CN113894973B - Forming method of inner spring oil retainer for airplane wheel - Google Patents
Forming method of inner spring oil retainer for airplane wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN113894973B CN113894973B CN202110977451.0A CN202110977451A CN113894973B CN 113894973 B CN113894973 B CN 113894973B CN 202110977451 A CN202110977451 A CN 202110977451A CN 113894973 B CN113894973 B CN 113894973B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013040 rubber vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001029 thermal curing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010057 rubber processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010059 sulfur vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/12—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with incorporated means for positioning inserts, e.g. labels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/30—Mounting, exchanging or centering
- B29C33/306—Exchangeable mould parts, e.g. cassette moulds, mould inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/42—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the shape of the moulding surface, e.g. ribs or grooves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/002—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/007—Tempering units for temperature control of moulds or cores, e.g. comprising heat exchangers, controlled valves, temperature-controlled circuits for fluids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
A shaping method for the oil-retaining ring of spring wrapped in the aircraft wheel features that the microscopic state of rubber is used to divide the part into three steps, the lower colloid is preformed, the spring is preformed, and the blank colloid is filled up. The invention solves the problem that the rubber material flows to deform and deviate the impact of the spring in the vulcanization molding process, each operation in the molding process has the requirements of accuracy and standardization, engineering production is realized, the appearance consistency of the produced parts is good, the cross section of the vulcanized parts is checked, the shape and the position of the rubber material and the spring meet the requirements, the spring is not exposed, the rubber surface has no spring trace, the appearance has no burrs, and the product qualification rate is more than 99 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vulcanization of rubber parts, in particular to a precise forming method of an inner-wrapping spring oil retainer for an aircraft wheel.
Background
In manufacturing, rubber parts are usually molded by means of a compression mold, a compression mold or an injection mold, and the corresponding molding methods are compression molding, injection molding and injection molding, respectively. In the use process, a flat vulcanizing machine is adopted to mold a rubber cup, an oil retainer ring and a sealing ring in a compression molding mode, the rubber compound with plasticity is preformed into a blank and then is filled into a mold cavity, and the rubber part with the required shape and size can be obtained after heating, pressurizing and vulcanizing under the condition that the temperature, the time and the pressure accord with three elements of vulcanization.
The vulcanization process is a chemical reaction process in a broad sense that converts linear rubber molecules into a space network structure under specific conditions, thereby improving rubber properties. The essence of vulcanization is that the microstructure of rubber is changed, namely, the rubber obtains various precious physical and mechanical properties through a crosslinking reaction, and the rubber becomes an engineering material widely applied. The schematic diagram of the rubber vulcanization process is shown in figure 1, the rubber is subjected to four stages of scorching, hot vulcanization, flat vulcanization and oversulfide along with the extension of time in a die cavity, the scorching time is the time for keeping fluidity of the rubber material when the rubber material is heated in the die cavity, the vulcanization starts to enter the scorching period, the molecular chain of the rubber material is broken, the rubber material is heated and melted, and is in a viscous flow state, the rubber material has fluidity, and the die cavity is filled with the rubber material after the scorching period. The sizing material in the hot vulcanization stage is subjected to crosslinking reaction to gradually generate a net structure, the process has the strongest plasticity, and the desired shape can be molded through external force or a mold structure. And then entering a flat vulcanization stage, wherein the molecular chain of the sizing material is not broken, is subjected to rearrangement, and is subjected to crosslinking reaction to form a stable macromolecular chain, the flat vulcanization is finished, the crosslinking and shaping are carried out, the rubber has the optimal performance, and if the time is continued again, the part is subjected to over vulcanization, and the performance of the part is gradually reduced.
The rubber cup and the oil retainer both belong to rotary shaft lip-shaped sealing rings, the rotary shaft lip-shaped sealing rings are commonly called oil seals and shaft lip rings, leakage of bearing lubricating grease is prevented by interference contact between a flexible sealing lip and a shaft and radial force applied to the shaft by a sealing cutting edge, and the rotary shaft lip-shaped sealing rings are internally sealed, externally dustproof and suitable for a rotary shaft end arranged in equipment. The utility model discloses an interior oil retainer for aircraft bearing in publication number CN108757746A, this interior oil retainer includes annular spring and rubber ring two parts, and the part schematic diagram is as shown in figure 2, and wherein annular spring is the spring head and the tail interlude of stainless steel coiling and connects to form, and as the skeleton of interior oil retainer, annular spring is arranged in the rubber ring, and annular spring wholly surrounds by the rubber ring cladding. Is characterized in that the thinnest part of the rubber is only 1-2 mm coated on the periphery of the spring in the oil retainer when the axial and radial size requirements are met. When the inner oil retainer is produced by a traditional compression molding method, the sizing material and the spring are placed in a mold cavity to be heated and pressurized, the cavity is gradually filled with the sizing material in a flowing mode, the spring which is not supported by a rigid body moves along with the impact of the sizing material, deformation is easy, the spring deviates from a required position, once the spring deviates or deforms, the sizing surface of the lip part of the part shows the shape trace of the inner spring, and the spring is exposed out of the sizing surface when the spring is heavy, so that the spring is difficult to mold in the required position.
The invention patent CN202011009153.4 discloses a molding method of a hollow strip fabric rubber sealing member. The invention carries out extrusion molding on unvulcanized rubber material according to the shape of a hollow strip fabric rubber sealing piece to be processed to obtain a molded hollow vulcanized semi-finished product, then the hollow vulcanized semi-finished product is sleeved on a mold core, and then the hollow vulcanized semi-finished product and the processed fabric are placed in a mold together for hot press vulcanization molding, thereby solving the problems that the mold core is easy to deform and the wall thickness of a product cavity is uneven due to the flowing of sizing material caused by compression and thermal expansion of the unvulcanized rubber semi-finished product in the high Wen Daya vulcanization process. In addition, when the mold core is small in specification, complex in structure and high in required precision, the operation of sleeving the extruded vulcanized semi-finished product on the mold core is difficult.
The invention patent CN202010869917.0 discloses a rubber processing technology of separating and injecting and then closing the mold. The invention respectively carries out injection molding on the upper part and the lower part or the left part and the right part of the rubber product which cannot be molded at one time in the mold cavities of the two mold halves, sprays adhesive on the joint surface of the mold cavities of the two mold halves after injection molding, and then closes the mold to finish vulcanization molding. The problem that a rubber product with a complex structure shape cannot be molded by one-step injection is solved, but the adhesive spraying process is necessary, and if the adhesive is sprayed improperly, the appearance and strength of the product cannot reach the standards. In addition, the invention is beneficial to pure rubber products and is not suitable for molding rubber products with skeletons.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a forming method of an oil retainer with an inner spring for an aircraft wheel, which aims to solve the problem that in the prior art, rubber material flows impact on a spring to cause spring deflection and deformation.
The forming process of the spring-wrapped oil retainer of the aircraft wheel provided by the invention is as follows:
Step 1, determining a step-by-step molding area:
according to the spring position proposed by the design, dividing the longitudinal section of the to-be-formed inner spring oil retainer into a basic colloid and a filling colloid; the area for filling the colloid is the same as the shape of the insert in the die and is positioned on one side of the outer circumferential surface of the inner spring oil retainer; and two mutually perpendicular positioning surfaces of the stepped lower surface of the filling colloid are respectively tangent with the top point of the outer circumferential surface of the spring extruded into the basic colloid after molding and the inner side top point or the outer side top point of the outer circumferential surface of the spring; the area of the basic colloid is the same as the cross section of the half cavity in the lower die, and the spring is wrapped in the area of the basic adhesive tape.
And taking the two mutually perpendicular positioning surfaces as dividing lines, and further dividing the filling colloid area into a filling area of a third adhesive tape blank and a filling area of a fourth adhesive tape blank.
And taking the radial symmetry center of the lower surface of the fourth adhesive tape blank filling area as a boundary, and further dividing the basic colloid area into a first adhesive tape blank filling area and a second adhesive tape blank filling area.
The inner circular surface of the filling area of the first adhesive tape blank is the inner circular surface of the oil retainer; the outer circumferential surface of the second adhesive tape blank filling area is the outer circumferential surface of the oil retainer. The filling area of the third adhesive tape blank is close to one side of the outer circumferential surface of the oil retainer, and the filling area of the fourth adhesive tape blank is positioned on the inner side of the filling area of the third adhesive tape blank and is close to one side of the center line of the oil retainer.
Step2, preparing adhesive tape blanks:
and cutting the thin-pass back-refined film into four strips, namely a first adhesive tape blank and a second adhesive tape blank for basic colloid, and a third adhesive tape blank and a fourth adhesive tape blank for filling colloid. The cross section of each adhesive tape blank is the same as the shape of the adhesive tape blank filling area; the size of the section of each adhesive tape blank is 5-10% larger than the outline size of the adhesive tape blank filling area; the length of each adhesive tape is the same as the perimeter of the maximum circumference of the adhesive tape blank filling area.
Step 3, preforming a basic colloid:
Placing a middle die on the upper surface of a lower die, and forming a cavity of the die by the middle die and the inner end surface of the lower die; a matching surface with the pre-forming die or the upper die is formed by the upper surface of the middle die and the upper surface of the inner end of the lower die. Placing the first adhesive tape blank in the cavity, and enabling the surface of the first adhesive tape blank to be attached to the inner circumferential surface of the cavity; and placing a second adhesive tape blank in the cavity, and enabling the surface of the second adhesive tape blank to be attached to the surface of the first adhesive tape blank. And placing the preforming die on the upper surfaces of the middle die and the lower die so as to enable the preforming die to be buckled with the middle die and the lower die.
And placing the buckled mould into a vulcanizing machine for pressurization and preforming.
And opening the mould immediately after the pressurization is finished, removing the preformed mould, and removing the excessive sizing material in the gumming groove. A preformed base gel is obtained.
The pressure of the preformed base colloid is 5-8 mpa, the pressurizing time is 15-30 s, and the preformed temperature is 150-153 ℃.
Step4, positioning a spring:
And sleeving a spring on a spring positioning block of the insert in the die. And placing the insert sleeved with the spring in the obtained basic rubber body. And placing a pre-forming die on the upper surfaces of the middle die and the lower die, closing the dies with the middle die and the lower die, and embedding the insert into an insert groove on the inner surface of the pre-forming die. And placing the die after die assembly into a vulcanizing machine to pressurize and position the spring.
And opening the die immediately after the pressurization is finished, removing the pre-forming die, and removing the excessive sizing material in the sizing groove. And the springs are placed in the basic colloid, so that the positioning of the springs is completed.
The positioning pressure of the spring is 5-8 mpa, the pressurizing time is 15-30 s, and the preforming temperature is 150-153 ℃.
Step 5, preforming of filling colloid:
And placing the third adhesive tape blank and the fourth adhesive tape blank on the upper surface of the base colloid in which the spring is arranged in sequence, and enabling the position of the third adhesive tape blank to correspond to the position of the spring arranged in the base colloid, so that the position of the fourth adhesive tape blank is positioned above the spring. And the third adhesive tape blank and the fourth adhesive tape blank are attached to the inner surface of the base colloid.
And replacing the mould, placing an upper mould in the mould on the matching surface consisting of the upper surface of the middle mould and the upper surface of the lower mould, and closing and pressurizing to perform the preforming of filling the colloid. The preshaping pressure of the filling colloid is 5-8 mpa, the pressurizing time is 30-60 s, and the preshaping temperature is 150-153 ℃.
And opening the die after the pressurization is finished, removing the upper die, and removing the excessive sizing material in the sizing groove. The preforming of the filling gel is completed.
Step 6, vulcanization molding: and (3) the upper die is matched with the lower die and the middle die again, and the die after removing the excessive sizing material is placed in a vulcanizing machine for vulcanization molding.
And after the pressurization is finished, opening the die to obtain the sulfur vulcanization molding pressure of 5-8 Mpa, wherein the pressurization time is 40min, and the molding temperature is 150-153 ℃.
And (5) forming the inner spring oil retainer.
The mould for forming the inner spring oil retainer ring of the airplane wheel comprises a preformed mould, a middle mould, a lower mould, an insert and an upper mould; the pre-forming die, the middle die, the lower die, the insert and the upper die are combined. When the oil retainer is used in combination, the middle die is placed on the upper surface of the lower die, and the inner surface of the middle die and the surface of the groove in the middle of the lower die form a cavity of the die, so that the rubber strip blank of the oil retainer is placed. The insert is located at the cavity and is placed on the base gel strip blank that is loaded into the cavity. When the base colloid is preformed and the spring in the oil retainer ring is positioned, the preformed mould is placed on the upper surfaces of the middle mould and the lower mould, so that the preformed mould is buckled with the middle mould and the lower mould; and placing the upper die on the upper surfaces of the middle die and the lower die during preforming and vulcanization molding of the filling colloid in the oil retainer, so that the upper die is buckled with the middle die and the lower die.
The lower die is an annular body, the upper surface of the lower die is a stepped surface, a groove is arranged between the inner edge and the outer edge of the upper surface of the lower die, and the groove and the inner surface of the middle die jointly form a semi-shaped cavity for forming the oil retainer. The inner shape of the semi-shaped cavity is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the oil retainer. The distance from the surface of the half-shaped cavity, which is close to the center of the lower die, to the center of the lower die is 0.5-1% larger than the inner radius of the oil retainer; the depth of the semi-shaped cavity is the same as the height of the oil retainer. The step surface of the outer edge of the lower die is a matching surface of the middle die.
The middle die is divided into a forming module and a positioning block according to functions. The forming module is positioned on the inner circumferential surface of the positioning block and is a radially protruding annular plate. The inner surface of the forming module is a stepped surface, the shape of the stepped surface is the same as the shape of the outer circumferential surface of the oil retainer, and the maximum inner radius of the forming module is 1% -1.5% larger than the outer radius of the oil retainer. The inner surface of the module and the semi-shaped cavity of the lower die form a cavity for forming the oil retainer.
The lower surface and the upper surface of the positioning block are respectively attached to the upper surface of the outer edge of the lower die and the lower surface of the outer edge of the upper die or the outer edge of the preforming die.
The insert is an annular body, the lower surface of the ring is in a ladder shape, and the inner edge of the insert is matched with the shape of the inner edge of the upper surface of the formed oil retainer; the middle part of the lower surface of the ring is provided with an axially protruding spring positioning block, the spring positioning block and the plane at the outer edge of the lower surface of the ring jointly form a positioning surface of the spring, and the outer surface of the spring after installation exceeds the outer surface of the insert by 0.1-0.7 mm. The minimum inner radius of the insert is 0.5-2 mm smaller than the minimum outer radius of the oil retainer matched with the insert.
The preformed die is an annular body. The lower surface of the preforming die is a stepped surface. The lower surface of the preforming die is provided with a cavity matched with the insert near the inner edge of the preforming die. The lower surface of the outer edge of the preforming die is a positioning surface matched with a positioning block in the middle die.
In the invention, the part is molded in three steps by utilizing the change of the microcosmic state of the sizing material in the rubber vulcanization process, the lower part of colloid is preformed first, then the spring is preformed, and finally the upper part of blank colloid is filled. The key two points of the precision molding are: control of the rubber blank and time control of the state change of the rubber in the vulcanization process.
The control of the sizing material blank comprises sizing amount, specification and die filling mode. In general, when preparing a sizing material blank, the sizing amount can be increased by 3% -5% on the basis of the net weight of a part, and only one adhesive tape specification is given according to the part structure, and the sizing material blank is placed along a die cavity to finish the sizing material blank. In order to minimize the impact degree of the rubber on the spring, the rubber blank is decomposed into four specifications, as shown in fig. 4, rubber strips 5 and 6 are used for forming lower part rubber, rubber strip 5 is placed on the inner side, rubber strip 6 is placed on the outer side, rubber strips 7 and 8 are used for forming upper part rubber, rubber strip 8 is placed on the inner side, rubber strip 7 is placed on the outer side, the circumference is calculated according to the diameter of a part to obtain the length of each blank, and the thickness and width of each blank are calculated according to the section height and width of a product. The amount of glue is controlled to within a tolerance of 0.3 grams more than the net weight.
The compound undergoes four stages in total during vulcanization: the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a rubber blank, which comprises the steps of pre-forming lower part rubber bodies by rubber strips 5 and 6, filling the rubber materials into a cavity after the pre-forming lower part rubber bodies in the scorching period, taking the optimal time of residual rubber bodies, opening a mold to take out the residual rubber bodies in a rubber flowing groove, shaping the lower part rubber bodies immediately after the lower part rubber bodies enter the thermal curing period, losing fluidity to gradually form a solid form, placing a spring into the lower part rubber bodies for pre-forming, directly presetting the spring at a required position in the rubber bodies by virtue of the mold, forcibly extruding the rubber materials with the same volume as the spring wire bodies into the rubber flowing groove, simultaneously rapidly filling the rubber materials into the spring bodies, immediately recovering balance after the change, avoiding redundant rubber materials and external force impact, ensuring that the spring positions are not changed, and after the thermal curing period is finished, taking out the residual rubber bodies extruded into the rubber flowing groove, opening the mold to form the mold cavity, and leaving the molded spring blank in the pre-formed blank. And finally filling the blank of the upper part with glue strips 7 and 8, filling the spring preform blank with glue strips 7 and 8, shaping the shape and position of the spring preform blank, and forming the flat vulcanization stage by the whole part, wherein the flow of the glue material of the upper part can impact the spring to shake just before entering the flat vulcanization stage, so that the control of the blank of the glue material of the upper part is a key point, the glue strips 7 and 8 are basically consistent with the specification of the glue material of the upper part corresponding to the structure of the upper part, the glue strips 7 and 8 are clamped in the center of a flat vulcanizing machine after the blank is filled, the pre-pressing is carried out, the residual glue is taken out after the upper part is burnt, the glue clamping, the air release and the pressure maintaining are timed to enter the flat vulcanization stage, the whole part enters the flat vulcanization stage for cross-linking shaping, the glue material molecular chain is not broken and is subjected to cross-linking reaction to form a stable macromolecular chain, and the flat vulcanization finished rubber has optimal performance, and the part shaping is completed.
The invention controls the sizing material blank and utilizes the change of the microstructure of the sizing material in the rubber vulcanization process to operate step by step, thereby avoiding the impact on the spring caused by the flowing of the sizing material in the die cavity and ensuring the molding of the spring at a required position.
When the preformed base colloid is finished to take the residual colloid and the preformed base colloid is finished to take the residual colloid, the process is carried out immediately after the pressurization is finished, the hot vulcanization stage is carried out too late, and the colloid at the part forming part is easily torn off when the residual colloid is taken.
The invention realizes the control of the glue amount by controlling the volume of the glue strip blank so as to ensure that the impact floating degree of the glue material on the spring is minimum.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention solves the problem of deformation and deviation caused by rubber flowing to spring impact in the vulcanization molding process by controlling the rubber blank and molding in steps by utilizing the microstructure and the shape change of the rubber in the vulcanization process, has accurate and standard requirements for each operation in the molding process, realizes engineering production, has good consistency of appearance of produced parts, checks the cut-off section of the vulcanized parts, meets the requirements for the shape and the position of the rubber and the spring, has no exposed spring surface and has no spring trace, and is shown in figures 6, 7, 8 and 9. The yield of production reaches more than 99 percent.
The weight of the sizing material blank is controlled in the vulcanization process, the residual sizing material taking process is carried out, and the formed part is connected
Nearly no burrs exist, and the loss of parts caused by deburring is reduced.
The precise forming method of the oil retainer for the inner-package spring is not only suitable for the inner-package spring, but also suitable for any metal framework of the inner-package spring, and has applicability for other rubber parts which have complex structures and cannot be directly formed at one time, and has wide market prospect.
Table 1: yield statistics for mass production inspection of parts of various embodiments
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rubber vulcanization process.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spring-encased oil slinger.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the step-wise profiled region of an innerspring oil retainer.
Fig. 4 is a schematic distribution diagram of an oil slinger strip blank with an enclosed spring.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the external shape of each strip blank.
Fig. 6 is a flow chart of a precision forming process of the oil retainer with the inner spring.
FIG. 7 is an external view of an oil slinger incorporating springs; wherein fig. 7a is an inner spring oil retainer obtained by the prior art, and fig. 7b is an inner spring oil retainer obtained by the present invention.
Fig. 8a shows the prior art in which the spring of the oil slinger is exposed, fig. 8b shows the oil slinger of the present invention in which the spring is not exposed, and fig. 8c shows the oil slinger of the present invention in cross section.
FIG. 9a is a spring bias in section of a prior art innerspring oil slinger; FIG. 9b is a cross-section of the spring-encased oil slinger of the present invention with the spring centered; FIG. 9c is a cross-section of the oil slinger of the innerspring as obtained in example 2 of the invention with the spring centered; fig. 9d shows the centering of the spring in the cross-section of the oil slinger of the inner wrap spring from example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 10a is a prior art oil slinger with a burr on the appearance of the prior art oil slinger; fig. 10b shows the appearance of the inventive oil slinger with an inner wrap spring approaching burr-free.
Fig. 11 is a mold for preforming an oil retainer with an enclosed spring.
Fig. 12 is a die for final forming of an oil retainer with an enclosed spring.
Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of a section of the middle die ring.
Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of an insert ring cross section.
Fig. 15 is a flow chart of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a rubber ring; 2. a spring; 3. a base colloid; 4. filling colloid; 5. a first strip blank; 6. a second strip blank; 7. a third strip blank; 8. a fourth strip blank; 9. a scorch period; 10. a hot vulcanization period; 11. flat vulcanization; 12. a overvulcanization period; 13. pre-forming a die; 14. middle mold; 15. an insert; 16. a lower die; 17. an upper die; 19. a molding module; 20. a positioning block; 21. a spring positioning block; 22. a first strip blank contour line.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a forming method of an inner spring oil retainer for an aircraft wheel, and the technical scheme of the forming method is described in detail through 4 embodiments.
The specific process of the invention is as follows:
Step 1, determining a step-by-step molding area;
According to the spring position proposed by design, the longitudinal section of the to-be-formed inner spring oil retainer is divided into a basic colloid 3 and a filling colloid 4, and the filling colloid is positioned on one side of the outer circumferential surface of the inner spring oil retainer.
The divided area of the filling colloid 4 is identical to the shape of the insert 15 in the die, and two mutually perpendicular positioning surfaces of the stepped lower surface of the filling colloid are respectively tangent to the vertex of the outer circumferential surface of the spring extruded into the base colloid after molding and the inner vertex or the outer vertex of the outer circumferential surface of the spring. The filling compound 4 is further divided into a filling region of the third strip blank 7 and a filling region of the fourth strip blank 8 by the two mutually perpendicular positioning surfaces as dividing lines. The filling area of the third adhesive tape blank is close to one side of the outer circumferential surface of the oil retainer, and the filling area of the fourth adhesive tape blank is positioned on the inner side of the filling area of the third adhesive tape blank and is close to one side of the center line of the oil retainer.
The divided area of the base colloid 3 is the same as the cross section shape of the half cavity in the lower die, and the spring 2 is wrapped in the area of the base adhesive tape. And dividing the basic colloid area into a filling area of the first adhesive tape blank 5 and a filling area of the second adhesive tape blank 6 by taking the radial symmetry center of the lower surface of the fourth adhesive tape blank filling area as a boundary. The inner circular surface of the filling area of the first adhesive tape blank 5 is the inner circular surface of the oil retainer; the outer circumferential surface of the filling area of the second adhesive tape blank 6 is the outer circumferential surface of the oil retainer.
Step 2, preparing adhesive tape blanks: the thin-pass back-refined film is cut into four strips, namely a first adhesive tape blank 5 and a second adhesive tape blank 6 for the base colloid 3, and a third adhesive tape blank 7 and a fourth adhesive tape blank 8 for the filling colloid 4. The cross section of each adhesive tape blank is the same as the shape of the adhesive tape blank filling area; the size of the section of each adhesive tape blank is 5-10% larger than the outline size of the adhesive tape blank filling area; the length of each adhesive tape is the same as the perimeter of the maximum circumference of the adhesive tape blank filling area.
The rubber strips are all made of 5880T rubber materials.
Table 1 adhesive tape specification for each example
Step 3, preforming a basic colloid:
placing the middle die 14 on the upper surface of the lower die 16, and forming a cavity of the die by the inner end surfaces of the middle die and the lower die; the upper surface of the middle mold and the upper surface of the inner end of the lower mold form a mating surface with the preform mold 13 or the upper mold 17. Placing the first adhesive tape blank in the cavity, and enabling the surface of the first adhesive tape blank to be attached to the inner circumferential surface of the cavity; and placing a second adhesive tape blank in the cavity, and enabling the surface of the second adhesive tape blank to be attached to the surface of the first adhesive tape blank. A preform mold 13 is placed on the upper surfaces of the middle and lower molds so as to be engaged therewith.
And placing the buckled mould into a vulcanizing machine, and performing pressurization by adopting a conventional method. The pressurizing pressure is 5-8 mpa, the pressurizing time is 15-30 s, and the preforming temperature is 150-153 ℃.
And opening the mould immediately after the pressurization is finished, removing the preformed mould, and removing the excessive sizing material in the gumming groove. A preformed base gel is obtained.
Table 2 process parameters of the examples
Step 4, positioning a spring: the spring selected for design is sleeved on the spring positioning block 21 of the insert 15 in the die. And placing the insert sleeved with the spring in the obtained basic rubber body. A preform mold 13 is placed on the upper surfaces of the middle and lower molds, and is clamped with the middle and lower molds 14 and 16, and the insert is fitted into an insert groove on the inner surface of the preform mold. The die after die assembly is placed in a vulcanizing machine, and the spring is positioned by pressurization through a conventional method. The pressurizing pressure is 5-8 mpa, the pressurizing time is 15-30 s, and the preforming temperature is 150-153 ℃.
And opening the die immediately after the pressurization is finished, removing the pre-forming die 13, and removing the excessive sizing material in the gumming groove. And the springs are placed in the basic colloid, so that the positioning of the springs is completed.
Table 3 process parameters of the examples
Step 5, preforming of filling colloid:
And placing the third adhesive tape blank and the fourth adhesive tape blank on the upper surface of the base colloid in which the spring is arranged in sequence, and enabling the position of the third adhesive tape blank to correspond to the position of the spring arranged in the base colloid, so that the position of the fourth adhesive tape blank is positioned above the spring. And the third adhesive tape blank and the fourth adhesive tape blank are attached to the inner surface of the base colloid.
The mold is replaced, the upper mold 17 in the mold is placed on the matching surface consisting of the upper surface of the middle mold 14 and the upper surface of the lower mold 16, and the filling colloid is preformed by closing the mold and pressurizing. Filling the colloid, wherein the preformed pressure is 5-8 mpa, the pressurizing time is 30-60 s, and the preformed temperature is 150-153 ℃.
And opening the die after the pressurization is finished, removing the upper die, and removing the excessive sizing material in the sizing groove. The preforming of the filling gel is completed.
Table 4 process parameters of the examples
Step 6, vulcanization molding: and (3) the upper die 17 is matched with the lower die and the middle die again, and the die after removing the excessive sizing material is placed in a vulcanizing machine for vulcanization molding. The vulcanization molding pressure is 5-8 mpa, the pressurizing time is 40min, and the molding temperature is 150-153 ℃.
And after the pressurization is finished, opening the die to obtain the vulcanized and molded inner spring oil retainer.
Table 5 process parameters of the examples
The invention also provides a die for forming the inner spring oil retainer ring of the airplane wheel. The mold comprises a preformed mold 13, a middle mold 14, a lower mold 16, an insert 15 and an upper mold 17; the preform mold 13, the intermediate mold 14, the lower mold 16, the insert 15, and the upper mold 17 are used in combination. When the oil retainer is combined, the middle die 14 is placed on the upper surface of the lower die 16, and the inner surface of the middle die and the surface of the groove in the middle of the lower die form a cavity of the die for placing the adhesive tape blank of the oil retainer. The insert 15 is located at the cavity and rests on the base gel strip blank which is loaded into the cavity. When the base colloid is preformed and the spring in the oil retainer is positioned, the preformed mould 13 is placed on the upper surfaces of the middle mould and the lower mould, so that the preformed mould is buckled with the middle mould and the lower mould; the upper die 17 is placed on the upper surfaces of the middle die and the lower die during preforming and vulcanization molding of the filler in the oil retainer, and is engaged with the upper die.
The lower die 16 is an annular body, the upper surface of the lower die is a stepped surface, and a groove is arranged between the inner edge and the outer edge of the upper surface of the lower die, and the groove and the inner surface of the middle die 14 jointly form a semi-shaped cavity for forming the oil retainer. The inner shape of the semi-shaped cavity is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the oil retainer.
Considering that the oil retainer contracts after being taken out of the die, the distance from the surface of the half-shaped cavity close to the center of the lower die is 0.5-1% larger than the inner radius of the oil retainer; the depth of the semi-shaped cavity is the same as the height of the oil retainer. The stepped surface of the outer edge of the lower die 16 is the mating surface of the middle die 14.
The middle die 14 is an annular body and is divided into a forming module 19 and a positioning block 20 according to functions. The forming module is positioned on the inner circumferential surface of the positioning block and is a radially protruding annular plate. The inner surface of the forming module is a stepped surface, the shape of the stepped surface is the same as the shape of the outer circumferential surface of the oil retainer, and the maximum inner radius of the forming module is 1% -1.5% larger than the outer radius of the oil retainer. The inner surface of the die block 19 and the half-shaped cavity of the lower die form a cavity for forming the slinger.
The lower surface and the upper surface of the positioning block are respectively attached to the upper surface of the outer edge of the lower die 16 and the lower surface of the outer edge of the upper die 17 or the outer edge of the preforming die 13, so that the axial positioning of the middle die is realized.
The insert 15 is an annular body, the lower surface of the ring is in a ladder shape, and the inner edge of the insert is matched with the shape of the inner edge of the upper surface of the formed oil retainer; the middle part of the lower surface of the ring is provided with an axially protruding spring positioning block 21, the spring positioning block and the plane at the outer edge of the lower surface of the ring jointly form a positioning surface of the spring, and the outer surface of the spring after installation exceeds the outer surface of the insert by 0.1-0.7 mm. The minimum inner radius of the insert is 0.5-2 mm smaller than the minimum outer radius of the oil retainer matched with the insert.
The preform mold 13 is an annular body. The lower surface of the preforming die is a stepped surface. A cavity is provided in the lower surface of the preform die near its inner edge for engagement with the insert 15. The lower surface of the outer edge of the pre-forming die is a positioning surface matched with a positioning block in the middle die 14.
The upper die 17 is an annular body. The lower surface of the upper die is a stepped surface. The lower surface of the upper die is provided with a forming block of the oil retainer close to the inner circle of the lower surface; the lower surface of the outer edge of the upper die is a positioning surface matched with a positioning block in the middle die.
Claims (7)
1. A forming method of an inner spring oil retainer for an aircraft wheel is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
Step 1, determining a step-by-step molding area:
According to the spring position proposed by the design, dividing the longitudinal section of the to-be-formed inner spring oil retainer into a basic colloid and a filling colloid; the area for filling the colloid is the same as the shape of the insert in the die and is positioned on one side of the outer circumferential surface of the inner spring oil retainer; two mutually perpendicular positioning surfaces of the stepped lower surface of the filling colloid are respectively tangent to the outer circumferential surface of the spring extruded into the basic colloid after molding; the cross section shape of the basic colloid is the same as that of the half cavity in the lower die, and the spring is wrapped in the basic colloid;
The two mutually perpendicular positioning surfaces are used as dividing lines, and the filling colloid area is further divided into a filling area of a third adhesive tape blank and a filling area of a fourth adhesive tape blank;
The base colloid area is further divided into a filling area of a first adhesive tape blank and a filling area of a second adhesive tape blank by taking the radial symmetry center of the lower surface of the fourth adhesive tape blank filling area as a boundary;
Step2, preparing adhesive tape blanks:
Cutting the thin-pass back-refined film into four strips, namely a first adhesive tape blank and a second adhesive tape blank for basic colloid, and a third adhesive tape blank and a fourth adhesive tape blank for filling colloid; the cross section of each adhesive tape blank is the same as the shape of the adhesive tape blank filling area; the size of the section of each adhesive tape blank is 5-10% larger than the outline size of the adhesive tape blank filling area; the length of each adhesive tape is the same as the perimeter of the maximum circumference of the blank filling area of the adhesive tape;
step 3, preforming a basic colloid:
Placing a middle die on the upper surface of a lower die, and forming a cavity of the die by the middle die and the inner end surface of the lower die; forming a matching surface with a pre-forming die or an upper die by the upper surface of the middle die and the upper surface of the inner end of the lower die; placing the first adhesive tape blank in the cavity, and enabling the surface of the first adhesive tape blank to be attached to the inner circumferential surface of the cavity; placing a second adhesive tape blank in the cavity, and enabling the surface of the second adhesive tape blank to be attached to the surface of the first adhesive tape blank; the inner circular surface of the filling area of the first adhesive tape blank is the inner circular surface of the oil retainer; the outer circumferential surface of the second adhesive tape blank filling area is the outer circumferential surface of the oil retainer; placing a pre-forming die on the upper surfaces of the middle die and the lower die, so that the pre-forming die is buckled with the middle die and the lower die;
Placing the buckled mould into a vulcanizing machine for pressurization and preforming, wherein the pressure of the preformed base colloid is 5-8 mpa, the pressurization time is 15-30 s, and the preforming temperature is 150-153 ℃;
Opening the mould to remove the pre-forming mould after the pressurization is finished, and removing excessive sizing materials in the gumming groove; obtaining preformed basic colloid;
Step4, positioning a spring:
Sleeving a spring on a spring positioning block of an insert in the die; placing an insert sleeved with a spring in the obtained basic rubber body; placing a pre-forming die on the upper surfaces of the middle die and the lower die, closing the dies with the middle die and the lower die, and embedding the insert into an insert groove on the inner surface of the pre-forming die; placing the die after die assembly into a vulcanizing machine to pressurize and position the spring; the positioning pressure of the spring is 5-8 mpa, the pressurizing time is 15-30 s, and the preforming temperature is 150-153 ℃;
Opening the die after pressurization is finished, removing the pre-forming die, and removing excessive sizing materials in the sizing groove; the spring is placed in the basic colloid, so that the positioning of the spring is completed;
Step 5, preforming of filling colloid:
Sequentially placing the third adhesive tape blank and the fourth adhesive tape blank on the upper surface of the basic colloid in which the spring is arranged, and enabling the position of the third adhesive tape blank to correspond to the position of the spring arranged, so that the position of the fourth adhesive tape blank is positioned above the spring; the third adhesive tape blank and the fourth adhesive tape blank are attached to the inner surface of the basic colloid; the filling area of the third adhesive tape blank is close to one side of the outer circumferential surface of the oil retainer, and the filling area of the fourth adhesive tape blank is positioned on the inner side of the filling area of the third adhesive tape blank and is close to one side of the center line of the oil retainer;
Changing a die, placing an upper die in the die on a matching surface formed by the upper surface of a middle die and the upper surface of a lower die, and closing the die and pressurizing to perform preforming of filling colloid; filling the colloid, wherein the preformed pressure of the colloid is 5-8 mpa, the pressurizing time is 30-60 s, and the preformed temperature is 150-153 ℃;
opening the die after pressurization is finished, removing the upper die, and removing excessive sizing materials in the sizing flow groove; preforming of the filling colloid is completed;
Step 6, vulcanization molding:
The upper die is put into a vulcanizing machine for vulcanization molding after being matched with the lower die and the middle die again; after the pressurization is finished, opening a die to obtain the vulcanized and molded inner spring oil retainer; the vulcanization molding pressure is 5-8 mpa, the pressurizing time is 40min, and the molding temperature is 150-153 ℃.
2. A mold for the method for molding an oil slinger for an aircraft wheel according to claim 1, characterized by comprising a preforming mold, a middle mold, a lower mold, an insert and an upper mold; the pre-forming die, the middle die, the lower die, the insert and the upper die are combined; when the oil retainer is used in combination, the middle die is arranged on the upper surface of the lower die, and the inner surface of the middle die and the surface of the groove in the middle of the lower die form a cavity of the die, and the cavity is used for arranging the adhesive tape blank of the oil retainer; the insert is positioned at the die cavity and is arranged on a basic colloid adhesive tape blank filled in the die cavity; when the base colloid is preformed and the spring in the oil retainer ring is positioned, the preformed mould is placed on the upper surfaces of the middle mould and the lower mould, so that the preformed mould is buckled with the middle mould and the lower mould; and placing the upper die on the upper surfaces of the middle die and the lower die during preforming and vulcanization molding of the filling colloid in the oil retainer, so that the upper die is buckled with the middle die and the lower die.
3. The die of claim 2, wherein the lower die is an annular body, the upper surface of the lower die is a stepped surface, and a groove is arranged between the inner edge and the outer edge of the upper surface of the lower die, and the groove and the inner surface of the middle die jointly form a semi-shaped cavity for forming the oil retainer; the inner shape of the semi-shaped cavity is the same as the cross section shape of the oil retainer;
the distance from the surface of the half-shaped cavity, which is close to the center of the lower die, to the center of the lower die is 0.5-1% larger than the inner radius of the oil retainer; the depth of the semi-shaped cavity is the same as the height of the oil retainer; the step surface of the outer edge of the lower die is a matching surface of the middle die.
4. A mould according to claim 3, wherein the intermediate mould is functionally divided into two parts, a forming module and a locating block; the forming module is positioned on the inner circumferential surface of the positioning block and is a radially protruding annular plate; the inner surface of the forming module is a stepped surface, the shape of the stepped surface is the same as the shape of the outer circumferential surface of the oil retainer, and the maximum inner radius of the forming module is 1% -1.5% larger than the outer radius of the oil retainer.
5. The mold of claim 2, wherein the lower and upper surfaces of the positioning block are respectively bonded to the upper surface of the lower mold outer edge and the lower surface of the upper mold outer edge or the preform mold outer edge.
6. The die of claim 2, wherein the insert is an annular body, the lower surface of the ring being stepped, the inner edge of which conforms to the shape of the inner edge of the upper surface of the formed slinger; the middle part of the lower surface of the ring is provided with an axially protruding spring positioning block, a positioning surface of the spring is formed by the spring positioning block and a plane at the outer edge of the lower surface of the ring together, and the outer surface of the spring after installation exceeds the outer surface of the insert by 0.1-0.7 mm; the minimum inner radius of the insert is 0.5-2 mm smaller than the minimum outer radius of the oil retainer matched with the insert.
7. The mold of claim 2, wherein the preform mold is an annular body; the lower surface of the pre-forming die is a step surface; a cavity matched with the insert is arranged on the lower surface of the preforming die near the inner edge of the preforming die; the lower surface of the outer edge of the preforming die is a positioning surface matched with a positioning block in the middle die.
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