underwater pipeline |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104318845A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-01-28 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Device and method for simulating abyssal region underwater oil spillage |
| CN110044581A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-07-23 | 常州大学 | It is a kind of for studying the non-intervention type experimental provision of underwater gas bubble oil |
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104318845A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-01-28 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Device and method for simulating abyssal region underwater oil spillage |
| CN110044581A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-07-23 | 常州大学 | It is a kind of for studying the non-intervention type experimental provision of underwater gas bubble oil |
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