CN113916400A - Method for measuring surface temperature of high-temperature component - Google Patents
Method for measuring surface temperature of high-temperature component Download PDFInfo
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- CN113916400A CN113916400A CN202111020186.3A CN202111020186A CN113916400A CN 113916400 A CN113916400 A CN 113916400A CN 202111020186 A CN202111020186 A CN 202111020186A CN 113916400 A CN113916400 A CN 113916400A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
Abstract
The invention provides a method for measuring the surface temperature of a high-temperature component, which comprises the following steps of firstly arranging a metal wire in a temperature area to be measured of the high-temperature component, wherein the melting point of the metal wire is matched with the estimated highest temperature of the temperature area to be measured; carrying out a thermal test on the high-temperature component; and (3) collecting the appearance and internal crystal orientation changes of the metal wire in the thermal test process, and comparing the standard temperature samples to judge the temperature of the area to be measured. The method adopts the metal wire to monitor the surface temperature of the high-temperature part, has firm attachment, can effectively resist the scouring of high-temperature and high-speed airflow, has strong adaptability, and can also monitor the temperature in narrow space and areas where optical equipment cannot image; the measurement result is stable and reliable, and the interference to the flow field and the temperature field is small.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of temperature measurement of high-temperature components, and particularly relates to a method for measuring the surface temperature of a high-temperature component.
Background
The high-temperature component is an important component of high-speed aircrafts, high-performance engines and nuclear reactors. Thermal testing of high temperature components is an important means of evaluating the performance of high temperature components. The temperature measurement of the high-temperature component in the test process is a key link of the whole test and is an important support means for evaluating the performance of the high-temperature component.
In the high-temperature thermal test, two common temperature measurement means are thermocouple measurement and infrared measurement. The thermocouple measurement is to directly weld the thermocouple on the surface of the component to be measured, and convert the temperature signal into an electric signal to realize temperature measurement. However, the thermocouple wire is thin and low in strength, and is easy to fall off when being directly applied to the surface of a high-temperature component with airflow scouring, so that reliable temperature measurement cannot be realized. Infrared thermometry is a typical non-contact thermometry method, where the surface temperature of a component is obtained from the energy radiated from the surface of the high temperature component. However, infrared temperature measurement is limited by the field of view and cannot measure the temperature of the shielded area; in addition, infrared temperature measurement can receive environmental disturbance, when having the pollutant between measuring equipment and the part that awaits measuring, measurement accuracy can receive great influence.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simple, reliable, stable, effective and strong-adaptability method for measuring the surface temperature of a high-temperature component, makes up for the defects of conventional temperature monitoring means, and provides a new idea for the problem of monitoring the surface temperature in a high-temperature component thermal test.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a method for measuring the surface temperature of a high-temperature component, which comprises the following steps
Arranging a metal wire in a temperature area to be measured of the high-temperature component, wherein the melting point of the metal wire is matched with the estimated highest temperature of the temperature area to be measured;
carrying out a thermal test on the high-temperature component;
and (3) collecting the appearance and internal crystal orientation changes of the metal wire in the thermal test process, and comparing the standard temperature samples to judge the temperature of the area to be measured.
Furthermore, the metal wires in the first direction and the second direction are arranged in the temperature area to be measured respectively, and a certain included angle is formed between the metal wires in the first direction and the metal wires in the second direction.
Furthermore, the melting points of the metal wires in the first direction and the second direction are different; the metal wire in the first direction is arranged below the metal wire, has a low melting point and is used for measuring temperature; the metal wires in the second direction are arranged on the upper portion, have high melting points and are used for assisting in fixing the metal wires in the first direction.
Further, the wires in the first direction and the wires in the second direction are perpendicular to each other.
Further, if the temperature gradient of the area to be measured is less than 20 ℃/mm, one metal wire in the first direction is arranged, and three metal wires in the second direction are arranged; and if the temperature gradient of the area to be measured is more than or equal to 20 ℃/mm, two or three metal wires in the first direction are arranged, and three metal wires in the second direction are arranged.
Furthermore, an included angle between the metal wire in the first direction and the flow direction of the hot working medium is 0-15 degrees; the melting point of the metal wire in the first direction is T-20-T +50 ℃, the melting point of the metal wire in the second direction is not less than T +100 ℃, and T is the highest temperature of a temperature area to be measured.
Further, the diameter of the metal wire is selected to be in a range of 0.2mm to 0.5mm, the length of the metal wire in the first direction is selected to be in a range of 5mm to 6mm, and the length of the metal wire in the second direction is selected to be in a range of 4.5mm to 5 mm; the range of the spacing selection of the metal wires in the first direction is 0.8-1 mm; the range of the spacing between the metal wires in the second direction is 1.2 mm-1.5 mm.
Further, the temperature area to be measured is rectangular, the length dimension along the first direction is 6-6.5 mm, the width dimension along the second direction is 5-5.5 mm, and the total area of the temperature area to be measured is not more than 5% of the total surface area of the high-temperature component to be measured.
Further, the method for measuring the surface temperature of the high-temperature component specifically comprises the following steps:
determining the temperature range of a temperature area to be measured;
selecting metal wires with different melting points, and manufacturing a standard temperature sample of the metal wire in the first direction;
selecting an arrangement scheme of the metal wires;
carrying out surface treatment on a temperature area to be measured of the high-temperature component;
securing the wire to the high temperature component;
carrying out a thermal test on the metal wire and the high-temperature component;
and judging the temperature of the area to be measured according to the state change of the metal wire under different temperature conditions.
Further, the method for manufacturing the standard temperature sample of the first-direction metal wire comprises the steps of carrying out a thermal test at fixed temperature intervals within a certain temperature range, wherein the temperature range covers the working temperature range of the high-temperature component to be tested, the heating time is the same as the single working time of the high-temperature component to be tested, and acquiring images of different parts, different temperatures and heated surface and internal crystal grain states of the metal wire to form the standard temperature sample;
carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surface of the area to be measured of the high-temperature component, wherein the treatment depth is not more than 0.1 mm;
the metal wire is fixed on the surface of the area to be measured by the energy storage welding process, and the protrusion of the metal wire on the surface of the part to be measured is not more than 1 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the metal wire to monitor the surface temperature of the high-temperature component, has firm joint and can effectively resist the scouring of high-temperature and high-speed airflow. In addition, the metal wire temperature measurement scheme provided by the invention has strong adaptability, and can monitor the temperature in narrow space and areas where optical equipment cannot image; the result is stable and reliable, and the interference to the flow field and the temperature field is small.
The invention optimizes the arrangement scheme of the metal wires in detail, not only ensures that the interference degree to the original flow field and the temperature field is smaller, but also gives consideration to the temperature measurement precision, and can meet the requirement of measuring the surface temperature of the high-temperature component.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an arc wind tunnel test in which a metal wire is used to measure a surface temperature of a high-temperature component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
1. high temperature part, 2, area to be measured, 3, metal wire.
Detailed Description
The following provides a detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention. In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the device structures and/or processing steps closely related to the scheme of the present invention are shown in the drawings, and other details not so related to the present invention are omitted.
The invention provides a method for measuring the surface temperature of a high-temperature component, which comprises the following steps:
arranging a metal wire in a temperature area to be measured of the high-temperature component, wherein the melting point of the metal wire is matched with the estimated highest temperature of the temperature area to be measured;
carrying out a thermal test on the high-temperature component;
and (3) collecting the appearance and internal crystal orientation changes of the metal wire in the thermal test process, and comparing the standard temperature samples to judge the temperature of the area to be measured.
The method measures the temperature of the temperature-to-be-measured area of the high-temperature component by analyzing the performance change of the metal wire, only needs to fix the metal wire in the temperature-to-be-measured area in the test process, is firm in attachment, can effectively resist the scouring of high-temperature and high-speed airflow, has no special limitation on the measurement part and the environment, and is high in adaptability.
In order to better ensure the installation and fixation of the metal wires, the invention provides a metal wire arrangement scheme, wherein the metal wires in the first direction and the second direction are respectively arranged in a temperature area to be measured, and a certain included angle is formed between the metal wires in the first direction and the metal wires in the second direction. The metal wires in different directions are arranged in a crossed mode, and the fixation is firmer. Preferably, the wires of the first direction and the wires of the second direction are perpendicular to each other.
For accurate temperature measurement, the metal wires in the two directions are divided into low-melting-point metal wires and high-melting-point metal wires, the low-melting-point metal wires are arranged along the first direction and are in contact with a temperature area to be measured, and the melting point of the metal wires in the first direction is matched with the highest temperature of the temperature area to be measured, so that the temperature measurement function is realized; the high-melting-point metal wire is arranged on the upper portion along the second direction and presses the low-melting-point metal wire, the melting point of the metal wire in the second direction is far higher than the highest temperature of a temperature area to be measured, and only the auxiliary fixing function is achieved.
Preferably, the melting point of the metal wire in the first direction is T-20-T +50 ℃, the melting point of the metal wire in the second direction is not less than T +100 ℃, and T is the highest temperature of the area to be measured.
In order to measure the temperature more accurately, the density of the metal wires in the first direction of each temperature area to be measured is determined according to the temperature gradient. Preferably, when the temperature gradient is less than 20 ℃/mm, one metal wire in the first direction is arranged, and three metal wires in the second direction are arranged; when the temperature gradient is more than or equal to 20 ℃/mm, two or three metal wires in the first direction are arranged, and three metal wires in the second direction are arranged. For example, the first direction of the metal wire is transverse, the second direction is longitudinal, the metal wire can adopt one of three arrangement modes of a transverse three-longitudinal type, a two transverse three-longitudinal type and a three transverse three-longitudinal type according to the temperature measurement requirement, and the transversely arranged metal wire is arranged below and is parallel to the transverse edge of the temperature area to be measured; the metal wires which are longitudinally arranged are arranged on the upper part and are parallel to the longitudinal edge of the area to be measured in temperature. The arrangement mode of the metal wires needs to meet the requirement of temperature measurement precision, and meanwhile, the air flow interference caused by the over-dense metal wires is avoided.
Preferably, the included angle between the metal wire in the first direction and the flow direction of the hot working medium is 0-15 degrees, so that the metal wire is prevented from being washed away by air flow, and the metal wire is prevented from falling off.
Preferably, the wire diameter is 0.2mm to 0.5mm, the first direction wire length is 5mm to 6mm, and the second direction wire length is 4.5mm to 5 mm. By optimizing the diameter and the length of the metal wire, the interference degree to the original flow field and the temperature field is ensured to be smaller, and the temperature measurement precision is also considered.
Preferably, the distance between the metal wires in the first direction is 0.8 mm-1 mm; the distance between the metal wires in the second direction is 1.2 mm-1.5 mm. So as to ensure that the metal wires have small interference with each other and weak retardation effect on the fluid boundary layer.
Preferably, the temperature region to be measured is rectangular, the length dimension along the first direction is 6-6.5 mm, the width dimension along the second direction is 5-5.5 mm, the total area of the temperature region to be measured is not more than 5% of the total surface area of the high-temperature component to be measured, and the authenticity of the temperature structure to be measured is ensured, so that the temperature structure to be measured is closest to the original state.
The invention also provides a temperature measuring method of the high-temperature component, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1) determining an approximate temperature range of a temperature area to be measured;
2) selecting metal wires with different melting points, and manufacturing a standard temperature sample of the metal wire in the first direction;
3) selecting an arrangement scheme of the metal wires;
4) carrying out surface treatment on a temperature area to be measured of the high-temperature component;
5) securing the wire to the high temperature component;
6) carrying out a thermal test on the metal wire and the high-temperature component;
7) and judging the temperature of the area to be measured according to the state change of the metal wire under different temperature conditions.
Specifically, the method for manufacturing the standard temperature sample of the metal wire in the first direction comprises the steps of carrying out a thermal test at fixed temperature intervals within a certain temperature range, covering the working temperature range of the high-temperature component to be tested within the temperature range, collecting images of different parts of the metal wire, heated surfaces and internal crystal grain states at different temperatures, wherein the heating time is the same as the single working time of the high-temperature component to be tested, and forming the standard temperature sample.
Preferably, the high-temperature part is a metal part, the wall thickness is not less than 2mm, the surface of the area to be measured is treated by adopting a sand blasting process, and the treatment depth is not more than 0.1 mm. The surface of the conventional high-temperature part to be measured comprises a coating or an oxide, so that the metal wire is not fixed conveniently, and the installation stability of the metal wire is improved through sand blasting.
Preferably, the metal wire is fixed on the surface of the temperature measurement area through an energy storage welding process, and the protrusion of the metal wire on the surface of the component to be measured is not more than 1 mm.
The following preferred embodiments are further explained in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are meant to be illustrative and not limiting, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
According to the invention, the temperature range of the temperature area to be measured is judged by comparing the standard temperature with the sample according to the appearance and internal crystal orientation changes of the metal wires with different melting points in the thermal test process. In this embodiment, the metal wires are arranged in a criss-cross manner, the transverse metal wire is in the first direction and used for measuring temperature, and the longitudinal metal wire is in the second direction and used for auxiliary fixation.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an application of the method for measuring the surface temperature of a high-temperature component in an arc wind tunnel test.
Firstly, according to the estimation of the state of the electric arc wind tunnel, the temperature range of the surface of the high-temperature component 1 is obtained through calculation, and then the temperature range of the position of the temperature area 2 to be measured is determined.
Then, the position and the temperature distribution of the temperature area 2 to be measured are determined, the position of the temperature area 2 to be measured is approximately rectangular, the transverse length dimension is 6 mm-6.5 mm, the longitudinal width dimension is 5 mm-5.5 mm, and the included angle alpha between the transverse direction and the flow direction of the hot working medium is 0-15 degrees.
And then, carrying out surface treatment on the area 2 to be measured with a sand blasting process, wherein the treatment depth is controlled within 0.1 mm.
Subsequently, a suitable wire and wire arrangement scheme is selected. Specifically, the melting point temperature of the transversely arranged metal wires is kept consistent with the predicted highest temperature of the position of the area 2 to be measured, and the melting point temperature of the longitudinally arranged metal wires is higher than the predicted highest temperature of the position of the area 2 to be measured by more than 100 ℃. If the temperature gradient of the position of the area 2 to be measured is less than 20 ℃/mm, a horizontal and three-vertical arrangement scheme can be selected, and when the temperature gradient of the position of the area 2 to be measured is more than 20 ℃/mm, a two-horizontal and three-vertical or three-horizontal and three-vertical arrangement scheme can be selected.
Next, the metal wire 3 is fixed on the surface of the area to be measured 2 by energy storage welding.
Before the test, 12 heating temperatures are set for the selected transverse metal wires at an interval of 100 ℃ in the range of 300-1400 ℃, and the heating time is the same as the single working time of the high-temperature part. And after heating, adopting electron microscope equipment to perform electron microscope scanning on at least 5 points of the metal wire, and respectively recording images of the surface and internal crystal grain states of the metal wire after the metal wire is heated at 12 different temperatures to form a standard temperature comparison sample as a basis for temperature judgment.
Subsequently, the high-temperature component 1 was subjected to a thermal test.
And finally, taking down the tested metal wire 3, observing the state change of the tested metal wire 3 by adopting testing equipment such as an electron microscope and the like, and judging the temperature range of the area to be tested by comparing the sample with the standard temperature.
At present, the invention is successfully applied to the control surface electric arc wind tunnel test of a certain type and the wall surface temperature monitoring of a combustion chamber of a certain type of engine. The method has the advantages that key temperature data are obtained in positions and areas where direct temperature measurement is difficult to carry out through thermocouples and infrared equipment, the method has the advantages of being simple, reliable, stable, effective and high in adaptability, and a new mode is provided for monitoring the surface temperature of the high-temperature component.
Features that are described and/or illustrated above with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments and/or in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used herein, is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components or groups thereof.
The many features and advantages of these embodiments are apparent from the detailed specification, and thus, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of these embodiments which fall within the true spirit and scope thereof. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the embodiments of the invention to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope thereof.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention has not been described in detail and is in part known to those of skill in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The method for measuring the surface temperature of the high-temperature component is characterized by comprising the following steps
Arranging a metal wire in a temperature area to be measured of the high-temperature component, wherein the melting point of the metal wire is matched with the estimated highest temperature of the temperature area to be measured;
carrying out a thermal test on the high-temperature component;
and (3) collecting the appearance and internal crystal orientation changes of the metal wire in the thermal test process, and comparing the standard temperature samples to judge the temperature of the area to be measured.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein wires extending in a first direction and wires extending in a second direction are arranged in the temperature measurement area, and the wires extending in the first direction and the wires extending in the second direction form an included angle.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the wires in the first and second directions have different melting points; the metal wire in the first direction is arranged below the metal wire, has a low melting point and is used for measuring temperature; the metal wires in the second direction are arranged on the upper portion, have high melting points and are used for assisting in fixing the metal wires in the first direction.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first direction wire and the second direction wire are perpendicular to each other.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein one wire in the first direction and three wires in the second direction are arranged if the temperature gradient of the temperature measurement area is less than 20 ℃/mm; and if the temperature gradient of the area to be measured is more than or equal to 20 ℃/mm, two or three metal wires in the first direction are arranged, and three metal wires in the second direction are arranged.
6. The method for measuring the surface temperature of the high-temperature component according to claim 4, wherein an included angle between the metal wire in the first direction and the flow direction of the hot working medium is 0-15 degrees;
the melting point of the metal wire in the first direction is T-20-T +50 ℃, the melting point of the metal wire in the second direction is not less than T +100 ℃, and T is the highest temperature of a temperature area to be measured.
7. A method for measuring a surface temperature of a high-temperature component according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the wire diameter is selected to be in a range of 0.2mm to 0.5mm, the wire length in the first direction is selected to be in a range of 5mm to 6mm, and the wire length in the second direction is selected to be in a range of 4.5mm to 5 mm; the range of the spacing selection of the metal wires in the first direction is 0.8-1 mm; the range of the spacing between the metal wires in the second direction is 1.2 mm-1.5 mm.
8. The method of measuring a surface temperature of a high-temperature component according to claim 2, wherein the temperature measurement region is rectangular, and has a length dimension of 6mm to 6.5mm in the first direction and a width dimension of 5mm to 5.5mm in the second direction, and a total area of the temperature measurement region is not more than 5% of a total surface area of the high-temperature component to be measured.
9. The method for measuring the surface temperature of a high-temperature component according to claim 2, comprising the steps of:
determining the temperature range of a temperature area to be measured;
selecting metal wires with different melting points, and manufacturing a standard temperature sample of the metal wire in the first direction;
selecting an arrangement scheme of the metal wires;
carrying out surface treatment on a temperature area to be measured of the high-temperature component;
securing the wire to the high temperature component;
carrying out a thermal test on the metal wire and the high-temperature component;
and judging the temperature of the area to be measured according to the state change of the metal wire under different temperature conditions.
10. The method for measuring the surface temperature of a high-temperature component according to claim 9, wherein the method for preparing the standard temperature sample of the first-direction wire comprises the steps of carrying out a thermal test at regular temperature intervals in a certain temperature range, wherein the temperature range covers the working temperature range of the high-temperature component to be measured, the heating time is the same as the single working time of the high-temperature component to be measured, and acquiring images of the states of crystal grains on the surface and inside of the high-temperature component after heating at different positions and different temperatures of the wire to form the standard temperature sample;
carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surface of the area to be measured of the high-temperature component, wherein the treatment depth is not more than 0.1 mm;
the metal wire is fixed on the surface of the area to be measured by the energy storage welding process, and the protrusion of the metal wire on the surface of the part to be measured is not more than 1 mm.
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| CN202111020186.3A CN113916400A (en) | 2021-09-01 | 2021-09-01 | Method for measuring surface temperature of high-temperature component |
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Citations (6)
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| DE3737502A1 (en) * | 1986-11-10 | 1988-05-19 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Temperature indicator |
| US20090016407A1 (en) * | 2007-07-09 | 2009-01-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Temperature-measuring member, temperature-measuring device, and method for measuring temperature |
| JP2013117480A (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2013-06-13 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Temperature estimation method for structural member and maintenance method for structural member |
| JP2016045106A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-04-04 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | Estimation method of working temperature of member, and estimation device of working temperature of member |
| CN107941370A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-04-20 | 北大先行科技产业有限公司 | A kind of detection method of positive electrode high temperature sintering temperature |
| CN110361104A (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2019-10-22 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of method and its caliberating device using crystal thermometric |
-
2021
- 2021-09-01 CN CN202111020186.3A patent/CN113916400A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3737502A1 (en) * | 1986-11-10 | 1988-05-19 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Temperature indicator |
| US20090016407A1 (en) * | 2007-07-09 | 2009-01-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Temperature-measuring member, temperature-measuring device, and method for measuring temperature |
| JP2013117480A (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2013-06-13 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Temperature estimation method for structural member and maintenance method for structural member |
| JP2016045106A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-04-04 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | Estimation method of working temperature of member, and estimation device of working temperature of member |
| CN107941370A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-04-20 | 北大先行科技产业有限公司 | A kind of detection method of positive electrode high temperature sintering temperature |
| CN110361104A (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2019-10-22 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of method and its caliberating device using crystal thermometric |
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