CN113898956A - Coupling equipment and method for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification - Google Patents

Coupling equipment and method for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113898956A
CN113898956A CN202111290416.8A CN202111290416A CN113898956A CN 113898956 A CN113898956 A CN 113898956A CN 202111290416 A CN202111290416 A CN 202111290416A CN 113898956 A CN113898956 A CN 113898956A
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fluidized bed
temperature
moving bed
agricultural
oxygen
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许世佩
彭盼
王诗颖
王超
邱明建
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CECEP Engineering Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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CECEP Engineering Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/027—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using cyclone separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/10—Drying by heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/304—Burning pyrosolids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/80—Shredding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/50—Fluidised bed furnace
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
    • F23G2206/203—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with a power/heat generating installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/40—Intercepting solids by cyclones
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of waste treatment, in particular to coupling equipment and a method for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification. The coupling device includes: the fluidized bed comprises a fluidized bed riser, a first high-temperature cyclone separator, a moving bed reactor, a second high-temperature cyclone separator, an oxygen supply device and a high-temperature superheater; wherein, the fluidized bed riser is connected with the first high-temperature cyclone separator; the first high-temperature cyclone separator is connected with the moving bed reactor, the moving bed reactor is connected with the second high-temperature cyclone separator, the high-temperature superheater is connected with the second high-temperature cyclone separator, and the oxygen supply device is connected with the moving bed reactor. The coupling equipment for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification provided by the invention is low-carbon and environment-friendly, has wide raw material adaptability, and has the advantages of high energy utilization rate, low pollution, good product quality and the like.

Description

Coupling equipment and method for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste treatment, in particular to coupling equipment and a method for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification.
Background
The agricultural and forestry waste is used as a carbon-neutral environment-friendly renewable energy source, has the characteristics of large yield, multiple types, wide distribution and the like, and can effectively utilize the agricultural and forestry waste to successfully realize the double-carbon target by effective assistance. The agricultural and forestry wastes are various in types, the chemical composition and the physical structure of the agricultural and forestry wastes are also different, and the application uses of the agricultural and forestry wastes are different due to different properties, for example, the high-volatile agricultural and forestry wastes are suitable for combustion, and the low-volatile agricultural and forestry wastes are suitable for producing biomass charcoal. In addition, different process equipment is also suitable for different agricultural and forestry wastes, for example, a moving bed is suitable for the agricultural and forestry wastes with larger particles, higher void degree and lower bed pressure drop after stacking, and a fluidized bed is suitable for the agricultural and forestry wastes with small particles and easy fluidization. If a single process or equipment is adopted to treat various agricultural and forestry wastes, not only the waste of materials is caused, but also the stable operation of the whole process is possibly influenced, the waste of resources is directly or indirectly caused, and the environmental pollution is caused.
Patent CN1377826 provides a method for preparing biomass activated carbon by coupling a garbage incinerator with a biomass activation furnace, which is characterized in that the high temperature generated by the garbage incinerator is utilized to reach the temperature required by activation, the tail gas of the incinerator is utilized as the oxidant required by activation, and the tail gas of the activation furnace returns to the garbage incinerator for secondary combustion. However, the technology has the problems that firstly, the garbage is burnt in the air, the phenomenon of incomplete burning is easy to occur, the tail gas of the process contains a large amount of pollutants, the gasification equipment is seriously corroded by the tail gas of the garbage burning for gasification, and simultaneously, CO in the tail gas of the garbage burning2Low content of the active ingredient, the requirementThe activation effect is poor when the catalyst is added for activation. And secondly, a horizontal activation furnace is subsequently used, so that continuous sample introduction of materials cannot be realized, and the production efficiency is low. And then, in the activation process, only the heat carried by the tail gas generated in the incineration process is used as a gas heat carrier, so that the problems of low overall energy utilization rate and long activation time exist. Finally, the project needs to treat the garbage and the biomass at the same time, and for the same process field, the field for simultaneously accumulating the raw materials from two sources needs to be large, which is not beneficial to the technical landing. Patent CN113187571 provides a biomass pure oxygen combustion power generation system and method, utilize millet electricity hydrogen production, eliminated and abandoned the waste in the energy production such as wind, abandon light, abandon water, reduced the carbon emission in the hydrogen energy production process, reduced the cost of pure oxygen burning, realized realizing the utilization of biomass energy and the negative emission of carbon, solid waste plant ash still can fertilize the field and utilize, kill several. However, all biomass is used for combustion no matter the grade of the raw material is high, so that high-grade resources are utilized at a low value, and the waste of resources is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides coupling equipment and a method for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification. The coupling equipment for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification provided by the invention is low-carbon and environment-friendly, has wide raw material adaptability, and has the advantages of high energy utilization rate, low pollution, good product quality and the like.
Specifically, the invention firstly provides a coupling device for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification, which comprises: the device comprises a fluidized bed riser 3, a first high-temperature cyclone separator 4, a moving bed reactor 5, a second high-temperature cyclone separator 7, an oxygen supply device and a high-temperature superheater 8; wherein the fluidized bed riser 3 is connected with the first high temperature cyclone 4; the first high-temperature cyclone separator 4 is connected with the moving bed reactor 5, the moving bed reactor 5 is connected with the second high-temperature cyclone separator 7, the high-temperature superheater 8 is connected with the second high-temperature cyclone separator 7, and the oxygen supply device is connected with the moving bed reactor 5.
The invention has found that the use of a fluidized bed withThe moving bed is coupled with two bed types, the raw material applicability is wide, and the powder agricultural and forestry waste suitable for the fluidized bed can be treated, and the particle agricultural and forestry waste suitable for the moving bed can be treated. The carbon in the agricultural and forestry waste is from the atmospheric environment, is fixed through photosynthesis, and is released into the atmospheric environment in the combustion process, so the agricultural and forestry waste combustion process is a zero-carbon emission process. However, the combustion efficiency of agricultural and forestry wastes is low when the agricultural and forestry wastes are combusted in the air, so that the utilization rate of biomass is low. The pure oxygen combustion can well avoid the problem, and simultaneously, the pure oxygen combustion has little pollution, and the water vapor and CO in the tail gas component2High concentration. High temperature, high concentration of water vapor and CO2The tail gas is very suitable gasification activation carrier gas for the agricultural and forestry waste, and the tail gas and heat generated by pure oxygen combustion are used for gasification activation of the agricultural and forestry waste, so that energy and substances generated by combustion of the agricultural and forestry waste can be utilized to the maximum extent. And negative emission can be realized by combining with carbon trapping, utilization and sealing technologies. And finally, combining different effects of the biomass charcoal and the plant ash on soil remediation to form the efficient plant ash and biomass charcoal soil remediation slow-release agent. The integrated whole technology can form a set of agricultural and forestry waste recycling coupling process with negative carbon emission, low energy consumption and high utilization rate.
The coupling equipment for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification further comprises a powdery agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit 2, and the powdery agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit 2 is connected with the fluidized bed riser 3.
The coupling equipment for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification further comprises a granular agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit 6, and the granular agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit 6 is connected with the moving bed reactor 5.
The coupling equipment for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification further comprises a quality-classifying pretreatment system 1, wherein the quality-classifying pretreatment system 1 is connected with the powdery agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit 2, and the quality-classifying pretreatment system 1 is connected with the granular agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit 6.
The coupling equipment for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification, provided by the invention, further comprises a high-temperature superheater 8, and the high-temperature superheater 8 is connected with the second high-temperature cyclone separator 7.
The coupling equipment for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification further comprises a low-temperature superheater 9, an economizer 10 and a dust remover 12; the high-temperature superheater 8, the low-temperature superheater 9, the economizer 10 and the dust remover 12 are connected in sequence.
The coupling equipment for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification, provided by the invention, further comprises an oxygen preheater 11, wherein the oxygen preheater 11 is arranged between the oxygen supply device and the moving bed reactor 5.
According to the coupling device for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification provided by the invention, the economizer 10 is connected with the oxygen preheater 11.
According to the coupling equipment for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification, the oxygen preheater 11 is connected with the powdery agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit 2, and the oxygen preheater 11 is connected with the granular agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit 6.
In the invention, the generated high-temperature flue gas sequentially flows through a high-temperature superheater 8, a low-temperature superheater 9 and an economizer 10, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 200-220 ℃, the flue gas enters an oxygen preheater 11 for heat exchange, pure oxygen serving as a byproduct of an electrolytic water process is heated to 150-170 ℃, and meanwhile, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 150-170 ℃; then, allowing 150-170 ℃ flue gas to flow through the powdery agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit 2 and the granular agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit 6 respectively, preheating the materials to 85-105 ℃ for drying, and simultaneously reducing the temperature of the flue gas to 85-105 ℃; after the temperature is reduced, the flue gas enters a dust remover 12 for filtration and dust removal.
The coupling device for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification further comprises a condenser 13 and a compression separation unit 14, wherein the dust remover 12, the condenser 13 and the compression separation unit 14 are sequentially connected.
In the invention, part of the flue gas after being dedusted by the deduster 12 enters the condenser 13 and is cooled to 30-35 ℃, water vapor in the flue gas is removed, and the rest flue gas enters the compression separation unit 14 to separate H2And CO is used for the downstream ammonia synthesis or methanol synthesis process, and the CO is used2Purifying and compressing for subsequent industrial utilization or sequestration.
The invention also provides a coupling method of the high-efficiency low-carbon agriculture and forestry waste fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and the moving bed pyrolysis gasification, and the coupling equipment of the fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and the moving bed pyrolysis gasification is adopted.
The coupling method of fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification provided by the invention comprises the following steps: carrying out pure oxygen combustion on the powdery agricultural and forestry waste raw material in a fluidized bed lifting pipe 3, and enabling a product of the pure oxygen combustion to enter a first high-temperature cyclone separator 4 for gas-solid separation; returning the separated high-temperature bed material to the fluidized bed riser 3; introducing the separated high-temperature flue gas into the lower end of a moving bed reactor 5; and/or, pyrolyzing and activating the blocky agricultural and forestry waste raw materials in the moving bed reactor 5, carrying out gas-solid separation on pyrolysis and activation tail gas through the high-temperature cyclone separator 7, and cooling the separated high-temperature bed material to obtain a fertilizer; and the separated high-temperature flue gas enters the high-temperature superheater 8.
According to the invention, the oxygen concentration of the pure oxygen combustion is preferably more than 95%, the oxygen is preferably pure oxygen of a byproduct of an electrolytic water process, the combustion temperature is 1000-1200 ℃, the heat source of pyrolysis activation comprises the heat of combustion in the fluidized bed riser 3 and the heat of combustion tail gas, and the oxygen combustion is preferably oxygen preheated by an oxygen preheater 11.
According to the coupling method of fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification, provided by the invention, high-temperature flue gas separated by the high-temperature cyclone separator 7 sequentially flows through the high-temperature superheater 8, the low-temperature superheater 9, the economizer 10, the dust remover 12 and the condenser 13 to be treated to obtain low-temperature flue gas at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, the low-temperature flue gas enters the compression separation unit 14, and H is obtained by separation2CO and CO2。
According to the invention, the preferable economizer 10 reduces the temperature of the flue gas to 200-220 ℃, the flue gas enters an oxygen preheater 11 for heat exchange, the oxygen is heated to 150-170 ℃, and meanwhile, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 150-170 ℃; then the flue gas flows through the powdery agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit 2 and the granular agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit 6 respectively, the materials are preheated to 85-105 ℃, and meanwhile, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 85-105 ℃.
According to the coupling method of fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification provided by the invention, the agricultural and forestry waste raw materials are subjected to classification pretreatment according to quality to obtain the powdery agricultural and forestry waste raw materials and the massive agricultural and forestry waste raw materials, then the powdery agricultural and forestry waste raw materials are preheated and dried, the preheated and dried powdery agricultural and forestry waste raw materials enter the fluidized bed riser 3, the massive agricultural and forestry waste raw materials are preheated and dried, and the preheated and dried massive agricultural and forestry waste raw materials enter the moving bed reactor 5.
According to the coupling method of fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification, agricultural and forestry waste is processed by a quality classification pretreatment system 1 and divided into high-grade high-fixed-carbon-content formable agricultural and forestry waste and low-grade high-volatile-content non-formable agricultural and forestry waste, and the blocky high-grade high-fixed-carbon-content formable agricultural and forestry waste is cut into blocks and formed to generate 1 cm square small particles of the agricultural and forestry waste. Leftover materials and sawdust generated in the process are put into the low-grade non-formable agricultural and forestry waste with high volatile content, and then the low-grade non-formable agricultural and forestry waste with high volatile content is crushed into powder agricultural and forestry waste with the size of less than 3 mm. The powdery agricultural and forestry waste preheating, drying and feeding unit 2 dries the raw material waste heat of the powdery agricultural and forestry waste and then sends the dried raw material waste heat into the fluidized bed riser 3 for pure oxygen combustion (oxygen concentration)>95 percent) and the combustion temperature is 1000-; returning the separated high-temperature bed material to the fluidized bed riser 3; the generated high-temperature flue gas is directly introduced into the moving bed reactor 5Terminal, CO2The concentration by volume is about 60% and the concentration by volume of water vapor is about 40%. The granular agricultural and forestry waste preheating, drying and feeding unit 6 sends the massive agricultural and forestry waste raw materials into the moving bed reactor 5 for pyrolysis, carbonization and physical activation integration, and the heat source is the heat of combustion of the internal fluidized bed riser 3 and the heat brought by the combustion tail gas as a gas heat carrier. The pyrolysis activation tail gas is subjected to gas-solid separation through a second high-temperature cyclone separator 7, and the separation efficiency is 99%; the separated high-temperature bed material is accumulated as a fertilizer after heat exchange and temperature reduction; the generated high-temperature flue gas sequentially flows through a high-temperature superheater 8, a low-temperature superheater 9 and an economizer 10, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 220 ℃, the flue gas enters an oxygen preheater 11 for heat exchange, the pure oxygen serving as a byproduct of the electrolytic water process is heated to 170 ℃ of 150-; then the 150-plus 170 ℃ flue gas respectively flows through the powdery agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit 2 and the granular agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit 6, the materials are preheated to 85-105 ℃ for drying, and simultaneously the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 85-105 ℃; after the temperature is reduced, the flue gas enters a dust remover 12 for filtration and dust removal; after dust removal, partial flue gas enters a condenser 13 and is cooled to 30-35 ℃, water vapor in the flue gas is removed, the residual flue gas enters a compression separation unit 14, and H is separated2And CO is used for the downstream ammonia synthesis or methanol synthesis process, and the CO is used2Purifying and compressing for subsequent industrial utilization or sequestration. In the embodiment, the plant ash such as the bottom slag and the fly ash generated in the combustion process is mixed with the granular biomass carbon, so that the slow-release agent for soil remediation of the plant ash and the biomass carbon, which is low in cost and high in efficiency, can be used. The activated agricultural and forestry wastes can adsorb and purify soil, play a role in ventilation and prevent soil hardening to a certain extent.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention couples two bed types of the fluidized bed and the moving bed, has very wide raw material applicability, and can treat both powdery agricultural and forestry waste suitable for the fluidized bed and granular agricultural and forestry waste suitable for the moving bed. The coupling technology adopted by the invention not only avoids crushing all large pieces of waste agricultural and forestry waste into powder, so that the method is fully suitable for the high material crushing cost of the fluidized bed, but also avoids resource waste caused by the fact that a large amount of agricultural and forestry waste can not be treated because a moving bed only can utilize granular waste agricultural and forestry waste. The method comprehensively and efficiently utilizes all agricultural and forestry wastes, avoids the problem that the cost is higher when all agricultural and forestry wastes are pretreated to the same size, enables suitable materials to be classified into a suitable process, generates a suitable product, achieves the purpose of making the best use of the materials, and avoids the waste of resources.
2) The fluidized bed adopts pure oxygen combustion, the combustion efficiency is high, and the possibility of environment pollution caused by PAHs in incompletely combusted fly ash is thoroughly solved. Secondly, the whole combustion process isolates N2The generation of NOx is avoided, and the subsequent process has no separation of N2The cost of (a).
3) The heat source and the activating medium of the pyrolysis carbonization and the activation of the moving bed fully utilize the tail gas and the waste heat of the fluidized bed, the upstream and the downstream are highly cooperated, the utilization rate of materials and energy is high, and the energy is self-sufficient in the whole process. CO in fluidized bed tail gas benefiting from pure oxygen combustion2And H2The concentration of O is high, tail gas is directly introduced into the moving bed without being cooled, and the tail gas is not only a very suitable activating medium, but also a gas heat carrier in the processes of pyrolysis, carbonization and activation of the moving bed. Meanwhile, the heat generated by the fluidized bed reactor in the inner layer of the jacket is used as a heat source of the moving bed in the outer layer, so that the heat exchange process is short, the heat exchange efficiency is high, and the comprehensive energy utilization rate is high. The activation process is CO2And H2O-coupled activation, H2O is favorable for making large pores, CO2The micropore is formed, and the specific surface area of the biomass charcoal is increased by coupling and activating the two gases.
4) The tail gas pollution components are low, the components in the tail gas of the moving bed are concentrated, and the separation is easy, and the content of effective components is high. Mainly CO, CO2，H2，H2O，CH4When the pyrolysis gas is generated, the boiling points or the molecular weights of the components have larger difference, and the components are easy to condense or separate by pressure swing adsorption, thereby avoiding N in tail gas2And the higher cost of CO separation. The process can adjust the drying degree of the material of the upstream fluidized bed or moving bed to obtain the activated gas suitable for the hydrogen-carbon ratio required by the subsequent process. The thermochemical conversion process of biomass is a zero-carbon process plus a carbon capture process "The carbon-negative process has the advantages of high environment-friendly degree of the whole project and high economical efficiency.
5) The application integrating degree of the biomass charcoal and the plant ash is high. The plant ash can be used for soil improvement and restoration, relieves soil acidification caused by chemical fertilizer, pesticide and acid rain, and supplements nutrient elements such as K, Si, Ca, Mg, P and the like which are excessively lost due to soil acidification, but the addition amount is not well controlled, and the soil salinization and hardening are easily caused by excessive addition at one time, so that the oxygen deficiency or burning death of plant roots is caused. Meanwhile, the water solubility of the nutrient elements in the plant ash is good and the nutrient elements are easy to lose. The biomass carbon can improve the content of organic matters in soil, improve the biomass and activity of soil microorganisms, adsorb and fix organic pollutants and heavy metals to reduce the toxicity of the organic pollutants and the heavy metals, and improve the water holding capacity of the soil. The plant ash and the biomass carbon cooperate to form the soil remediation slow-release agent, not only the respective effects are considered, but also the biomass carbon can control the impact of the quick release of the nutrient elements in the plant ash on the soil ecology, and meanwhile, the loss of the nutrient elements is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coupling apparatus of fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the quality-based classification pretreatment process of agricultural and forestry waste according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a coupled process flow of fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification in the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, 1, an agricultural and forestry waste quality-based classification pretreatment system; 2. the powder agricultural and forestry waste preheating, drying and feeding unit; 3. a fluidized bed riser; 4. a first high temperature cyclone; 5. a moving bed reactor; 6. a granular agricultural and forestry waste preheating, drying and feeding unit; 7. a second high temperature cyclone; 8. a high temperature superheater; 9. a low temperature superheater; 10. a coal economizer; 11. an oxygen preheater; 12. a dust remover; 13. a condenser; 14. the separation unit is compressed.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The examples do not show the specific techniques or conditions, according to the technical or conditions described in the literature in the field, or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are conventional products available from regular distributors, not indicated by the manufacturer.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a coupling equipment of fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification, including: the device comprises a fluidized bed riser 3, a first high-temperature cyclone separator 4, a moving bed reactor 5, a second high-temperature cyclone separator 7, an oxygen supply device and a high-temperature superheater 8; wherein the fluidized bed riser 3 is connected with the first high temperature cyclone 4; the first high-temperature cyclone separator 4 is connected with the moving bed reactor 5, the moving bed reactor 5 is connected with the second high-temperature cyclone separator 7, the high-temperature superheater 8 is connected with the second high-temperature cyclone separator 7, and the oxygen supply device is connected with the moving bed reactor 5.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a coupling device for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification, as shown in fig. 1, the coupling device comprises: the system comprises a quality-classifying pretreatment system 1, a powdery agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit 2, a fluidized bed riser 3, a first high-temperature cyclone separator 4, a moving bed reactor 5, a granular agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit 6, a second high-temperature cyclone separator 7, a high-temperature superheater 8, a low-temperature superheater 9, an economizer 10, an oxygen preheater 11, a dust remover 12, a condenser 13 and a compression separation unit 14. The fluidized bed riser 3 is connected with the first high-temperature cyclone separator 4; the first high-temperature cyclone separator 4 is connected with the moving bed reactor 5, the moving bed reactor 5 is connected with the second high-temperature cyclone separator 7, the high-temperature superheater 8 is connected with the second high-temperature cyclone separator 7, and the oxygen supply device is connected with the moving bed reactor 5. The powdery agricultural and forestry waste preheating, drying and feeding unit 2 is connected with the fluidized bed riser 3. The particle agricultural and forestry waste preheating, drying and feeding unit 6 is connected with the moving bed reactor 5. The quality-classified pretreatment system 1 is connected with the powdery agricultural and forestry waste preheating, drying and feeding unit 2, and the quality-classified pretreatment system 1 is connected with the granular agricultural and forestry waste preheating, drying and feeding unit 6. The high-temperature superheater 8 is connected with the second high-temperature cyclone separator 7. The high-temperature superheater 8, the low-temperature superheater 9, the economizer 10 and the dust remover 12 are connected in sequence. The oxygen preheater 11 is provided between the oxygen supply device and the moving bed reactor 5. The economizer 10 is connected with the oxygen preheater 11, the oxygen preheater 11 is connected with the powdery agricultural and forestry waste preheating, drying and feeding unit 2, and the oxygen preheater 11 is connected with the granular agricultural and forestry waste preheating, drying and feeding unit 6.
The embodiment provides a coupling method of the coupling equipment for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification, which comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the agricultural and forestry waste is processed by a quality-classified pretreatment system 1, and is divided into high-grade high-fixed-carbon-content formable agricultural and forestry waste and low-grade high-volatile-content non-formable agricultural and forestry waste, and the blocky high-grade high-fixed-carbon-content formable agricultural and forestry waste is subjected to block cutting and forming to generate 1 cm square small blocks of granular agricultural and forestry waste. Leftover materials and sawdust generated in the process are put into the low-grade non-formable agricultural and forestry waste with high volatile content, and then the low-grade non-formable agricultural and forestry waste with high volatile content is crushed into powder agricultural and forestry waste with the size of less than 3 mm. The powdery agricultural and forestry waste preheating, drying and feeding unit 2 dries the raw material waste heat of the powdery agricultural and forestry waste and then sends the dried raw material waste heat into the fluidized bed riser 3 for pure oxygen combustion (oxygen concentration)>95 percent) and the combustion temperature is 1000-; returning the separated high-temperature bed material to the fluidized bed riser 3; the generated high-temperature flue gas is directly introduced into the lower end of a moving bed reactor 5, and CO is generated2The concentration by volume is about 60% and the concentration by volume of water vapor is about 40%. The granular agricultural and forestry waste preheating, drying and feeding unit 6 sends the massive agricultural and forestry waste raw materials into the moving bed reactor 5 for pyrolysis, carbonization and physical activation integration, and the heat source is the heat of combustion of the internal fluidized bed riser 3 and the heat brought by the combustion tail gas as a gas heat carrier. The pyrolysis activation tail gas is subjected to gas-solid separation through a second high-temperature cyclone separator 7, and the separation efficiency is 99%; the separated high-temperature bed material is accumulated as a fertilizer after heat exchange and temperature reduction; the generated high-temperature flue gas sequentially flows through a high-temperature superheater 8, a low-temperature superheater 9 and an economizer 10, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 220 ℃, the flue gas enters an oxygen preheater 11 for heat exchange, the pure oxygen serving as a byproduct of the electrolytic water process is heated to 170 ℃ of 150-; then the 150-plus 170 ℃ flue gas respectively flows through the powdery agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit 2 and the granular agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit 6, the materials are preheated to 85-105 ℃ for drying, and simultaneously the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 85-105 ℃; after the temperature is reduced, the flue gas enters a dust remover 12 for filtration and dust removal; after dust removal, partial flue gas enters a condenser 13 and is cooled to 30-35 ℃, water vapor in the flue gas is removed, the residual flue gas enters a compression separation unit 14, and H is separated2And CO is used for the downstream ammonia synthesis or methanol synthesis process, and the CO is used2Purifying and compressing for subsequent industrial utilization or sequestration. In the embodiment, the plant ash such as the bottom slag and the fly ash generated in the combustion process is mixed with the granular biomass carbon, so that the slow-release agent for soil remediation of the plant ash and the biomass carbon, which has very low cost and high efficiency, can be used. The activated agricultural and forestry wastes can adsorb and purify soil, play a role in ventilation and prevent soil hardening to a certain extent.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (10)

1. A coupling equipment of fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification is characterized by comprising: the fluidized bed comprises a fluidized bed riser, a first high-temperature cyclone separator, a moving bed reactor, a second high-temperature cyclone separator, an oxygen supply device and a high-temperature superheater; wherein the fluidized bed riser is connected with the first high-temperature cyclone separator; the first high-temperature cyclone separator is connected with the moving bed reactor, the moving bed reactor is connected with the second high-temperature cyclone separator, the high-temperature superheater is connected with the second high-temperature cyclone separator, and the oxygen supply device is connected with the moving bed reactor.
2. The coupled fluidized bed oxycombustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a powdery agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit, wherein the powdery agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit is connected to the fluidized bed riser.
3. The coupled fluidized bed oxycombustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a particulate agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit connected to the moving bed reactor.
4. The coupled fluidized bed oxycombustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a quality classification pretreatment system connected to the powdery agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit, wherein the quality classification pretreatment system is connected to the granular agricultural and forestry waste preheating and drying feeding unit.
5. The coupling equipment for fluidized bed oxycombustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a high temperature superheater, a low temperature superheater, an economizer and a dust remover; the high-temperature superheater is connected with the second high-temperature cyclone separator, and the high-temperature superheater, the low-temperature superheater, the economizer and the dust remover are sequentially connected; preferably, the system further comprises an oxygen preheater, wherein the oxygen preheater is arranged between the oxygen supply device and the moving bed reactor; and/or the economizer is connected with the oxygen preheater; and/or the oxygen preheater is connected with the powdery agricultural and forestry waste preheating, drying and feeding unit, and the oxygen preheater is connected with the granular agricultural and forestry waste preheating, drying and feeding unit.
6. The coupled device of fluidized bed oxycombustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification according to claim 5, further comprising a condenser and a compression separation unit, wherein the dust remover, the condenser and the compression separation unit are connected in sequence.
7. A coupling method of fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification, which is characterized in that the coupling device of fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification of any one of claims 1 to 6 is adopted.
8. The coupled fluidized bed oxycombustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification process according to claim 7, comprising: carrying out pure oxygen combustion on the powdery agricultural and forestry waste raw material in a fluidized bed lifting pipe, and enabling a product of the pure oxygen combustion to enter a first high-temperature cyclone separator for gas-solid separation; returning the separated high-temperature bed material to the fluidized bed riser; introducing the separated high-temperature flue gas into the lower end of the moving bed reactor; and/or pyrolyzing and activating the blocky agricultural and forestry waste raw materials in a moving bed reactor, carrying out gas-solid separation on pyrolysis and activation tail gas through a high-temperature cyclone separator, and cooling the separated high-temperature bed material to obtain a fertilizer; and the separated high-temperature flue gas enters the high-temperature superheater.
9. The coupling method of fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification as claimed in claim 7 or 8, wherein the high temperature flue gas separated by the high temperature cyclone separator sequentially passes through a high temperature superheater, a low temperature superheater, an economizer, a dust remover and a condenser to be treated to obtain low temperature flue gas, and the low temperature flue gas enters the compression separation unit.
10. The coupling method of fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification according to any one of claims 7 to 9, further comprising performing classification pretreatment on agricultural and forestry waste raw materials according to quality to obtain the powdery agricultural and forestry waste raw materials and the massive agricultural and forestry waste raw materials, then performing preheating drying on the powdery agricultural and forestry waste raw materials, feeding the preheated and dried powdery agricultural and forestry waste raw materials into the fluidized bed riser, performing preheating drying on the massive agricultural and forestry waste raw materials, and feeding the preheated and dried massive agricultural and forestry waste raw materials into the moving bed reactor.
CN202111290416.8A 2021-11-02 2021-11-02 Coupling equipment and method for fluidized bed oxygen-enriched combustion and moving bed pyrolysis gasification Pending CN113898956A (en)

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