CN113891821A - 拖车制动系统 - Google Patents

拖车制动系统 Download PDF

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CN113891821A
CN113891821A CN202080033461.2A CN202080033461A CN113891821A CN 113891821 A CN113891821 A CN 113891821A CN 202080033461 A CN202080033461 A CN 202080033461A CN 113891821 A CN113891821 A CN 113891821A
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trailer
pressure
brake
braking system
pneumatic
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M·弗里
M·梅德尔
S·帕尔
F·芬克尔
T·施特尔
C·斯托尔
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Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH
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Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/321Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration deceleration
    • B60T8/323Systems specially adapted for tractor-trailer combinations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/12Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger
    • B60T7/20Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger specially for trailers, e.g. in case of uncoupling of or overrunning by trailer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/24Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being gaseous
    • B60T13/26Compressed-air systems
    • B60T13/261Compressed-air systems systems with both indirect application and application by springs or weights and released by compressed air
    • B60T13/265Compressed-air systems systems with both indirect application and application by springs or weights and released by compressed air dependent systems, e.g. trailer systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/24Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being gaseous
    • B60T13/26Compressed-air systems
    • B60T13/38Brakes applied by springs or weights and released by compressed air
    • B60T13/385Control arrangements therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/662Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems characterised by specified functions of the control system components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/68Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
    • B60T13/683Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves in pneumatic systems or parts thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T15/00Construction arrangement, or operation of valves incorporated in power brake systems and not covered by groups B60T11/00 or B60T13/00
    • B60T15/02Application and release valves
    • B60T15/025Electrically controlled valves
    • B60T15/027Electrically controlled valves in pneumatic systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T17/00Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
    • B60T17/18Safety devices; Monitoring
    • B60T17/22Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2240/00Monitoring, detecting wheel/tire behaviour; counteracting thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2270/00Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
    • B60T2270/40Failsafe aspects of brake control systems
    • B60T2270/402Back-up
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2270/00Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
    • B60T2270/40Failsafe aspects of brake control systems
    • B60T2270/403Brake circuit failure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2270/00Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
    • B60T2270/40Failsafe aspects of brake control systems
    • B60T2270/413Plausibility monitoring, cross check, redundancy
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2270/00Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
    • B60T2270/40Failsafe aspects of brake control systems
    • B60T2270/414Power supply failure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/17Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
    • B60T8/1701Braking or traction control means specially adapted for particular types of vehicles
    • B60T8/1708Braking or traction control means specially adapted for particular types of vehicles for lorries or tractor-trailer combinations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/88Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means
    • B60T8/885Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means using electrical circuitry
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/88Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means
    • B60T8/92Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means automatically taking corrective action
    • B60T8/94Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means automatically taking corrective action on a fluid pressure regulator

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
  • Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)
  • Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于拖车的包括第一和第二气动回路的制动系统,该第一和第二气动回路用于向拖车的车轮端供应气压,供应到车轮端处的制动装置的气压借助于第一制动ECU 7是可控制的。第一和第二压力控制阀41、42控制从气动回路到相应的车轮端的压力。所述系统还包括适于电动地控制压力控制阀的致动的第二ECU 17。

Description

拖车制动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制动系统、特别是用于诸如三轴半挂车或全挂车的拖曳车辆的制动系统。
背景技术
汽车技术越来越多地利用数字化,发展的主要方向之一是自主或高度自动化的汽车领域,其中目前由驾驶员执行的功能将被车辆上的自动化系统取代。这种自动化通常需要集成附加功能传感器以及电气和电子子系统。随着车辆更加完全自动化,对道路事故的普遍接受度或至少容忍度由于机器或电子错误不像驾驶员错误的一般问题那样被接受而显著下降。
运营商面临的另一个问题是,即使总运营成本降低,拖车作为资本品也会变得更加昂贵,因此业主将面临增加拖车可用性的压力。因此,与已知的拖车相比,应该提高安全水平并确保关键功能的可用性和性能并降低错误率。
拖车安全系统的问题通常可分为气动问题或错误和电气问题或错误。气动问题的示例包括:供给源断开或断裂,这将导致触发紧急制动;控制管线断裂,导致挂车控制模块触发紧急制动;拖车上的主储存器破裂导致供应管线减压,如果泄漏足够大,将导致紧急制动器被触发,最终阀门或类似装置失效,这将导致典型的两个制动通道之一无法维持预期的制动压力,进而导致制动力不对称和潜在的车辆不稳定。
电气故障模式的示例包括电源故障、例如由于电缆断开或ECU故障的电源故障。在任何一种情况下,电子制动系统操作都将失效,ABS和RSP功能丧失,制动响应时间增加。
在自动驾驶用例中,上述任何单一故障都会迫使车辆不受控制地立即停车(可能导致事故)、严重减速和/或在高速公路上停车或失去法律要求的制动功能(ABS、RSP)以及需要紧急制动致动或在非最佳条件下制动的车辆的潜在危险状况。
GB2557424公开了一种已知的制动系统,其中用于拖车的商用车辆电子制动和通信系统具有将系统连接到原动机的连接器。所述连接器包括带有符合IS07638标准的第一数据总线连接的电子控制模块,该连接承载制动相关的数据信号并且制动压力控制装置附接到该连接。所述连接器还包括符合ISO12098标准的第二数据总线连接,该连接承载与非制动功能相关的数据、例如照明、摄像头、物体检测(雷达、激光雷达、超声波)的数据。拖车制动和通信系统可以作为组合制动、制动和底盘控制、照明和自动驾驶控制器。
在GB2505948中公开了另一种已知的拖车制动系统。
发明内容
本发明旨在提高车辆制动系统在故障情况下的性能。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了一种根据权利要求1的特征的拖车制动系统。
本发明的优选方面可以在从属权利要求中找到。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了一种根据权利要求12的特征的操作拖车上的制动器的方法。
本发明提供了增加的安全水平并改进了关键功能的可用性和性能。在优选实施例中,设置的与现有制动系统串联的压力控制阀提供了冗余稳定性功能,这也可以在发生故障时保护制动系统的部件。在另一优选实施例中,选择阀可以有利地在故障情况下分配可用的制动压力。优选地,系统使用两个制动系统ECU来提供冗余电源和通信管理。
在第二方面,本发明有利地使用拖曳车辆中的拖车控制模块作为冗余制动压力发生器。
附图说明
现在将更详细地描述本发明的示例性实施例,其中用相同的数字描述相同或相似的部件,其中:
图1示出了具有冗余的拖车制动系统的第一实施例;
图2示出了拖车制动系统的第二实施例;
图3示出了拖车制动系统的第三实施例;
图4示出了拖车制动系统的第四实施例;
图5示出了拖车制动系统的第五实施例;
图6示出了拖车制动系统的第六实施例;
图7示出了拖车制动系统的第七实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一种冗余拖车制动系统的框图,该系统包括用于行车制动的第一气动连接1(红线),其连接至选择阀2,该选择阀2在使用中控制气流进入彼此并联布置的第一和第二储存器3、4,并且还将气流输出到选择阀5。选择阀5从第一和第二储存器3、4的相应输出端接收另外的气动输入,并且具有到主拖车制动模块6的输出。选择阀5适于抑制拖车制动模块6中的紧急功能的激活,使得拖车制动模块在压力损失的情况下可以继续工作。
拖车制动系统还包括用于控制的第二气动连接8(黄线),其连接至主拖车制动模块6。第一和第二电连接9、10向主电子控制单元(ECU)7供电。该系统还设置有连接到主ECU7的用于拖曳车辆的第一和第二通信总线连接50、51。应当理解,第一电连接9和第一通信总线50可以组合在例如IS07638的单个电连接器中,第二电连接10和第二通信总线51可以组合在例如IS012098的单个电连接器中。主ECU 7提供第一和第二电连接9、10的电源管理,并提供两个本地拖车电源回路13、14,其中,回路-1 13向第二制动控制模块52供电,回路-214向主制动控制模块6供电。主ECU 7附加地提供第一和第二本地通信回路15、16并且是本地总线与第一和第二通信总线之间的网关。
ECU 7可操作地连接到选择器5以提供必要的控制信号。
主拖车制动模块6从第一和第二储存器接收第一和第二气动输入,该第一和第二气动输入连接到相应的继动阀18、19和相应的2/2电磁负载阀20、21。所述气动连接中的每一个分别设置有与ECU 17电连接的相应的压力换能器22、23。控制管线向继动紧急防混阀30提供相应的另外的气动输入,继动紧急防混阀30还连接至气动地位于两个继动阀18、19之间的换向阀31。在控制管线输入端上设置有另一个换能器32,该换能器连接到主ECU 17。
在两个制动通道中的每一个上分别设置有相应的另外两个2/2电磁备用阀24、25,并且每个备用阀分别连接到相应的负载阀20、21和排气阀26、27,所述排气阀连接到管道以排气。电磁阀控制两个继动阀18、19,其输出被供应到端口21、22以向拖车制动器提供压力。相应的换能器28、29设置在从继动阀到制动通道的气动通路中,其中换能器电信号连接到ECU 17。备用阀、负载阀和排气阀中的每一个都被ECU 17通过相应的电连接控制。
在图示的实施例中,拖车设置有三个轴,在每个车轮端具有相应的制动器33-38。轴2和轴3(两个后轴)分别设置有弹簧制动器,所述弹簧制动器与继动紧急防混阀30的输出端气动连接,使得弹簧制动器可被独立控制。车轮速度传感器与每个车轮端相关联,用于轴1的车轮速度传感器的输出传递到主ECU 7,用于轴2和轴3的车轮速度传感器的输出传递到主拖车制动模块ECU 17。
经由用于前轴的第一压力控制阀组件41、42和用于两个后轴的每一侧的第二压力控制阀组件43、44来控制供应到车轮端的气流。这些压力控制阀组件中的每一个都是两个2/2电磁阀的组合,所述两个2/2电磁阀中的一个是常开的,另一个是常闭的(连接到排气口)。压力控制阀组件经由主ECU 7进行电控制。
图2示出了与图1类似的布置结构,但每个车轮端具有一个压力控制阀组件41-46。
在图1和2的实施例中,与将TBM输出通道映射到车辆车轮的已知传统系统相比,拖车制动模块连接到左侧的两个车轮和右侧的一个车轮,反之亦然。压力控制阀和拖车制动模块(TBM)的协调控制允许对车辆制动器进行侧向控制。如果出现上述任何单独故障,后果和响应策略总结如下:
Figure BDA0003336157610000041
Figure BDA0003336157610000051
图3示出了具有选择阀40的另一替代实施例,其中,相同或相似的部件被如在图1和图2中一样标记。
拖车制动模块的气动输出供给到选择阀40。选择阀经由相应的压力控制阀组件41-46控制供应到车轮端的气流。这些压力控制阀组件中的每一个都是两个2/2电磁阀的组合,所述两个2/2电磁阀中的一个是常开的,另一个是常闭的(连接到排气口)。压力控制阀组件和选择阀40经由主ECU 7进行电控制。
选择阀40是一组两个或三个3/2阀,其可以为两个不同的输出通道从可用的两个源中选择一个源。第一变体有两个3/2阀,拖车制动模块的行车制动输出连接到选择阀的四个输入端口。该四个输入端口连接到两个3/2阀,从而一个阀作为第一制动回路的输入,另一个阀作为第二制动回路的输入。3/2阀的输出连接到选择阀的输出端。第二变体具有第一变体的功能,还有第三个3/2阀为两个电源回路提供相同类型的选择功能。
从上面可以看出,在主储存器破裂/TBM气动故障的情况下,制动系统的功能劣化最大。选择阀的引入旨在提高这种情况下的性能。
选择阀和带有它的车辆系统在图3中示出。通过选择阀,TBM的输出可以映射到任一制动回路。表1中的响应策略仍然有效,但有一个例外情况如下所述:
Figure BDA0003336157610000061
图4示出了具有选择阀40和第二压力调节器的另一实施例。在这种情况下,拖车制动模块的气动输出也供给到选择阀40,该选择阀同样接收来自第一和第二储存器中的每一个储存器的输入。选择阀经由相应的压力控制阀组件41-46控制供应到车轮端的气流。这些压力控制阀组件中的每一个都是两个2/2电磁阀的组合,所述两个2/2电磁阀中的一个是常开的,另一个是常闭的(连接到排气口)。压力控制阀组件经由主ECU 7进行电控制。
选择阀40是一组两个或三个3/2阀,其可以为两个不同的输出通道从可用的两个源中选择一个源。第一变体有两个3/2阀,拖车制动模块的行车制动输出连接到选择阀的四个输入端口。该四个输入端口连接到两个3/2阀,从而一个阀作为第一制动回路的输入,另一个阀作为第二制动回路的输入。3/2阀的输出连接到选择阀的输出端。第二变体具有第一变体的功能,还有第三个3/2阀为两个电源回路提供相同类型的选择功能。
第二制动模块52是单通道电动气动模块,包括3/2电磁阀装置48和继动阀49,继动阀49经由选择阀40接收来自红线连接的输入并将输出提供回选择阀40。这使得第二制动模块能够在发生故障时替换拖车制动模块6的通道之一。
图5的实施例示出了一个替代实施例,其中,选择阀40和第二压力调节器被集成到一个构件中,该构件具有由ECU 47而不是ECU 7提供的集成控制,这允许车轮速度传感器和压力控制阀能够连接至ECU 47并由其控制。这样可获得更简单的接口和线束。
选择阀的引入可以显著提高性能。但是,继动阀可能无法为多达六个车轮提供足够的压力以提供完全制动。这将导致更长的响应时间和更差的ABS性能。或者,继动阀需要过大的尺寸,这在技术上或商业上可能是不可行的。第二压力调节器的引入旨在进一步提高系统的性能。连同附加的压力调节器,选择阀还通过附加的3/2阀进行了扩展。这个附加的阀为第二压力调节器选择输入源,使得可以从回路1或2向第二压力调节器供电。
表1中的响应策略仍然有效,但有一个例外:
Figure BDA0003336157610000071
图6示出了一种替代的设计,其中,选择阀和第二压力调节器集成在一个具有集成控制的构件中。这允许车轮速度传感器和PCV连接到该ECU。其优点是更简单的接口和简化的线束。
图7示出了另一实施例,其中,图1至图6中的ECU 7的功能在具有集成控制的第二压力调节器47与主拖车制动模块6之间划分。这种分布式设计的优点是:与使用ECU 12的方法相比,一个ECU可以被去除。
在该实施例中,所有冗余管理功能都分配给主TBM。在这种情况下,冗余TBM由两个电路或由电池缓冲的电路供电。这样,TBM的功能在发生电源故障时得到保护。只有到拖曳车辆的通信总线B连接到冗余TBM。这种设计允许以上概述的所有冗余策略。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于具有多个轴的拖车车辆的制动系统,每个轴在车辆的相应侧具有车轮端,所述制动系统包括用于向位于车轮端的制动装置供应气压的第一和第二气动回路,供应到车轮端的气压借助于第一制动ECU是可控制的,
其特征在于,
所述制动系统还包括在车辆的每一侧的第一和第二压力控制阀,这些压力控制阀控制从所述气动回路到相应的车轮端的压力,所述制动系统还包括适于电动控制所述压力控制阀的致动的第二ECU。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制动系统,其中,在拖车的第一轴和第二轴的车轮端分别设置有弹簧制动器,所述弹簧制动器与继动紧急防混阀的输出端气动连接,使得所述弹簧制动器能够独立于行车制动进行控制。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制动系统,其中,经由用于前轴的每个车轮端的第一压力控制阀组件和用于后轴的每侧车轮端的第二压力控制阀组件来控制供应到车轮端的气流。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制动系统,其中,每个压力控制阀组件是两个2/2电磁阀的组合,当不存在故障时,在行车制动期间所述两个2/2电磁阀的组合中的一个打开而另一个关闭。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的制动系统,其中,每个压力控制阀组件经由所述第二ECU电控制。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的制动系统,其中,拖车制动模块的气动输出供给到选择阀,所述选择阀通过相应的压力控制阀组件控制供应到车轮端的气流。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制动系统,其中,所述选择阀包括两个或三个3/2阀,对于两个不同的输出通道,所述两个或三个3/2阀从可用的两个压力源中选择一个相应的压力源以提供压力。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的制动系统,其中,所述制动系统还包括第二制动模块,所述第二制动模块是包括3/2电磁阀装置和继动阀的单通道电动气动模块。
9.根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的制动系统,其中,所述选择阀和第二压力调节器被集成为具有由另一ECU提供的集成控制的一个构件。
10.根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的制动系统,其中,所述选择阀和第二压力调节器集成在具有集成控制的一个构件中,从而允许车轮速度传感器和所述压力控制阀连接到提供集成控制的ECU。
11.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的制动系统,其中,所述制动系统在每个车轮端具有一个压力控制阀组件。
12.一种控制连接到拖曳车辆的拖车上的制动器的方法,其中,拖车设置有在使用中具有与拖曳车辆电连接和气动连接的电动气动制动模块,所述电动气动制动模块控制气流进入和离开拖车的车轮端,其中,所述电动气动制动模块将指示制动需求的电信号传递给拖曳车辆,拖曳车辆上的制动系统向拖车供应气压以致动拖车制动器。
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