CN113901631A - Oblique laser shock peening workpiece method based on laser energy compensation - Google Patents
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- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 2
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- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for oblique laser shock peening of a workpiece based on laser energy compensation, and belongs to the technical field of laser shock peening processing. The method comprises the steps of obliquely impacting a workpiece at a certain angle by utilizing laser to reinforce, establishing a mathematical model of oblique laser impact reinforcement by analyzing the change degree of the polarization state, the irradiation area and the thickness of a restraint layer caused by the change of the angle, calculating the energy loss value of oblique impact laser at different angles and performing laser energy compensation, so that the reinforcement effect at different angles tends to be consistent, and the uniformity of the surface state of the workpiece is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser shock peening, in particular to a method for oblique laser shock peening of a workpiece based on laser energy compensation.
Background
Laser shock peening is an excellent material surface modification treatment technology, and has been widely applied to surface strengthening of aerospace, automobile and nuclear power materials due to the advantages of good strengthening effect, less strengthening limitation, no heat affected zone, strong controllability and the like. The principle of the method is that a laser outputs high-energy pulse laser to irradiate a sacrificial layer on the surface of a metal workpiece, the sacrificial layer quickly absorbs laser energy to form high-pressure and high-temperature plasma, the plasma continuously absorbs the laser energy to expand to form shock waves, the shock waves are transmitted to the inside of the workpiece and drive mass points to move due to the limitation of an outermost transparent constraint layer, materials are subjected to plastic deformation in a very short time, residual compressive stress fields are formed on the surface and the inside of the workpiece, and meanwhile, the mechanical property of the surface layer of the workpiece is improved to a certain extent along with the change of microstructure forms such as twin crystals, dislocation and grain refinement, so that the related properties such as wear resistance, hardness and fatigue life are improved.
However, for some complex structural members such as airplane structural members, engine tenon and mortise structures, inner walls of gun barrels and other workpieces, due to shielding of other parts of the workpieces, laser is difficult to vertically enter an area to be strengthened in the strengthening process, and the strengthening must be carried out in a mode of oblique impact at a certain angle. At present, if the oblique impact strengthening method is adopted for a complex workpiece, due to different angles, the energy density of laser irradiation to the workpiece and the thickness of a constraint layer during laser impact strengthening are different, so that the strengthening effect is not uniform, and the strengthening quality is influenced. Therefore, a method for analyzing and compensating for the variation of laser energy at different angles is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of uneven strengthening effect when the workpiece is subjected to laser shock strengthening at different angles, the invention provides a method for strengthening the workpiece by oblique laser shock based on laser energy compensation.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for oblique laser shock peening a workpiece based on laser energy compensation comprises the following steps:
(1) coating a sacrificial layer on a workpiece, and mounting the workpiece to be strengthened on laser shock strengthening equipment;
(2) generating a motion control instruction of laser shock peening by using an off-line programming system, and generating a robot program by software simulation and track adjustment and transmitting the robot program to the robot;
(3) analyzing the laser impact angle theta of each strengthening point according to the motion track of the robot1And a polarization state angle α; the laser impact angle theta1The included angle between the normal of each strengthening point and the laser is referred, and the polarization state angle alpha is the included angle between the rotating plane of the normal of each strengthening point and the vibration plane where the laser is located; starting the robot and the restraint layer system, and measuring the thickness l of the restraint layer of each impact point by adopting a white light confocal displacement sensor;
(4) according to the angle of impact theta1Calculating the energy loss condition (E-E) of each impact point according to the angle alpha of the polarization state and the thickness l of the constraint layer4) The process is as follows:
the original laser energy is E, a part of energy is transmitted after passing through the surface of the constraint layer, a part of energy is reflected (first part loss), and a part of energy is lost (second part loss) when the laser passes through the constraint layer; the incident laser light is divided into two parts according to the polarization state angle alpha: a component Ecos α parallel to the laser vibration plane, a component Esin α orthogonal to the laser vibration plane;
first, the refraction angle theta is obtained2，E1Energy after refraction for the component Ecos alpha parallel to the plane of vibration, E2Energy after refraction for a component Esin alpha orthogonal to the plane of vibration, E3Is the total energy after refraction; e4For energy after passing through the confinement layer, L0To process the absorption length of the laser in the confinement layer;
(5) setting laser shock peening parameters to be perpendicular shock time (theta)1The power density P is set to 0 ° according to the angle (impact angle θ)1And polarization state angle alpha) and energy loss degree, and ensuring that the power density of each impact point is consistent with the power density P during vertical impact; starting the robot, the laser and the restraint layer system to perform laser shock peening on the workpiece;
(6) and removing the sacrificial layer after the laser shock strengthening of the workpiece.
In the step (4), the refraction angle θ is obtained from the formula (1)2；
n1sinθ1＝n2sinθ2 (1)；
In the formula (1), n1Is the refractive index of air, n2Is the refractive index of the confinement layer.
In the step (4), the total energy E after refraction is obtained from the formula (2) to the formula (5)3；
In the step (4), the energy E of the laser of each impact point after passing through the constraint layer is respectively calculated according to the formula (5)4；
In the step (5), the vertical impact power density P is calculated according to the formula (6); r is the radius of a laser spot;
the invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:
1. the invention comprehensively considers the change conditions of laser polarization, irradiation area and restraint layer thickness of different angles of the same workpiece impacted by laser, calculates the energy loss conditions of the laser at different angles, and performs energy compensation, so that the strengthening effects at different angles tend to be consistent, and the uniformity of the surface state of the workpiece is good.
2. The model established by the invention is suitable for laser shock peening of different constrained layers at any angle, and has wide applicability in engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a drawing of a laser shock peening apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the processing technology.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a laser shock process.
FIG. 4 is a hot rolled steel channel.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying fig. 1-4 and examples.
The method comprises the steps of obliquely impacting a workpiece at a certain angle by utilizing laser to strengthen, analyzing laser energy loss values caused by changes of laser polarization states, irradiation areas and thicknesses of restriction layers at different angles, and compensating energy during laser strengthening according to the loss energy.
Since laser shock peening is a laser device that is stationary, the laser propagation direction is constant, and the direction of laser photon vibration is perpendicular to the propagation direction, forming a polarization plane (the polarization plane is also constant). The normal direction of the workpiece is always perpendicular to the workpiece, but the normal of the workpiece rotates at the same time when the workpiece rotates during machining. During vertical impact, the normal direction of the workpiece is superposed with the laser propagation direction, during oblique impact, the normal direction of the workpiece rotates by a certain angle, and the angle between the normal of the new workpiece and the laser propagation direction is an impact angle theta1. The plane of the impact angle is the rotation plane of the normal line of the workpiece.
Example 1
The laser shock peening apparatus includes: the system comprises a computer, a six-axis robot, a water supply system (a constraint layer system), a white light confocal displacement sensor, a support, a focusing lens, a polaroid, an optical platform and a laser. The focusing lens and the polarizing plate are placed on an optical platform. The white light confocal displacement sensor is connected with the movable support (the laser shock peening device can refer to patent 201220719492.6).
The method for oblique laser shock peening of the workpiece based on laser energy compensation comprises the following steps:
1. and sticking black adhesive tapes on the outer surface of the hot rolled channel steel of the workpiece to be strengthened and the inner surface of the channel steel as sacrificial layers, and installing the sacrificial layers on a clamp at the tail end of the six-axis robot.
2. The method comprises the steps of importing a hot-rolled channel steel model into offline programming software, enabling an offline programming system to rebuild a three-dimensional virtual environment of a whole laser shock peening work scene in a computer through the software, selecting a machining surface, an interference surface and a machining range in the software, setting laser spot diameter and lap joint rate process parameters, generating a machining track of a robot for hot-rolled channel steel laser shock peening, verifying the generated machining track to judge whether interference occurs or not, and changing the posture of the robot through a plurality of interference. After the machining program is generated, the machining program is transmitted to the robot through the ethernet.
3. Analyzing the included angle theta between the normal of each strengthening point and the laser according to the generated motion track of the robot1(i.e. the impact angle) and the angle alpha (the polarization state angle) between the rotation plane of the normal and the vibration plane where the laser is located. In this embodiment, the laser vertical processing is performed when the outer surface is strengthened, and the laser oblique impact is performed when the two sides of the inner surface are strengthened, wherein the impact angle of the first row is 10 degrees, the impact angle of the second row is 20 degrees, and the impact angle of the third row is 30 degrees. The laser on the optical platform adopts a horizontal polaroid, so that the laser vibration plane is a horizontal plane. The horizontally placed oblique impact rotating plane of the hot rolled channel steel forms 90 degrees with the vibration plane, so that the angle of the polarization state is 90 degrees. The constraining layer is deionized water during processing. And starting the robot and the water spraying system, and mounting the white light confocal displacement sensor on the bracket to measure the thickness l of the restraint layer of each impact point. The thickness of the vertical impact laser passing through the water film is 1.2 mm. The thickness of the first row of impact laser passing through the water film is about 1.25mm, the thickness of the second row of impact laser passing through the water film is about 1.3mm, and the thickness of the third row of impact laser passing through the water film is about 1.4 mm.
4. And calculating the energy loss condition of each point according to the impact angle, the polarization state angle and the thickness of the restraint layer.
The original laser energy is E, a part of the energy is transmitted after passing through the surface of the constraining layer, a part of the energy is reflected (first part loss), and a part of the energy is lost (second part loss) when the laser passes through the water film. The incident laser light is divided into two parts according to the polarization state angle alpha:a component (Ecos α) parallel to the vibration plane, and a component (Esin α) orthogonal to the vibration plane. n is1Is the refractive index of air, n2For the refractive index of the constraining layer, the angle of refraction is found by equation (1), the first row of impact angles of refraction is 7 °, the second row of impact angles of refraction is 14 °, and the third row of impact angles of refraction is 22 °. E1Energy refracted for a component parallel to the plane of vibration, E2Energy refracted for a component orthogonal to the plane of vibration, E3The total energy after refraction is calculated by the formula (2-4). E4Energy after passing through the water film, L0To process the absorption length of the laser, the laser wavelength used in the examples was 1064nm and the absorption length was 35mm in deionized water. Respectively calculating the energy E of each point after passing through the water film4. R is the laser spot radius, which in the example is 5 mm.
n1sinθ1＝n2sinθ2 (1)
5. Setting laser shock strengthening parameters, and carrying out laser energy compensation according to the irradiation area and the energy loss degree of each point at different angles by taking the vertical shock power density P as a reference so as to ensure that the power density of each shock point is consistent with the vertical shock. If the laser energy during vertical impact is E, the laser energy during first row impact is 1.03E, the laser energy during second row impact is 1.1E, and the laser energy during third row impact is 1.2E. And starting the robot, the laser and the water spraying system to perform laser shock strengthening treatment on the hot-rolled channel steel.
6. And removing the black adhesive tape on the surface of the workpiece after the hot-rolled channel steel is subjected to laser shock strengthening, and finishing the strengthening.
By using the method, energy compensation is carried out according to the change degree of laser energy of different impact points along with the impact angle, the polarization state, the thickness of the restraint layer and the irradiation area, so that the oblique impact strengthening effect at different angles is consistent, and the mechanical properties such as residual stress and hardness of the surface of a workpiece are better in uniformity.
Claims (5)
1. A method for oblique laser shock peening of a workpiece based on laser energy compensation is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) coating a sacrificial layer on a workpiece, and mounting the workpiece to be strengthened on laser shock strengthening equipment;
(2) generating a motion control instruction of laser shock peening by using an off-line programming system, and generating a robot program by software simulation and track adjustment and transmitting the robot program to the robot;
(3) analyzing the laser impact angle theta of each strengthening point according to the motion track of the robot1And a polarization state angle α; the laser impact angle theta1The included angle between the normal of each strengthening point and the laser is referred, and the polarization state angle alpha is the included angle between the rotating plane of the normal of each strengthening point and the vibration plane where the laser is located; starting the robot and the restraint layer system, and measuring the thickness l of the restraint layer of each impact point by adopting a white light confocal displacement sensor;
(4) according to the angle of impact theta1Calculating the energy loss condition (E-E) of each impact point according to the angle alpha of the polarization state and the thickness l of the constraint layer4) The process is as follows:
the original laser energy is E, a part of energy is transmitted after passing through the surface of the constraint layer, a part of energy is reflected (first part loss), and a part of energy is lost (second part loss) when the laser passes through the constraint layer; the incident laser light is divided into two parts according to the polarization state angle alpha: a component Ecos α parallel to the laser vibration plane, a component Esin α orthogonal to the laser vibration plane;
first, the refraction angle theta is obtained2，E1Energy after refraction for the component Ecos alpha parallel to the plane of vibration, E2Energy after refraction for a component Esin alpha orthogonal to the plane of vibration, E3Is the total energy after refraction; e4For energy after passing through the confinement layer, L0To process the absorption length of the laser in the confinement layer;
(5) setting laser shock peening parameters to be perpendicular shock time (theta)1The power density P is set to 0 ° according to the angle (impact angle θ)1And polarization state angle alpha) and energy loss degree, and ensuring that the power density of each impact point is consistent with the power density P during vertical impact; starting the robot, the laser and the restraint layer system to perform laser shock peening on the workpiece;
(6) and removing the sacrificial layer after the laser shock strengthening of the workpiece.
2. The method of oblique laser shock peening workpiece based on laser energy compensation of claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the refraction angle theta is calculated by the formula (1)2；
n1sinθ1＝n2sinθ2 (1)；
In the formula (1), n1Is the refractive index of air, n2Is the refractive index of the confinement layer.
3. The method of oblique laser shock peening workpiece based on laser energy compensation of claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the total energy E after refraction is calculated by the formula (2) to the formula (5)3；
4. The method of oblique laser shock peening workpiece based on laser energy compensation of claim 3, wherein: in the step (4), the energy E of the laser of each impact point after passing through the constraint layer is respectively calculated according to a formula (5)4；
5. The method of oblique laser shock peening workpiece based on laser energy compensation of claim 1, wherein: in the step (5), the vertical impact power density P is calculated according to the formula (6); r is the radius of a laser spot;
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Cited By (2)
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| CN115341167A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-15 | 西安电子科技大学 | Nanometer twin crystal ZrN diffusion shielding layer and preparation method thereof |
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