CN113916507B - Device and method for testing infrared common aperture optical system with small space and high integration level - Google Patents
Device and method for testing infrared common aperture optical system with small space and high integration level Download PDFInfo
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- CN113916507B CN113916507B CN202111179708.4A CN202111179708A CN113916507B CN 113916507 B CN113916507 B CN 113916507B CN 202111179708 A CN202111179708 A CN 202111179708A CN 113916507 B CN113916507 B CN 113916507B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 title description 10
- 238000003331 infrared imaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
Abstract
The invention relates to a small-space high-integration infrared common aperture optical system testing device and a method, wherein the device comprises the following components: the device comprises a collimator, a fixing module, a theodolite, an infrared imaging module and a data processing module; the collimator is used for providing infrared parallel light and is provided with a target; the fixing module is used for setting an optical system to be tested; the theodolite is used for calibrating the coaxiality of the collimator and the optical system; the infrared imaging module is used for acquiring an infrared image of the target at the optical focal plane position of the optical system; the data processing module is used for calculating the focal length of the optical system according to the infrared image acquired by the infrared imaging module, the size of the target and the focal length of the collimator. The invention can finish the test of the optical index with higher precision under the condition of using as few basic instruments and equipment as possible.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of infrared optics, in particular to a device and a method for testing an infrared common-aperture optical system with small space and high integration level.
Background
The infrared common-aperture foldback optical system is different from the transmission optical system, the optical path is complex, especially the medium-long wave infrared common-aperture foldback optical system with small space and high integration level, and in the related index test process, the common test instrument cannot be adapted to the system and is difficult to complete the related test due to the constraint of the space size and other conditions of the optical system. Therefore, in order to address the above-mentioned drawbacks, it is necessary to provide an index test technique suitable for a small-space high-integration infrared common-aperture folded optical system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at providing an index testing device and method suitable for an infrared common-aperture foldback optical system with small space and high integration level aiming at least one part of the defects.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a small-space high-integration infrared common aperture optical system testing device, comprising:
a collimator for providing infrared collimated light and provided with a target;
the fixing module is used for setting an optical system to be tested;
the theodolite is used for calibrating the collimator to be coaxial with the optical system;
an infrared imaging module for acquiring an infrared image of the target at an optical focal plane position of the optical system;
and the data processing module is used for calculating the focal length of the optical system according to the infrared image acquired by the infrared imaging module, the size of the target and the focal length of the collimator.
Optionally, the small-space high-integration infrared common aperture optical system testing device further comprises a two-dimensional turntable;
the two-dimensional turntable is used for bearing the fixed module so as to regulate and control the position of the optical system and measure the angle information of the two-dimensional turntable;
the data processing module is also used for calculating the field of view of the optical system according to the infrared images acquired by the infrared imaging module at different positions of the optical system.
Optionally, the target is circular or cross-shaped.
Optionally, the infrared imaging module is an infrared imaging core, and the infrared imaging core is connected with the industrial personal computer.
Optionally, the fixing module comprises a fixing tool and a trimming frame.
The invention also provides a method for testing the small-space high-integration infrared common-aperture optical system, which is realized by adopting the device for testing the small-space high-integration infrared common-aperture optical system, and comprises the following steps:
setting the small-space high-integration infrared common-aperture optical system testing device and an optical system to be tested, and utilizing a theodolite to calibrate a collimator to be coaxial with the optical system;
moving an infrared imaging module to an optical focal plane position of an optical system, setting a target at the collimator, and acquiring an infrared image of the target through the infrared imaging module;
and identifying according to the infrared image acquired by the infrared imaging module, determining the size of the image formed by the target, and calculating the focal length of the optical system by combining the size of the target and the focal length of the collimator.
Optionally, the calibrating collimator with theodolite is coaxial with the optical system, including:
firstly, adjusting the theodolite to be coaxial with the collimator;
and adjusting the fixing module to enable the optical system to be coaxial with the theodolite.
Optionally, moving the infrared imaging module to an optical focal plane position of the optical system includes:
moving the infrared imaging module and collecting corresponding infrared images;
and determining a corresponding point spread function based on the acquired infrared image, judging whether the infrared imaging module is positioned at the optical focal plane position of the optical system according to the point spread function, and if not, continuing to move the infrared imaging module until the infrared imaging module is positioned at the optical focal plane position of the optical system.
Optionally, identifying according to the infrared image acquired by the infrared imaging module, determining the size of the image imaged by the target includes:
identifying an image imaged by the target according to the infrared image acquired by the infrared imaging module;
determining the size of an circumscribed rectangle imaged by the target;
determining the size of the circumscribed rectangle of the target;
and calculating the focal length of the optical system by combining the focal length of the collimator, wherein the expression is as follows:
wherein L represents the side length of the circumscribed rectangle of the target, L represents the corresponding side length of the circumscribed rectangle of the image formed by the target, f 1 Represents the focal length f of the collimator 2 Representing the focal length of the optical system.
Optionally, if the small-space high-integration infrared common aperture optical system testing device includes a two-dimensional turntable, the method further includes:
and regulating and controlling the position of the optical system through the two-dimensional turntable, measuring the angle information of the optical system, and enabling the object formed by the collimator to move in the optical view field so as to determine the view field of the optical system.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages: the invention provides a device and a method for testing a small-space high-integration infrared common-aperture optical system, which can solve the problem of limited test of a small-space high-integration medium-long wave infrared common-aperture foldback optical system without high-end special equipment, and can finish the test of optical indexes with higher precision under the condition of using as few and basic instruments and equipment as possible, thereby providing technical support for researching and designing the small-space high-integration infrared common-aperture foldback optical system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a testing method of an infrared common aperture optical system with small space and high integration level in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 (a) shows an infrared image corresponding to a circular target in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 (b) shows the recognition result of the image of the circular target in FIG. 2 (a);
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of focal length calculation principle in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As described above, in the practical small-space high-integration middle-long wave infrared common aperture foldback optical system index test process, the conventional test instrument such as theodolite and three-coordinate equipment cannot be adapted to the optical system and complete the test due to the constraint of space size and other conditions, which requires higher-end equipment, and therefore, a non-professional unit cannot have related test conditions. Therefore, research on an index testing method suitable for a small-space high-integration medium-long wave infrared common-aperture foldback optical system becomes one of the difficulties in the industry. In view of the above, the invention provides a technical scheme for realizing the test of the infrared common aperture optical system with small space and high integration level by using basic equipment.
The device for testing the infrared common aperture optical system with small space and high integration level provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises: the device comprises a collimator, a fixing module, a theodolite, an infrared imaging module and a data processing module. Specifically, wherein:
the collimator is used for providing infrared parallel light and is provided with a target; the fixing module is used for setting (i.e. fixing) a small-space high-integration infrared common-aperture optical system (optical system for short) to be tested; the theodolite is used for calibrating the coaxiality of the collimator and the optical system; the infrared imaging module is used for acquiring an infrared image of the target at the optical focal plane position of the optical system; the data processing module is used for calculating the focal length of the optical system according to the infrared image acquired by the infrared imaging module, the size of the target and the focal length of the collimator.
Aiming at the problem that the test of the middle-long wave infrared common aperture foldback optical system with small space and high integration level is limited, the invention provides the test device which can finish the test of the optical index with higher precision under the condition of using as few basic instruments and equipment as possible.
Preferably, the testing device further comprises a two-dimensional turntable, wherein the two-dimensional turntable is used for bearing the fixed module so as to regulate and control the position of the optical system and measure the angle information of the two-dimensional turntable; correspondingly, the data processing module is also used for calculating the field of view of the optical system according to the infrared images acquired by the infrared imaging module at different positions of the optical system. The two-dimensional turntable equipment has an angle information measurement function, and the field of view of the optical system can be determined by controlling the two-dimensional turntable to enable a target formed by the collimator to move in the optical field of view.
Preferably, for ease of handling calculations, the targets may be circular or cross-shaped, which is easy to calibrate, as well as facilitate subsequent calculation of the focal length of the optical system in combination with the dimensions of the targets. The circular target can remove the direction opposite influence from the formed target, and the normal relation between the optical axis and the target surface of the detector (i.e. the infrared imaging module) can be judged when the optical focal surface of the optical system is debugged, so that the optical focal surface is theoretically regulated to be coaxial; the cross target is favorable for visual field test, the cross target is limited in width and obvious in length, and when the cross target is adjusted to the edge of the visual field, the cross target is favorable for judging whether the pixels are just overlapped with the pixels in the first column/row or just disappear outside the visual field.
Preferably, the infrared imaging module is an infrared imaging core, the infrared imaging core is connected with the industrial personal computer, and the industrial personal computer can control the infrared imaging core and store the infrared image acquired by the infrared imaging core so as to carry out subsequent processing. At present, for a small-space high-integration infrared common-aperture optical system, an actual optical index testing instrument is difficult to match with the small-space high-integration infrared common-aperture optical system due to space constraint, a common optical testing method is not applicable, and the imaging equipment of an advanced and high-end special testing instrument is large in size, so that the testing is difficult. The infrared imaging movement has small volume, low cost, easy operation and wider application prospect.
Preferably, the fixing module comprises a fixing tool and a trimming frame. The fixing tool and the trimming frame are low in cost, components of an optical system to be tested can be fixed through the fixing tool and the trimming frame, and each component can be adjusted as required (in calibration).
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the invention further provides a method for testing a small-space high-integration infrared common-aperture optical system, which is implemented by adopting the device for testing the small-space high-integration infrared common-aperture optical system according to any one of the embodiments, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 100, calibrating a shaft system: the testing device of the small-space high-integration infrared common-aperture optical system and the optical system to be tested are arranged, and the collimator is calibrated by using the theodolite and is coaxial with the optical system;
step 102, data acquisition: moving an infrared imaging module to an optical focal plane position of an optical system to be tested, setting a target at a collimator, and acquiring an infrared image corresponding to the target through the infrared imaging module;
104, calculating indexes: and identifying according to the infrared image acquired by the infrared imaging module, determining the size of the image formed by the target, and calculating the focal length of the optical system by combining the size of the target and the focal length of the collimator.
The method for testing the infrared common-aperture optical system with small space and high integration level can finish high-precision optical index testing and processing under the condition of using as few basic instrument and equipment as possible.
Preferably, in step 100, the collimator is calibrated to be coaxial with the optical system by using a theodolite, further comprising:
firstly, adjusting the theodolite to be coaxial with the collimator;
and then adjusting the fixing module to enable the optical system to be coaxial with the theodolite.
The coaxial calibration of the collimator and the optical system can be rapidly completed by using the theodolite, so that the optical axis of the optical system and the collimator is coaxial, otherwise, a test error can be caused, the final result is incorrect, and the theodolite is an easily-obtained basic instrument device.
Preferably, in step 102, moving the infrared imaging module to an optical focal plane position of the optical system further includes:
the infrared imaging module is moved, and corresponding infrared images are acquired;
and determining a corresponding point spread function based on the acquired infrared image, judging whether the current infrared imaging module is positioned at the optical focal plane position of the optical system according to the point spread function, and if not, continuing to move the infrared imaging module until the infrared imaging module is positioned at the optical focal plane position of the optical system. The optical transfer function can be determined in the assembly process of the optical system, the edge gradient and the corresponding point spread function of the target in the image are calculated based on the acquired infrared image, and the comparison judgment is carried out with the parameters of the optical system so as to determine whether the current position is positioned at the optical focal plane. The infrared imaging module is moved to the optical focal plane position of the optical system, so that the preparation work of the test can be completed, and the imaging and calculation processing can be carried out later.
Preferably, in step 104, the size of the image imaged by the target is determined by identifying the infrared image acquired by the infrared imaging module, and the method further includes:
identifying an image formed by a target in the infrared image according to the infrared image acquired by the infrared imaging module;
determining the size of an external rectangle imaged by the target;
determining the size of an external rectangle of the target;
the focal length of the optical system is calculated by combining the focal length of the collimator, and the expression is as follows:
wherein L represents the side length of the circumscribed rectangle of the target, L represents the corresponding side length of the circumscribed rectangle of the image formed by the target, f 1 Represents the focal length f of the collimator 2 Representing the focal length of the optical system.
The invention can utilize Matlab and other software to read and process the data of the infrared image, and the target recognition method in the prior art is used for completing the recognition of the target, namely the image formed by the target is recognized, as shown in fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b). For a round target, the widest target pixel numbers in the X direction and the Y direction (namely the side length of the X-direction outwards connected rectangle and the side length of the Y-direction outwards connected rectangle) can be calculated at the same time, and the corresponding row number and column number are marked so as to facilitate the later required processing and data review. Calculating according to the calculation principle shown in fig. 3, wherein for a circular target, l represents the side length of the circumscribed rectangle of the target, namely the diameter of the circular target; for a cross-shaped target, L is the X-direction/Y-direction length of the target, and L is the X-direction/Y-direction side length of a corresponding circumscribed rectangle formed by the target.
Preferably, the method of the present invention can also be used for measuring an optical field of view, in particular, if the small-space high-integration infrared common-aperture optical system testing device includes a two-dimensional turntable, the method further includes:
the position of the optical system is regulated and controlled through the two-dimensional turntable, and the angle information of the two-dimensional turntable is measured, so that a target formed by the collimator tube moves in the optical view field, and the view field of the optical system is determined.
In summary, the invention provides a device and a method for testing a small-space high-integration infrared common-aperture optical system, which can solve the problem of limited test of a small-space high-integration medium-long wave infrared common-aperture foldback optical system without high-end special equipment, and can finish the test of optical indexes with higher precision under the condition of using as few basic instruments and equipment as possible, thereby providing technical support for researching and designing the small-space high-integration medium-long wave infrared common-aperture foldback optical system.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The method for testing the small-space high-integration-level infrared common-aperture optical system is characterized by being realized by adopting a small-space high-integration-level infrared common-aperture optical system testing device, wherein the small-space high-integration-level infrared common-aperture optical system testing device comprises the following components:
a collimator for providing infrared collimated light and provided with a target;
the fixing module is used for setting an optical system to be tested;
the two-dimensional turntable is used for bearing the fixed module so as to regulate and control the position of the optical system and measuring the angle information of the two-dimensional turntable;
the theodolite is used for calibrating the collimator to be coaxial with the optical system;
an infrared imaging module for acquiring an infrared image of the target at an optical focal plane position of the optical system;
the data processing module is used for calculating the focal length of the optical system according to the infrared images acquired by the infrared imaging module, the size of the target and the focal length of the collimator, and calculating the field of view of the optical system according to the infrared images acquired by the infrared imaging module at different positions of the optical system;
the method comprises the following steps:
setting the small-space high-integration infrared common-aperture optical system testing device and an optical system to be tested, and utilizing a theodolite to calibrate a collimator to be coaxial with the optical system;
moving an infrared imaging module to an optical focal plane position of an optical system, setting a target at the collimator, and acquiring an infrared image of the target through the infrared imaging module;
identifying according to the infrared image acquired by the infrared imaging module, determining the size of the image imaged by the target, and calculating the focal length of the optical system by combining the size of the target and the focal length of the collimator;
regulating and controlling the position of the optical system through the two-dimensional turntable, measuring the angle information of the optical system, and enabling a target formed by the collimator to move in an optical view field so as to determine the view field of the optical system;
wherein, utilize theodolite calibration collimator and optical system coaxial, include:
firstly, adjusting the theodolite to be coaxial with the collimator;
the fixing module is adjusted again, so that the optical system is coaxial with the theodolite;
the moving the infrared imaging module to an optical focal plane position of an optical system comprises:
moving the infrared imaging module and collecting corresponding infrared images;
determining a corresponding point spread function based on the acquired infrared image, judging whether the infrared imaging module is positioned at the optical focal plane position of the optical system according to the point spread function, if not, continuing to move the infrared imaging module until the infrared imaging module is positioned at the optical focal plane position of the optical system;
identifying according to the infrared image acquired by the infrared imaging module, determining the size of the image imaged by the target, including:
identifying an image imaged by the target according to the infrared image acquired by the infrared imaging module;
determining the size of an circumscribed rectangle imaged by the target;
determining the size of the circumscribed rectangle of the target;
and calculating the focal length of the optical system by combining the focal length of the collimator, wherein the expression is as follows:
wherein L represents the side length of the circumscribed rectangle of the target, L represents the corresponding side length of the circumscribed rectangle of the image formed by the target, f 1 Represents the focal length f of the collimator 2 Representing a focal length of the optical system;
in the small-space high-integration infrared common-aperture optical system testing device, the target is round or cross-shaped, the infrared imaging module is an infrared imaging machine core, the infrared imaging machine core is connected with the industrial personal computer, and the fixing module comprises a fixing tool and a trimming frame.
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