CN113909820A - Method for processing wave spring - Google Patents
Method for processing wave spring Download PDFInfo
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- CN113909820A CN113909820A CN202111248098.9A CN202111248098A CN113909820A CN 113909820 A CN113909820 A CN 113909820A CN 202111248098 A CN202111248098 A CN 202111248098A CN 113909820 A CN113909820 A CN 113909820A
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- wave spring
- wave
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- forming
- ring
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/025—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant characterised by having a particular shape
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for processing a wave spring. The invention comprises the following steps: cutting a blank with a hole in the center by using a spring steel strip line, stamping the blank, forming a waveform ring band at the middle ring of the blank after stamping, forming an outer ring excess material at the outer ring, forming an inner ring excess material at the inner ring, forming a positioning hole at the center to obtain a stamped part, positioning by using the positioning hole, and cutting a waveform spring on the waveform ring band to obtain a finished product. The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a method for processing a wave spring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of processing of a wave spring, in particular to a processing method of a wave spring.
Background
Wave springs are increasingly being selected by more products due to their excellent spatial structural characteristics, and a typical single-layer three-wave spring is shown in fig. 1. The processing process flow of the wave spring comprises the following steps: blanking → shape of wire-cut part → stamping of die → heat treatment → size correction → final shape of wire-cut part → surface treatment → spring check → acceptance. However, the foregoing processing technique has three main disadvantages:
(1) during punch forming, the wave crests and the wave troughs are easy to deviate and the circle center is easy to deviate, the height difference of the three wave crests and the wave troughs is inconsistent, and the dimensional stability of the spring is poor;
(2) an angle alpha exists on the same section of the inner circle and the outer circle of the wave spring, and the value is more obvious along with the decrease of the number of wave crests of the part, as shown in figure 2; the part is actually in line contact instead of surface contact when in use, so that the elasticity among wave crests and wave troughs of the part is uneven;
(3) the wave spring has different wave lengths to affect the performance of the parts.
In order to solve the problems, a new method for processing the wave spring is designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a method for processing a wave spring.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose of the invention:
a method for processing a wave spring comprises the following steps: cutting a blank with a hole in the center by using a spring steel strip line, stamping the blank, forming a waveform ring band at the middle ring of the blank after stamping, forming an outer ring excess material at the outer ring, forming an inner ring excess material at the inner ring, forming a positioning hole at the center to obtain a stamped part, positioning by using the positioning hole, and cutting a waveform spring on the waveform ring band to obtain a finished product.
The method for processing the wave spring comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting a rough material with a hole in the center by using a spring steel strip line;
(2) stamping the blank, forming a waveform ring belt at the middle ring of the blank after stamping, forming outer ring excess material at the outer ring, forming inner ring excess material at the inner ring, and forming a positioning hole at the center to obtain a stamped part;
(3) heat treating the stamped part;
(4) leveling the stamped part;
(5) positioning by a positioning hole, and cutting the wave-shaped spring on the wave-shaped ring belt;
(6) surface treatment of the wave spring;
(7) detecting elasticity;
(8) checking and accepting to obtain a finished product.
In the processing method of the wave spring, the spring steel strip is a 60Si2MnA spring steel strip with the thickness of 0.5 mm; the external diameter phi of the rough material is 61.5mm, and the internal diameter phi of the rough material is 11.5 mm.
In the method for processing the wave spring, the positioning hole is phi 15 mm.
In the processing method of the wave spring, the heat treatment is vacuum oil quenching heat treatment, the quenching temperature is 860 +/-10 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30 +/-10 min, the tempering temperature is 460 +/-20 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30-60 min.
In the method of machining a wave spring, the leveling of the stamped part is to correct the parallelism of the stamped part.
In the method for processing the wave spring, the outer diameter of the wave spring cut on the wave ring belt is phi 39-0.1mm, inner diameter of phi 39+0.1mm。
In the method for processing the wave spring, the surface treatment of the wave spring is to chemically oxidize the wave spring.
In the method for processing the wave spring, the elastic force value is detected to be 43-58N when the height of the wave spring is compressed to 3 mm.
In the processing method of the wave spring, the size is checked according to a technical drawing during acceptance, and the wave spring is accepted and stored after being qualified.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the analysis of the inventor on the problems of the prior art, the problems that the heights of three wave crests and wave troughs are easy to deviate and the centers of circles are deviated during punch forming, and the dimensional stability of the spring is poor are caused because the existing mould is designed to have no positioning size, gaps and relative displacement exist between a circular ring material and the mould, the heights of the three wave crests and wave troughs are deviated and the centers of circles are deviated during punch forming, so that the heights of the three wave crests and wave troughs are inconsistent, and the dimensional stability of the spring is poor; the problem that an angle alpha exists on the same section of the inner circle and the outer circle of the spring, and the value is more obvious along with the decrease of the number of wave crests of the part, as shown in figure 2; the reason why the part is actually in line contact instead of surface contact when in use, so that the elastic force between wave crests and wave troughs of the part is not uniform is that when the annular blank subjected to line cutting in the prior art is bent, the stretching arc lengths of the inner ring and the outer ring are not matched, so that the part is an oblique line in the same section on the width, and an angle alpha exists on the same section of the inner circle and the outer circle; the reason why the problem that the performance of the part is influenced by the difference of the wavelength of each wave of the spring is caused is that when the existing mold is in contact with the part, because the mold does not have an upper template and a lower template, when the mold is in contact with the part, all points of the part are not simultaneously stressed, the part is easy to shift on a male die and a female die, and the performance of the part is influenced by the difference of the wavelength of each wave.
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to prepare phi 39-0.1mm, inner diameter outer phi 39+0.1A single-layer three-wave spring of mm is prepared as stamping raw material with larger inner diameter phi 11.5mm and outer diameter phi 61.5mm, forming wave ring band at middle ring position of raw material, forming outer ring remainder at outer ring position, forming inner ring remainder at inner ring position, forming positioning hole at center to obtain stamped part, positioning by positioning hole, cutting waveform ring band by memorability line to obtain wave spring, stamping raw material between male die and ejector, between upper die and lower die, between lower die plate and upper die of stamping device in embodiment, forming central positioning hole at center of raw material, retaining sufficient deformation allowance size at inner ring and outer ring of stamped part, fixing stamped part by concentric structure of central positioning hole and conventional flange edge positioning, using positive circular hole to ensure coaxial and concentric requirement of part according to common reference principle, the wave of the cut wave spring can be ensured by cutting the shape of the wave spring in a linear wayThe peak-valley consistency prevents the problem of point contact of the peaks and valleys when in use, and guarantees the uniformity of elasticity in a surface contact mode, thereby guaranteeing the quality of the finished wave spring.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-layer three-wave spring;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a defective wave spring obtained by a prior art process;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a batt;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a stamped part construction;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a product structure when the product is approved;
FIG. 6 is an expanded view of FIG. 4 along Φ 39;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the punching apparatus;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of FIG. 7 in dashed line range A;
FIG. 9 is a schematic top view of the structure of FIG. 7;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the upper die;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the upper mat;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of the lower mold;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the structure of the fixing plate;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the construction of the lower stripper plate;
FIG. 15 is a schematic structural view of the lower platen;
FIG. 16 is a schematic structural view of an upper die plate;
fig. 17 is a schematic view of the structure of the upper discharging plate.
The labels in the figures are: 1-lower template, 2-screw I, 3-fixing plate, 4-round pin II, 5-lower template, 6-lower template, 7-screw III, 8-lower stripper plate, 9-upper stripper plate, 10-upper template, 11-upper pressing die, 12-round pin I, 13-upper backing plate, 14-upper template, 15-screw V, 16-die handle, 17-knock rod, 18-screw IV, 19-conical end fastening screw, 20-spring II, 21-spring I, 22-ejector, 23-male die, 24-screw II, 25-screw rod, 26-blank inner ring punch forming part, 27-wave spring punch forming part, 28-blank outer ring part and 29-punch part.
In order to further explain the technical details of the invention, some parts are marked in the attached drawings for further explanation, and the dimension units are all mm. Wherein a1 is R9.5 in FIG. 1, the indicating positions are distributed at three positions on two sides of the wave spring, a2 is 6, a3 is phi 33; in FIG. 2, A-A shows the cross-section at the peak and valley, and the point of the scissor head to the right shows an enlarged cross-sectional view at the peak and valley, with an angle a; the external diameter phi 61.5 and the internal diameter phi 11.5 of the rough material in the figure 3; in FIG. 4, c1 is phi 15, c2 is phi 26.2, c3 is phi 47.8, c4 is 0.4, c5 is R1.5, c6 is phi 33, c7 is phi 41, c8 is phi 52.2, c9 is 33, and c10 indicates a wave-trough structure which is distributed at three positions on two sides; in FIG. 5, b1 is t0.4 and b2 is 35 before molding0 +0.1B3 is 39 before molding0 -0.1。
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Examples are given. A method for processing a wave spring comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting a rough material with a hole in the center by using a 60Si2MnA spring steel strip with the thickness of 0.5mm, wherein the outer diameter phi of the rough material is 61.5mm, and the inner diameter phi is 11.5 mm; the wool is shown in figure 3;
(2) stamping the blank by using a stamping device, wherein after stamping, a waveform ring belt is formed at the middle ring of the blank, an outer ring excess material is formed at the outer ring, an inner ring excess material is formed at the inner ring, and the phi 15mm is formed at the center; positioning the hole to obtain a stamped part; the stamped part is shown in FIG. 4;
(3) vacuum oil quenching is adopted for heat treatment, the quenching temperature is 860 +/-10 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30 +/-10 min, the tempering temperature is 460 +/-20 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30-60 min; the aim is to make the hardness of the material 45-51 HRC;
(4) correcting the parallelism of the stamped parts;
(5) positioning by positioning holes, cutting wave springs on the wave-shaped ring belt, wherein the outer diameter of the wave spring is phi 39-0.1mm, inner diameter of phi 39+0.1mm；
(6) Carrying out chemical oxidation on the wave spring;
(7) when the height of the wave spring is compressed to 3mm, the elastic value is detected to be 43-58N and is qualified;
(8) checking the size according to a technical drawing, and receiving and warehousing after the size is qualified to obtain a finished product; the final product is shown in fig. 5.
In order to effectively press the wool designed by the invention, the inventor also designs a pressing device which has a structure shown in figures 7-17 and comprises a lower die assembly and an upper die assembly; the center of the upper part of the lower die component is provided with a male die 23, a lower die plate 6 is sleeved on the male die 23, a lower die 5 is sleeved on the lower die plate 6, and a lower discharging plate 8 is sleeved on the lower die 5; the center of going up mould subassembly lower part is equipped with an ejector 22, and the cover is equipped with moulding-die 11 on ejector 22, and the cover is equipped with mould 10 on going up moulding-die 11, goes up the cover and is equipped with stripper 9 on mould 10.
The male die 23 and the ejector 22, the lower die plate 6 and the upper pressing die 11, the lower die 5 and the upper die 10, and the lower stripper plate 8 and the upper stripper plate 9 are arranged in a corresponding way at the upper and lower positions. All parts are corresponding in position, uniform stamping on all parts of the wool is guaranteed, and finally the qualified wave spring can be manufactured.
When the upper die assembly and the lower die assembly are stamped together, a blank positioning part is arranged between the male die 23 and the ejector 22, a blank inner ring stamping forming part is arranged between the lower die plate 6 and the upper die 11, a wave spring stamping forming part is arranged between the lower die 5 and the upper die 10, and a blank outer ring stamping forming part is arranged at the inner edge between the lower discharging plate 8 and the upper discharging plate 9. In order to ensure the punching and forming of the wave spring, the inner ring and the outer ring which are formed by the blank are punched through corresponding structures.
The lower die assembly comprises a lower die plate 1, a screw I2 is connected to the center of the lower die plate 1, and the screw I2 is connected with a male die 23; a screw rod 25 is connected in the lower template 1, and the upper part of the screw rod 25 is attached to the lower part of the fixing plate 3; the fixing plate 3 is connected with the lower die 5 through a screw II 24; the fixing plate 3 is connected with a screw III 7, and the upper part of the screw III 7 is movably arranged in the lower discharging plate 8.
The upper die assembly comprises an upper die plate 14, the center of the upper die plate 14 is connected with a die handle 16, a striking rod 17 is connected in the die handle 16, the lower end of the striking rod 17 is connected with an upper backing plate 13, and the upper backing plate 13 is connected with the upper die plate 14 and the upper die 10 through a screw IV 18; the upper template 14 and the upper backing plate 13 are connected through a screw V15, and the lower part of the screw V15 is movably arranged in the upper discharging plate 9.
And springs I21 are sleeved on the screws III 7 between the fixing plate 3 and the lower discharging plate 8 and the screws V15 between the upper backing plate 13 and the upper discharging plate 9 respectively. The spring I21 has the function that when a part is placed on the lower stripper plate 8 to start stamping, the upper die 10 starts to move downwards, the spring 21 plays a role of pressing force, and the upper stripper plate 9 fixes materials through the pressing force. The stamping is completed as the upper die member 10 continues to move downwardly to the desired process height for the part. After the punching is finished, the upper die 10 returns, the spring 21 plays the roles of returning and discharging, the upper discharging plate 9 and the lower discharging plate 8 withdraw the part, and the part is formed.
Round pins I12 are arranged in the fixing plate 3, the upper cushion plate 13 and the upper die 10; round pins II 4 are arranged in the fixed plate 3 and the lower die 5; a conical-end staring screw 19 is arranged between the upper die plate 14 and the die shank 16.
Placing the blanks on an upper die 10, closing an upper die assembly and a lower die assembly, and performing punch forming on the blanks; the blank is positioned under the action of a male die 23 and an ejector 22, the inner ring stamping forming of the blank is completed between a lower die plate 6 and an upper die 11, the wave spring stamping forming is completed between a lower die 5 and an upper die 10, and the outer ring stamping forming of the blank is completed at the inner edge between a lower stripper plate 8 and an upper stripper plate 9, so that a stamped part is obtained; and opening the upper die assembly and the lower die assembly, and taking out the stamped part.
The invention uses punch equipment to punch the mould, and the punch equipment preferably selects type JB 23-35.
The device is used for assisting in processing the wave spring with uniform wave peak and wave valley, and the following describes partial process steps for preparing the wave spring by combining the device:
1. cutting the shape of the blanking line: adopting a 60Si2MnA spring steel belt with the thickness of 0.5mm, and linearly cutting the shape of a blank, wherein the outer diameter phi is 61.5mm, and the inner diameter phi is 11.5mm, as shown in figure 3;
2. the device is used for stamping: placing the rough material obtained in the step (1) between a lower die component and an upper die component, specifically, positioning the rough material by a male die (23) through a hole in the center of the rough material (the male die (23) is matched with a workpiece jacking device (22) to form a positioning hole for punching a flange phi 15 mm), and starting punching after the rough material is placed; the upper die assembly moves towards the lower die assembly, at the moment, the upper stripper plate 9 presses materials to fix the materials, the upper die 10 continues to move downwards, the blanks are arranged between the male die 23 and the ejector 22, between the upper die 10 and the lower die 5, and between the lower die plate 6 and the upper die 11, the upper die assembly completes stamping when moving downwards to the required process height of parts, and finally the upper die assembly returns, the obtained stamped parts are withdrawn by the upper stripper plate 9 and the lower stripper plate 8, and the stamped parts are formed (figure 4);
the structure of the device is shown in fig. 7, in order to process the wave springs with three wave crests and wave troughs, a plurality of parts are arranged, the number of specific parts is shown in table 1, and the structure of the device can be comprehensively known by combining the number of parts and fig. 8-17.
TABLE 1
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A processing method of a wave spring is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: cutting a blank with a hole in the center by using a spring steel strip line, stamping the blank, forming a waveform ring band at the middle ring of the blank after stamping, forming an outer ring excess material at the outer ring, forming an inner ring excess material at the inner ring, forming a positioning hole at the center to obtain a stamped part, positioning by using the positioning hole, and cutting a waveform spring on the waveform ring band to obtain a finished product.
2. The method for processing a wave spring according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting a rough material with a hole in the center by using a spring steel strip line;
(2) stamping the blank, forming a waveform ring belt at the middle ring of the blank after stamping, forming outer ring excess material at the outer ring, forming inner ring excess material at the inner ring, and forming a positioning hole at the center to obtain a stamped part;
(3) heat treating the stamped part;
(4) leveling the stamped part;
(5) positioning by a positioning hole, and cutting the wave-shaped spring on the wave-shaped ring belt;
(6) surface treatment of the wave spring;
(7) detecting elasticity;
(8) checking and accepting to obtain a finished product.
3. The method for processing a wave spring according to claim 1, wherein: the spring steel strip is a 60Si2MnA spring steel strip with the thickness of 0.5 mm; the external diameter phi of the rough material is 61.5mm, and the internal diameter phi of the rough material is 11.5 mm.
4. The method for processing a wave spring according to claim 2, wherein: the heat treatment is vacuum oil quenching heat treatment, the quenching temperature is 860 +/-10 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30 +/-10 min, the tempering temperature is 460 +/-20 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30-60 min.
5. The method for processing a wave spring according to claim 2, wherein: the leveling of the stamped part is to correct parallelism of the stamped part.
6. The method for processing a wave spring according to claim 1, wherein: the outer diameter of the wave spring cut on the wave-shaped annular belt is phi 39-0.1mm, inner diameter of phi 39+0.1mm。
7. The method for processing a wave spring according to claim 2, wherein: the surface treatment of the wave spring is to carry out chemical oxidation on the wave spring.
8. The method for processing a wave spring according to claim 2, wherein: the elasticity detection is to detect the elasticity value of 43-58N when the height of the wave spring is compressed to 3 mm.
9. The method for processing a wave spring according to claim 2, wherein: and checking the size according to a technical drawing during acceptance, and accepting and warehousing after the size is qualified.
10. The method for processing a wave spring according to claim 1, wherein: the positioning hole is phi 15 mm.
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| CN202111248098.9A CN113909820A (en) | 2021-10-26 | 2021-10-26 | Method for processing wave spring |
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| CN202111248098.9A CN113909820A (en) | 2021-10-26 | 2021-10-26 | Method for processing wave spring |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115319422A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-11-11 | 哈尔滨东安实业发展有限公司 | Machining device and machining method for wave spring |
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| CN112872741A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-01 | 瑞安市人民标准件有限公司 | Coiled wave washer and production process thereof |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115319422A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-11-11 | 哈尔滨东安实业发展有限公司 | Machining device and machining method for wave spring |
| CN115319422B (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2023-04-18 | 哈尔滨东安实业发展有限公司 | Machining device and machining method for wave spring |
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