CN113909736B - Nickel-based alloy welding powder and manufacturing method and using method thereof - Google Patents
Nickel-based alloy welding powder and manufacturing method and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113909736B CN113909736B CN202111140490.1A CN202111140490A CN113909736B CN 113909736 B CN113909736 B CN 113909736B CN 202111140490 A CN202111140490 A CN 202111140490A CN 113909736 B CN113909736 B CN 113909736B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
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Abstract
The application relates to nickel-based alloy welding powder, a manufacturing method and a using method, wherein the nickel-based alloy welding powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: c: 0.40-0.60%, si: 2.30-2.60%, P: less than or equal to 0.010%, S less than or equal to 0.005%, fe: 27.0-32.0%, cu: 0.10-0.40%, ce: 0.01-0.06%, Y:0.01 to 0.05%, ni being the balance. The application also comprises a manufacturing method and a using method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder. The welding line has the advantages of reasonable design, low hardness of the welding line, small cracking risk, no need of preheating before welding and no need of heat treatment after welding.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to nickel-based alloy welding powder, a manufacturing method and a using (welding) method thereof, which are mainly suitable for producing nickel-iron-based filling powder for laser welding of low-carbon steel and gray cast iron and a using method thereof.
Background
Welding of mild steel with cast iron dissimilar metal materials is commonly used in various product constructions. The structure of gray cast iron is formed by graphitization process when the molten iron is slowly cooled, and mainly consists of lamellar graphite and pearlite matrix structure. The flaky graphite is equivalent to small cracks in cast iron, the matrix is split, the effective disaster area of steel is reduced, the strength of gray cast iron is reduced, and the plasticity is almost zero. The cast iron has special chemical components and high contents of carbon, silicon, sulfur and phosphorus, wherein the sulfur and the phosphorus are impurity elements, and the low-carbon steel has good welding performance due to low carbon content and low contents of the impurity elements such as sulfur and phosphorus. However, in the region where carbon steel and cast iron are fused, elements in the cast iron, such as carbon, sulfur, phosphorus and the like, which are unfavorable for welding, are diluted toward the carbon steel side. The content fraction of carbon in the welding seam can reach 1.0-2.0%, the sulfur content is high, the formation of FeS and Fe low-melting-point eutectic is promoted, and the welding seam with high carbon content can increase the hot crack sensitivity, so that the welding seam is cracked.
In order to avoid cracks of welding seams between carbon steel and cast iron, welding is performed under the preheating condition by using welding rods special for cast iron at present, and when the lap joint of the carbon steel and the cast iron is welded, slotting is needed on the carbon steel side, so that the degree of automation is low and the production efficiency is low. The laser welding is a welding method with high capacity density, has the characteristics of concentrated energy, small heat affected zone, small welding deformation, high automation degree and the like, has strong penetrating capacity, can directly melt through carbon steel when welding overlap joint of the carbon steel and cast iron, and then melts part of cast iron at the bottom to form a permanent connecting weld joint. For the dissimilar metal welding method of low carbon steel and cast iron, a swing and offset self-fluxing welding process is generally adopted to weld a workpiece to be welded, and swing welding is carried out by using the offset of a laser incidence point to the low carbon steel side of about 35-45% so as to improve the crack resistance of a welding seam.
The risks of weld cracking cannot be fundamentally eradicated by adopting a laser empty melting and light spot swinging mode, fluctuation of 0-0.30 mm exists in a weld gap in the actual product assembling process, and the actual welding power fluctuation problem is easily caused by factors such as welding equipment and product reflectivity, so that fusion rate fluctuation can be caused by slightly careless factors, cracks or poor fusion defects are generated in the weld, and engineering application is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the application is to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provide the nickel-based alloy welding powder suitable for welding carbon steel and cast iron, the manufacturing method and the using method thereof, so that the crack resistance of a welding line is improved, and the welding deformation is reduced.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems comprises the following steps: the nickel-based alloy welding powder suitable for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following components in parts by mass: c: 0.40-0.60%, si: 2.30-2.60%, P: less than or equal to 0.010%, S less than or equal to 0.005%, fe: 27.0-32.0%, cu: 0.10-0.40%, ce: 0.01-0.06%, Y:0.01 to 0.05%, ni being the balance.
When the nickel-based welding material is used, the welding seam has an austenite matrix with good plasticity and is insensitive to cold cracks. In addition, nickel and iron are infinitely miscible, carbon and nickel do not form a compound but exist in a graphite form, and due to the fact that the C content in cast iron is very high, excessive hard brittle carbide can be prevented from being generated after the Ni content is increased, the hardness in a welding line is reduced, and the cracking tendency is reduced. Therefore, the present application adopts Ni element as a matrix and the C content is controlled within the range of 0.40-0.60%.
In addition, si is a ferrite forming element, and a large number of silicides (FeSi, fe 2 Si、Fe 3 Si、Fe 5 Si) which tends to embrittle the structure, but silicon can improve the fluidity of the molten pool, thereby improving the formability of the weld joint and ensuring the beautiful appearance of the weld joint, so that the silicon content is controlled within the range of 2.3-2.5%.
Fe can reduce the component difference between welding seams, cast iron and carbon steel, and can reduce the cost of welding powder, and the content of iron element is increased as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the crack resistance of the welding seams, so that the content of iron is controlled within the range of 27-32%.
The rare earth element Y has stronger desulfurization and dephosphorization effects, so that the eutectic with low melting point among austenite crystals is reduced, meanwhile, crystal grains can be refined, the mechanical property of the weld joint is improved, the thermal cracking resistance is improved, the content of the weld joint grain boundary S, P, si, C is increased by excessive rare earth element Y, the segregation is aggravated, and especially, the content of C among crystals and the segregation degree are greatly increased. And the distribution is gradually deteriorated, so that the weld metal is inevitably deviated from the eutectic composition, the brittleness temperature area is increased, and the hot crack sensitivity of the weld is increased.
The rare earth element Ce has the function of promoting graphitization, and can adjust the type and the distribution of carbon in the welding seam. Besides having a greater influence on the hot cracking sensitivity of the weld, a proper amount of cerium can reduce the hardness of the weld and the semi-melted region. The cerium content is controlled within the range of 0.01-0.06%.
The heat crack sensitivity of the weld metal is increased by the S, the P and other elements, and if the content is higher, the possibility of crack generation is increased, so that the S content is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.005 percent, and the P content is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.010 percent.
Preferably, the Y content in the nickel-based alloy welding powder is controlled to be in the range of 0.02-0.04%, and the Ce content is controlled to be in the range of 0.03-0.06%.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems further comprises the following steps: the manufacturing method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder comprises the following steps:
selecting materials, proportioning, smelting, atomizing, sieving powder, detecting and packaging;
the material selection is to use carbon powder, industrial silicon, iron sheet, metal nickel, copper cerium alloy and copper yttrium alloy as raw materials;
the ingredients are proportioned according to the requirements of the mass percentages of all components in the nickel-based alloy welding powder (all the components meet the requirements of the nickel-based alloy welding powder after the raw materials are proportioned).
The furnace lining material in smelting is magnesia, and the charging sequence is 1/2 mass parts of metallic nickel, carbon powder, industrial silicon, copper-cerium alloy, copper-yttrium alloy, 1/2 mass parts of metallic nickel and iron sheet (the furnace is charged according to the sequence, the burning loss of rare earth elements cerium and yttrium can be avoided to the greatest extent, the whole components are easy to be ensured to be uniform), the smelting time is 45 minutes, the calm time is 2 minutes, and the tapping temperature (smelting temperature) is 1610 ℃.
The nozzle diameter that this application atomizing in-process adopted is 6 mm, and atomizing discharge spout diameter is 5mm, and the atomizing time is 12 minutes, barrel maximum pressure 5800 Pa during the atomizing, and shielding gas is nitrogen gas during the atomizing.
The nickel-based alloy welding powder with the specification of 100-200 meshes is preferable as the welding powder for final use when the powder is sieved.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems further comprises the following steps: the application method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a base material:
the gray cast iron used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.16-3.30%, si: 1.79-1.93%, mn: 0.89-1.04%, S: 0.094-0.125%, P: 0.12-0.17%, the minimum tensile strength is 250MPa, and the thickness is more than or equal to 4mm;
the carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, mn: less than or equal to 1.40 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.040 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.040%, the minimum tensile strength is 250MPa, and the thickness is 2-4 mm;
placing carbon steel on the surface of gray cast iron, and leaving a gap of 0-0.30 mm between the carbon steel and the gray cast iron;
(2) Laser powder filling welding:
the nickel-based alloy welding powder is synchronously filled in the welding process by adopting a laser welding method, and the welding is completed by utilizing laser welding energy.
Preferably, in the step 2, the laser powder filling welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3000-5000W, the welding speed is 0.7-1.2 m/min, the defocusing amount is-4-0 mm, the welding shielding gas is 99.999% Ar, the shielding gas flow is 10-15L/min, the laser spot diameter is 0.7-1.0 mm, the powder feeding speed is 1.5-2.2 g/min, the powder feeding gas is 99.999% He, and the powder feeding gas flow is 3-7L/min.
Further, when the laser powder filling welding is in arc receiving, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the powder feeding speed is kept unchanged, other parameters are kept unchanged, and 0.5S is maintained. The size of the arc pit can be reduced, and arc pit cracks are avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this application lies in:
compared with the traditional arc welding, the laser powder filling welding method does not need to cut a groove or a preset hole on the carbon steel side. In addition, the heat input in the welding process can be effectively controlled, the welding deformation of the workpiece is reduced, and good fusion between the carbon steel and the cast iron can be ensured.
Compared with the existing laser empty melting powder filling-free process, the cracking resistance of the welding seam is improved, the cast iron side penetration depth can be improved from about 0.4 mm to 3 mm, the workpiece assembly gap adaptability is greatly improved, and the method has high engineering popularization value.
When the laser blank fusion welding is adopted, the white cast iron area in the welding line is wide, the hardness in the welding line is up to 700 HV2, and when the laser powder filling welding method is adopted, the hardness of the welding line is reduced to 250-450 HV2, the hardness of the welding line is low, the cracking risk is low, preheating is not needed before welding, and heat treatment is not needed after welding.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic application diagram of an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The nickel-based alloy welding powder suitable for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following components in parts by mass: c: 0.40-0.60%, si: 2.30-2.60%, P: less than or equal to 0.010%, S less than or equal to 0.005%, fe: 27.0-32.0%, cu: 0.10-0.40%, ce: 0.01-0.06%, Y:0.01 to 0.05%, ni being the balance.
The application method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder (for welding carbon steel and cast iron) comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a base material:
the cast iron 1 used in the application is gray cast iron, and comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.16-3.30%, si: 1.79-1.93%, mn: 0.89-1.04%, S: 0.094-0.125%, P: 0.12-0.17%, the minimum tensile strength is 250MPa, and the thickness H1 is more than or equal to 4mm.
The carbon steel 2 used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, mn: less than or equal to 1.40 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.040 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.040%, the minimum tensile strength is 250MPa, and the thickness H2 is 2-4 mm.
Referring to fig. 1, (1) placing ungrooved (flat plate) carbon steel 2 on the surface of cast iron 1, wherein a gap L1 between the ungrooved (flat plate) carbon steel and the cast iron 1 is 0-0.30 mm;
(2) Laser powder filling welding:
and (3) applying laser to the central area of the welding seam 3 of the carbon steel 2 by adopting a laser welding method, gradually forming a final welding seam 3 shown in fig. 1, synchronously filling the nickel-based alloy welding powder after the carbon steel 2 begins to melt, and completing welding by utilizing laser welding energy.
Preferably, in the step 2, the welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3000-5000W, the welding speed is 0.7-1.2 m/min, the defocusing amount is-4-0 mm, the welding shielding gas is 99.999% Ar, the shielding gas flow is 10-15L/min, the laser spot diameter is 0.7-1.0 mm, the powder feeding speed is 1.5-2.2 g/min, the powder feeding gas is 99.999% He, and the powder feeding gas flow is 3-7L/min.
Further, when the laser powder filling welding mode is adopted for arc collection, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the powder feeding speed is kept unchanged, other parameters are kept unchanged, and 0.5S is maintained. The size of the arc pit can be reduced, and arc pit cracks are avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this application lies in:
compared with the traditional arc welding, the laser powder filling method does not need to cut a groove or a preset hole on the carbon steel side. In addition, the heat input in the welding process can be effectively controlled, the welding deformation of the workpiece is reduced, and good fusion between the carbon steel and the cast iron can be ensured.
Compared with the existing laser empty melting powder filling-free process, the cracking resistance of the welding seam is improved, the cast iron side penetration H can be improved from about 0.4 mm to about 3 mm, the workpiece assembly gap adaptability is greatly improved, and the method has high engineering popularization value.
When the laser blank fusion welding is adopted, the white cast iron area in the welding line is wide, the hardness in the welding line is up to 700 HV2, and when the laser powder filling welding method is adopted, the hardness of the welding line is reduced to 250-450 HV2, the hardness of the welding line is low, the cracking risk is low, preheating is not needed before welding, and heat treatment is not needed after welding.
The present application is further explained below in connection with specific embodiments:
example 1
The welding powder was prepared using the formulation with each chemical component as the lower limit of the present application, and the welding process parameters were parameters of the middle region of the present application to complete the weld joint of example 1.
The nickel-based alloy welding powder for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following components in parts by mass: c:0.41%, si:2.31%, P:0.002%, S:0.002%, fe:27.1%, ce:0.012%, Y:0.012 percent, ni is the balance, and the welding powder specification is 100-200 meshes.
The application method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a base material:
the gray cast iron used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c:3.21%, si:1.83%, mn:0.94%, S:0.11%, P:0.14%, minimum tensile strength 250MPa, thickness 10mm.
The carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c:0.14%, si:0.11%, mn:1.12%, S:0.01%, P:0.02 percent, the tensile strength is 267MPa, and the thickness is 2.5 and mm.
And placing carbon steel on the surface of cast iron, and leaving a gap of 0-0.30 mm between the carbon steel and the cast iron.
(2) Laser powder filling welding:
the welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 4000W, the welding speed is 0.95m/min, the defocusing amount is-2 mm, the welding shielding gas is 99.999% Ar, the shielding gas flow is 13L/min, the laser spot diameter is 1.0mm, the powder feeding speed is 1.9g/min, the powder feeding gas is 99.999% He, and the powder feeding gas flow is 5L/min.
When the arc is received, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the powder feeding speed is kept unchanged, the other parameters are kept unchanged, and the laser welding power is maintained to be 0.5S.
(3) And (5) naturally cooling to room temperature after welding.
Example 2
The welding powder was prepared using the formulation with each chemical component as the upper limit of the present application, and the welding process parameters were parameters of the middle region of the present application to complete the weld joint of example 2.
The nickel-based alloy welding powder for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following components in parts by mass: c:0.59%, si:2.58%, P:0.009%, S:0.004%, fe:29.8%, ce:0.058%, Y:0.048%, ni is the rest, and the specification of the welding powder is 100-200 meshes.
The application method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of base material
The gray cast iron used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c:3.21%, si:1.83% Mn:0.94% S:0.11% P:0.14 And the minimum tensile strength is 250MPa, and the thickness is 5mm.
The carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c:0.14%, si:0.11%, mn:1.12%, S:0.01%, P:0.02 Percent, tensile strength 267MPa and thickness 2.5mm.
And placing carbon steel on the surface of cast iron, and leaving a gap of 0-0.30 mm between the carbon steel and the cast iron.
(2) Laser powder filling welding
The welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 4000W, the welding speed is 0.95m/min, the defocusing amount is-2 mm, the welding shielding gas is 99.999% Ar, the shielding gas flow is 13L/min, the laser spot diameter is 1.0mm, the powder feeding speed is 1.9g/min, the powder feeding gas is 99.999% He, and the powder feeding gas flow is 5L/min. The movement track of laser powder filling welding is linear.
When the arc is received, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the powder feeding speed is kept unchanged, the other parameters are kept unchanged, and the laser welding power is maintained to be 0.5S.
(3) And (5) naturally cooling to room temperature after welding.
Example 3
The welding powder was prepared using the formulation with each chemical component as the middle region of the present application, and the welding process parameters were parameters of the middle region of the present application to complete the weld joint of example 3.
The nickel-based alloy welding powder for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following components in parts by mass: c:0.51%, si:2.45%, P:0.005%, S:0.004%, fe:28.5%, ce:0.035%, Y:0.03 percent of Ni and the balance of 100-200 meshes of welding powder.
The application method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of base material
The gray cast iron used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c:3.21%, si:1.83% Mn:0.94% S:0.11% P:0.14 And the minimum tensile strength is 250MPa, and the thickness is 8mm.
The carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c:0.14%, si:0.11%, mn:1.12%, S:0.01%, P:0.02 Percent, tensile strength 267MPa, thickness 3.0mm.
And placing carbon steel on the surface of cast iron, and leaving a gap of 0-0.30 mm between the carbon steel and the cast iron.
(2) Laser powder filling welding
The welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 4000W, the welding speed is 0.95m/min, the defocusing amount is-2 mm, the welding shielding gas is 99.999% Ar, the shielding gas flow is 13L/min, the laser spot diameter is 0.8mm, the powder feeding speed is 1.9g/min, the powder feeding gas is 99.999% He, and the powder feeding gas flow is 5L/min.
When the arc is received, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the powder feeding speed is kept unchanged, the other parameters are kept unchanged, and the laser welding power is maintained to be 0.5S.
(3) And (5) naturally cooling to room temperature after welding.
Example 4
The welding powder was prepared using the formulation with each chemical component being the middle region of the present application and the welding process parameters being the parameters of the lower limit of the present application to complete the weld joint of example 4.
The nickel-based alloy welding powder for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following components in parts by mass: c:0.51%, si:2.45%, P:0.005%, S:0.004%, fe:28.5%, ce:0.035%, Y:0.03 percent of Ni and the balance of 100-200 meshes of welding powder.
The application method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of base material
The gray cast iron used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c:3.21%, si:1.83% Mn:0.94% S:0.11% P:0.14 And (3) the minimum tensile strength is 250MPa, and the thickness is 4mm.
The carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c:0.14%, si:0.11%, mn:1.12%, S:0.01%, P:0.02 Percent, tensile strength 267MPa and thickness 2.0mm.
And placing carbon steel on the surface of cast iron, and leaving a gap of 0-0.30 mm between the carbon steel and the cast iron.
(2) Laser powder filling welding
The welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3000W, the welding speed is 1.2 m/min, the defocusing amount is 0mm, the welding shielding gas is 99.999% Ar, the shielding gas flow is 10L/min, the laser spot diameter is 0.7mm, the powder feeding speed is 1.5g/min, the powder feeding gas is 99.999% He, and the powder feeding gas flow is 3L/min.
When the arc is received, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the powder feeding speed is kept unchanged, the other parameters are kept unchanged, and the laser welding power is maintained to be 0.5S.
(3) And (5) naturally cooling to room temperature after welding.
Example 5
The welding powder was prepared using the formulation with each chemical component being the middle region of the present application and the welding process parameters being the upper limit of the present application to complete the weld joint of example 5.
The nickel-based alloy welding powder for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following components in parts by mass: c:0.51%, si:2.45%, P:0.005%, S:0.004%, fe:28.5%, ce:0.035%, Y:0.03 percent of Ni and the balance of 100-200 meshes of welding powder.
The application method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of base material
The gray cast iron used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c:3.21%, si:1.83% Mn:0.94% S:0.11% P:0.14 And the minimum tensile strength is 250MPa, and the thickness is 10mm.
The carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c:0.14%, si:0.11%, mn:1.12%, S:0.01%, P:0.02 Percent, tensile strength is 267MPa, and thickness is 4.0mm.
And placing carbon steel on the surface of cast iron, and leaving a gap of 0-0.30 mm between the carbon steel and the cast iron.
(2) Laser powder filling welding
The welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 5000W, the welding speed is 0.7m/min, the defocusing amount is-4.0 mm, the welding shielding gas is 99.999% Ar, the shielding gas flow is 15L/min, the laser spot diameter is 1.0mm, the powder feeding speed is 2.2g/min, the powder feeding gas is 99.999% He, and the powder feeding gas flow is 7L/min.
When the arc is received, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the powder feeding speed is kept unchanged, the other parameters are kept unchanged, and the laser welding power is maintained to be 0.5S.
(3) And (5) naturally cooling to room temperature after welding.
Example 6
The welding powder was prepared using the formulation with each chemical component being the middle region of the present application and the welding process parameters being the upper limit of the present application to complete the weld joint of example 6.
The nickel-based alloy welding powder for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following components in parts by mass: c:0.51%, si:2.45%, P:0.005%, S:0.004%, fe:28.5%, ce:0.035%, Y:0.03 percent of Ni and the balance of 100-200 meshes of welding powder.
The application method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of base material
The gray cast iron used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c:3.21%, si:1.83% Mn:0.94% S:0.11% P:0.14 And the minimum tensile strength is 250MPa, and the thickness is 10mm.
The carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c:0.14%, si:0.11%, mn:1.12%, S:0.01%, P:0.02 Percent, tensile strength 267MPa and thickness 2.0mm.
And placing carbon steel on the surface of cast iron, and leaving a gap of 0-0.30 mm between the carbon steel and the cast iron.
(2) Laser powder filling welding
The welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 5000W, the welding speed is 0.7m/min, the defocusing amount is 0mm, the welding shielding gas is 99.999% Ar, the shielding gas flow is 15L/min, the laser spot diameter is 1.0mm, the powder feeding speed is 2.2g/min, the powder feeding gas is 99.999% He, and the powder feeding gas flow is 7L/min. The movement track of laser powder filling welding is linear.
When the arc is received, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the powder feeding speed is kept unchanged, the other parameters are kept unchanged, and the laser welding power is maintained to be 0.5S.
(3) And (5) naturally cooling to room temperature after welding.
Any simple modification or combination of technical features and technical solutions of the present application should be considered to fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. The use method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: c: 0.40-0.60%, si: 2.30-2.60%, P: less than or equal to 0.010%, S less than or equal to 0.005%, fe: 27.0-32.0%, cu: 0.10-0.40%, ce: 0.01-0.06%, Y: 0.01-0.05%, ni being the balance; the using method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a base material:
the gray cast iron comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.16-3.30%, si: 1.79-1.93%, mn: 0.89-1.04%, S: 0.094-0.125%, P: 0.12-0.17%, the minimum tensile strength is 250MPa, and the thickness is more than or equal to 4mm;
the carbon steel comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, mn: less than or equal to 1.40 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.040 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.040%, the minimum tensile strength is 250MPa, and the thickness is 2-4 mm;
placing carbon steel on the surface of gray cast iron, and leaving a gap of 0-0.30 mm between the carbon steel and the gray cast iron;
(2) Laser powder filling welding:
and (3) synchronously filling the nickel-based alloy welding powder in the welding process by adopting a laser welding method, and finishing welding by utilizing laser energy.
2. The use method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder according to claim 1, wherein the use method comprises the following steps: the laser powder filling welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3000-5000W, the welding speed is 0.7-1.2 m/min, the defocusing amount is-4-0 mm, the welding shielding gas is 99.999% Ar, the shielding gas flow is 10-15L/min, the laser spot diameter is 0.7-1.0 mm, the powder feeding speed is 1.5-2.2 g/min, the powder feeding gas is 99.999% He, and the powder feeding gas flow is 3-7L/min.
3. The use method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder according to claim 2, wherein the use method comprises the following steps: when the laser powder filling welding is in arc receiving, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the powder feeding speed is kept unchanged, other parameters are kept unchanged, and 0.5S is maintained.
4. The use method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder according to claim 1, wherein the use method comprises the following steps: the Y content in the nickel-based alloy welding powder is in the range of 0.02-0.04%.
5. The use method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder according to claim 1, wherein the use method comprises the following steps: the Ce content is in the range of 0.03-0.06%.
6. A method of using the nickel-based alloy welding powder of claim 1, wherein the nickel-based alloy welding powder is prepared by the steps of:
selecting materials, proportioning, smelting, atomizing, sieving powder, detecting and packaging;
the material selection is to use carbon powder, industrial silicon, iron sheet, metal nickel, copper cerium alloy and copper yttrium alloy as raw materials;
the furnace lining material is magnesite, and the charging sequence is 1/2 mass parts of metallic nickel, carbon powder, industrial silicon, copper-cerium alloy, copper-yttrium alloy, 1/2 mass parts of metallic nickel and iron sheet, the smelting time of nickel-based alloy welding powder is 45 minutes, the calm time is 2 minutes, and the tapping temperature is 1610 ℃.
7. The use method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder according to claim 6, wherein the use method comprises the following steps: the diameter of a nozzle adopted in the atomization process is 6 mm, the diameter of an atomization leakage nozzle is 5mm, the atomization time is 12 minutes, the maximum pressure of the cylinder body during atomization is 5800 Pa, and the protective gas during atomization is nitrogen.
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