CN113913191A - 一种保水抗旱剂及其制备方法和在藜麦种植中的应用 - Google Patents
一种保水抗旱剂及其制备方法和在藜麦种植中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种保水抗旱剂及其制备方法和在藜麦种植中的应用，涉及藜麦种植技术领域。所述保水抗旱剂由以下重量百分比的原料制备而成：保水剂6‑9％、抗旱剂1‑3％、促生长剂0.5～1％、增氧剂6～9％、粘结剂20‑30％和余量填充剂。本发明保水抗旱剂在使用后可以有效减缓地表水分流失，播种3d后可释放氧气供种子生长所需，显著提高种子的发芽率和破土率，对解决山西地区藜麦生产中出苗率低的问题具有现实意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及藜麦种植技术领域，更具体的说是涉及一种保水抗旱剂及其制备方法和在藜麦种植中的应用。
背景技术
藜麦原产于南美洲安第斯山高海拔地区，富含蛋白质、维生素、多酚、类黄酮类等多种具有保健功效的物质，且藜麦所含脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸占到80％多，也越来越被科研工作者所关注。
藜麦属于浅根系生长作物，尤其在其播种过程中，如果覆土深，藜麦幼苗不易破土，导致种子发芽率低，因此宜浅区播种，然而在藜麦向山西等干旱或半干旱地区引种过程中遇到一些现实问题。例如山西地区气候干燥，年平均降水量小，地表水分蒸发大、湿度低，将藜麦种子进行浅区播种后，由于地表干燥、水分含量低，导致藜麦种子受到干旱胁迫，极大地影响发芽率，导致作物减产。由于在藜麦种子发芽阶段保障其充足的水分供应或提高其抗干旱能力对后期产量提高尤其重要，而通常干旱或半干旱地区存在灌溉困难、水分供应不及时的情况，因此在藜麦推广种植过程中，提供一种方法提高藜麦出苗率是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种保水抗旱剂应用于藜麦的种植，提高藜麦的发芽率和出苗率。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种保水抗旱剂，由以下重量百分比的原料制备而成：保水剂6-9％、抗旱剂1-3％、促生长剂0.5～1％、增氧剂6～9％、粘结剂20-30％和余量填充剂。
作为本发明优选的技术方案，所述保水抗旱剂由以下重量百分比的原料制备而成：保水剂8％、抗旱剂2％、促生长剂0.6％、增氧剂8％、粘结剂25％和余量填充剂。
作为本发明优选的技术方案，所述保水剂为聚丙烯酰胺、硅藻土中的一种或多种；
所述抗旱剂为甜菜碱、亚精胺、黄腐酸钾中的一种或多种；
所述促生长剂为萘乙酸、吲哚乙酸、矮壮素、复硝酚钠中的一种或多种；
所述增氧剂为过氧化钙、过氧化镁中的一种或多种；
所述粘结剂为高岭土、膨润土中的一种或多种；
所述填充剂为磷矿粉。
有益效果：本发明聚丙烯酰胺、硅藻土为保水剂；硅藻土具有多孔性结构，其吸水率是自身体积的2-4倍，提高土壤持水力；聚丙烯酰胺分子内部含有大量可电解的基团，吸收后网状结构撑开，可加大土壤蓄水空间，提高土壤持水能力。本发明甜菜碱、亚精胺、黄腐酸钾作为抗旱剂；甜菜碱可以调节植物细胞渗透压，当环境中水分降低，盐离子浓度升高时，甜菜碱可以维持细胞内与外环境的渗透平衡，以抵抗干旱胁迫；亚精胺可以通过提高藜麦(青海1号)种子的抗氧化能力，提高藜麦种子抗旱性，从而提高其发芽率；黄腐酸钾通过螯合土壤中常量及微量营养物质使其更好地为植物利用，提高藜麦的抵抗力，对抗干旱胁迫。本发明保水剂、抗旱剂与其他成分共同作用，提高藜麦发芽阶段的土壤含水量和持水能力，有效提高了藜麦浅播方式种子的发芽率和破土率，解决了山西地区藜麦播种过程中出苗率低的现实问题。
本发明的另一目的是，提供上述保水抗旱剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)按比例份将所述保水剂、抗旱剂、促生长剂、增氧剂、粘结剂和填充剂粉碎、过80-100目筛；
(2)将步骤(1)所得粉末投入搅拌机，30～40rpm，搅拌20～30min，混合均匀；
(3)造粒。
有益效果：将保水抗旱剂制备成颗粒，方便藜麦种植时一起施用。
本发明的再一目的是，提供上述保水抗旱剂在藜麦种植中的应用。
作为本发明优选的技术方案，保水抗旱剂的使用量为5-10kg/亩。
作为本发明优选的技术方案，藜麦种植时，将该保水抗旱剂环播在藜麦种子周围。
有益效果：为藜麦种子保持水分和提供养分的同时，不会造成与种子间隔太近而形成的负面影响。
作为本发明优选的技术方案，藜麦种子和保水抗旱剂的播种深度为1-1.5cm。
有益效果：播种深度适宜，有利于藜麦种子发芽的水分需求和顺利破土出苗。
作为本发明优选的技术方案，播种前2-4天，对田块浇透水。
经由上述的技术方案可知，与现有技术相比，本发明公开提供了一种保水抗旱剂及其制备方法和在藜麦种植中的应用。本发明保水抗旱剂在使用后可以有效减缓地表水分流失，播种3d后可释放氧气供种子生长所需，显著提高种子的发芽率和破土率，对解决山西地区藜麦生产中出苗率低的问题具有现实意义。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例公开了一种保水抗旱剂及其制备方法和在藜麦种植中的应用，所用原料均为市售可得，对其来源不做具体限定，所涉及的方法，如无特殊提及，均为常规方法，在此不再一一赘述。
实施例1
保水抗旱剂配方：聚丙烯酰胺4kg、硅藻土4kg、甜菜碱1kg、亚精胺0.2kg、黄腐酸钾0.8kg、萘乙酸0.2kg、吲哚乙酸0.2kg、复硝酚钠0.2kg、过氧化钙4kg、过氧化镁4kg、高岭土25kg和磷矿粉56.4kg。
保水抗旱剂制备方法：(1)将聚丙烯酰胺、硅藻土、甜菜碱、亚精胺、黄腐酸钾、萘乙酸、吲哚乙酸、复硝酚钠、过氧化钙、过氧化镁、高岭土和磷矿粉粉碎，过100目筛；(2)将粉末投入搅拌机，40rpm，搅拌25min，混合均匀；(3)造粒。
实施例2
保水抗旱剂配方：聚丙烯酰胺6kg、甜菜碱0.8kg、亚精胺0.2kg、萘乙酸0.3kg、矮壮素0.3kg、过氧化钙3kg、过氧化镁3kg、高岭土20kg和磷矿粉66.4kg。
保水抗旱剂制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
保水抗旱剂配方：聚丙烯酰胺5kg、硅藻土4kg、甜菜碱1kg、亚精胺0.2kg、黄腐酸钾1.8kg、萘乙酸0.3kg、吲哚乙酸0.3kg、矮壮素0.3kg、复硝酚钠0.1kg、过氧化钙5kg、过氧化镁4kg、高岭土30kg和磷矿粉48kg。
保水抗旱剂制备方法同实施例1。
对比例1不添加保水剂
保水抗旱剂配方：甜菜碱1kg、亚精胺0.2kg、黄腐酸钾0.8kg、萘乙酸0.2kg、吲哚乙酸0.2kg、复硝酚钠0.2kg、过氧化钙4kg、过氧化镁4kg、高岭土25kg和磷矿粉64.4kg。
对比例2不添加抗旱剂
保水抗旱剂配方：聚丙烯酰胺4kg、硅藻土4kg、萘乙酸0.2kg、吲哚乙酸0.2kg、复硝酚钠0.2kg、过氧化钙4kg、过氧化镁4kg、高岭土25kg和磷矿粉58.4kg。
对比例3不添加增氧剂
保水抗旱剂配方：聚丙烯酰胺4kg、硅藻土4kg、甜菜碱1kg、黄腐酸钾1kg、萘乙酸0.2kg、吲哚乙酸0.2kg、复硝酚钠0.2kg、高岭土25kg和磷矿粉64.4kg。
实施例4
(保水抗旱剂在藜麦种植中的应用)
将实施例1-3制备的保水抗旱剂应用于藜麦的种植(浅播)，同时以对比例1-3制备的保水抗旱剂(浅播)作为对照例1-3，以不施保水抗旱剂(浅播)作为对照例4，以不施保水抗旱剂(深播)作为对照例5。
种植方法：
(1)施底肥：当田间气温为20-25℃时，浇透水，田间亩施有机肥1000-1500kg，并旋耕整地。
(2)2-4天后，机播藜麦种子(青海1号)，同时通过排料管将保水抗旱剂环施在距种子1cm的圆周，藜麦播种量1kg/亩，保水抗旱剂8kg/亩。其中浅播控制深度1-2cm，深播控制深度5-8cm，播种后一周内无降雨，其后在田间自然生长。
结果测定：
对实施例1-3以及对照例1-5，施行定点取样(三个重复、取平均值)，分别测定表层土壤(1-2cm)的水分含量和溶氧量、种子萌发和破土情况(均以播种量为基数)，并对藜麦株高、生物量以及最终产量进行统计(见表1)。
表1
由表中结果可知，本发明保水抗旱剂在使用后可以有效减缓地表水分流失，播种3d后可释放氧气供种子生长所需，显著提高种子的发芽率和破土率，对解决山西地区藜麦生产中出苗率低的问题具有现实意义。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种保水抗旱剂，其特征在于，由以下重量百分比的原料制备而成：保水剂6-9％、抗旱剂1-3％、促生长剂0.5～1％、增氧剂6～9％、粘结剂20-30％和余量填充剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的保水抗旱剂，其特征在于，由以下重量百分比的原料制备而成：保水剂8％、抗旱剂2％、促生长剂0.6％、增氧剂8％、粘结剂25％和余量填充剂。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的保水抗旱剂，其特征在于，
所述保水剂为聚丙烯酰胺、硅藻土中的一种或多种；
所述抗旱剂为甜菜碱、亚精胺、黄腐酸钾中的一种或多种；
所述促生长剂为萘乙酸、吲哚乙酸、矮壮素、复硝酚钠中的一种或多种；
所述增氧剂为过氧化钙、过氧化镁中的一种或多种；
所述粘结剂为高岭土、膨润土中的一种或多种；
所述填充剂为磷矿粉。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任一所述的保水抗旱剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)按比例份将所述保水剂、抗旱剂、促生长剂、增氧剂、粘结剂和填充剂粉碎、过80-100目筛；
(2)将步骤(1)所得粉末投入搅拌机，30～40rpm，搅拌20～30min，混合均匀；
(3)造粒。
5.一种如权利要求1-3任一所述的保水抗旱剂或权利要求4所述制备方法制得的保水抗旱剂在藜麦种植中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的保水抗旱剂在藜麦种植中的应用，其特征在于，保水抗旱剂的使用量为5-10kg/亩。
7.根据权利要求5所述的保水抗旱剂在藜麦种植中的应用，其特征在于，藜麦种植时，将该保水抗旱剂环播在藜麦种子周围。
8.根据权利要求7所述的保水抗旱剂在藜麦种植中的应用，其特征在于，藜麦种子和保水抗旱剂播种深度为1-1.5cm。
9.根据权利要求5所述的保水抗旱剂在藜麦种植中的应用，其特征在于，播种前2-4天，对田块浇透水。
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