CN113894187B - Prestress laser bending forming method for aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard - Google Patents
Prestress laser bending forming method for aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard Download PDFInfo
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- CN113894187B CN113894187B CN202111153572.XA CN202111153572A CN113894187B CN 113894187 B CN113894187 B CN 113894187B CN 202111153572 A CN202111153572 A CN 202111153572A CN 113894187 B CN113894187 B CN 113894187B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D5/00—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves
- B21D5/01—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves between rams and anvils or abutments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/92—Making other particular articles other parts for aircraft
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Abstract
The invention provides a prestress laser bending forming method of an aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard, which comprises the following steps of S1, dividing a plurality of areas to be formed on the breadth of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard; s2, selecting any area to be formed for pre-bending loading, so that the area to be formed enters slight plasticity; s3, scanning ribs with concentrated elastic stress in the region to be formed by using laser beams; s4, unloading after the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard is cooled to room temperature, and forming the to-be-formed area subjected to pre-bending loading; and S5, sequentially repeating the steps S2, S3 and S4 for the rest areas to be formed, and obtaining the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard bending forming piece. The pre-bending loading is carried out on the to-be-formed area, so that the to-be-formed area enters slight plasticity, and then the rib parts with concentrated elastic stress are scanned by the laser beam, so that the bending forming of the aluminum alloy high-rib wall plate is realized, overload damage and destruction of the high-rib wall plate are avoided, and the forming precision of the high-rib wall plate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal plastic forming, in particular to a prestress laser bending forming method for an aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard.
Background
The aluminum alloy wallboard is a main bearing component widely used on large aircrafts such as carrier rockets, space stations, military aircrafts, civil aircrafts and the like, is also an important component of the aerodynamic appearance of the aircrafts, and comprises structural elements such as skins, ribs, bosses and the like.
In recent years, in order to meet the requirements of improving the carrying capacity of an aircraft and reducing the weight of the structure, the design height of ribs of an aluminum alloy wallboard is continuously increased, and aluminum alloy high-rib wallboards with the rib heights of more than 30mm are increasingly applied. The aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard is usually formed by adopting a roll bending or press bending method, and the forming process of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard has the following problems that firstly, the wallboard ribs are instable and cracked due to overlarge mechanical load born; secondly, the wallboard generates obvious rebound in the unloading process, and the precision requirement is difficult to reach.
The prior Chinese patent with publication number of CN105033004B discloses a light wallboard laser-induced flexible forming system and a light wallboard laser-induced flexible forming method, wherein the light wallboard laser-induced flexible forming system comprises a photographic measuring unit, a laser, an infrared thermometer, an intelligent cooling unit, a machine tool workbench, a machine tool scanning driving mechanism, a data analysis control unit and a machine tool control unit; in each scanning line, irradiating a light wallboard plane member to be formed by using a laser beam, measuring the temperature of the light wallboard, and performing cooling control according to the measured temperature to enable the light wallboard plane member to be formed to generate bending deformation towards the laser beam direction; measuring the deformation of the light wallboard plane member, judging whether the deformation of the light wallboard plane member reaches a set value, and if the deformation of the light wallboard plane member reaches the set value, performing laser irradiation of the next scanning line; if the set value is not reached, the laser irradiation of the scanning line is performed again.
The inventor believes that there is a need for improved laser-induced flexible forming systems and methods that rely on laser-heated induced thermal stresses to bend wallboard, which have limited forming capabilities and are difficult to bend aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard with high deformation resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a prestress laser bending forming method for an aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard.
The invention provides a prestress laser bending forming method for an aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard, which comprises the following steps: s1, dividing a plurality of areas to be formed on the breadth of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard; s2, selecting any region to be formed for pre-bending loading, so that the region to be formed enters slight plasticity; s3, scanning rib parts with concentrated elastic stress in the to-be-formed area which enters slight plasticity by using laser beams; s4, unloading after the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard subjected to laser scanning is cooled to room temperature, and forming the area to be formed subjected to pre-bending loading; and S5, sequentially repeating the steps S2, S3 and S4 for the rest areas to be formed, and obtaining the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard bending forming piece.
Preferably, for step S1, an overlapping area is formed between any of the to-be-formed areas and the adjacent to-be-formed area in a matching manner.
Preferably, the area of the overlap zone is between 10% and 25% of the area to be formed.
Preferably, for the step S2, a three-point bending method is adopted to perform pre-bending loading on the area to be formed; the three-point press bending method adopts two lower pressure heads and an upper pressure head, wherein the two lower pressure heads are respectively applied to the skin surface of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard, the two lower pressure heads are respectively positioned at the edge positions of two sides of a to-be-formed area for pre-bending loading, the upper pressure heads are applied to the rib surface of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard, and the upper pressure heads are positioned in the middle of the to-be-formed area for pre-bending loading; the upper pressure head and the two lower pressure heads are matched to enable the to-be-formed area subjected to pre-bending loading to be subjected to bending deformation.
Preferably, the magnitude of the bending load applied to the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard is determined by a finite element simulation method, the maximum plastic strain in the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard after loading is not more than 2%, and the surface of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard is not damaged by indentation, scratch, microcrack and the like.
Preferably, the rib portion where the elastic stress is concentrated in the region to be formed in step S3 is determined by theoretical analysis or finite element simulation.
Preferably, for step S4, the laser beam comprises a laser beam emitted by a continuous wave laser.
Preferably, for step S4, when the laser beam scans the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard, it is ensured that melting, ablation and obvious oxidation phenomena do not occur on the surface of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard.
Preferably, when the laser beam scans the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard in step S4, the temperature of the surface of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard is generally required to be within 400 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the area to be formed is subjected to pre-bending loading by using a three-point bending method of two lower pressure heads and one upper pressure head, so that the area to be formed is slightly plastic, and then the rib parts with concentrated elastic stress are scanned by laser beams, so that the bending forming of the aluminum alloy high-rib wall plate is realized, the mechanical load applied to the aluminum alloy high-rib wall plate in the whole forming process is small, overload damage and damage to the aluminum alloy high-rib wall plate are avoided, and the rebound of the wall plate is small when the wall plate is unloaded after the laser action, thereby being beneficial to improving the forming precision;
2. according to the invention, the aluminum alloy high-rib wallboard is loaded by matching the two lower pressure heads with the upper pressure head, and the loading mode can enable the area to be formed to enter slight plasticity on one hand, has high flexibility on the other hand, and can be suitable for aluminum alloy high-rib wallboards with different shapes and different rib structures;
3. the invention is beneficial to improving the smoothness of deformation transition of the two adjacent areas to be formed through the overlapping area between the two adjacent areas to be formed.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the distribution of the areas to be formed divided on a wall plate of a high-strength aluminum alloy according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the laser beam scanning of the region to be formed according to the present invention.
The figure shows:
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the method for forming the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1 by prestress laser bending provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing five areas 5 to be formed on the breadth of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1, wherein the shapes and the areas of the five areas 5 to be formed are equal. The aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1 is a main bearing component widely used on large aircrafts such as carrier rockets, space stations, military aircrafts, civil aircrafts and the like. An overlapping area 6 is formed between any to-be-formed area 5 and the adjacent to-be-formed area 5 in a matching way, the area of the overlapping area 6 accounts for 10% -25% of the area of the to-be-formed area 5, and the overlapping area 6 is used for enabling deformation between the two adjacent to-be-formed areas 5 to be smoothly transited.
S2, selecting any area 5 to be formed for pre-bending loading, wherein the area 5 to be formed is subjected to pre-bending loading by adopting a three-point bending method. The three-point press bending method adopts two lower pressing heads 3 and an upper pressing head 2, wherein the two lower pressing heads 3 are all applied to the skin surface of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1, and the two lower pressing heads 3 are respectively positioned at the edge positions of two sides of a region 5 to be formed for pre-bending loading. The upper pressure head 2 acts on the rib surface of the aluminum alloy high-rib wallboard 1, and the upper pressure head 2 is positioned in the middle of a to-be-formed area 5 subjected to pre-bending loading. The pre-bending loading to-be-formed area 5 is subjected to bending deformation through the cooperation of the upper pressing head 2 and the two lower pressing heads 3.
The area 5 to be formed is subjected to pre-bending loading by a three-point bending method, and the area 5 to be formed is subjected to slight plasticity, wherein the slight plasticity means that the maximum plastic strain in the loaded aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1 is not more than 2%, and the surface of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1 is not damaged by indentation, scratch, microcrack and the like. In actual operation, the magnitude of the bending load applied to the aluminum alloy high-strength steel wall plate 1 can be determined by a finite element simulation method.
The method for pre-bending loading by adopting the three-point bending method has the advantages that: can overcome the defect that the forming capability is limited when the wallboard is formed by bending by laser only, and the short plate of the wallboard with large deformation resistance and high rib is difficult to bend. By pre-bending the region 5 to be formed, the forming ability of the laser bending can be improved. And the bending direction of the area 5 to be formed can be better controlled by matching the two lower pressing heads 3 with one upper pressing head 2, so that the bending efficiency and the bending precision are improved.
S3, scanning the rib part with the elastic stress concentration in the slightly plastic to-be-formed area 5 by using a laser beam, wherein the rib part with the elastic stress concentration in the to-be-formed area 5 can be determined by theoretical analysis or finite element simulation, and the application preferably uses the finite element simulation. For the selection of the laser beam, the laser beam with high energy density uniformity and high absorptivity of the aluminum alloy material is selected as far as possible, and the 808nm wavelength laser beam emitted by the continuous wave semiconductor laser 4 is selected. When the laser beam is used for scanning the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1, the surface of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1 is ensured not to be melted, ablated and obviously oxidized, and the temperature of the surface of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1 is preferably ensured to be within 400 ℃.
S4, cooling the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1 after the laser scanning is finished to room temperature, unloading, and taking out the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1 from between the two lower pressure heads 3 and one upper pressure head 2, thereby completing the forming of the area 5 to be formed, which is subjected to pre-bending loading.
And S5, sequentially repeating the steps S2, S3 and S4 for the rest of the areas 5 to be formed, and obtaining the bending forming piece of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1.
Preferred embodiments
The invention provides a prestress laser bending forming method for an aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1, which comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1, S1, five areas 5 to be formed are divided on the breadth of the aluminum alloy high-rib wallboard 1, the overall length and width dimensions of the aluminum alloy high-rib wallboard 1 are 1000mm×950mm, the thickness of the skin is 3mm, the height of the ribs is 30mm, and the width of the ribs is 3mm. The shape of the target is circular arc, and the curvature radius is 1675mm. The wall plate is divided into 5 rectangular areas 5 to be formed, each area having a width of 240mm and the overlap area 6 between adjacent areas having a width of 50mm.
S2, selecting a region 5 to be formed in the middle of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1 for pre-bending loading, and setting the span between the two lower pressure heads 3 to be 240mm equal to the width of the single region 5 to be formed when three-point bending is performed. According to the three-point bending finite element simulation result of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1, the bending load is set to 800kN, the maximum plastic strain of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1 after bending is about 1%, and no damage such as indentation, scratch, microcrack and the like occurs on the surface.
As shown in fig. 2, S3, according to the finite element simulation, the elastic stress of the aluminum alloy high-strength steel wall plate 1 is mainly concentrated on the upper surface of the rib and the root of the rib in the to-be-formed area 5. The continuous wave semiconductor laser 4 is used for emitting laser beams to scan the upper surface of the rib and the root of the rib, and the main laser parameter values in practical use are as follows: laser power 4000W, spot diameter 3mm, scanning speed 8mm/s.
S4, cooling the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1 after scanning to room temperature, and unloading to finish forming the area. In this embodiment, after completing laser scanning on the area 5 to be formed of the aluminum alloy high-strength wall plate 1, the aluminum alloy high-strength wall plate 1 is naturally cooled to room temperature of 25 ℃, and then unloaded.
And S5, sequentially forming the rest areas 5 to be formed of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1, and obtaining the bending forming piece of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1. In this embodiment, the to-be-formed areas 5 on both sides of the to-be-formed area 5 located in the middle of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1 are alternately bent and formed, and after the five to-be-formed areas 5 are completely bent and formed from the to-be-formed area 5 close to the middle to the to-be-formed area 5 far away from the middle, the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1 with the external surface curvature radius of 1675mm is obtained.
Principle of operation
By dividing a plurality of areas 5 to be formed on the breadth of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1; then selecting any area 5 to be formed for pre-bending loading, so that the area 5 to be formed enters slight plasticity; then scanning the rib parts with concentrated elastic stress in the slightly plastic to-be-formed area 5 by using laser beams; then cooling the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1 to be subjected to laser scanning to room temperature, and unloading to finish forming the area 5 to be formed, which is subjected to pre-bending loading; and then sequentially repeating the steps S2, S3 and S4 for the rest of the areas to be formed 5, so as to obtain the bending forming piece of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard 1.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present application and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without affecting the spirit of the invention. The embodiments of the present application and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (4)
1. The prestress laser bending forming method for the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, dividing a plurality of areas (5) to be formed on the breadth of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard (1);
s2, selecting any region (5) to be formed for pre-bending loading, so that the region (5) to be formed enters slight plasticity;
s3, scanning rib parts with concentrated elastic stress in the to-be-formed area (5) which enters slight plasticity by using laser beams;
s4, after the laser scanning is finished, the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard (1) is cooled to room temperature and then unloaded, and forming of the area (5) to be formed, which is subjected to pre-bending loading, is completed;
s5, sequentially repeating the steps S2, S3 and S4 for the rest of the areas (5) to be formed, so as to obtain the bending forming piece of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard (1);
for the step S1, an overlapping area (6) is formed between any to-be-formed area (5) and the adjacent to-be-formed area (5) in a matching way;
aiming at the step S2, a three-point bending method is adopted to pre-bend and load the area (5) to be formed;
the three-point press bending method adopts two lower pressure heads (3) and an upper pressure head (2), wherein the two lower pressure heads (3) are respectively applied to the skin surface of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard (1), the two lower pressure heads (3) are respectively positioned at the edge positions of two sides of a to-be-formed area (5) for pre-bending loading, the upper pressure head (2) is applied to the rib surface of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard (1), and the upper pressure head (2) is positioned in the middle of the to-be-formed area (5) for pre-bending loading;
the upper pressure head (2) and the two lower pressure heads (3) are matched to enable the to-be-formed area (5) subjected to pre-bending loading to bend and deform;
determining the magnitude of a bending load applied to the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard (1) by a finite element simulation method, wherein the maximum plastic strain in the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard (1) after loading is not more than 2%, and the surface of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard (1) is not damaged by indentation, scratch, microcrack and the like;
aiming at the step S4, when the laser beam scans the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard (1), the surface of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard (1) is ensured not to be melted, ablated and obviously oxidized;
for step S4, when the laser beam scans the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard (1), the temperature of the surface of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard (1) is generally required to be within 400 ℃.
2. A method of prestress laser bending of aluminium alloy high-strength wall panels according to claim 1, characterized in that the area of the overlap zone (6) is 10% -25% of the area (5) to be formed.
3. The method for forming the prestress laser bending of the aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the rib part with concentrated elastic stress in the area (5) to be formed is determined by theoretical analysis or finite element simulation.
4. The method of prestress laser bending forming of an aluminum alloy high-strength wallboard according to claim 1, wherein for step S4, the laser beam comprises a laser beam emitted by a continuous wave laser (4).
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| CN101288888A (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2008-10-22 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Laser and blast compound forming method based prestress force |
| CN103111497A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-05-22 | 宁波市瑞通新材料科技有限公司 | Laser forming method for metal sheet |
| CN105033004A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-11-11 | 北京卫星制造厂 | Lightweight wall plate laser-inducing flexible forming system and method |
| JP2018176254A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2018-11-15 | 株式会社アマダホールディングス | Laser beam machine, press working method, and flexural processing method |
| CN112570510A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-03-30 | 同济大学 | Laser-assisted roll forming method, device and system for reducing part springback |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101288888A (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2008-10-22 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Laser and blast compound forming method based prestress force |
| CN103111497A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-05-22 | 宁波市瑞通新材料科技有限公司 | Laser forming method for metal sheet |
| CN105033004A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-11-11 | 北京卫星制造厂 | Lightweight wall plate laser-inducing flexible forming system and method |
| JP2018176254A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2018-11-15 | 株式会社アマダホールディングス | Laser beam machine, press working method, and flexural processing method |
| CN112570510A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-03-30 | 同济大学 | Laser-assisted roll forming method, device and system for reducing part springback |
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