CN113907583A - 一种轻便型结构保暖材料、睡袋及其制作方法 - Google Patents
一种轻便型结构保暖材料、睡袋及其制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113907583A CN113907583A CN202111348317.0A CN202111348317A CN113907583A CN 113907583 A CN113907583 A CN 113907583A CN 202111348317 A CN202111348317 A CN 202111348317A CN 113907583 A CN113907583 A CN 113907583A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种轻便型结构保暖材料、睡袋及其制作方法,结构保暖材料包括外层、中间层和内层,外层为红外低发射率层,中间层为热传导隔热层,内层为红外阻隔层,红外低发射率层采用半导体氧化物镀层织物、金属镀层织物、石墨烯杂化金属涂层或镀层复合织物中的一种,热传导隔热层为纤维或/和羽绒集合体填充保暖材料,红外阻隔层为纳米半导体材料涂料涂层织物。本发明还公开了一种睡袋,其包括位于上层的拱形部和位于下层的平铺部,拱形部和平铺部均采用上述的轻便型结构保暖材料制成。本发明通过构建红外低发射—热传导阻断—红外吸收阻断模式的结构保暖材料,同时阻断热传导和热辐射散热方式,提高材料隔热保暖性能,大幅度减轻睡袋重量和厚度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及睡袋技术领域,尤其涉及一种轻便型结构保暖材料、睡袋及其制作方法。
背景技术
目前,户外工作和运动成为人们工作和生活的一部分,野外宿营装备成为必不可少的设施。在野外宿营装备中,睡袋作为野外宿营特别在寒冷气候条件下的保暖必需品,其轻便保暖和方便收纳是睡袋研究重点。综合考虑野外工作方式和环境条件,特别是在高海拔山区交通不便,只能通过个人携带方式对睡袋进行运输。为实现轻便保暖的目标,新型结构保暖材料开发策略成为技术关键。
从现有文献分析可知,关于睡袋的研究大部分的相关专利和文章主要集中在睡袋的结构设计,增加使用和携带的便利性。在睡袋的保暖功能方面,已有文献提出的解决方案主要包括:(1)主动保暖方式,采用外加能源加热,实现对睡袋的保温。这种方式虽然可以解决睡袋自身的重量问题,但携行者需要另外携带外加能源(主要是电源),这无疑增加了携行者携带重量,并且外加能源的使用时间是有限的,同时会给携带者带来困扰。(2)被动式保暖方式,通常包括几种方式,一是采用充气式结构,通过在睡袋中充满静止空气的方式,利用静止空气比较低的热传导性能,达到保暖效果。但充气式结构往往存在体积大,睡袋材料密闭性要求高,需要携带充气装置等问题。二是采用气凝胶材料,包括纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶和纤维气凝胶膜等,主要利用气凝胶非常小的容重,比较低的导热系数,实现睡袋的轻便保暖效果,但实践证明,气凝胶无论采用无机(主要是二氧化硅)体系,还是纤维气凝胶体系,在睡袋使用过程中,不可避免地在受到外力作用会产生破碎和变形,从而大幅度降低保暖性能。三是采用传统的纤维集合体形态,包括羽绒和各种粗细纤维等,但也存在保暖量不足或睡袋重量太重,以及受到外力压缩后形态容易变化导致保暖量大幅降低的问题。
根据物理学基本理论,人体散热途径主要包括四个方面:1、人体对环境产生的热辐射,2、人体与环境之间的热传导,3、人体表面空气分子运动产生对流,4、人体散湿(水分子)带走的汽化潜热。在人体处于不同状态下,上述四种散热方式所占比例有重大不同。但热辐射和热传导这两种方式所产生的人体热量散失是不可避免的。当人体保暖适中并且处于无运动(如静坐、睡眠等)状态下,人体不会出现显汗,此时人体基本上仅有通过呼吸带走水汽,因此,在这种情况下,汽化潜热所带走热量占人体散热比例较小;空气流动而产生的对流散热,也只有在有明显空气流动状态下起到作用,因此,在野外宿营睡眠状态下,人体热辐射和热传导方式散热占据较大比例,目前相关文献报导睡袋结构保暖材料的开发策略基本上仅仅采用高热阻材料遏制热量的散失,但从未同时重点关注热辐射和热传导这两种方式造成的人体散热。
热辐射,是物体由于具有温度而辐射电磁波的现象,是一种物体用电磁辐射的形式把热能向外散发的热传方式,由于此部分电磁波波长位于红外区域,又可称为红外线(光)辐射。一切温度高于绝对零度的物体都能产生热辐射,温度愈高,辐射出的总能量就愈大,而且热辐射换热与导热、对流换热不同、它不依赖物体的接触而进行热量传递。热辐射基本物理性质和规律遵循基尔霍夫辐射定律、普朗克辐射分布定律、斯蒂藩-玻耳兹曼定律、维恩位移定律。依据上述基本规律和理论,在实际生活和工作中,现有研究在不断探讨减少甚至阻隔人体热量以热辐射方式散热的方式,从已有文献可知,研究人员主要采用对电磁波反射的理论和规律,实现对热辐射的减少。在纺织服装中,通常采用在织物表面复合金属膜层的方法,并且以金属膜层面向人体(辐射热源)的结构形式作为减少或阻隔人体热量散失的策略,在众多商品化产品中得以实施。从理论分析可知,除了红外线辐射反射原理外,阻隔红外线辐射的理论方法还有利用局域表面等离子共振原理和红外线低发射率。局域表面等离子共振是指当光线入射到由某些金属构成的纳米颗粒上时,如果入射光子频率与金属纳米颗粒或金属传导电子的整体振动频率相匹配时,就会发生局域表面等离子体共振现象,在光谱上出现一个强共振吸收峰,纳米颗粒或金属会对光子能量产生很强的吸收作用。通过选择金属元素,利用金属纳米粒子对红外线的强吸收作用,可以实现对红外线的阻隔效果。红外发射率是指物体表面单位面积上辐射出的辐通量与同温度下黑体辐射出的辐通量的比值。结合斯蒂藩-玻耳兹曼定律可知,物体表面向外发射红外线能量与物体温度和红外发射率有关,可以通过降低物体表面温度和选择低红外发射率的材料,实现降低红外线发射能量。上述分析可以看出,热辐射方式的特征,也可以被认为是一种由材料表面向外环境发射的一种热能。通过改变材料表面特性,可以实现对热辐射能量的管控。
根据热传导理论和基本规律,热量传递速率取决于接触面积、温度场梯度(两点之间的温度差大小)、材料本身的导热系数,因此人体通过热传导散热取决于材料的本身特性(导热系数大小)、材料的结构形态以及人体所处的环境条件(人体与环境之间的温度场梯度),其中材料的导热系数选择和结构设计是人为可控的,是阻隔热传导的关键。根据上述理论和工程实践中可知,材料的导热系数大小与材料分子特性和材料结构密度有关,真空是目前所知导热系数最小的,但其在柔性结构材料中无法实现,人们通常采用材料与静止空气的复合结构体,来实现导热系数的极小值,因此如何实现结构材料中静止空气最大含量,成为保暖材料设计研究重点。上述分析可知,只有通过材料整体性能特性,才能实现对热传导的管控。
与工程上的保暖材料不同,用于人体的保暖材料,不仅要求轻便保暖,而且要求柔软舒适(包括力学舒适和热湿舒适)和便于收纳携带,因此工程上用保暖材料与人体保暖材料的设计策略完全不同。在用于人体的保暖材料中,睡袋的使用方式又与服装不同。睡袋在使用过程中的受力状态更为复杂,当人身体躺卧时,睡袋下半部分受到人体重量的挤压,在重力挤压下,材料通常会产生压缩形变,这将有可能改变睡袋材料结构状态,进而使其保暖量值大幅下降,使睡袋保暖效果发生重大改变。这就要求睡袋结构材料设计策略,不仅具有良好的保暖性,而且具有优良的抗压缩性能,同时又方便收纳携带。
发明内容
针对使用现有材料的睡袋所存在的保暖效果低、不利于携带、易受外部环境因素影响而降低保暖效果的问题,本发明公开了一种轻便型结构保暖材料、睡袋及其制作方法。
本发明公开了一种轻便型结构保暖材料,所述的结构保暖材料包括外层、中间层和内层,外层为红外低发射率层,中间层为热传导隔热层,内层为红外阻隔层,其中红外低发射率层采用半导体氧化物镀层织物、金属镀层织物、半导体氧化物和金属复合镀层织物、石墨烯杂化金属涂层或镀层复合织物中的一种,红外阻隔层为纳米半导体材料涂料涂层织物,热传导隔热层为纤维或/和羽绒集合体填充保暖材料。
所述的热传导隔热层,为具有抗垂直压缩性能的纤维或/和羽绒集合体填充的桥拱形发泡材料。
本发明公开了一种睡袋,其包括位于上层的拱形部和位于下层的平铺部,拱形部和平铺部均采用上述轻便型结构保暖材料制成。平铺部所采用的轻便型结构保暖材料中,其热传导隔热层为具有抗垂直压缩性能的纤维或/和羽绒集合体填充的桥拱形发泡材料,且该桥拱形发泡材料的拱出方向与平铺部伸展方向垂直且向上,拱形部与平铺部通过其轻便型结构保暖材料的外层和内层分别连接,构成整体结构。
所述的半导体氧化物为铟锡氧化物ITO、锡锑氧化物ATO、镓锡氧化物GTO中的一种,或其中几种构成的混合物。
所述的金属镀层采用金属化学镀层、磁控溅射金属镀层、真空金属镀层中的一种或几种混合,其中金属为银、铜、铝、镍中的一种或几种。
所述的纳米半导体材料涂料涂层织物为铯钨青铜CsxWO3参杂硼涂层织物。
所述的石墨烯杂化金属涂层/镀层复合织物为石墨烯杂化氧化铝片状涂料涂层织物。
所述的红外低发射率层的涂层/镀层复合织物的红外发射率小于0.5。
所述的红外低发射率层和红外阻隔层中的织物为阻燃聚酯纤维、阻燃聚酰胺纤维、阻燃聚烯烃纤维中一种或几种的交织物,所使用的纤维细度为15-200dtex,织物组织采用平纹、斜纹、缎纹中一种或几种,织物平方米克重为30-100g/m2。
所述的纤维或/和羽绒集合体填充保暖材料为阻燃羽绒、阻燃聚酯、聚酰亚胺中一种或几种的混合物,纤维或/和羽绒集合体填充保暖材料的体积密度为0.002g/cm3-0.06g/cm3。
所述的桥拱形发泡材料为聚酰亚胺,其体积密度为30~60kg/m3,桥拱形发泡材料的拱形高度与跨度比值为1:3。
所述的具有抗垂直压缩性能的纤维或/和羽绒集合体填充的桥拱形发泡材料的体积密度为0.002g/cm3-0.06g/cm3。
本发明公开了一种所述睡袋的制作方法,其步骤包括:
S1、采用40D/12f化学镀银阻燃聚酰胺长丝与40D/12f蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝进行双层局部结接织物织造,制备成由单层平方米克重为44-46g/m2的金属银聚酰胺长丝和蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝构成的双层平纹局部结接织物,将其经过100℃水洗20min并烘干定型后,将包含含量为8-12%的铯钨青铜CsxWO3参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层胶经滚筒印花转印至该双层平纹局部结接织物的蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝表面,并在150℃温度下对该聚氨酯涂层胶进行固化交联形成涂层膜;在涂胶后的双层平纹局部结接织物的两结接点中充气并填充阻燃羽绒,所填充的阻燃羽绒的体积重量为0.0015-0.0025g/cm3,从而制备获得睡袋上层的拱形部的结构保暖材料。
S2、分别采用40D/12f化学镀银阻燃聚酰胺长丝和40D/12f蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝进行单层织物织造,制备成单层平方米克重为44-46g/m2的金属镀银织物和蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝织物,将该两种织物分别经过100℃水洗20min并烘干定型后,将包含含量为8-12%铯钨青铜CsxWO3参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层胶经滚筒印花转印至蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝织物正面,并在150℃温度下对该聚氨酯涂层胶进行固化交联形成涂层膜;将金属镀银织物与经过涂层的蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝织物的非涂层面相对,两织物中间夹持并贴合桥拱形聚酰亚胺发泡体,该发泡体体积密度为30kg/m3,并在桥拱形聚酰亚胺发泡体的桥墩处对金属镀银织物与经过涂层的蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝织物进行缝合;在两织物所夹持贴合的桥拱形聚酰亚胺发泡体的桥拱中间充气并填充阻燃羽绒,所填充的阻燃羽绒的体积重量为0.0015-0.0025g/cm3,从而制备获得睡袋下层的平铺部的结构保暖材料。
S3、将步骤S1与步骤S2所分别获得的上层的拱形部和下层的平铺部的结构保暖材料,按睡袋形态对二者的结构保暖材料进行两侧缝合,缝合处用防水胶条贴合,从而获得所述的睡袋。
本发明的有益效果为:本发明通过构建红外低发射—热传导阻断—红外吸收阻断模式的结构保暖材料,同时阻断热传导和热辐射散热方式,提高材料的隔热保暖性能,大幅度减轻睡袋的重量和厚度,实现野外作业的轻便功效;通过构建桥拱形发泡结构与纤维或/和羽绒集合体填充相结合,利用桥拱式结构,减轻了发泡材料的重量的同时,避免了睡袋下层在人体躺卧时因重量而产生压缩变形,解决了人体躺卧时,因压力造成保暖材料体积重量的大幅变化,引发睡袋隔热效能大幅度下降的难题;同时桥拱式顶部的厚度大幅度减少,解决睡袋卷绕收纳。
附图说明
图1为本发明的睡袋结构示意图;图1中,101为平铺下层,102为防水密封条,103为拱形上层。
图2为本发明的平铺的下层结构保暖材料结构层次示意图。图2中,201为桥拱型热传导阻隔层,202为红外吸收阻隔层,203为纤维或/和羽绒集合体填充物,204为红外低辐射层。
具体实施方式
为了更好的了解本发明内容,这里给出四个实施例。图1为本发明的睡袋结构示意图;图2为本发明的平铺的下层结构保暖材料结构层次示意图。
本发明首先公开了一种轻便型结构保暖材料,所述的结构保暖材料包括外层、中间层和内层,外层为红外低发射率层,中间层为热传导隔热层,内层为红外阻隔层,其中红外低发射率层采用半导体氧化物镀层织物、金属镀层织物、半导体氧化物和金属复合镀层织物、石墨烯杂化金属涂层或镀层复合织物中的一种,红外阻隔层为纳米半导体材料涂料涂层织物,热传导隔热层为纤维或/和羽绒集合体填充保暖材料。
所述的热传导隔热层,为具有抗垂直压缩性能的纤维或/和羽绒集合体填充的桥拱形发泡材料。
本发明公开了一种睡袋,其包括位于上层的拱形部和位于下层的平铺部,如图1所示,拱形部和平铺部均采用上述轻便型结构保暖材料制成。平铺部所采用的轻便型结构保暖材料中,其热传导隔热层为具有抗垂直压缩性能的纤维或/和羽绒集合体填充的桥拱形发泡材料,且该桥拱形发泡材料的拱出方向与平铺部伸展方向垂直且向上,如图2所示,拱形部与平铺部通过其轻便型结构保暖材料的外层和内层分别连接,构成整体结构。
所述的半导体氧化物为铟锡氧化物(ITO)、锡锑氧化物(ATO)、镓锡氧化物(GTO)中的一种,或其中几种构成的混合物。
所述的金属镀层采用金属化学镀层、磁控溅射金属镀层、真空金属镀层中的一种或几种混合,其中金属为银、铜、铝、镍中的一种或几种。
所述的纳米半导体材料涂料涂层织物为铯钨青铜(CsxWO3)参杂硼涂层织物。
所述的石墨烯杂化金属涂层/镀层复合织物为石墨烯杂化氧化铝片状涂料涂层织物。
所述的红外低发射率层的涂层/镀层复合织物的红外发射率小于0.5。
所述的红外低发射率层和红外阻隔层中的织物为阻燃聚酯纤维、阻燃聚酰胺纤维、阻燃聚烯烃纤维中一种或几种的交织物,所使用的纤维细度为15-200dtex,织物组织采用平纹、斜纹、缎纹中一种或几种,织物平方米克重为30-100g/m2。
所述的纤维或/和羽绒集合体填充保暖材料为阻燃羽绒、阻燃聚酯、聚酰亚胺中一种或几种的混合物,纤维或/和羽绒集合体填充保暖材料的体积密度为0.002g/cm3-0.06g/cm3。
所述的桥拱形发泡材料为聚酰亚胺,其体积密度为30~60kg/m3,桥拱形发泡材料的拱形高度与跨度比值为1:3。
所述的具有抗垂直压缩性能的纤维或/和羽绒集合体填充的桥拱形发泡材料的体积密度为0.002g/cm3-0.06g/cm3。
实施例1
本实施例公开了一种所述睡袋的制作方法,其步骤包括:
S1、采用40D/12f化学镀银阻燃聚酰胺长丝与40D/12f蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝进行双层局部结接织物织造,制备成由单层平方米克重为44-46g/m2的金属银聚酰胺长丝和蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝构成的双层平纹局部结接织物,将其经过100℃水洗20min并烘干定型后,将包含含量为8-12%的铯钨青铜CsxWO3参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层胶经滚筒印花转印至该双层平纹局部结接织物的蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝表面,并在150℃温度下对该聚氨酯涂层胶进行固化交联形成涂层膜;在涂胶后的双层平纹局部结接织物的两结接点中充气并填充阻燃羽绒,所填充的阻燃羽绒的体积重量为0.0015-0.0025g/cm3,从而制备获得睡袋上层的拱形部的结构保暖材料。
S2、分别采用40D/12f化学镀银阻燃聚酰胺长丝和40D/12f蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝进行单层织物织造,制备成单层平方米克重为44-46g/m2的金属镀银织物和蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝织物,将该两种织物分别经过100℃水洗20min并烘干定型后,将包含含量为8-12%铯钨青铜CsxWO3参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层胶经滚筒印花转印至蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝织物正面,并在150℃温度下对该聚氨酯涂层胶进行固化交联形成涂层膜;将金属镀银织物与经过涂层的蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝织物的非涂层面相对,两织物中间夹持并贴合桥拱形聚酰亚胺发泡体,该发泡体体积密度为30kg/m3,并在桥拱形聚酰亚胺发泡体的桥墩处对金属镀银织物与经过涂层的蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝织物进行缝合(图2);在两织物所夹持贴合的桥拱形聚酰亚胺发泡体的桥拱中间充气并填充阻燃羽绒,所填充的阻燃羽绒的体积重量为0.0015-0.0025g/cm3,从而制备获得睡袋下层的平铺部的结构保暖材料。
S3、将步骤S1与步骤S2所分别获得的上层的拱形部和下层的平铺部的结构保暖材料,按睡袋形态对二者的结构保暖材料进行两侧缝合,缝合处用防水胶条贴合,从而获得所述的睡袋。
参考GB7287.10红外辐射加热器光谱法向发射率测量方法和GB/T 30127-2013纺织品远红外性能的检测和评价相关标准,采用HB 20540-2018隐身材料红外发射率测试方法,利用ET100型红外发射率测试仪器上述织物镀银面的红外发射率为0.12。采用GB/T11048中方法A对上述睡袋的结构保暖材料的热阻进行测试,上层羽绒填充结构材料测试热阻值为1.18m2K/W。下层纤维或/和羽绒集合体填充桥拱形聚酰亚胺发泡材料测试热阻值为1.72m2K/W。该测试值高于单独填充羽绒的测试结果,远高于现行睡袋标准。依据GB/T 5455测试织物阻燃性能,该织物续燃时间0s,阴燃时间1s,损毁长度170mm。具有较好的阻燃特性。依据GB/T 6669中方法A测试睡袋下层结构保暖材料的压缩永久变形为3.4%。
实施例2
1、采用100D/72f阻燃聚酯长丝,按照2/1斜纹组织结构进行单层织物织造,制备成单层平方米克重为100g/m2阻燃聚酯长丝织物,采用分散蓝染料,在高温高压溢流染色设备染色,按照水洗-染色-水洗程序进行染色处理,其中水洗温度100℃,染色温度120℃,后经温度180℃烘干定型,制备阻燃聚酯长丝织物。将该织物分为两份,其中一份织物置于SAJ-500超高真空磁控溅射设备中,织物正面朝向铜质靶材,先抽取真空至5×10-4Pa,然后通入氩气,在负偏压70V、工作气压2.0×10-3Pa,镀膜时间10min条件下,制备获得表面溅射金属铜织物。对于另一份织物,将含量为10%铯钨青铜(CsxWO3)参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层胶经滚筒印花转印至该织物正面,并在150℃温度下固化交联形成涂层膜;之后,将溅射金属铜织物与10%铯钨青铜(CsxWO3)参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层蓝色阻燃聚酯长丝织物的反面相对(溅射金属铜织物金属面以及10%铯钨青铜(CsxWO3)参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层蓝色阻燃聚酯长丝织物的涂层面分别朝外),两织物中间夹持贴合桥拱形聚酰亚胺发泡体,发泡体摸底为30kg/m3,并在桥拱形桥墩处缝合(图2);在两织物所夹持贴合得桥拱形聚酰亚胺发泡体的桥拱中间填充阻燃羽绒,填充阻燃羽绒的体积重量为0.002g/cm3,制备出睡袋下层结构保暖材料。
2、将含量80%的聚酰亚胺纤维(规格0.78dtex×38cm)、含量15%中空聚酯纤维(规格6.64dtex×51cm,热收缩率为18%)、含量5%低熔点复合聚酯纤维(规格4.0dtex×38cm),经充分混合后,在200℃条件下充分收缩,控制材料的体积重量为0.03g/cm3,制备获得上层阻燃絮片状结构保暖材料。
3、将步骤(1)所获得的表面溅射金属铜织物和10%铯钨青铜(CsxWO3)参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层蓝色阻燃聚酯长丝织物的反面相对(溅射金属铜织物金属面以及10%铯钨青铜(CsxWO3)参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层蓝色阻燃聚酯长丝织物的涂层面分别朝外),将步骤(2)所获得阻燃保暖絮片材料夹持中间,按照10cm的间距,将上下两层缝纫制备成10cm间隔的上层结构保暖材料,
4、将步骤(1)与步骤(3)所获得的上下层结构保暖材料,按图1睡袋形态进行两侧缝合,缝合处用防水胶条贴合,获得轻便保暖睡袋。
参考GB 7287.10红外辐射加热器光谱法向发射率测量方法和GB/T 30127-2013纺织品远红外性能的检测和评价相关标准,采用HB 20540-2018隐身材料红外发射率测试方法,利用ET100型红外发射率测试仪器上述织物镀银面的红外发射率为0.41。采用GB/T11048中方法A对上述睡袋的结构保暖材料的热阻进行测试,上层聚酰亚胺、阻燃中空聚酯纤维填充结构保暖材料测试热阻值为0.85m2K/W。下层纤维或/和羽绒集合体填充桥拱形聚酰亚胺发泡材料测试热阻值为1.58m2K/W。依据GB/T5455测试织物阻燃性能,该织物续燃时间0s,阴燃时间0s,损毁长度150mm。具有较好的阻燃特性。
实施例3
1、将含量25%芳纶纤维(规格1.75dtex×51mm)和含量60%聚苯硫醚纤维(规格1.75dtex×51mm)充分混合后,与阻燃聚酰胺长丝纤维(规格36.5dtex/12f)进行纺纱,制备成30s/2阻燃纱线,按照2/1斜纹组织结构进行单层织物织造,制备成单层平方米克重为200g/m2,斜纹阻燃纤维混纺织物,经过100℃水洗20min后烘干定型后,将该织物分为两份,其中一份采用含量为1.5%石墨烯掺杂35%70μm金属铝片聚氨酯涂料经凸版烫金转印至织物表面,在150℃温度下固化交联形成涂层膜,制备红外低发射率织物;另一份采用将含量为10%铯钨青铜(CsxWO3)参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层胶经滚筒印花转印至该织物正面,并在150℃温度下固化交联形成涂层膜;之后,将1.5%石墨烯掺杂35%70μm金属铝片聚氨酯涂层织物与10%铯钨青铜(CsxWO3)参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层阻燃纤维混纺织物的反面相对(1.5%石墨烯掺杂35%70μm金属铝片聚氨酯涂层织物涂层面以及10%铯钨青铜(CsxWO3)参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层织物的涂层面分别朝外),两织物中间夹持贴合桥拱形聚酰亚胺发泡体,发泡体体积密度为60kg/m3,并在桥拱形桥墩处缝合(图2);在两织物所夹持贴合得桥拱形聚酰亚胺发泡体的桥拱中间填充聚酰亚胺纤维集合体,制备出睡袋下层结构保暖材料。
2、将60%的聚酰亚胺纤维(规格0.78dtex×38cm)、25%聚苯硫醚(规格1.67dtex×38cm)10%中空聚酯纤维(规格6.64dtex×51cm,热收缩率为18%)、含量5%低熔点复合聚酯纤维(规格4.0dtex×38cm),经充分混合后,在200℃条件下充分收缩,控制材料的体积重量为0.058g/cm3,制备获得上层阻燃絮片状结构保暖材料。
3、将步骤(1)所获得的1.5%石墨烯掺杂35%70μm金属铝片聚氨酯涂层织物与10%铯钨青铜(CsxWO3)参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层阻燃纤维混纺织物的反面相对(1.5%石墨烯掺杂35%70μm金属铝片聚氨酯涂层织物涂层面以及10%铯钨青铜(CsxWO3)参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层织物的涂层面分别朝外),将步骤(2)所获得阻燃保暖絮片材料夹持中间,按照10cm的间距,将上下两层缝纫制备成10cm间隔的上下层结构保暖材料。
4、将步骤(1)与步骤(3)所获得的上下层结构保暖材料,按图1睡袋形态进行两侧缝合,缝合处用防水胶条贴合,获得轻便保暖睡袋。
参考GB 7287.10红外辐射加热器光谱法向发射率测量方法和GB/T 30127-2013纺织品远红外性能的检测和评价相关标准,采用HB 20540-2018隐身材料红外发射率测试方法,利用ET100型红外发射率测试仪器上述织物镀银面的红外发射率为0.5。采用GB/T11048中方法A对上述睡袋的结构保暖材料的热阻进行测试,上层聚酰亚胺、阻燃中空聚酯纤维填充结构保暖材料测试热阻值为0.83m2K/W。下层纤维集合体填充桥拱形聚酰亚胺发泡材料测试热阻值为1.75m2K/W。依据GB/T5455测试织物阻燃性能,该织物续燃时间0s,阴燃时间0s,损毁长度80mm。表现出优秀的阻燃特性。依据GB/T 6669中方法A测试睡袋下层结构保暖材料的压缩永久变形为1.7%。
实施例4
1、采用40D/12f阻燃聚酰胺长丝与40D/12f阻燃聚酰胺长丝进行双层局部结接织物织造,制备成单层平方米克重为45g/M2,阻燃聚酰胺长丝双层平纹局部结接织物,经过100℃水洗20min后烘干定型后,将该织物分为两份,其中一份采用含量为8%铟锡氧化物(ITO)和2%镓锡氧化物(GTO)聚氨酯涂料经凸版烫金转印至织物表面,在150℃温度下固化交联形成涂层膜,制备红外低发射率织物;另一份采用将含量为10%铯钨青铜(CsxWO3)参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层胶经滚筒印花转印至该织物正面,并在150℃温度下固化交联形成涂层膜;之后,将8%铟锡氧化物(ITO)和2%镓锡氧化物(GTO)聚氨酯涂层织物与10%铯钨青铜(CsxWO3)参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层阻燃纤维混纺织物的反面相对(8%铟锡氧化物(ITO)和2%镓锡氧化物(GTO)聚氨酯涂层织物涂层面以及10%铯钨青铜(CsxWO3)参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层织物,涂层面分别朝外),两织物中间夹持贴合桥拱形聚酰亚胺发泡体,发泡体体积密度为40kg/m3,并在桥拱形桥墩处缝合(图2);在两织物所夹持贴合得桥拱形聚酰亚胺发泡体的桥拱中间填充阻燃羽绒,制备出睡袋下层结构保暖材料。
2、将步骤(1)中的将8%铟锡氧化物(ITO)和2%镓锡氧化物(GTO)聚氨酯涂层织物与10%铯钨青铜(CsxWO3)参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层阻燃纤维混纺织物的反面相对(8%铟锡氧化物(ITO)和2%镓锡氧化物(GTO)聚氨酯涂层织物涂层面以及10%铯钨青铜(CsxWO3)参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层织物的涂层面分别朝外),按照10cm的间距,将上下两层缝纫制备成10cm间隔的双层袋式结构,在双层织物两缝纫结点中间充气并填充阻燃羽绒,填充阻燃羽绒的体积重量为0.002g/cm3,制备获得睡袋上层结构保暖材料。
3、将步骤(1)与步骤(2)所获得的上下层结构保暖材料,按图1睡袋形态进行两侧缝合,缝合处用防水胶条贴合,获得轻便保暖睡袋。
参考GB 7287.10红外辐射加热器光谱法向发射率测量方法和GB/T 30127-2013纺织品远红外性能的检测和评价相关标准,采用HB 20540-2018隐身材料红外发射率测试方法,利用ET100型红外发射率测试仪器上述织物镀银面的红外发射率为0.2。采用GB/T11048中方法A对上述睡袋的结构保暖材料的热阻进行测试,上层羽绒填充结构材料测试热阻值为1.09m2K/W。下层纤维集合体填充桥拱形聚酰亚胺发泡材料测试热阻值为1.70m2K/W。该测试值高于单独填充羽绒的测试结果,远高于现行睡袋标准。依据GB/T 5455测试织物阻燃性能,该织物续燃时间0s,阴燃时间0s,损毁长度150mm。具有较好的阻燃特性。依据GB/T6669中方法A测试睡袋下层结构保暖材料的压缩永久变形为2.5%。
以上所述仅为本申请的实施例而已,并不用于限制本申请。对于本领域技术人员来说,本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原理之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的权利要求范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种轻便型结构保暖材料,其特征在于,所述的结构保暖材料包括外层、中间层和内层,外层为红外低发射率层,中间层为热传导隔热层,内层为红外阻隔层,其中红外低发射率层采用半导体氧化物镀层织物、金属镀层织物、半导体氧化物和金属复合镀层织物、石墨烯杂化金属涂层或镀层复合织物中的一种,红外阻隔层为纳米半导体材料涂料涂层织物,热传导隔热层为纤维或/和羽绒集合体填充保暖材料;红外低发射率层的涂层/镀层复合织物的红外发射率小于0.5。
2.如权利要求1所述的轻便型结构保暖材料,其特征在于,所述的半导体氧化物为铟锡氧化物ITO、锡锑氧化物ATO、镓锡氧化物GTO中的一种,或其中几种构成的混合物。
3.如权利要求1所述的轻便型结构保暖材料,其特征在于,所述的金属镀层采用金属化学镀层、磁控溅射金属镀层、真空金属镀层中的一种或几种混合,其中金属为银、铜、铝、镍中的一种或几种。
4.如权利要求1所述的轻便型结构保暖材料,其特征在于,所述的纳米半导体材料涂料涂层织物为铯钨青铜参杂硼涂层织物。
5.如权利要求1所述的轻便型结构保暖材料,其特征在于,所述的石墨烯杂化金属涂层/镀层复合织物为石墨烯杂化氧化铝片状涂料涂层织物。
6.如权利要求1所述的轻便型结构保暖材料,其特征在于,所述的热传导隔热层,为具有抗垂直压缩性能的纤维或/和羽绒集合体填充的桥拱形发泡材料。
7.如权利要求6所述的轻便型结构保暖材料,其特征在于,所述的桥拱形发泡材料为聚酰亚胺,其体积密度为30~60kg/m3,桥拱形发泡材料的拱形高度与跨度比值为1:3。
8.如权利要求6所述的轻便型结构保暖材料,其特征在于,所述的具有抗垂直压缩性能的纤维或/和羽绒集合体填充的桥拱形发泡材料的体积密度为0.002g/cm3-0.06g/cm3。
9.一种睡袋,其特征在于,其包括位于上层的拱形部和位于下层的平铺部,拱形部采用上述权利要求1至5中任一项所述的轻便型结构保暖材料制成,平铺部采用上述权利要求6、7和8中任一项所述的轻便型结构保暖材料制成,且平铺部采用的桥拱形发泡材料的拱出方向与平铺部伸展方向垂直且向上,拱形部与平铺部通过其轻便型结构保暖材料的外层和内层分别连接,构成整体结构。
10.一种权利要求9所述的睡袋的制作方法,其特征在于,其步骤包括:
S1、采用40D/12f化学镀银阻燃聚酰胺长丝与40D/12f蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝进行双层局部结接织物织造,制备成由单层平方米克重为44-46g/m2的金属银聚酰胺长丝和蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝构成的双层平纹局部结接织物,将其经过100℃水洗20min并烘干定型后,将包含含量为8-12%的铯钨青铜CsxWO3参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层胶经滚筒印花转印至该双层平纹局部结接织物的蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝表面,并在150℃温度下对该聚氨酯涂层胶进行固化交联形成涂层膜;在涂胶后的双层平纹局部结接织物的两结接点中充气并填充阻燃羽绒,所填充的阻燃羽绒的体积重量为0.0015-0.0025g/cm3,从而制备获得睡袋上层的拱形部的结构保暖材料;
S2、分别采用40D/12f化学镀银阻燃聚酰胺长丝和40D/12f蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝进行单层织物织造,制备成单层平方米克重为44-46g/m2的金属镀银织物和蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝织物,将该两种织物分别经过100℃水洗20min并烘干定型后,将包含含量为8-12%铯钨青铜CsxWO3参杂硼无机粉体的聚氨酯涂层胶经滚筒印花转印至蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝织物正面,并在150℃温度下对该聚氨酯涂层胶进行固化交联形成涂层膜;将金属镀银织物与经过涂层的蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝织物的非涂层面相对,两织物中间夹持并贴合桥拱形聚酰亚胺发泡体,该发泡体体积密度为30kg/m3,并在桥拱形聚酰亚胺发泡体的桥墩处对金属镀银织物与经过涂层的蓝色阻燃聚酰胺长丝织物进行缝合;在两织物所夹持贴合的桥拱形聚酰亚胺发泡体的桥拱中间充气并填充阻燃羽绒,所填充的阻燃羽绒的体积重量为0.0015-0.0025g/cm3,从而制备获得睡袋下层的平铺部的结构保暖材料;
S3、将步骤S1与步骤S2所分别获得的上层的拱形部和下层的平铺部的结构保暖材料,按睡袋形态对二者的结构保暖材料进行两侧缝合,缝合处用防水胶条贴合,从而获得所述的睡袋。
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