CN113890559B - Two architectures of multi-mode reconfigurable ultra-wideband integrated transceiver and transmitter - Google Patents
Two architectures of multi-mode reconfigurable ultra-wideband integrated transceiver and transmitter Download PDFInfo
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- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-mode reconfigurable ultra-wideband integrated transceiver for realizing time difference ranging, frequency difference ranging, phase difference ranging and wireless communication based on a sub-module integrated technology, and provides two realizable innovative transmitter architectures. The multiplexing degree of the integrated transceiver exceeds 90%, the resolution is higher than that of the existing transceiver, and the impasse that the resolution of the traditional transceiver is low is broken. The purpose is to realize the functions of two chips of communication and radar by the area and power consumption of one chip through the common-framework integrated design of the submodules. The two innovative transmitter structures replace relaxation oscillators with simple digital modules, so that the power consumption is greatly reduced, and the reusability is high. The low-power-consumption design based on current multiplexing enables the invention to be applied to ultra-low power-consumption scenes, innovatively breaks through the advantage of low resolution of the traditional transceiver, and enables the invention to be applied to high-resolution scenes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides a multi-mode reconfigurable ultra-wideband integrated transceiver for realizing time difference ranging, frequency difference ranging, phase difference ranging and wireless communication based on a sub-module integrated technology, provides two transmitter architectures which can be realized, has the advantages of low cost and low power consumption, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication technology and radar ranging.
Background
In recent years, the ultra-wideband frequency modulation technology is widely applied in the medical field at home and abroad, the combination of medical treatment and communication is becoming more compact, and people begin to look to wireless body area networks and wireless personal networks. Wireless communication transceivers are required for systems such as wireless body area networks and wireless personal networks, and they are required to have the characteristics of low power consumption, short distance and low cost, without requiring data rate. And non-contact heart rate/respiration measurement and other electronic systems need a radar ranging transceiver with high resolution, good penetrability and low radiation. Compared with the common narrow-band technology such as Bluetooth, the ultra-wideband technology can realize lower power consumption and achieve higher ranging resolution by using a simpler transceiver architecture.
The narrow band technology is far inferior to the ultra-wideband in ranging resolution; from the perspective of transceiver architecture, power consumption and cost comparison, the ultra-wideband is superior to the narrowband; in terms of system integration, only ultra-wideband technology can realize radar ranging and wireless communication simultaneously. Therefore, only ultra-wideband technology can be used to develop integrated transceiver chips. Among the existing ultra-wideband schemes, the ultra-wideband frequency modulation scheme has many advantages (no need of radio frequency synchronization, simple transceiving architecture, greatly reduced complexity of the transceiving architecture, relaxed phase noise and antenna requirement, etc.), making it a popular short-distance, low-power consumption, and low-cost technology. Considering the low power consumption, low cost and low radiation characteristics required by the human body special environment, the ultra-wideband frequency modulation technology is preferably used for constructing the communication and radar integrated transceiver, which is the technical background of the invention, and the human body environment is particularly preferred to the ultra-wideband frequency modulation wireless communication and frequency modulation continuous wave radar ranging integrated transceiver.
Disclosure of Invention
Both the ultra-wideband frequency modulated wireless communication transceiver and the frequency modulated continuous wave radar transceiver obtain ultra-wideband signals based on a radio frequency modulation technology. An ultra-wideband frequency modulated wireless communication transceiver is discussed. The transmitter adopts a dual-frequency modulation technology: simulating 2-frequency shift keying modulation and radio frequency modulation; the baseband data 0 and 1 are converted into the frequency f by analog 2-frequency shift keying modulation 1 And f 2 The process is called 2-frequency shift keying triangular wave (subcarrier) generation; then the analog triangular wave is sent to a voltage control end of a radio frequency voltage-controlled oscillator, and under the control of amplitude-frequency conversion gain of the voltage-controlled oscillator, radio frequency modulation is carried out to obtain an ultra-wideband signal, and the process is called radio frequency modulation; in order to correct the center frequency of the voltage controlled oscillator, a center frequency correction circuit is introduced. The receiver uses a dual frequency demodulation technique: broadband radio frequency modulation demodulation and frequency shift keying demodulation; the ultra-wideband signal passes through a wideband radio frequency discriminator (slope frequency discrimination or phase frequency discrimination) to recover the information of the analog frequency shift keying triangular wave, and the frequency f of the demodulated analog signal 1 Represents baseband data 0, and f 2 Representing baseband data 1, the process is called broadband frequency modulation demodulation, and radio frequency carriers are not needed, and carrier synchronization is not needed; a subsequent frequency shift keying demodulator reconstructs the digital baseband 0 and 1 data from the recovered analog intermediate frequency shift keying triangle wave.
Frequency modulated continuous wave radar transceivers are discussed. The transmitter adopts the ultra wide band radio frequency modulation technology: under the control of the amplitude-frequency conversion gain of the voltage-controlled oscillator, or by controlling the fractional frequency division ratio of the fractional frequency division phase-locked loop, the ultra-wideband signal of which the instantaneous frequency linearly changes along with the amplitude of the triangular wave with the fixed frequency is obtained. The ranging principle of the frequency modulation continuous wave receiver is based on a radio frequency difference technology: the down mixer makes the instantaneous frequency of the local oscillator (transmitting end) frequency modulation continuous wave signal and the receiving end ultra-wideband signal (namely the transmitting end ultra-wideband signal after space transmission delay) as difference frequency, and the difference frequency is directly proportional to the space transmission time (ranging distance); the subsequent processing, such as analog filter, analog-to-digital converter, fourier transform, etc., is to extract the difference frequency and convert it into distance data.
The structure of the existing ultra-wideband frequency modulation wireless communication and frequency modulation continuous wave radar ranging integrated transceiver is shown in fig. 1. The wireless communication part of the system is based on phase frequency discrimination (time delay multiplication structure), so that the receiver is complex to realize and high in power consumption; the radar part of the system is based on a radio frequency difference ranging mode, the ranging resolution is limited by radio frequency bandwidth and meets the formula c/2BW, wherein c is the speed of light, and BW is the radio frequency bandwidth; that is, in order to obtain a centimeter-level ranging resolution, the radio frequency bandwidth is at least 5GHz, which undoubtedly presents a great challenge to the low-power, low-cost implementation of radar transceivers.
The invention aims to realize the common-structure integrated design of the ultra-wideband frequency modulation transceiver and the frequency modulation continuous wave radar, so that the transceiver system has the functions of time difference ranging, frequency difference ranging, phase difference ranging and wireless communication, and breaks the victory that the ranging resolution of the transceiver with the traditional structure is limited by the radio frequency bandwidth. Under the same bandwidth of 500MHz, the traditional transceiver reaches the resolution of decimeter level, while the integrated transceiver designed by the invention realizes the resolution of millimeter level, and adopts a method of realizing multi-module integration while achieving high resolution, thereby greatly reducing power consumption and cost, achieving the multiplexing degree of more than 90 percent, and realizing the functions of time difference ranging, frequency difference ranging, phase difference ranging and wireless communication.
The architecture of an integrated transceiver designed by the present invention is shown in fig. 2. The ultra-wideband frequency modulation transceiver provided by the invention comprises a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter comprises modules such as a relaxation oscillator, a three-level annular voltage-controlled oscillator, a single-stage push-pull power amplifier, a successive approximation type frequency automatic correction and the like; the receiver comprises modules such as a low noise amplifier, a band-pass filter, an envelope detector and the like. The low-noise amplifier and the band-pass filter in the receiver realize a common architecture design based on a radio frequency current multiplexing method, and the power consumption and the design cost of a circuit are greatly reduced.
The transmitter adopts a method of frequency modulation of a radio frequency voltage controlled oscillator and center frequency correction of an ultra wide band; the receiver introduces differential slope frequency discrimination and is based on an intermediate frequency time difference ranging mechanism; therefore, the high compatibility of communication and radar is facilitated, the design complexity and the system power consumption are greatly reduced, and the ranging resolution is improved. First, the if time difference ranging mechanism converts the time delay between the receiving and transmitting of the rf ultra-wideband signal into the time delay between the receiving and transmitting of the if subcarrier signal, as shown in fig. 3, the ranging resolution is not limited by the rf bandwidth, but only by the processing accuracy of the time-to-digital converter itself, so that the resolution of millimeter level can be realized. And secondly, the radio frequency discriminator is converted into a differential slope frequency discrimination structure from a time delay multiplication or regeneration structure, so that the power consumption and the cost of a receiver are reduced, and the frequency discrimination linearity is improved.
The controlled-slew-rate relaxation oscillator generates an analog triangular wave signal with 2-frequency shift keying frequency or fixed frequency and a local oscillator intermediate frequency signal of a receiver; the low-cost and low-power consumption dual-channel annular voltage-controlled oscillator realizes radio frequency modulation; the successive approximation type automatic frequency correction loop single-pole multi-throw type working intermittently corrects the central oscillation frequency of the triangular wave generator and the annular voltage-controlled oscillator simultaneously. The slope frequency discriminator based on the differential band-pass filter and the envelope detection realizes the demodulation of the ultra-wideband signal and recovers the intermediate frequency triangular wave information; a subsequent digital frequency shift keying demodulator based on energy detection recovers the transmitted baseband data or a subsequent time-to-digital converter based on intermediate frequency delay sampling decisions produces multi-bit distance data. In order to be compatible with three ranging modes of time difference, frequency difference and phase difference, a mixer is additionally added, and an off-chip Fourier transform processing module is matched to construct a frequency difference ranging mode; then, two-channel frequency difference ranging can be carried out, and a phase difference ranging mode is formed by means of a time-to-digital converter type phase discriminator.
By comparing the structures of the ultra-wideband frequency modulation wireless communication transceiver, the intermediate frequency time difference frequency modulation continuous wave radar transceiver and the radio frequency difference frequency modulation continuous wave radar transceiver, the following can be found easily: the radio frequency heavy current module (including power amplifier, low noise amplifier, radio frequency discriminator, ring voltage controlled oscillator), frequency correction loop, and middle and low frequency module (including intermediate frequency amplifier, subtracter, band gap reference source, crystal oscillator, serial peripheral interface controller, etc.) can be reused completely; even if the intermediate frequency analog triangular wave generator can be multiplexed (2-frequency shift keying frequency modulation is different from fixed frequency); except for low power consumption and low cost passive mixers, only digital frequency shift keying demodulators, time-to-digital converters and fourier transforms need to be switched in parallel or cannot be multiplexed. Therefore, the proposed ultra-wideband frequency modulation wireless communication transceiver and the multi-mode frequency modulation continuous wave radar transceiver have the multiplexing degree of more than 90% in structure and circuit realization; the design of common structure integration can be carried out, and the area and the power consumption of one chip are used for realizing the functions of two chips of communication and radar.
Based on the ranging mechanism of the intermediate frequency time difference, the system gets rid of the dilemma that the ultra-wideband of the impulse radio and the traditional frequency modulation continuous wave transceiver are limited by the wide radio frequency band, and also gets rid of the defect that the existing high-precision (or phase difference type) frequency modulation continuous wave radar cannot realize the linear phase tracking in a wider range and the low power consumption performance, and is only limited by the precision of the time-to-digital converter, and the optimal design of the single intermediate frequency digital time-to-digital converter can be simpler and more than the bandwidth expansion and the power consumption optimal design of a plurality of radio frequency heavy current modules; under the same bandwidth of 500MHz, the traditional or existing type can achieve the resolution of decimeter level and the power consumption of 10mW, while the proposed type can achieve the resolution of millimeter level and the power consumption of 2mW, the resolution is improved by two orders of magnitude, and the power consumption and the cost are reduced by 5 times.
The integrated transceiver designed by the invention can realize time difference ranging and frequency difference ranging, and can realize the function of phase difference ranging by using two or more groups of integrated transceiver structures, and a phase difference ranging mode can be formed by two-channel frequency difference ranging and a time-to-digital converter type phase discriminator. Therefore, the integrated transceiver designed by the invention realizes millimeter-scale resolution, and adopts a method of realizing multi-module integration while achieving high resolution, thereby greatly reducing power consumption and cost and achieving the multiplexing degree of more than 90%. Fig. 4 is a timing diagram of the multi-mode high-reusability reconfigurable ultra-wideband integrated transceiver according to the present invention operating in a wireless communication mode, where the transmitted data changes between 0 and 1, the frequency of the output signal of the relaxation oscillator changes, and the recovered data after demodulation by the receiver is the same as the transmitted data after a delay. Fig. 5 is a timing diagram of the multi-mode high-reusability reconfigurable ultra-wideband integrated transceiver according to the present invention operating in a ranging mode. A time delay exists between the transmitted signal and the received signal, the time delay is the propagation time delta t of the signal from the transmission to the reception in the space, and the time information can be converted into distance information through a time-to-digital converter, so that the time difference ranging function can be realized. The ultra-wideband signal transmitted by the transmitter and the ultra-wideband signal received by the receiver are sent to the frequency mixer to obtain the frequency difference, and then the frequency difference ranging function is realized through off-chip Fourier transform. By using two or more sets of integrated transceiver structures, a phase difference ranging mode can also be formed by two-channel frequency difference ranging with the help of a time-to-digital converter type phase discriminator.
The present invention further provides a transmitter architecture, as shown in fig. 6. The transmitter includes two modes, respectively: mode "1" correction and mode "2" operation. In the calibration mode, 25 (6b' 011001) is input to the digital control oscillator to control the output frequency F of the digital control oscillator VCO Is a sine wave signal of about 4GHz (the output signal fluctuates about 4GHz, and a subsequent correction module is needed to stabilize the output signal to 4 GHz), and at this time, N is 1 /N 2 Frequency divider (N) 1 Is 36; n is a radical of 2 40) operating in a frequency division mode of 40, dividing a sine wave signal of about 4GHz into a square wave signal of about 100MHz by a frequency divider of 40, inputting the square wave signal of about 100MHz into a frequency discriminator based on a digital counter as a high-frequency input clock of the discriminator, F REF (1 MHz) as a frequency discriminatorThe high frequency clock is counted in a low frequency clock, and if the output frequency of the digital control type oscillator is a sine wave signal of less than 4GHz, F is REF (1 MHz) the counting result of the square wave with the frequency less than 100MHz is less than 100 (F) VCO /F REF = 100), if the numerically controlled oscillator outputs a sine wave signal having a frequency of more than 4GHz, F REF (1 MHz) the counting result of the square wave with the frequency of more than 100MHz is more than 100 (F) VCO /F REF = 100). Since the counter outputs the equivalent result of about 100, and due to the influence of temperature, process and power supply voltage, the frequency of the oscillator fluctuates by 20% -30%, F VCO /F REF The result is a fluctuation of 20-30% on a 100 basis, and the counter needs to be set aside for a certain margin to achieve frequency discrimination even in case of fluctuation, so that an 8-bit counter is needed. The UP/DN signal is controlled by the frequency discriminator which compares the output result of the 8-bit counter with the built-in 100 of the frequency discriminator, and the 6-bit output of the digital successive approximation register is further controlled, so that the aim of correcting the frequency of the digital controlled oscillator to be stabilized at 4GHz is achieved. The operating modes of the integrated transceiver are in turn divided into radar and communication operating modes according to the specific functions that it is intended to implement. In the radar working mode, the 6-bit digital bidirectional counter is increased from 0 to 50 and then decreased from 50 to 0, the trapezoidal wave generator generates a 6-bit output, which is equivalent to a trapezoidal wave form with a frequency of 1MHz (100 MHz/1MHz =100, 100/2=50, so in order to generate a trapezoidal wave with a frequency of 1MHz, a 6-bit counter is needed), and N is at this time 1 /N 2 Frequency divider (N) 1 Is 36; n is a radical of 2 40) is operated in a frequency division 40 mode, and the output signal of the oscillator with the center frequency of 4GHz is divided into clock signals with the frequency jittering around 100MHz to control a trapezoidal wave generator based on a digital two-way counter. The 6-bit output of the trapezoidal wave generator controls the oscillator to generate a sine wave with a center frequency of 4GHz and a frequency varying between 3.75GHz and 4.25GHz (the frequency of the sine wave signal is kept constant by the fixed frequency of the trapezoidal wave generator). Output signal pass of a digitally controlled oscillatorThe push-pull type power amplifier is transmitted out through the antenna, the ranging function is finally realized through a series of subsequent processing, and the multi-mode functions of time difference ranging, frequency difference ranging and phase difference ranging can be realized. In the communication working mode, when the transmission data is 0, N 1 /N 2 Frequency divider (N) 1 Is 36; n is a radical of hydrogen 2 40) is operated in a frequency division 40 mode, and the output signal of the oscillator with the center frequency of 4GHz is divided into clock signals with the frequency jittering around 100MHz to control a trapezoidal wave generator based on a digital two-way counter. The 6-bit digital bidirectional counter is increased from 0 to 50 and decreased from 50 to 0, the trapezoidal wave generator generates a 6-bit output, and the output is equivalent to a trapezoidal wave form with the frequency of 1 MHz; when the transmission data is 1, N 1 /N 2 Frequency divider (N) 1 Is 36; n is a radical of hydrogen 2 40) operating in a divide-by-36 mode, the digital up-down counter based trapezoidal wave generator is controlled by dividing the oscillator output signal with a center frequency of 4GHz into clock signals with a frequency jittering around 110 MHz. The 6-bit digital up-down counter is self-increased from 0 to 50 and self-decreased from 50 to 0, and the trapezoidal wave generator generates a 6-bit output, which is equivalent to a trapezoidal wave form with the frequency of 1.1 MHz. In summary, in the communication operation mode, the trapezoidal wave generator based on the digital bidirectional counter generates a 6-bit output, which is equivalent to a trapezoidal wave form with a frequency switching back and forth between 1MHz and 1.1MHz, and the 6-bit output of the trapezoidal wave generator controls the oscillator to generate a sine wave with a center frequency of 4GHz and a frequency varying between 3.75GHz and 4.25GHz (the frequency of the sine wave signal varies under the influence of the variation frequency of the trapezoidal wave generator). Finally, the output signal of the digital control oscillator is transmitted out through a push-pull type power amplifier and an antenna, and then the output signal is received by a receiver to finally realize the communication function.
The invention discloses a multi-mode high-reusability reconfigurable ultra-wideband integrated transceiver, which not only provides a transmitter architecture, but also provides a highly-reusable transmitter architecture on the basis. Fig. 7 shows a highly multiplexed transmitter architecture. It is evident from fig. 6 that there are two digital counters which we can multiplex into the structure shown in fig. 7. An 8-bit one-way and two-way selectable digital counter is designed, and 8-bit one-way counting is selected to form a frequency discriminator in the mode of '1'; selecting 6-bit bidirectional count in mode "2" constitutes a trapezoidal wave generator. Therefore, the relaxation oscillator is saved, and the counter is multiplexed, so that the system architecture is further simplified, and the power consumption and the design cost of the circuit are reduced.
The digital modules used by the two transmitters are very simple digital modules, so that the design cost, the circuit power consumption and the architecture complexity are greatly reduced, and are not repeated herein. A detailed circuit description is given of the rf module (a digitally controlled oscillator and a single-stage push-pull type power amplifier).
Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of a digitally controlled oscillator in the proposed transmitter architecture. As shown in FIG. 8, transistor M 1 -M 6 The formed three-level inverter is used as the core of the oscillator, and the three-level cascade oscillator structure is favorable for generating larger oscillation frequency, smaller power consumption and better phase noise in consideration of the requirements of the ultra-wideband frequency modulation system on low power consumption, high radio frequency and low noise. Discrete controllable current (I) with total resonant current provided by binary switch current array M7 ) And a discrete controllable current (I) provided by a binary switched current array M10 ) Are formed together. The oscillation frequency of the digitally controlled oscillator is doubly tuned by the multi-bit correction data and the multi-bit modulation data at the same time, where C<5:0>Correcting the control word for 6 bits, T<5:0>The control word is modulated for 6 bits. In summary, the digitally controlled oscillator not only realizes rf frequency modulation, but also realizes center frequency correction through the binary-weighted switch current array and the successive approximation type frequency auto-calibration module. Wherein the successive approximation type frequency automatic calibration module corrects the control word C by 6 bits<5:0>The binary weighted current array output of the digital control oscillator is controlled, the output frequency of the oscillator is reversely adjusted, and the correction of the central frequency of the digital control oscillator is realized. In the process of correcting and working of the loop, the two modes of the correction mode '1' and the working mode '2' are cyclically alternated, namely the digital controlThe model oscillator corrects the center frequency in a short time, modulates the signal in a long time, and corrects the center frequency again, and this is repeated.
Correction current I of the digitally controlled oscillator core after the correction of the center frequency is completed M7 Then fix that the total oscillation current only depends on the modulation current I M10 And (4) changing. Matched current mirror (M) 7 、M 8 、M 9 、M 10 ) Design, and symmetrical charge and discharge capability of digitally controlled oscillator core (reasonable selection of M) 1 、M 3 、M 5 And M 2 、M 4 、M 6 The size ratio) ensures the tuning linearity of the numerically controlled oscillator.
The output of the digital control oscillator is sent to a frequency mixer at a receiving end as a radio frequency local oscillator on one hand, and is sent to a single-stage push-pull type power amplifier through an isolation inverter on the other hand. Fig. 9 is a circuit diagram of a single-stage push-pull type power amplifier in the proposed transmitter architecture. As shown in fig. 9, the output of the digitally controlled oscillator passes through a coupling capacitor C 1 、C 2 Input to push-pull tube M 1 、M 2 Of the transistor M 1 、M 2 The push-pull tubes jointly form a push-pull amplifier stage power amplifier, and the bias voltage is formed by a transistor M 3 、M 4 、M 6 、M 7 The low-voltage current mirror is formed. The low-voltage current mirror reduces the requirement for external current and can also provide higher bias voltage. The power amplifier is connected with two stages of matching networks in the rear, and the first stage of parasitic inductance capacitance L-shaped matching network (L) 1 And C 4 ) And a second stage off-chip tunable L-shaped matching network (L) 2 And C 5 ) And the broadband frequency-selective amplification is realized together. Wherein the inductance L 1 The inductor and the capacitor C are arranged on the chip binding line 4 The capacitor and inductor L carried by the chip bonding pad 2 Capacitor C 5 Capacitor C 3 Are off-chip inductors and capacitors.
The two transmitter architectures provided by the invention only use two radio frequency modules of a digital control type oscillator and a push-pull type power amplifier, and the others are digital modules with very simple structures and very low power consumption. The transmitter framework provided by the invention greatly saves the design cost and the circuit power consumption, reduces the complexity of the framework, and provides the framework for multiplexing the counter, thereby greatly improving the multiplexing degree of the whole framework. In subsequent optimization design, stacking a digital control type oscillator and a push-pull type power amplifier between a power supply and the ground by using a radio frequency current multiplexing technology can be considered, so that the power consumption is further reduced.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the existing transceiver architecture and transmitter architecture, the two architectures of the multi-mode reconfigurable ultra-wideband integrated transceiver and transmitter provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. the multi-mode high-reusability reconfigurable ultra-wideband integrated transceiver can greatly reduce power consumption. A plurality of modules including a low noise amplifier and a band-pass filter can realize common structure design through a radio frequency current multiplexing technology, and the design requirement of ultra-low power consumption is met;
2. the multi-mode high-reusability reconfigurable ultra-wideband integrated transceiver provides an intermediate frequency time difference ranging mechanism, compared with the existing radio frequency time difference and radio frequency difference mode, the ranging resolution is improved by 2 orders of magnitude, and compared with the existing radio frequency phase difference mode, the power consumption and the cost are obviously reduced;
3. the multi-mode high-reusability reconfigurable ultra-wideband integrated transceiver provided by the invention has multiple functions, can realize multi-mode use of time difference ranging, frequency difference ranging, phase difference ranging and wireless communication, and the reusability of the whole system architecture exceeds 90%;
4. the invention also provides two transmitter structures, one transmitter does not need to use a relaxation oscillator but uses a digital bidirectional counter to replace the relaxation oscillator, thereby greatly saving the power consumption and the design cost, the structure is very simple, the digital bidirectional counter can be multiplexed with the digital counter in a successive approximation type frequency automatic calibration module, and the invention also provides a highly multiplexed transmitter, thereby further saving the power consumption and the cost and greatly improving the multiplexing degree of a system architecture. The integration of the transmitter architecture into a transceiver can have all the above advantages: the multi-mode use of time difference ranging, frequency difference ranging, phase difference ranging and wireless communication is realized, the stiff of low resolution of the traditional transceiver is broken, and the transceiver has ultra-low power consumption and ultra-high multiplexing degree.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an existing ultra-wideband frequency modulated wireless communication and frequency modulated continuous wave radar ranging integrated transceiver architecture;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a multi-mode high-reusability reconfigurable ultra-wideband integrated transceiver according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the transceiver of the present invention using the if time difference ranging mechanism to convert the time delay between the receiving and transmitting of the rf ultra-wideband signal into the time delay between the receiving and transmitting of the if subcarrier signal, thereby breaking the problem that the ranging resolution of the conventional transceiver is limited by the rf bandwidth stiffness;
FIG. 4 is a timing diagram of a multi-mode, high-reuse, reconfigurable ultra-wideband integrated transceiver of the present invention operating in a wireless communication mode;
FIG. 5 is a timing diagram of a multimode, high-reusability, reconfigurable ultra-wideband integrated transceiver according to the present invention operating in a ranging mode;
fig. 6 is a transmitter architecture proposed based on a multi-mode high-reuse reconfigurable ultra-wideband integrated transceiver;
fig. 7 is a highly multiplexed transmitter architecture based on a multi-mode highly multiplexed reconfigurable ultra-wideband integrated transceiver;
fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of a digitally controlled oscillator in the proposed transmitter architecture;
fig. 9 is a circuit diagram of a single-stage push-pull type power amplifier in the transmitter architecture proposed by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail each module of the architecture of a multimode reconfigurable ultra-wideband integrated transceiver and transmitter proposed by the present invention with reference to the architecture diagram, the circuit diagram and the timing diagram, and further explains the working process of the radio frequency front end module of the transmitter.
The ultra-wideband frequency modulation transceiver provided by the invention comprises a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter comprises a relaxation oscillator, a three-level ring radio frequency oscillator, a single-stage push-pull type power amplifier, a successive approximation type frequency automatic correction module and the like; the receiver comprises a low noise amplifier, a band-pass filter, an envelope detector and the like. The low-noise amplifier and the band-pass filter in the receiver realize a common structure design based on a radio frequency current multiplexing method, and the power consumption and the design cost of a circuit are greatly reduced. The transmitter adopts a radio frequency voltage controlled oscillator frequency modulation and ultra wide band frequency band center frequency correction method; the receiver introduces differential slope frequency discrimination and is based on an intermediate frequency time difference ranging mechanism; therefore, the high compatibility of communication and radar is facilitated, the design complexity and the system power consumption are greatly reduced, and the ranging resolution is improved. Firstly, the intermediate frequency time difference ranging mechanism converts the time delay between the receiving and transmitting of the radio frequency ultra-wideband signals into the time delay between the receiving and transmitting of the intermediate frequency subcarrier signals, and the ranging resolution is not limited by the radio frequency bandwidth any more, but only by the processing precision of the time-to-digital converter, so that the millimeter-level resolution can be realized. And secondly, the radio frequency discriminator is converted into a differential slope frequency discrimination structure from a time delay multiplication or regeneration structure, so that the power consumption and the cost of a receiver are reduced, and the frequency discrimination linearity is improved.
The invention also provides a transmitter framework, which adopts a digital counter to replace a relaxation oscillator, thereby greatly reducing the power consumption. And the multi-mode functions of time difference ranging, frequency difference ranging, phase difference ranging and wireless communication can be realized by integrating the functions into transceiver architecture. On the basis, a highly multiplexed transmitter architecture is also proposed. An 8-bit single-direction and two-direction selectable digital counter is designed, and 8-bit one-direction counting is selected to form a frequency discriminator in the mode of 1; selecting 6-bit bidirectional count in mode "2" constitutes a trapezoidal wave generator. Therefore, the relaxation oscillator is saved, meanwhile, the counter is multiplexed, the system architecture is further simplified, and the power consumption and the design cost of the circuit are reduced.
The invention provides a technology based on radio frequency current multiplexingThe method for stacking the ultra-wideband radio frequency of the oscillator and the power amplifier is disclosed. Transistor M 1 -M 6 The formed three-level phase inverter is used as a core of the oscillator, and the three-level cascade oscillator structure is beneficial to generating larger oscillation frequency, smaller power consumption and better phase noise in consideration of the requirements of low power consumption, high radio frequency and low noise of the ultra-wideband frequency modulation system. The total resonant current is composed of the modulation current and the correction. The oscillation frequency of the oscillator is subjected to double tuning of the correction data and the modulation data at the same time, so that the oscillator realizes not only radio frequency modulation but also center frequency correction. The output of the oscillator is sent to a frequency mixer at a receiving end as a radio frequency local oscillator on one hand, and is sent to a single-stage push-pull type power amplifier through an isolation phase inverter on the other hand.
The setting of the operating mode of the radio frequency front end module of the transmitter specifically includes the following steps:
step A: the power supply and signal connection method specifically comprises the following substeps:
step A.1, setting the voltage of a direct-current power supply, setting the direct-current bias current and setting an input control word. As shown in fig. 8 and 9, first, the power supply voltage V and the bias current are set according to the process variation at the time of chip manufacturing, and the power supply voltage V is set at the standard case (process angle tt, temperature 27 °) DD Set to direct current 1.4V and bias current I B Set to direct current 5 muA. In the correction mode, the current control word C is switched<5:0>Controlling the correction current; in modulation mode, the current control word T is switched<5:0>Controlling the modulation current, at which time the control word C is corrected<5:0>Is in a latched state. The current flowing through the oscillator is determined by the modulation current and the correction current;
step a.2 impedance matching network setup. Wherein, the antenna A 1 The impedance is generally 50 omega, and the capacitance C in the invention 4 Set to 90fF, capacitance C 5 Set to 0.33pF, capacitance C 3 Set to 2.6pF, inductance L 1 Set as 2nH, inductance L 2 The setting was 2.6nH.
And B: each module starts to work normally, and the specific working process comprises the following substeps:
and B.1, operating the digital control type oscillator. The current flowing through the oscillator is determined by the modulation current and the correction current, and the change of the current can cause the delay change of the inverter, thereby determining the change of the frequency of the oscillator. In the correction mode, the control word T<5:0>Set to 25 (6b<5:0>Inputting the signal into a digital control type oscillator to control the output frequency F of the oscillator VCO The signal is a sine wave signal of about 4GHz (the output signal can fluctuate at about 4GHz, and a subsequent correction module is needed only for stabilizing the output signal at 4 GHz), and under the radar working mode, the 6-bit output of the trapezoidal wave generator controls the oscillator to generate a sine wave with the center frequency of 4GHz and the frequency varying between 3.75GHz and 4.25GHz (the frequency of the sine wave signal is kept unchanged under the influence of the fixed frequency of the trapezoidal wave generator); in a communication working mode, a 6-bit output control oscillator of a trapezoidal wave generator generates a sine wave with the center frequency of 4GHz and the frequency of 3.75GHz and 4.25GHz (the frequency of a sine wave signal changes under the influence of the change frequency of the trapezoidal wave generator);
and B.2, operating the single-stage push-pull type power amplifier. The output signal of the digital control type oscillator is input into a power amplifier, and the specific working mode of the power amplifier is as follows: in the first half period of the signal, the NMOS tube M 1 Is conducted at the moment when the PMOS tube M 2 Is a load tube. In the lower half period of the signal, the PMOS transistor M 2 Conducting at the moment of NMOS tube M 1 Is a load tube. L-shaped matching network (L) of first-stage parasitic inductance and capacitance connected in back 1 And C 4 ) And a second stage off-chip tunable L-shaped matching network (L) 2 And C 5 ) And the broadband frequency-selective amplification is realized together. And finally, the radio-frequency signal output by the power amplifier is transmitted through the antenna, and the radio-frequency modulation work of the transmitter is completed. The power amplifier can carry out power amplification on the output signal of the oscillator, which is beneficial to the propagation in the space of the signal and is beneficial to a receiver to better identify the signal.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended that the invention be limited to the embodiment and the drawings disclosed herein. It is intended that all equivalents and modifications which do not depart from the spirit of the invention disclosed herein are deemed to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1.A multimode reconfigurable ultra-wideband integrated transceiver, comprising a transmitter and a receiver, characterized in that: the transmitter comprises a data selector 1, a relaxation oscillator, a ring oscillator, a power amplifier and a frequency correction module; the receiver comprises a low noise amplifier, a band-pass filter, an envelope detector, a data selector 2, an intermediate frequency amplifier, a subtracter, a time delay-digital converter, a frequency mixer, a 2-frequency shift keying demodulator and an off-chip Fourier transform processing module;
the connection mode of each module of the ultra-wideband integrated transceiver is as follows:
the connection relationship of each module in the transmitter is as follows: the data selector 1 is connected with the relaxation oscillator, the relaxation oscillator is connected with the ring oscillator, the frequency correction module is simultaneously connected with the relaxation oscillator and the ring oscillator, the ring oscillator is connected with the power amplifier, and the power amplifier is connected with the antenna;
the connection relationship of each module in the receiver is as follows: the antenna is connected with a low noise amplifier, the low noise amplifier is connected with a band-pass filter and a mixer, the band-pass filter is connected with an envelope detector, the envelope detector and the mixer are connected with a data selector 2, the data selector 2 is connected with an intermediate frequency amplifier, the intermediate frequency amplifier is connected with a subtracter, and finally, the low noise amplifier is connected with a time delay-digital converter, a 2-frequency shift keying demodulator or an off-chip Fourier transform processing module according to the application scene of a transceiver; when the ultra-wideband integrated transceiver is used for wireless communication, the subtracter is connected with a 2-frequency shift keying demodulator; when the ultra-wideband integrated transceiver is used for time difference ranging, the subtracter is connected with a time delay-digital converter; when the ultra-wideband integrated transceiver is used for frequency difference ranging, a subtracter is connected with an off-chip Fourier transform processing module, and a mixer in the receiver is matched with the off-chip Fourier transform processing module to realize frequency difference ranging;
the working modes of the ultra-wideband integrated transceiver comprise a communication mode and a ranging mode;
the transmitter works as follows:
step 1: judging the working mode of the ultra-wideband integrated transceiver, and according to the different working modes, performing the following operations:
1.A if the said ultra wideband integrated transceiver is in communication mode, the data selector 1 in the transmitter selects to load the baseband data 0 and 1 on the triangular wave sequence, the baseband data 0 and 1 are converted into the frequency f respectively by the analog 2-frequency shift keying modulation 0 And f 1 The triangular wave sequence of (2), this process is called 2-frequency shift keying triangular wave generation;
1.B, if the ultra-wideband integrated transceiver is used as a frequency modulation continuous wave radar transceiver, generating a fixed frequency triangular wave sequence by a relaxation oscillator;
step 2: the modulated triangular wave sequence output in the step 1 is sent to a voltage control end of a ring oscillator, and under the control of amplitude-frequency conversion gain of the ring oscillator, radio frequency modulation is carried out to obtain an ultra wide band signal, and the process is called radio frequency modulation;
and step 3: the ultra-wideband signal output by the step 2 is transmitted out through the power amplifier and the antenna in the output impedance matching network;
a frequency correction circuit is introduced in the working process of the transmitter to correct the central frequencies of the relaxation oscillator and the ring oscillator;
the receiver works as follows:
step A: amplifying a signal received from an antenna through a low noise amplifier;
and B: and B, under different working modes, carrying out different processing on the signals amplified in the step A:
b.1 if the ultra-wideband integrated transceiver is in a communication mode, connecting a band-pass filter after low-noise amplification, extracting an envelope through an envelope detector, and then passing through an intermediate frequency amplifier and a subtracter to obtain a demodulated analog signal frequency f 0 Representing baseband data 0, frequency f 1 Representing baseband data 1, the process is called broadband frequency modulation demodulation, and then, digital baseband 0 and 1 data can be reconstructed from the recovered analog signals through a 2-frequency shift keying demodulator, so that the communication function is realized;
b.2, if the ultra-wideband integrated transceiver is in a ranging mode, the receiver ranging principle is based on a radio frequency difference technology: the mixer makes the difference frequency of the instantaneous frequency of the local oscillation signal of the transmitting terminal and the instantaneous frequency of the ultra-wideband signal of the receiving terminal, the difference frequency is just in direct proportion to the space transmission time or the distance measurement distance, and the difference frequency can be taken out and converted into distance data by matching with a subsequent off-chip Fourier transform processing module, so that the frequency difference distance measurement is realized;
b.3, if the ultra-wideband integrated transceiver is in a ranging mode, the receiver ranging principle is based on an intermediate frequency time difference ranging mechanism: through a band-pass filter and an envelope detector, a receiver reconstructs intermediate frequency subcarrier information of a receiving end, a time delay-digital converter is utilized to convert time delay between radio frequency ultra-wideband signals at the receiving end and the transmitting end into time delay between intermediate frequency subcarrier signals at the receiving end and the transmitting end, and space transmission time is in direct proportion to transmission distance, so that time difference ranging is realized;
the integrated transceiver can realize the functions of phase difference ranging by using two or more groups of integrated transceiver structures while realizing wireless communication, time difference ranging and frequency difference ranging.
2. A transmitter comprises a digital successive approximation register, a frequency discriminator based on a digital counter, a trapezoidal wave generator based on a digital bidirectional counter, a digital control type oscillator, a data selector, and an N 1 /N 2 A frequency divider and a push-pull type power amplifier; the connection mode and the working process are as follows:
the transmitter has two architectures, and the connection mode of each module of the first architecture in one of the two architectures of the transmitter is as follows: data selector and N 1 /N 2 Frequency dividers connected to, N 1 /N 2 The frequency divider is connected with the frequency discriminator based on the digital counter and the trapezoidal wave generator based on the digital bidirectional counter, the frequency discriminator based on the digital counter is connected with the digital successive approximation register, the digital successive approximation register and the trapezoidal wave generator based on the digital bidirectional counter are both connected with the digital control type oscillator, the digital control type oscillator is connected with the push-pull type power amplifier, and the push-pull type power amplifier is connected with the push-pull type oscillatorThe rear part of the type power amplifier is connected with an antenna;
the first of the two architectures of a transmitter has two modes of operation, mode "1" correction and mode "2" operation respectively; in the calibration mode, the numerically controlled oscillator outputs a sine wave signal with a frequency of 4GHz, where N is 1 /N 2 The frequency divider works in a frequency dividing mode of 40; dividing the 4GHz sine wave signal into 100MHz square wave signal by a 40-frequency divider, inputting the 100MHz square wave signal into a frequency discriminator based on a digital counter as a high-frequency input clock of the discriminator, and 1MHz F REF Counting the high frequency clock in a low frequency clock as the low frequency input clock of the frequency discriminator, and if the output frequency of the digital control type oscillator is less than 4GHz, F REF Counting square waves with frequency less than 100MHz to obtain a result less than 100, and if the output frequency of the digital control oscillator is greater than 4GHz, then F REF Counting square waves with the frequency of more than 100MHz to obtain a result of more than 100; due to the influence of temperature, process and power supply voltage, the frequency of the oscillator can generate 20% -30% of fluctuation, the frequency discrimination result can generate 20% -30% of fluctuation on the basis of 100, a certain margin needs to be reserved for the counter, so that the frequency discrimination effect can be achieved under the condition of fluctuation, an 8-bit counter is needed, the output result of the 8-bit counter is compared with 100 arranged in the frequency discriminator to control an UP/DN signal, the 6-bit output of a digital successive approximation register is further controlled, and the purpose of correcting the frequency of the digital control type oscillator to be stabilized at 4GHz is achieved;
in the operating mode, two architectures of a transmitter are integrated into a transceiver and are divided into a ranging operating mode and a communication operating mode according to the functions that the transceiver wants to realize:
in the working mode of distance measurement, the digital two-way counter of 6 bits increases from 0 to 50 and decreases from 50 to 0, the trapezoidal wave generator generates a 6-bit output, which is equivalent to a trapezoidal wave form with the frequency of 1MHz, and N is at the moment 1 /N 2 The frequency divider works in a frequency division mode of 40, and the frequency of an oscillator output signal with the center frequency of 4GHz is divided by 40 to obtain a clock signal with the frequency of 100MHz so as to control the frequency-based frequencyThe digital control type ultrasonic ranging device comprises a trapezoidal wave generator of a word bidirectional counter, wherein a 6-bit output control oscillator of the trapezoidal wave generator generates a sine wave with the center frequency of 4GHz and the instantaneous frequency of the sine wave is changed between 3.75GHz and 4.25GHz, an output signal of a digital control type oscillator is transmitted out through an antenna through a push-pull type power amplifier, a ranging function is finally realized through a series of processing of a subsequent receiver, and the digital control type ultrasonic ranging device can be combined with a multi-mode reconfigurable ultra-wideband integrated transceiver to realize the multi-mode functions of time difference ranging, frequency difference ranging and phase difference ranging;
in the communication working mode, when the transmission data is 0, N 1 /N 2 The frequency divider works in a frequency division mode of 40, an oscillator output signal with the center frequency of 4GHz is subjected to frequency division of 40 to obtain a clock signal with the frequency of 100MHz, a trapezoidal wave generator based on a digital bidirectional counter is controlled, the digital bidirectional counter with 6 bits is increased from 0 to 50 and reduced from 50 to 0, the trapezoidal wave generator generates 6-bit output, and the output is equivalent to a trapezoidal wave form with the frequency of 1 MHz; when the transmission data is 1, N 1 /N 2 The frequency divider works in a 36-frequency division mode, an oscillator output signal with the center frequency of 4GHz is subjected to 36-frequency division to obtain a clock signal with the frequency of 110MHz, a trapezoidal wave generator based on a digital bidirectional counter is controlled, a 6-bit digital bidirectional counter is increased from 0 to 50 and is reduced from 50 to 0, the trapezoidal wave generator generates 6-bit output, and the output is equivalent to a trapezoidal wave form with the frequency of 1.1 MHz; in summary, in the communication working mode, the trapezoidal wave generator based on the digital bidirectional counter generates a 6-bit output, which is equivalent to a trapezoidal wave form with frequency switching back and forth between 1MHz and 1.1MHz, the 6-bit output of the trapezoidal wave generator controls the oscillator to generate a sine wave with center frequency of 4GHz and instantaneous frequency varying between 3.75GHz and 4.25GHz, and finally the output signal of the digital control oscillator is transmitted through the push-pull type power amplifier and then through the antenna, and the subsequent receiver receives the signal to finally realize the communication function;
the second of the two architectures of a transmitter, namely the connection mode of each module of the multiplexing transmitter architecture, is as follows: data selector and N 1 /N 2 Frequency dividerTo each other, N 1 /N 2 The frequency divider is connected with the frequency discriminator/trapezoidal wave generator module based on the bidirectional counter, the frequency discriminator/trapezoidal wave generator module based on the bidirectional counter is connected with the digital successive approximation register and the digital control type oscillator, the digital successive approximation register is connected with the digital control type oscillator, and the digital control type oscillator is connected with the N-type oscillator 1 /N 2 The frequency divider is connected with a push-pull type power amplifier, and the rear part of the push-pull type power amplifier is connected with an antenna; the two transmitter architectures are known, and in the second architecture, the frequency discriminator and the counter of the trapezoidal wave generator can be multiplexed, so that the transmitter is called a multiplexing transmitter;
the second of two architectures of a transmitter designs an 8-bit single-double-direction selectable digital counter; when in the correction mode of 1, an 8-bit one-way counter is selected to form a frequency discriminator for correcting the center frequency; and in the working mode of 2, a 6-bit bidirectional counter is selected to form a trapezoidal wave generator to replace a traditional relaxation oscillator.
3. A multimode reconfigurable ultra-wideband integrated transceiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ring oscillator is a three-stage ring voltage controlled oscillator.
4. A transmitter according to claim 2, wherein: the counter of the frequency discriminator is multiplexed with the counter of the trapezoidal wave generator.
5. A transmitter according to claim 2, wherein: the power amplifier is of a single-stage push-pull type.
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