CN113904744A - Ka-waveband channel simulation system with satellite communication channel simulation function - Google Patents
Ka-waveband channel simulation system with satellite communication channel simulation function Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a ka-band channel simulation system with a satellite communication channel simulation function, which comprises the following steps: the radio frequency transceiving module: the system comprises a plurality of independent radio frequency channels which are connected with an external radio frequency interface of the whole machine and the input and output of baseband board analog baseband intermediate frequency signals; a baseband processing module: realizing channel simulation and processing the analog signal; a power supply module: converting external alternating current power supply into working voltage required by an internal module of the analog device; a clock module: the input of an external reference clock and the input of a reference clock of the internal baseband processing module are responsible; a terminal control module: the system is responsible for coordinating the system work, transmitting data, setting channel simulation parameters and detecting the state; a back plate module: and presetting a universal serial bus and a power supply port, and inserting modules of each standard interface into the chassis to construct a data exchange mechanism. The invention can realize channel simulation equipment with a frequency band covering ka wave band, and support the functions of sub-band exchange simulation and beam exchange/cross-link simulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication simulation, in particular to a ka-band channel simulation system with a satellite communication channel simulation function.
Background
Satellite mobile communication is a kind of radio communication in special circumstances, and a radio channel, which is used as a medium for information transmission in a satellite mobile communication system, is an indispensable component of the satellite mobile communication system. Wireless channels have a large random characteristic, rather than a fixed characteristic as wired channels, and are difficult to analyze and accurately estimate. For satellite communication, radio signals inevitably propagate through the atmosphere, the propagation distance is long, and the moving speed is high, so that a satellite communication channel is more complicated and changeable than a terrestrial wireless channel. The channel simulator can not be directly used in the whole process of design and research and development, so that the channel simulator capable of simulating the characteristics of a real satellite communication channel is developed according to the requirements of field tests and tests on a satellite communication system designed and developed by an actual satellite communication link.
The invention patent with the publication number of CN103188011B discloses a Ka-band satellite channel modeling method for integrating meteorological factors, which aims at the problems that data classification in the existing Ka-band satellite channel modeling lacks theoretical basis and simulation data is difficult to obtain, and firstly analyzes the propagation characteristics of the Ka-band satellite channel and the influence of factors such as multipath, rainfall, atmospheric absorption, atmospheric flicker and the like on the satellite channel modeling; secondly, a Ka frequency band satellite channel multi-state Markov model is established by adopting a principal component analysis and fuzzy clustering analysis method.
Due to the lag of the development of the channel simulation experiment equipment, the existing channel simulation equipment cannot effectively support the characteristic simulation of the existing satellite communication channel in the aspects of supported model types, model parameters and the like, so that the satellite communication equipment lacks a necessary test means. The most significant point is the limitation of the existing channel simulation device in terms of operating frequency. The satellite communication system is continuously expanded from the beginning to the C frequency band (4 GHz-6 GHz), nowadays Ku frequency band (10 GHz-14 GHz) and even Ka frequency band (18 GHz-40 GHz) communication satellites are widely used in various fields, however, most of the working frequencies of the existing related channel simulation devices only support 6GHz, and the requirements of high-frequency communication channel simulation cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a ka-band channel simulation system with a satellite communication channel simulation function.
According to the ka band channel simulation system with the satellite communication channel simulation function, the scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, a ka-band channel simulation system with satellite communication channel simulation function is provided, the system comprising:
the radio frequency transceiving module: the system comprises a plurality of independent radio frequency channels which are connected with an external radio frequency interface of the whole machine and the input and output of baseband board analog baseband intermediate frequency signals;
a baseband processing module: realizing channel simulation and processing the analog signal;
a power supply module: converting external alternating current power supply into working voltage required by an internal module of the analog device;
a clock module: the input of an external reference clock and the input of a reference clock of the internal baseband processing module are responsible;
a terminal control module: the system is responsible for coordinating the system work, transmitting data, setting channel simulation parameters and detecting the state;
a back plate module: and presetting a universal serial bus and a power supply port, and inserting modules of each standard interface into the chassis to construct a data exchange mechanism.
Preferably, in the radio frequency transceiver module, each radio frequency channel provides a radio frequency input end and a radio frequency output end to the outside, and the radio frequency input end and the radio frequency output end are respectively connected with a sending device end and a receiving device end;
each radio frequency channel comprises an independent down-conversion receiving channel and an independent up-conversion transmitting channel, and a reference clock source required by the local oscillator is uniformly from a clock module.
Preferably, the radio frequency transceiver module is divided into: the device comprises a receiving channel module and a transmitting channel module.
Preferably, the main functions of the module signal processing in the baseband processing module include: wireless propagation channel model and logic exchange processing; the wireless propagation channel model mainly includes related functions of path loss, shadow fading, small-scale fading, interference superposition and a channel model.
Preferably, in the logic exchange process: supporting signal data exchange of different granularities, including beam exchange, interlinkage simulation and sub-band exchange; wherein the largest exchange granularity is the beam exchange, and then the link simulation, and the link simulation granularity is slightly smaller than the beam exchange.
Preferably, the various exchanges of the signals are performed by a baseband processing module; because the whole machine supports 16 logic channels, the digitally processed data can be sent to the corresponding output logic channel through routing processing according to the requirement of channel simulation.
Preferably, the system uses a satellite-borne digital processing transponder based on a non-uniform filter bank, mainly adopts a digital processing mode, utilizes a flexible on-satellite channelized filtering technology, realizes the analysis and the synthesis of on-satellite signals by means of the non-uniform filter bank, and supports information interaction and flexible cross-beam interaction between any frequency band and any bandwidth on the satellite.
Preferably, the terminal control module includes: a GUI operator interface for controlling an instrument is provided, including a GUI program interface and a display interface.
Preferably, the terminal control module includes: and performing mathematical operation on the application scene and the application parameters input by the user, converting the application scene and the application parameters into actual control parameters required by a digital signal analog module and other modules, and performing parameter configuration through a digital bus.
Preferably, the terminal control module further comprises: and receiving the running state feedback and the processing data feedback of each module, controlling the working state of the whole machine and analyzing the data processing result, and controlling the running parameter configuration and the running state of the whole instrument through bus control.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the frequency band of the channel simulation equipment researched by the invention covers 100 kHz-40 GHz, but a communication channel simulation system meeting the wide frequency band range is not available in the prior art;
2. the invention adopts a digital processing mode, utilizes a flexible on-satellite channelized filtering technology and realizes the analysis and the synthesis of on-satellite signals by means of a non-uniform filter bank, and provides a sub-band exchange simulation and a beam exchange/cross-link simulation technology to effectively simulate the information interaction and the flexible cross-beam interaction phenomenon between any frequency band and any bandwidth on the satellite.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a system connection block diagram;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the system module
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an 18 GHz-40 GHz RF receiving link;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a 100 KHz-18 GHz RF receiving link;
FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of an intermediate frequency receive chain;
FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a 100 kHz-40 GHz radio frequency generation link;
FIG. 7 is a high frequency local oscillator schematic block diagram;
FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of a fixed local oscillator;
FIG. 9 is a complex exponential modulated filter bank implementation structure;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a multi-channel channelization and switching implementation;
FIG. 11 is a switching module structure;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of beam chaining;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of beam switching.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a ka-band channel simulation system with a satellite communication channel simulation function, which is used for channel simulation of terrestrial and satellite wireless mobile communication within a frequency range of 100 kHz-40 GHz. Referring to fig. 1, the device structure adopts a standard VPX architecture, and based on a unified standardized module, the ethernet and the serial port implement inner layer data exchange, thereby achieving the goal of advanced and open system and unified hardware specification. Specifically, the system comprises: a radio frequency transceiver module, a baseband processing module, a power module, a clock module, a terminal control module, and a backplane module, and a working functional block diagram among the system modules is shown in fig. 2.
More universal serial buses (USB2.0, USB3.0, hundred mega, kilomega, ten-mega network port, RS232 serial port, RS485 serial port, RapidIO bus and the like) and +12V and +5V power supply ports are preset in the back plate module, and the modules of all standard interfaces are inserted into the chassis to construct a data exchange mechanism, so that the increase, decrease and replacement of later-stage functional modules are facilitated, and the improvement and the upgrade of equipment are facilitated.
A baseband processing module: realizing channel simulation and processing the analog signal;
a power supply module: converting external alternating current power supply into working voltage required by an internal module of the analog device;
a clock module: the device is responsible for inputting an external reference clock and inputting the reference clock of the internal baseband processing module and the radio frequency transceiving module;
a terminal control module: the system is responsible for coordinating the system work, transmitting data, setting channel simulation parameters and detecting the state;
the radio frequency transceiving module: and 4 independent radio frequency channels are used for connecting the external radio frequency interface of the whole machine and the input and output of the baseband board analog baseband intermediate frequency signal. Each radio frequency channel provides a radio frequency input end and a radio frequency output end to the outside and is respectively connected with a sending equipment end and a receiving equipment end; each radio frequency channel comprises an independent down-conversion receiving channel and an independent up-conversion transmitting channel, and a reference clock source required by the local oscillator is uniformly from a clock module.
1) The overall design concept of radio frequency transceiving is as follows:
the radio frequency transceiver module is divided into a receiving channel module and a transmitting channel module.
A receiving channel module: 3 microwave signal inputs (100K-12G, 10G-18G, 18G-40G), 3 microwave local oscillator inputs (11-20G, 17/19/21/23G, 21/23/26/28/30/32G), an intermediate frequency output and a serial port control. Wherein, the 100 kHz-300 MHz is directly input and output by the intermediate frequency module, and the receiving and transmitting channel module is used for amplitude conditioning; dividing 300 MHz-12 GHz into two sections, mixing signals below 8.6GHz with local oscillators (11-20G) to an intermediate frequency of 11.2GHz, and mixing signals above 8.6GHz with local oscillators (11-20G) to an intermediate frequency of 6.5 GHz; the intermediate frequency signal and the local oscillator (9.6G/4.9G) are respectively mixed to obtain an output signal of 1.6GHz +/-250 MHz. The signal above 10GHz is divided into a plurality of frequency bands and is respectively mixed with local oscillation signals (17/19/21/23G, 21/23/26/28/30/32G) to obtain an intermediate frequency of 4 GHz-8 GHz, then the intermediate frequency is mixed with the local oscillation (11-20G) to obtain a signal of 11.2GHz, and then the signal is mixed with the local oscillation (9.6G) to obtain an output signal of 1.6GHz +/-250 MHz.
A transmitting channel module: 1 intermediate frequency input, 3 microwave local oscillator inputs (11-20G, 17/19/21/23G, 21/23/26/28/30/32G), 3 microwave signal outputs (100K-12G, 10G-18G, 18G-40G), and a serial port; the link directions of the transmitting channel module and the receiving channel module are opposite, and the specific design is detailed in a principle block diagram of the transmitting channel module.
The transceiver module is arranged on a multilayer circuit board and is arranged in the metal shielding shell; the CPU control circuit board (microwave circuit control, calibration and communication with the upper computer) is plugged with the microwave module. Each microwave module is provided with a CPCI socket (the communication mode is a self-defined serial port), and the microwave transceiver module is controlled by a CPU control circuit board in the module.
A connector: SMA connectors are used below 18GHz, and 2.4mm connectors are used above 18 GHz. The control panel adopts CPCI connector socket (power and serial port).
2) Digital signal processing general design idea:
the baseband processing module is a core part for realizing channel simulation by the digital hardware platform of the system and has strong analog signal processing capability. Not only the real-time processing of the complex wireless propagation channel model is completed, but also the signal exchange processing with different granularities, including beam exchange simulation, link simulation and sub-band exchange simulation, is performed. The main functions of the module signal processing include:
a. wireless propagation channel model:
the wireless propagation channel model mainly comprises the functions of path loss, shadow fading, small-scale fading (multipath fading), interference superposition, channel model and the like.
Path loss refers to the ratio of the signal transmit path power and the receive path power: PL is Pt/Pr。
Defining the road power loss of the channel as decibels of the truth value of the road power loss: PL (dB) 10log10 (P)t/Pr) (dB). A free space model: since there is no obstacle in the signal propagation process, the signal propagates along a straight line, and the ratio of the received power to the transmitted power can be obtained:
wherein PL represents path loss; g1 denotes the transmit antenna gain; d is the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas; λ represents an amplitude;
two-diameter model: the received signal is composed of two parts, one is a direct component reaching the receiving end through free space and a reflected component reaching the receiving end through ground reflection, wherein the received power can be approximated as:
wherein h istRepresenting the emission height; h isrIndicating a reception altitude;
shadow fading is caused by obstacles between the transmitter and the receiver which attenuate the signal power by absorption, reflection, scattering, diffraction, etc., and in severe cases even block the signal. Obstacles encountered by a signal in the process of wireless channel propagation can cause the signal to generate random variation, thereby causing random variation of received signal power at a given distance, and the variation of a reflecting surface and a scattering body can also cause random variation of received power. A model is therefore built to describe the random attenuation of the signal caused by these factors. The most common model is the lognormal shadow model, which is assumed and discussed to be: the decibel values of the ratio psi of the transmitted and received power obey a mean value muψdBStandard deviation of σψdBNormal distribution of (a):
wherein p (psi)dB) Representing a shadow fading model;
ψdBrepresents the ratio of transmitted to received power in dB;
σψdBrepresents the standard deviation in dB;
μdBrepresents the mean in dB;
small-scale fading is also called multipath fading, i.e., signals received by a receiver reach the receiver through different paths such as direct incidence, reflection, refraction, and the like. Since the distance of the radio wave passing through each path is different, the arrival time and the phase of the transmitted wave are different in each path. Multiple signals of different phases are superposed at the receiving end, and the signal amplitude is enhanced if the signals are superposed in phase, and the signal amplitude is weakened if the signals are superposed in opposite phase. Thus, the amplitude of the received signal changes sharply, which causes fading. On a small scale (several wavelengths), the mobile radio channel has mainly several effects on the propagating signal: a sharp change in signal strength (received signal amplitude change) over a short distance (short time) due to multipath propagation; doppler shift (received signal carrier frequency variation); multipath delays cause time dispersion of the signal (distortion of the baseband demodulated signal waveform). We refer to these effects collectively as multipath effects or small scale fading effects.
Briefly, if the transmitter, receiver or interacting object is in motion, the interference signal and, correspondingly, the resultant signal amplitude will vary over time. This variation in the amplitude of the composite signal due to the mutual interference of different multipath components is called small-scale fading. If the channel is a flat fading channel, the envelope of the received signal generally follows a rayleigh distribution.
Conditions subject to rayleigh distribution: 1. the arrival time difference of the multipath components is not large, and the intersymbol interference is not obvious; 2. the incident directions of the multipath components arriving at the receiver are distributed in a scattering manner, and the multipath components have approximately equal amplitudes. The fading depth of Rayleigh fading reaches 20-40 dB. The fading rate (half the number of times the signal envelope passes through the median per second) is about 30-40 times/second. The distribution function is:
wherein r represents amplitude; θ represents a phase; σ denotes the variance.
I.e. the envelope of the received signal follows a rayleigh distribution and the phase follows a uniform distribution of 0 to 2 pi.
When a direct (line of sight, LOS) path exists between the transmitter and the receiver, the signal of this path will exhibit significantly stronger amplitude values than the other multipath components. The envelope of the received signal will then be assigned a rice distribution, the probability density function (pdf) of a rice distribution:
wherein a represents the amplitude peak of the main signal (LOS component); i is0Representing a zero order class 1 modified bessel function.
Interference superposition (AWGN, CW): additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) is the most basic model of noise and interference. Its amplitude distribution follows a gaussian distribution, whereas the power spectral density is uniformly distributed. Additive noise is a type of noise superimposed on a signal, and is generally denoted as n (t), and is always present regardless of the presence of the signal, also called additive interference. The noise power spectral density of white noise is constant at all frequencies.
Common channel models include constant, pure doppler, rayleigh, etc. The constant model distribution has no fading and no Doppler effect; the complex coefficient is a constant. The I and Q components of the complex coefficients are related to amplitude and phase by the euler equations. Pure doppler spread has no channel fading but includes doppler shift. The doppler shift is achieved by rotation of the phase of the coefficients. The rate of phase rotation is determined by the speed of movement, the carrier center frequency and the angle of the incident wave to the direction of motion in the horizontal plane. The pure doppler model simulates the line of sight (LOS) propagation without fading. The rayleigh fading model is a statistical model of the effect of the propagation environment on the radio signal. The rayleigh fading model assumes that the amplitude of the signal passing through the wireless channel varies randomly or fades according to the rayleigh distribution, the radial component of the sum of two uncorrelated gaussian random variables.
b. Logic exchange processing:
the device supports signal data exchange with different granularities, including beam exchange, cross-link simulation and sub-band exchange. The largest exchange granularity is beam switching, followed by link simulation. The link simulation granularity is slightly smaller than the beam switching. Various exchanges of signals are performed by the baseband processing module. Because the whole machine supports 16 logic channels, the digitally processed data can be sent to the corresponding output logic channel through routing processing according to the requirement of channel simulation. One logical channel supports the entire exchange of data for a 125MHz bandwidth channel. The input and output channels can work on different frequencies to realize data exchange between different channels and different beams.
Sub-band switching is the smallest switching granularity, and is used for realizing further sub-channel subdivision of data in a single channel and performing sub-channel data switching between cross-channel and cross-beam. The device uses an on-board digital processing transponder, also called a flexible transponder, based on a non-uniform filter bank. The flexible transponder mainly adopts a digital processing mode, utilizes a flexible on-satellite channelized filtering technology, realizes the analysis and the synthesis of on-satellite signals by means of a non-uniform filter bank, and supports information interaction and flexible cross-beam interaction between any frequency band and any bandwidth on the satellite.
A terminal control module: the system is responsible for coordinating system work, transmitting data, setting channel simulation parameters, detecting states and the like, and can run a Windows operating system, and a user graphic interface and an operating interface are designed based on the operating system. The main functions of the module comprise:
a: providing a GUI operation interface for controlling the instrument for a user, wherein the GUI operation interface comprises a GUI program interface and a display interface (the machine is not provided with a display screen per se);
b: performing mathematical operation on an application scene and application parameters input by a user, converting the application scene and the application parameters into actual control parameters required by a digital signal analog module and other modules, and performing parameter configuration through a digital bus;
c: and receiving the running state feedback and the data processing feedback of each module, and controlling the working state of the whole machine and analyzing the data processing result. The host control module provides a VGA interface for connecting an external display, provides a USB interface for connecting peripheral equipment such as a mouse, a memory, a keyboard and the like required by user operation, and provides a LAN interface for realizing Ethernet bus connection. The host control module provides required hardware components such as a CPU, an RAM, a hard disk and the like for the operation of a GUI operation interface of the whole instrument, and provides equipment interfaces required by the operation, such as a VGA display interface, a USB mouse keyboard interface and a USB memory interface, for a user. The host control module controls the configuration of the operation parameters and the control of the operation state of the whole instrument through a bus.
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail.
A ka-band channel simulation system with a satellite communication channel simulation function is shown in figure 1, which is a system connection diagram of the invention, and the core components are a radio frequency transceiver module and a baseband processing module.
1. The radio frequency transceiving technology of 100 kHz-40 GHz:
the radio frequency part in the system comprises two working frequency range, namely 100 kHzHz-18 GHz and 18 GHz-40 GHz, and the links of the two frequency ranges are mutually independent. The receiving link converts two radio frequency bands into intermediate frequency signals of 1.6GHz, wherein 100 kHz-300 MHz is direct sampling, the transmitting link up-converts the intermediate frequency signals of 1.6GHz to the required radio frequency band, wherein 100 kHz-300 MHz is directly generated through the baseband processing module and is output through the radio frequency board. The design of the radio frequency part in the system is strictly divided according to the working frequency band, and each frequency band comprises a corresponding receiving link, a receiving local oscillator, a transmitting link, a transmitting local oscillator and the like.
The radio frequency receiving process from 18GHz to 40GHz is as follows: the input signal is passed through amplifier and attenuator adjustment signal level, afterwards carries out frequency channel division through the filter bank with the signal, mixes the signal of dividing as follows: the 18 GHz-20 GHz and 26GHz local oscillator mixing frequency generates 6 GHz-8 GHz intermediate frequency signals, the 20 GHz-22.2 GHz and 28GHz local oscillator mixing frequency generates 5.8 GHz-8 GHz intermediate frequency signals, the 22.2 GHz-25 GHz and 30GHz local oscillator mixing frequency generates 5 GHz-7.8 GHz intermediate frequency signals, the 25 GHz-26.7 GHz and 32GHz local oscillator mixing frequency generates 5.3 GHz-7 GHz intermediate frequency signals, the 26.7 GHz-29 GHz and 21GHz local oscillator mixing frequency generates 5.7 GHz-8 GHz intermediate frequency signals, the 29 GHz-31.2 GHz and 23GHz local oscillator mixing frequency generates 6 GHz-8 GHz intermediate frequency signals, the 31.2 GHz-33 GHz and 26GHz local oscillator mixing frequency generates 5.2 GHz-7 GHz intermediate frequency signals, the 33 GHz-35.7 GHz and 28GHz local oscillator mixing frequency generates 5 GHz-7.7 GHz intermediate frequency signals, the 35.7 GHz-37.5 GHz and 30GHz local oscillator mixing frequency signals generate 8GHz intermediate frequency signals, and the signals are input to a subsequent receiving frequency band through a switch to receive the 18GHz intermediate frequency band signals. The schematic block diagram is shown in fig. 3.
The radio frequency receiving flow of 100 kHz-18 GHz is as follows: the input signal is switched into 100 kHz-300 MHz and 300 MHz-18 GHz signals by a switch, and the 100 kHz-300 MHz frequency band signal is adjusted by a filter, an amplifier and an attenuator to be directly output to the last stage of switch. The signals of 300 MHz-18 GHz enter different frequency conversion links according to the frequency band. The RF signal of 0.3 GHz-8.6 GHz and the local oscillator signal of 11.5 GHz-19.8 GHz are mixed to obtain a first intermediate frequency signal of 11.2 GHz. The first intermediate frequency signal is outside the receiving frequency range of 0.3 GHz-8.6 GHz, so that the interference of the input frequency range can be effectively avoided. The RF signal of 8.6 GHz-10 GHz and the local oscillator signal of 15.1 GHz-16.5 GHz are mixed to obtain a first intermediate frequency signal of 6.5 GHz. The signal is also outside the 8.6 GHz-10 GHz receiving frequency band, so that the interference can be effectively avoided. The frequency band signal of 10 GHz-18 GHz is divided according to the frequency band to generate the intermediate frequency signal of 5 GHz-7 GHz, for example, the intermediate frequency signal of 5 GHz-7 GHz is generated by mixing the local oscillation signal of 10 GHz-12 GHz with 17GHz, the intermediate frequency signal of 5 GHz-7 GHz is generated by mixing the local oscillation signal of 12 GHz-14 GHz, 14 GHz-16 GHz, 16 GHz-18 GHz with 19GHz, 21GHz, 23GHz respectively, because the intermediate frequency signal includes the receiving frequency band of 0.3 GHz-8.6 GHz, the intermediate frequency signal is switched and input to the receiving link of 0.3 GHz-8.6 GHz through the switch. The schematic block diagram is shown in fig. 4. Subsequent 11.2GHz and 6.5GHz intermediate frequency signals are respectively mixed with 9.6GHz and 4.9GHz local oscillators to generate 1.6GHz intermediate frequency signals. The schematic block diagram is shown in fig. 5.
The radio frequency generation flow from 100kHz to 18GHz is as follows: the baseband board generates an intermediate frequency signal of 100 kHz-300 MHz/1.6GHz, wherein the intermediate frequency signal of 100 kHz-300 MHz is adjusted through an amplifier, an attenuator and a filter to be directly output, the intermediate frequency signal of 1.6GHz is respectively mixed with local oscillation signals of 4.9GHz and 9.6GHz to generate intermediate frequency signals of 6.5GHz and 11.2GHz, the intermediate frequency signal of 11.2GHz is mixed with the local oscillation signals of 11.5 GHz-19.8 GHz to generate an RF signal of 0.3 GHz-8.6 GHz, the intermediate frequency signal of 6.5GHz is mixed with the local oscillation signals of 15.1 GHz-16.5 GHz to generate an RF signal of 8.6 GHz-10 GHz, and the radio frequency signal of 100 kHz-10 GHz is output after the level is adjusted through the amplifier and the attenuator. The intermediate frequency signal of 11.2GHz is mixed with the local oscillation signal of 16.2 GHz-18.2 GHz to generate an intermediate frequency signal of 5 GHz-7 GHz, and the signal is mixed with the local oscillation signals of 17GHz, 19GHz, 21GHz and 23GHz respectively to generate a radio frequency signal of 10 GHz-18 GHz.
The radio frequency generation flow from 18GHz to 40GHz is as follows: and mixing the 5 GHz-7 GHz intermediate frequency signals with 21GHz, 23GHz, 26GHz, 28GHz, 30GHz and 32GHz local oscillation signals respectively to generate 18 GHz-40 GHz radio frequency signals. The schematic block diagram is shown in fig. 6.
According to the radio frequency receiving and generating scheme, the required local oscillation signals are 11 GHz-20 GHz, 17GHz, 19GHz, 21GHz, 23GHz, 26GHz, 28GHz, 30GHz, 32GHz, 4.9GHz and 9.6GHz, wherein the 11 GHz-20 GHz, 17GHz, 19GHz, 21GHz, 23GHz, 26GHz, 28GHz, 30GHz and 32GHz local oscillation signals cannot be used simultaneously, so that the same phase-locked loop circuit is used for generating the required local oscillation signals. The local oscillator signals at 4.9GHz and 9.6GHz are generated using separate phase locked loop circuits.
Because the output frequency of the high-frequency local oscillation circuit is high, in order to improve the phase noise of the local oscillation signal, the technical method of using the phase discrimination frequency of 100MHz and reducing the loop frequency dividing ratio is adopted in the scheme. And meanwhile, the coverage range of the high-frequency local oscillation circuit is expanded by combining a frequency multiplication technology. Fig. 7 shows a schematic block diagram of the high-frequency local oscillation circuit.
In the scheme of the local oscillator generating circuit, a reference loop of a 10MHz OCXO lock 100MHz VCXO is used as a phase discrimination circuit. Because the output frequency of 11GHz to 20GHz is directly generated, and the phase discrimination frequency of 10MHz is used as the reference frequency, the frequency dividing ratio is inevitably overlarge, so that the output noise and the phase noise are overlarge. Therefore, the frequency division ratio can be reduced by adopting the phase discrimination frequency of 100MHz, and the frequency spectrum quality of the output local oscillation signal is improved. Meanwhile, the fractional division is adopted, and the small stepping of the output frequency can be realized on the premise of not changing the loop division ratio.
The local oscillation signals of 4.9GHz and 9.6GHz are fixed dot frequencies, so that the method is realized by using a single-loop PLL + VCO. The 4.9GHz signal is directly output through the PLL + VCO, the 9.6GHz local oscillator signal generates a 4.8GHz signal through the PLL + VCO, and then the 4.8GHz signal is generated through the frequency multiplier. The schematic diagram is shown in fig. 8.
Sub-band exchange simulation and beam exchange/cross-link simulation techniques:
and designing a sub-band exchange model:
the sub-band switching and forwarding is mainly implemented by using a non-uniform digital channelization technology and a circuit switching network based on sampling, and a method for performing non-uniform channelization processing based on sub-band reconstruction is designed under the condition that state information of received signals is completely known, aiming at the situation that the bandwidths of the received signals are different and the signals are randomly distributed in the whole receiving frequency band, as shown in fig. 9. The basic idea of the method is as follows: firstly, decomposing and then synthesizing, namely, firstly, adopting a CEM (complex exponential modulation) filter bank to carry out uniform channelized filtering analysis, decomposing the whole bandwidth into a plurality of independent sub-bands, then determining the positions and the number of the sub-bands occupied by the sub-bands according to the given frequency band information of each sub-signal, then, according to the sub-band switching route management configuration, moving the positions of the sub-bands, placing each sub-signal at the position needing to be switched, and finally, synthesizing a group of frequency division multiplexing signals again through the synthesis filter bank. The structure can effectively solve the channelization processing work under the conditions of different bandwidths and randomly distributed positions.
Because the non-uniform filter bank structure is designed based on the uniform filter bank method, two groups of filters are required to be designed for the whole channelization process, and the received signals are respectively analyzed and comprehensively processed. However, it can be derived that the coefficients of the analysis filter bank and the comprehensive filter bank are the same, but different in position arrangement, and the hardware implementation basic structure is the same, and all the hardware implementation is based on the FIR filter structure. If there are multiple channels, the same replication of the analysis and synthesis filter bank portions can be achieved, as shown in FIG. 10.
The switching module adopts a multiplexing T-type circuit switching mode, and the structure is shown in fig. 11: the method comprises the steps of multiplexing signals of each channel of an uplink into a path of signals (when only 1 channel is needed, multiplexing is not needed), then passing through a T-shaped switching network, carrying out information interaction between the T-shaped switching network and a resource management server, searching an idle route for the resource management server in the T-shaped switching network according to routing signaling of two communication parties, issuing a control instruction to fill a corresponding control memory so as to complete establishment and release of connection of the two communication parties, then splitting the exchanged multiplexing signals, and recovering the signal timing sequence of each channel. The whole circuit switching network can realize the arbitrary output of any path of signals at the input end at the output end.
Beam interlinking/exchanging model design:
due to the development of the multi-beam antenna technology, the multi-beam satellite communication system receives more and more attention and applications with the advantages of high antenna gain, supporting frequency multiplexing among beams and the like, and in order to simulate the satellite load forwarding characteristic more truly, the beam interlinking/switching function needs to be simulated.
A single channel bandwidth of 3 logical channels will exist to simulate communication traffic under different beams.
In the beam link simulation process, the channel simulator uses the sub-band in the sub-band exchange simulation function as a basic exchange unit to exchange the signal positions in different logic channels to simulate the link process between beams, as shown in fig. 12; when the 36MHz bandwidth of the entire logical channel is used as the switching unit, the beam switching process can be simulated, as shown in fig. 13.
The embodiment of the invention provides a Ka band channel simulation system with a satellite communication channel simulation function, wherein researched channel simulation equipment covers a main communication frequency band of terrestrial and satellite wireless mobile communication at the same time, and covers a Ka band at high frequency. And is provided with 4 physical channels and 16 logical channels. On this basis, a satellite communication transmission scenario simulating a ground station → a satellite → a ground station can be used in tandem. Besides the functions of the existing equipment, the system also supports the functions of transponder power amplification amplitude-phase nonlinear simulation, sub-band exchange simulation, beam exchange/cross-link simulation and the like, provides a set of generalized satellite communication channel simulation solution, can simulate the satellite communication channel transmission environment more truly, meets the requirement of system networking verification, provides a channel simulation tool for satellite communication equipment research, and provides test environment support for the next generation of satellite communication system research and development.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in addition to implementing the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention as pure computer readable program code, the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention can be fully implemented by logically programming method steps in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Therefore, the system and various devices, modules and units thereof provided by the invention can be regarded as a hardware component, and the devices, modules and units included in the system for realizing various functions can also be regarded as structures in the hardware component; means, modules, units for performing the various functions may also be regarded as structures within both software modules and hardware components for performing the method.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A ka-band channel simulation system having a satellite communication channel simulation function, comprising:
the radio frequency transceiving module: the system comprises a plurality of independent radio frequency channels which are connected with an external radio frequency interface of the whole machine and the input and output of baseband board analog baseband intermediate frequency signals;
a baseband processing module: realizing channel simulation and processing the analog signal;
a power supply module: converting external alternating current power supply into working voltage required by an internal module of the analog device;
a clock module: the input of an external reference clock and the input of a reference clock of the internal baseband processing module are responsible;
a terminal control module: the system is responsible for coordinating the system work, transmitting data, setting channel simulation parameters and detecting the state;
a back plate module: and presetting a universal serial bus and a power supply port, and inserting modules of each standard interface into the chassis to construct a data exchange mechanism.
2. The ka-band channel simulation system with the satellite communication channel simulation function according to claim 1, wherein each rf channel in the rf transceiver module provides an rf input terminal and an rf output terminal for external connection, and is respectively connected to the transmitting device terminal and the receiving device terminal;
each radio frequency channel comprises an independent down-conversion receiving channel and an independent up-conversion transmitting channel, and a reference clock source required by the local oscillator is uniformly from a clock module.
3. The ka-band channel simulation system with satellite communication channel simulation function according to claim 1, wherein the rf transceiver module is divided into: the device comprises a receiving channel module and a transmitting channel module.
4. The ka-band channel simulation system with satellite communication channel emulation capabilities of claim 1, wherein the major functions of module signal processing in the baseband processing module include: wireless propagation channel model and logic exchange processing; the wireless propagation channel model mainly includes related functions of path loss, shadow fading, small-scale fading, interference superposition and a channel model.
5. The ka-band channel simulation system with satellite communication channel emulation capabilities of claim 4, wherein in the logic exchange process: supporting signal data exchange of different granularities, including beam exchange, interlinkage simulation and sub-band exchange; wherein the largest exchange granularity is the beam exchange, and then the link simulation, and the link simulation granularity is slightly smaller than the beam exchange.
6. The ka-band channel simulation system with satellite communication channel emulation capabilities of claim 5, wherein the various exchanges of signals are performed by a baseband processing module; because the whole machine supports 16 logic channels, the digitally processed data can be sent to the corresponding output logic channel through routing processing according to the requirement of channel simulation.
7. The ka-band channel simulation system with the satellite communication channel simulation function according to claim 6, wherein the system uses a satellite-borne digital processing transponder based on a non-uniform filter bank, mainly adopts a digital processing mode, utilizes a flexible on-satellite channelized filtering technology, realizes analysis and synthesis of on-satellite signals by means of the non-uniform filter bank, and supports information interaction and flexible cross-beam interaction between any frequency band and any bandwidth on the satellite.
8. The ka-band channel simulation system with satellite communication channel emulation capabilities of claim 1, wherein the terminal control module comprises: a GUI operator interface for controlling an instrument is provided, including a GUI program interface and a display interface.
9. The ka-band channel simulation system with satellite communication channel emulation capabilities of claim 8, wherein the terminal control module comprises: and performing mathematical operation on the application scene and the application parameters input by the user, converting the application scene and the application parameters into actual control parameters required by a digital signal analog module and other modules, and performing parameter configuration through a digital bus.
10. The ka-band channel simulation system with satellite communication channel emulation capabilities of claim 9, wherein the terminal control module further comprises: and receiving the running state feedback and the processing data feedback of each module, controlling the working state of the whole machine and analyzing the data processing result, and controlling the running parameter configuration and the running state of the whole instrument through bus control.
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