CN113894705B - Surface roughening method for metal matrix - Google Patents
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 29
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000010288 cold spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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Abstract
The invention provides a surface roughening method of a metal matrix, and relates to the technical field of surface treatment of metal materials. The invention provides a surface roughening method of a metal matrix, which comprises the following steps: placing a workpiece to be treated on a clamp of cold spraying equipment, loading ceramic powder into a powder feeder of the cold spraying equipment, and starting the cold spraying equipment to spray, wherein in the spraying process, the outlet pressure of a spray gun is 3-6MPa, and the powder feeding amount is 70-150g/min. According to the invention, the ceramic powder with certain granularity and hardness is accelerated to strike the surface of the metal matrix to coarsen the surface, and various parameters in the spraying process are precisely controlled to realize that the surface roughness Ra value of the metal matrix is adjustable within the range of 8-13 mu m, the standard deviation is less than 0.5 mu m, so that the high requirement of the cold spraying process on the surface roughness of the matrix is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of surface treatment of metal materials, in particular to a surface roughening method of a metal matrix.
Background
The surface roughening is to treat the surface of the workpiece by physical or chemical method (physical impact or chemical corrosion) to destroy the surface structure and change the complete surface structure into a surface structure containing defects, so as to achieve the purpose of roughening. After coarsening, the surface roughness of the workpiece is improved, and the adhesive force is enhanced. For metal substrates, common surface roughening methods include mechanical polishing, sand blasting, shot blasting, wire drawing, arc priming, anodic oxidation, chemical etching, and the like.
After the metal matrix is mechanically polished, irregular scratches are generated on the surface, wherein the scratches are generated after the polishing medium breaks and changes the surface matrix, the depth and the arrangement sequence of the scratches often determine the polished surface roughness, the mechanical polishing process is relatively simple, the mechanical polishing process is usually used in places with low requirements on the surface roughness, the mechanically polished surface is generally small in roughness, and the uniform and high-roughness surface is difficult to obtain.
The sand blasting or shot blasting is a common metal surface roughening treatment process, and mainly uses compressed air to accelerate the spray (mostly oxide or mineral with Mohs hardness more than 8) so as to spray the spray onto the surface of a workpiece to be treated at a high speed, so that the outer surface of the workpiece is damaged due to the impact or cutting of the spray, and the roughness of different ranges is obtained. Compared with other surface roughening processes, the metal surface sand blasting process can treat a large-volume workpiece, and the surface roughness range of the workpiece can be controlled by the particle size of the sprayed material and the pressure of compressed air. The technological principle of shot blasting is basically consistent with that of sand blasting, and the shot blasting mainly uses steel balls or glass beads with appearance similar to that of a sphere, so that the roughness value of the surface of a workpiece after shot blasting is more uniform. However, in both the sand blasting and shot blasting processes, a large amount of sand or special shot is required on the production site, the site environment is severe, and it is difficult to obtain a substrate surface with good uniformity and high roughness.
Arc spraying primer wire is a process in which a wire is melted by a high temperature flame and then applied to the surface of a metal substrate, thereby roughening the surface of the substrate. The common wires in the arc spraying priming wire are mostly nickel alloy or copper alloy, compared with sand blasting and mechanical polishing, the arc spraying priming wire is easier to obtain a surface with high roughness, and nickel-based or copper-based alloy is selected as the priming wire, so that the alloy has stronger corrosion resistance, not only changes the roughness of the surface of the original matrix, but also changes the surface components of the matrix, and has larger requirements in certain special fields. However, alloy primer wires, especially nickel-based alloy wires, typically contain over 90% metallic nickel, which is expensive, and the current market price for preparing 1 meter 0.35mm thick nickel-based primer layers is approximately 600-800 yuan.
Chemical corrosion is also a common roughening method for the surface of a metal substrate, and according to the chemical properties of the surface of the substrate, the chemical corrosion generally selects different kinds of inorganic acid or organic acid combinations to corrode the surface of the substrate, and the main principle is as follows: the characteristics of large specific surface area at the grain boundary, inconsistent chemical properties of impurities and the body and the like lead to inconsistent corrosion rates of the corrosive liquid at different parts, so that the original relatively flat surface becomes uneven after corrosion. Chinese patent CN101215703A, CN101215699A and the like adopt inorganic strong acid and organic acid to carry out white sand surface washing treatment on the stainless steel surface under the condition of heating. CN110468413A is printed with photosensitive ink on the surface of a metal substrate, baked and exposed to form corrosion resistance points, and then the surface is corroded by alkaline or acid etching solution, so that the required roughened surface is obtained. Compared with physical roughening, chemical roughening uses more small workpiece surface treatment, and preparation of different rough surfaces is realized according to the concentration and the dosage of corrosive liquid, and the roughness control precision is higher than that of a physical method. However, the use of a large amount of etching solution increases the burden of waste acid treatment in factories and also causes environmental hazard.
The spray technique is one of the main techniques for preparing functional coatings on the surface of a workpiece, and is classified into thermal spraying and cold spraying according to whether or not powder is melted. In order to enhance the bonding force between the coating and the substrate, the surface of the substrate is generally required to be roughened, and the roughening range of the surface of the substrate can affect the bonding force between the coating and the substrate at different positions. Cold spraying (Cold spraying, CS) is a novel spraying technique, which is based on the aerodynamic principle, and utilizes high-pressure gas to carry metal powder particles to generate supersonic airflow from an axial direction into a Laval nozzle (Laval nozzle) of a spray gun, and the metal powder particles (1-90 μm) are accelerated to 500-1200m/s by the high-speed airflow and then strike a substrate (metal, ceramic, glass, etc.) in a complete solid state, and are deposited on the surface of the substrate through plastic deformation to form a compact coating. Compared with the thermal spraying technology, the cold spraying technology is very suitable for preparing a material layer with plastic deformation, and the density and strength of the coating after cold spraying can basically reach the casting strength, so that the coating is widely applied in the fields of aerospace part repair, 3D printing, large-size target material preparation and the like. The bonding between the coating and the matrix by the cold spraying technology is basically metallurgical bonding or mechanical engagement between particles, and the bonding strength between the coating and the matrix at different positions is inconsistent due to inconsistent roughness of the matrix. In the field of cold spraying preparation, the roughness range of the surface of a substrate is required to be 8-13 mu m, the roughness is too small, the binding force of a coating is insufficient, and the roughness is too large to cause uneven appearance of the coating. Traditional sand blasting is difficult to meet the requirement of a cold spraying process on the surface roughness of a substrate, the arc priming cost of alloy wires is high, the roughness of the surface priming layers is high generally, and the flatness of the coating is affected to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a surface roughening method for a metal substrate, and aims to solve the problem of low control precision of roughness in the current cold spraying process.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a surface roughening method for a metal substrate, comprising the following steps: placing a workpiece to be treated on a clamp of cold spraying equipment, loading ceramic powder into a powder feeder of the cold spraying equipment, and starting the cold spraying equipment to spray, wherein in the spraying process, the outlet pressure of a spray gun is 3-6MPa, and the powder feeding amount is 70-150g/min.
In the technical scheme of the invention, aiming at the high requirement of the cold spraying process on the surface roughness of the substrate, the ceramic powder with certain granularity and hardness is accelerated by means of commercial cold spraying equipment, so that the ceramic powder particles have enough kinetic energy to strike the surface of the metal substrate (namely the workpiece to be treated) to form a rough surface after damaging the surface of the metal substrate.
The surface roughness of a metal substrate is related to the impact velocity of the ceramic powder and the number of particles impacting the surface of the metal substrate per unit time, wherein the impact velocity of the ceramic powder is mainly dependent on the pressure of the spray gun during the spraying process. In order to ensure that the surface roughness of the metal substrate is uniform and consistent after roughening, the number of particles impacting the surface of the substrate in unit time needs to be controlled, if the number of particles is too large, the carrier gas is insufficient to accelerate the particles, the particle speed is too small, and enough kinetic energy does not damage the surface of the substrate, so that a larger roughness range cannot be obtained; if the number of particles is too small, coarsening efficiency is low, processing cost is increased, and cost is excessively increased so that the processing technology is not advantageous.
The inventor finds through a large number of experiments that when the outlet pressure of the spray gun is 3-6MPa and the powder feeding amount is 70-150g/min, after the surface of the metal matrix is sprayed and roughened, the roughness Ra of the surface of the matrix is in the range of 8-13 mu m, and the standard deviation of the roughness Ra can be controlled to be less than 0.5 mu m, so that the roughness of the surface of the metal matrix is kept at a higher level.
As a preferred embodiment of the surface roughening method of a metal substrate of the present invention, the ceramic powder has a mohs hardness of more than 8, and the ceramic powder comprises: at least one of zirconia, alumina, silica, and silicon carbide.
The roughening process of the surface of the metal substrate is opposite to the process of preparing the coating by the cold spraying method, namely, particles cannot be deposited on the surface of the metal substrate when the surface of the substrate is roughened. The choice of particles is therefore important, and ceramic particles which are not plastically deformed are often used, for example: zirconia, alumina, silica, siC, etc., while the particles must have a hardness that does not damage the matrix if the hardness of the particles is less than the hardness of the matrix.
As a preferred embodiment of the surface roughening method for a metal substrate of the present invention, the ceramic powder has a median particle diameter of 350-800um.
The surface roughness of the metal substrate is also related to the particle size of the ceramic powder, and the roughness of the metal substrate is formed because many defects are generated after the smooth and flat surface is broken. The surface roughness is the roughness of small pitch and tiny peaks and valleys of the processed surface, namely the distance between two wave crests or two wave troughs, and is called wave pitch for short. The definition of the binding roughness is as follows: when the particle speeds are the same, large particles have large kinetic energy, and after striking the substrate, wide and deep defects can be generated. The ceramic powder adopted by the invention has the microscopic morphology of irregular particles with sharp edges or particles with similar spherical morphology. The inventor finds through a large number of experiments that when the D50 particle size (namely the median particle size) of the ceramic powder is in the range of 350-800um, the surface roughness of the sprayed metal matrix has better roughness effect compared with other particle sizes.
As a preferred embodiment of the surface roughening method of a metal substrate of the present invention, the carrier gas and the accelerator gas of the cold spray apparatus include: at least one of nitrogen and dry air.
As a preferred embodiment of the surface roughening method for a metal substrate of the present invention, the flow ratio of the carrier gas to the accelerating gas is: accelerating gas=0.15-0.3:1.
As a preferred embodiment of the surface roughening method for a metal substrate, the distance between the outlet of the spray gun and the surface of the workpiece to be treated is 30-80mm.
As a preferred implementation mode of the surface roughening method for the metal matrix, if the surface of the workpiece to be treated is a plane, in the spraying process, the spray gun makes linear reciprocating motion relative to the workpiece to be treated, and the moving speed of the spray gun is 50-120mm/s.
In the technical scheme of the invention, when the surface of the workpiece to be treated is a plane, the spray gun is clamped by a mechanical arm, the base surface of the workpiece to be treated is fixed, and the spray gun moves relative to the workpiece to be treated at a speed of 50-120 mm/s. The spray gun moves in a linear reciprocating mode, namely, the spray gun enters from the near end along one side (X direction) of the workpiece, comes out from the far end, moves along the Y axis for 0.7-0.9 times of the diameter distance of the outlet of the spray gun, and returns to the near end from the far end of the workpiece, so that the spray gun reciprocates until the whole surface of the workpiece is roughened.
As a preferred embodiment of the surface roughening method for a metal substrate, if the workpiece to be treated is tubular, the spray gun makes a linear reciprocating motion at a speed of 80-120mm/s with respect to the central axis direction of the workpiece to be treated and the rotation speed of the workpiece to be treated is 50-100rpm during the spraying process.
In the technical scheme of the invention, when the workpiece to be treated is tubular, namely, the surface of the metal matrix is cylindrical, the workpiece to be treated rotates by taking the central axis as a reference in the spraying process, the rotation speed is 50-100rpm, and meanwhile, the spray gun linearly reciprocates at a speed of 80-120mm/s relative to the central axis direction of the workpiece to be treated.
As a preferred embodiment of the surface roughening method for the metal substrate, the surface roughness of the workpiece to be treated is less than 1um.
As a preferred implementation mode of the surface roughening method of the metal matrix, the workpiece to be treated is subjected to surface degreasing treatment by adopting alkali liquor before spraying.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the technical scheme, commercial cold spraying equipment is adopted to accelerate ceramic powder with certain granularity and hardness, the ceramic powder is impacted on the surface of a metal matrix to coarsen the surface, the Ra value of the surface roughness of the metal matrix is adjustable within the range of 8-13 mu m by precisely controlling various parameters in the spraying process, the standard deviation is smaller than 0.5 mu m, and the high requirement of a cold spraying process on the surface roughness of the matrix is met.
(2) The ceramic powder amount required in the spraying process is very small, the pollution to the environment is small, and compared with the arc priming nickel-based or copper-based alloy wire on the surface of the metal matrix, the ceramic powder amount has the cost advantage of raw materials; in addition, the invention can realize the processing of two processes of surface roughening and coating preparation by only one commercial cold spraying device, thereby reducing the input cost of the device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the macroscopic morphology of the surface of the metal substrate after the treatment of comparative examples 1-2, example 1, wherein zone A corresponds to comparative example 1, zone B corresponds to comparative example 2, and zone C corresponds to example 1.
Detailed Description
For a better description of the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described by means of specific examples.
The cold spraying equipment adopted in the embodiment and the comparative example is DWCS-2000 type high-pressure and high-temperature cold spraying equipment; a304 stainless steel pipe with an inner diameter of 125mm, an outer diameter of 133mm and a length of 500mm is selected as a workpiece to be treated, and the arithmetic average value of the surface roughness of the 304 stainless steel pipe measured by a roughness tester is 0.56 mu m.
Example 1
The surface roughening method of the metal substrate in this embodiment includes the following steps:
Before use, cleaning a workpiece to be treated by adopting a sodium hydroxide solution to remove surface organic matters, placing the workpiece to be treated on a clamp of cold spraying equipment, and filling ceramic powder into a powder feeder of the cold spraying equipment, wherein the ceramic powder adopts alumina powder with a median particle size of 380 mu m and a Mohs hardness of 9;
Starting cold spraying equipment to spray, wherein in the spraying process, the pressure of a spray gun outlet is 4.2MPa, the powder feeding amount is 70g/min, the distance between the spray gun outlet and the surface of a workpiece to be treated is 30mm, and the flow ratio of carrier gas to accelerating gas is that of carrier gas: accelerating gas=0.15:1, the torch is linearly reciprocated at a speed of 80mm/s with respect to the central axis direction of the workpiece to be treated, and the rotation speed of the workpiece to be treated is 100rpm.
Example 2
The surface roughening method of the metal substrate of this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1, except that: the ceramic powder of this example was an alumina powder having a median particle diameter of 420 μm and a mohs hardness of 9.
Example 3
The surface roughening method of the metal substrate of this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1, except that: the ceramic powder of this example was an alumina powder having a median particle diameter of 750 μm and a mohs hardness of 9.
Comparative example 1
The surface roughening method of the metal base of this comparative example was basically the same as that of example 1, except that: the ceramic powder of this comparative example was alumina powder having a median particle diameter of 100 μm and a mohs hardness of 9;
Comparative example 2
The surface roughening method of the metal base of this comparative example was basically the same as that of example 1, except that: the ceramic powder of this comparative example was an alumina powder having a median particle diameter of 250 μm and a mohs hardness of 9.
Comparative example 3
The surface roughening method of the metal base of this comparative example was basically the same as that of example 1, except that: the ceramic powder of this comparative example was an alumina powder having a median particle diameter of 25.4 μm and a mohs hardness of 9.
Comparative example 4
The surface roughening method of the metal base of this comparative example was basically the same as that of example 1, except that: the ceramic powder of example 1 was replaced with mineral sand having a median particle size of 250 μm and a mohs hardness of 5.
The roughness of the surfaces of the metal substrates treated in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4 was measured by randomly selecting 7 points, and the average roughness and standard deviation were calculated, and the test results are shown in the following table 1, and the macro topography of the surfaces of the metal substrates treated in comparative examples 1-2 and example 1 is shown in fig. 1.
TABLE 1 surface roughness Ra results (Unit: μm) of the metal substrates treated in examples 1-3, comparative examples 1-4
As can be seen from Table 1, the average roughness of the body surface after the treatment of examples 1-3 is in the range of 8 μm to 13 μm, the standard deviation is less than 0.5 μm, and the parameters can meet the high requirement of the cold spraying process on the surface roughness of the substrate. In comparative examples 1-3, after the alumina ceramic powder with smaller median particle diameter is adopted, the average value of the surface roughness of the substrate is less than 8 mu m, and the roughness requirement of the cold spraying process cannot be met; in comparative example 4, the average value of the surface roughness of the matrix is 4.04 μm, the standard deviation is 0.66, and the use of the powder with smaller hardness results in larger standard deviation, and compared with the alumina powder with the same particle size in comparative example 2, the surface roughness value of the treated body is smaller, and the standard deviation is obviously increased.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted equally without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A surface roughening method of a metal substrate, characterized in that the roughness of the metal substrate ranges from 8 μm to 13 μm, and the standard deviation of the roughness Ra is controlled to be less than 0.5 μm, the surface roughening method of the metal substrate comprising the steps of: placing a workpiece to be treated on a clamp of cold spraying equipment, loading ceramic powder into a powder feeder of the cold spraying equipment, and starting the cold spraying equipment to spray, wherein in the spraying process, the outlet pressure of a spray gun is 3-6MPa, and the powder feeding amount is 70-150g/min; the median particle diameter of the ceramic powder is 350-800 mu m; the Mohs hardness of the ceramic powder is more than 8; the carrier gas and the acceleration gas of the cold spray apparatus include: at least one of nitrogen and dry air; the flow ratio of the carrier gas to the accelerating gas is as follows: accelerating gas=0.15-0.3:1; the ceramic powder is one of zirconia, alumina, silicon oxide and silicon carbide; the distance between the outlet of the spray gun and the surface of the workpiece to be treated is 30-80mm; if the surface of the workpiece to be treated is a plane, in the spraying process, the spray gun makes linear reciprocating motion relative to the workpiece to be treated, and the moving speed of the spray gun is 50-120mm/s; if the workpiece to be treated is tubular, in the spraying process, the spray gun makes linear reciprocating motion at a speed of 80-120mm/s relative to the central axis direction of the workpiece to be treated, and the rotating speed of the workpiece to be treated is 50-100rpm; the surface roughness of the workpiece to be treated is smaller than 1 mu m; the ceramic powder has an irregular microcosmic appearance and is provided with particles with sharp edges; and the workpiece to be treated is subjected to surface degreasing treatment by adopting alkali liquor before spraying.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111147593.0A CN113894705B (en) | 2021-09-28 | Surface roughening method for metal matrix |
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| CN202111147593.0A CN113894705B (en) | 2021-09-28 | Surface roughening method for metal matrix |
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| CN113894705A CN113894705A (en) | 2022-01-07 |
| CN113894705B true CN113894705B (en) | 2024-06-07 |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106835112A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-06-13 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | A kind of preparation method of the stainless steel composite coating of Mg alloy surface cold spraying 420 |
| CN108315638A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-24 | 西北有色金属研究院 | A kind of cold spraying iron(-)base powder and its preparation method and application |
| CN111519180A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-11 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Metal ceramic composite coating for airplane wing and preparation method thereof |
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106835112A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-06-13 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | A kind of preparation method of the stainless steel composite coating of Mg alloy surface cold spraying 420 |
| CN108315638A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-24 | 西北有色金属研究院 | A kind of cold spraying iron(-)base powder and its preparation method and application |
| CN111519180A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-11 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Metal ceramic composite coating for airplane wing and preparation method thereof |
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