CN113885228A - Distributed all-fiber laser phased array system and phase control method thereof - Google Patents

Distributed all-fiber laser phased array system and phase control method thereof Download PDF

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CN113885228A
CN113885228A CN202111163656.1A CN202111163656A CN113885228A CN 113885228 A CN113885228 A CN 113885228A CN 202111163656 A CN202111163656 A CN 202111163656A CN 113885228 A CN113885228 A CN 113885228A
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laser
phase
ith
port
phase control
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CN113885228B (en
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粟荣涛
常洪祥
龙金虎
蒋敏
张雨秋
周朴
马阎星
马鹏飞
吴坚
李�灿
姜曼
司磊
许晓军
陈金宝
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National University of Defense Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/011—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  in optical waveguides, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • G02F1/0115—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  in optical waveguides, not otherwise provided for in this subclass in optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/0136—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  for the control of polarisation, e.g. state of polarisation [SOP] control, polarisation scrambling, TE-TM mode conversion or separation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/50—Phase-only modulation

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The distributed all-fiber laser phase control array system comprises a seed laser source, a 1 multiplied by 2 laser beam splitter/combiner, a 1 multiplied by N laser beam splitter/combiner, a phase modulator, a laser amplifier, a 2 multiplied by 2 fiber coupler, a fiber end cap, a laser collimating mirror, a circulator, a photoelectric detector and a phase control module, and the phase detection and control of each path of laser is realized through an all-fiber light path structure. The invention does not need to use a spectroscope to sample the array laser, thereby improving the expansibility and the compactness of the laser phased array system.

Description

Distributed all-fiber laser phased array system and phase control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical phased arrays, in particular to a distributed all-fiber laser phased array system and a phase control method thereof.
Background
The laser phased array technology controls the phase of each path of laser to enable the array laser to meet certain phase distribution, thereby realizing the regulation and control of the array laser and being widely applied to the fields of laser communication, laser radar, directional energy technology and the like. At present, a laser phased array system mainly adopts Master oscillator power amplification (referred to as MOPA for short) to lock array lasers into same-phase output, so as to achieve the purpose of improving far-field light spot energy concentration. Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a laser phase control array in the prior art. The system mainly comprises seed laser 101, a 1 xN laser beam splitting/combining device 102, a plurality of phase modulators 103, a plurality of laser amplifiers 104, a plurality of optical fiber end caps 105, a plurality of laser collimating mirrors 106, a laser beam combining device 107, a beam splitter 108, a focusing lens 109, an aperture diaphragm 110, a photoelectric detector 111 and an optimization algorithm phase control module 112. After the seed laser 101 is split by the 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 102, each path of laser light enters the phase modulator 103. Each phase modulator 103 is optically connected to each corresponding laser amplifier 104. Each laser amplifier 104 is optically connected to a respective fiber end cap 105. The optical fiber end caps 105 are optically connected to the laser collimating mirror 106. Laser emitted by each laser collimating mirror 106 is compressed by a laser beam combiner 107 to form array laser after the duty ratio is compressed, and the array laser is transmitted to a beam splitter 108. 99% of the power laser is split by the spectroscope 108 and then emitted to an action target; the < 1% power laser is split by the beam splitter 108 and then enters the phase detection module with optical information, and the phase detection module is generally composed of a focusing lens 109, an aperture stop 110 and a photodetector 111, and is used for extracting central main lobe energy of a far-field spot of a synthesized beam. The electrical signal generated by the photodetector 111 is output to an optimization algorithm phase control block 112. Optimization algorithm the phase control module 112 generates control signals by an optimization algorithm and outputs the control signals to each phase modulator 103. The phase control signal adjusts the piston phase of each laser, so that the output signal of the photodetector 111 keeps the maximum value, and the array lasers keep the same phase at the moment.
The laser phased array system can achieve the same-phase output of high-power fiber lasers, and the purpose of improving the array beam quality is achieved. However, this method requires sampling of the array laser light using a spectroscope. When the beam diameter of the laser array is increased, the diameters of the beam splitter 108 and the focusing lens 109 are also increased, so that the expansibility of the laser phased array system is limited. In addition, since the spatial optical path is adopted for phase error extraction, the spatial optical path adjustment requirement of the system is high, and the compactness of the system is also influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a distributed all-fiber laser phased array system and a phase control method thereof, which realize the phase detection and control of each path of laser through an all-fiber structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the distributed all-fiber laser phased array system comprises a seed laser source, a 1 multiplied by 2 laser beam splitter/combiner, a 1 multiplied by N laser beam splitter/combiner, a phase modulator, a laser amplifier, a 2 multiplied by 2 fiber coupler, a fiber end cap, a laser collimating mirror, a circulator, a photoelectric detector and a phase control module;
the emergent wavelength of the seed laser source is lambda1The seed light of the laser is divided into 2 paths by the 1 multiplied by 2 laser beam splitter/combiner, wherein the first path of laser is divided into N paths of sub-lasers by the first 1 multiplied by N laser beam splitter/combiner, and the ith path of sub-laser is subjected to phase modulation by the ith phase modulator and power amplification by the ith laser amplifier and then is input into the ith 2 multiplied by 2 optical fiber coupler;
each 2 × 2 fiber coupler has four ports, wherein the first port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler is connected to the ith laser amplifier, the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler is connected to the ith fiber end cap, and the ith fiber end cap is connected to the ith laser collimating mirror, where i is 1, 2, …, N; for the laser incident to the ith optical fiber end cap, most of the laser is output to the ith laser collimating mirror, and the rest of the laser is reflected back to the original optical path;
a second path of laser output by the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner is input from a first port of the circulator, a second port of the circulator is connected with a first port of a second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner, an ith second port of the second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner is connected with an ith second phase modulator, and the ith second phase modulator is connected with a third port of an ith 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler; a third port of the circulator is connected with a first photoelectric detector, and the first photoelectric detector is connected with a first phase control module; wherein the laser input from the first port of the circulator can only be output from the second port of the circulator, and the laser input from the second port of the circulator can only be output from the third port of the circulator;
the fourth port of the ith 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler is connected with the ith second photoelectric detector; the ith photoelectric detector is connected with the ith second phase control module;
the first phase control module is connected with N first phase modulators, and the ith second phase control module is connected with the ith second phase modulator; or the first phase control module is connected with the N second phase modulators, and the ith second phase control module is connected with the ith first phase modulator.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first phase control module is pre-loaded with an optimization algorithm, and the phase control signal is generated by the optimization algorithm andoutputting to a corresponding phase modulator; the N second phase control modules operate the heterodyne method, an acousto-optic modulator is arranged on the light path of the second laser output by the 1 x 2 laser beam splitter/combiner and used for generating a frequency shift, so that the second laser output by the 1 x 2 laser beam splitter/combiner outputs the wavelength lambda after passing through the acousto-optic modulator1Laser light of + Δ λ, and laser light output from the acousto-optic modulator are input from the first port of the circulator. The optimization algorithm in the present invention is not limited, and various phase control optimization algorithms in the prior art, such as single jitter method, SPGD method, etc., may be used.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first phase control block and the N second phase control blocks are pre-loaded with an optimization algorithm, and the phase control signals are generated by the optimization algorithm and output to the corresponding phase modulators. The optimization algorithm in the present invention is not limited, and various phase control optimization algorithms in the prior art, such as single jitter method, SPGD method, etc., may be used. Furthermore, the system also can comprise N space optical phase modulators, wherein the ith laser collimator is correspondingly connected with the ith space optical phase modulator, and the ith space optical phase modulator is used for applying a fixed phase phi to the laser output by the ith laser collimatori。
Preferably, the first phase control module is connected to the N first phase modulators, the ith second phase control module is connected to the ith second phase modulator, the second phase control modules generate phase control signals of the second phase modulators and output the phase control signals to the corresponding second phase modulators, so that signals detected by the second photodetectors are stabilized to a set state, the first phase control module generates phase control signals of the first phase modulators and outputs the phase control signals to the corresponding first phase modulators, so that the signals detected by the first photodetectors are stabilized to a maximum value, and phase locking of output laser light is achieved.
Preferably, the first phase control module is connected to the N second phase modulators, the ith second phase control module is connected to the ith first phase modulator, the phase control signal of each first phase modulator is generated by each second phase control module and output to the corresponding first phase modulator, so that the signal detected by each second photodetector is stabilized to a set state, the phase control signal of each second phase modulator is generated by the first phase control module and output to the corresponding second phase modulator, so that the signal detected by the first photodetector is stabilized to a maximum value, and further, phase locking of the output laser is realized.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the 2 × 2 fiber coupler is used for splitting laser light. When laser light is input from the first port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler, most of the laser light with power is output from the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler, and other laser light with small power is output from the fourth port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler. When the laser light is input from the third port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler, preferably, all of the laser light is output from the fourth port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler. Due to the existing 2 × 2 fiber coupler, generally, all the output is not made from the fourth port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler. Therefore, when laser light is input from the third port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler, generally, most of the power of the laser light is output from the fourth port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler, and other small power of the laser light may be output from the second port. When the laser light is input from the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler, it is preferable that all of the laser light is output from the third port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler. Also, due to the existing 2 × 2 fiber coupler, generally, less than all of the output is made from the third port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler. Therefore, when laser light is input from the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler, generally, most of the power of the laser light is output from the third port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler, and other small power of the laser light may be output from the first port.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the laser light incident on the ith optical fiber end cap via the optical fiber, wherein > 99% of the laser light with power is output to the ith laser collimator via the ith optical fiber end cap, and the rest < 1% of the laser light with power is reflected back to the optical fiber via the ith optical fiber end cap.
The invention also provides a phase control method of the distributed all-fiber laser phase control array system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) starting N second phase control modules, wherein each second phase control module generates a phase control signal and outputs the phase control signal to a corresponding phase modulator, so that the signal detected by each second photoelectric detector is stabilized to a set state;
(2) and starting the first phase control module, wherein the first phase control module generates a phase control signal and outputs the phase control signal to the corresponding phase modulator, so that the signal detected by the first photoelectric detector is stabilized to the maximum value, at the moment, the laser emitted by the seed laser source is reflected by each optical fiber end cap, the phases of the lasers combined by the second 1 xN laser beam splitter/beam combiner are kept consistent, meanwhile, the phases of the lasers emitted by the seed laser source are the same through power amplification, and the phases of the lasers output by each optical fiber end cap are the same, so that the phase locking of the output lasers is realized.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first phase control module and the N second phase control modules are pre-loaded with an optimization algorithm, and generate phase control signals through the optimization algorithm and output the phase control signals to corresponding phase modulators, where the phase control method includes:
(1) and starting the N second phase control modules, wherein each second phase control module generates a phase control signal and outputs the phase control signal to a corresponding phase modulator, so that the signal detected by each second photoelectric detector is stabilized to the maximum value, and at the moment, the first relational expression is satisfied:
ψX+ψia＝ψY+ψic
wherein the second port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner is connected with the first port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combinerXRepresenting a phase between a second port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner to a first port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner; the ith second port of the first 1 XN laser beam splitter/combiner is connected with the first port of the ith 2X 2 optical fiber coupleriaRepresenting the phase from the ith second port of the first 1 XN laser beam splitter/combiner to the first port of the ith 2X 2 optical fiber coupler; psiYRepresenting a phase between a third port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner to a first port of a second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner; psiicRepresents the secondThe phase from the ith second port of the 1 xN laser beam splitter/combiner to the third port of the ith 2 x 2 fiber coupler;
(2) the first phase control module is started, the first phase control module generates a phase control signal and outputs the phase control signal to the corresponding phase modulator, so that the signal detected by the first photoelectric detector is stabilized to the maximum value, at the moment, the laser emitted by the seed laser source is reflected by each optical fiber end cap, and then the phases of each path of laser combined by the second 1 xN laser beam splitter/beam combiner are kept consistent, namely, the second relational expression is met:
ψ1a+2ψ1b+ψ1c＝ψ2a+2ψ2b+ψ2c＝…＝ψNa+2ψNb+ψNc
wherein psiibRepresenting the phase between the second port of the ith 2 x 2 fiber coupler to the output of the ith fiber end cap;
substituting the first relational expression into the second relational expression to obtain a third relational expression:
ψ1a+ψ1b＝ψ2a+ψ2b＝…＝ψNa+ψNb
the third relational expression shows that the phases of the lasers output by the optical fiber end caps are the same after the lasers emitted by the seed laser source are amplified, and the phase locking of the output lasers is realized.
Furthermore, the invention also comprises a step (3) of applying a fixed phase phi to the laser output by the ith laser collimator by using the ith spatial optical phase modulatoriThe phases of the laser beams outputted from the spatial light phase modulators are made to be the same, i.e. phi1，Φ2，…，ΦNThereby realizing the phase regulation and control of the array light beam.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an optimization algorithm is pre-loaded on the first phase control module, and a phase control signal is generated by the optimization algorithm and output to a corresponding phase modulator; n second phase control modules operate heterodyne method, and sound is set on the light path of the second laser beam output by 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combinerThe acousto-optic modulator is used for generating a frequency shift to ensure that the second path of laser output by the 1 multiplied by 2 laser beam splitting/combining device passes through the acousto-optic modulator and then outputs the laser with the wavelength of lambda1The laser of + delta lambda, the laser outputted by the acousto-optic modulator is inputted from the first port of the circulator, and the phase control method is as follows:
(1) and starting N second phase control modules, operating a heterodyne method by the second phase control modules, generating phase control signals by each second phase control module and outputting the phase control signals to the corresponding phase modulator to enable the signals detected by each second photoelectric detector to be stabilized to a set state, wherein the set state satisfies a fourth relational expression:
(ψX+ψia)-(ψY+ψic)＝Φi
wherein the second port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner is connected with the first port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combinerXRepresenting a phase between a second port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner to a first port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner; the ith second port of the first 1 XN laser beam splitter/combiner is connected with the first port of the ith 2X 2 optical fiber coupleriaRepresenting the phase from the ith second port of the first 1 XN laser beam splitter/combiner to the first port of the ith 2X 2 optical fiber coupler; psiYRepresenting a phase between a third port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner to a first port of a second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner; psiicRepresenting a phase between an ith second port of the second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner to a third port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler; phiiFor a fixed phase setting, i is 1, 2, …, N.
(2) The first phase control module is started, the first phase control module generates a phase control signal and outputs the phase control signal to the corresponding phase modulator, so that the signal detected by the first photoelectric detector is stabilized to the maximum value, at the moment, the laser emitted by the seed laser source is reflected by each optical fiber end cap, and then the phases of each path of laser combined by the second 1 xN laser beam splitter/beam combiner are kept consistent, namely, the fifth relational expression is met:
ψ1a+2ψ1b+ψ1c＝ψ2a+2ψ2b+ψ2c＝…＝ψNa+2ψNb+ψNc
wherein psiibRepresenting the phase between the second port of the ith 2 x 2 fiber coupler to the output of the ith fiber end cap;
substituting the fourth relational expression into the fifth relational expression to obtain a sixth relational expression:
ψ1a+ψ1b-Φ1＝ψ2a+ψ2b-Φ2＝…＝ψNa+ψNb-ΦN
the sixth relational expression shows that the phase of each path of laser output by each optical fiber end cap after power amplification of the laser emitted by the seed laser source is phiiI.e. each is phi1，Φ2，…，ΦNThereby realizing the phase regulation and control of the array light beam.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the light path design of the invention adopts an all-fiber structure, and the phase detection and control of each path of laser are realized through the all-fiber structure.
The invention does not need to use a spectroscope to sample the array laser, thereby improving the expansibility and the compactness of the laser phased array system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a fiber laser phased array in the prior art;
fig. 2 is a diagram of a distributed all-fiber laser phased array system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a distributed all-fiber laser phased array system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a distributed all-fiber laser phased array system according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating a distributed all-fiber laser phased array system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
the reference numerals in the figures illustrate:
201. a seed laser source; 202-0, 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner; 202-1, a first 1 XN laser beam splitter/combiner; 202-2, a second 1 XN laser beam splitter/combiner; 203-1, a first phase modulator; 203-2, a second phase modulator; 204. a laser amplifier; 205. a 2 × 2 fiber coupler; 206. an optical fiber end cap; 207. a laser collimating mirror; 208. a spatial optical phase modulator; 209-1, a first photodetector; 209-2, a second photodetector; 210-1, a first phase control module; 210-2, a second phase control module; 211. a circulator; 212. an acousto-optic modulator.
The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, in the drawings or the description, the undescribed contents and parts of english are abbreviated as those well known to those skilled in the art. Some specific parameters given in the present embodiment are only exemplary, and the values may be changed to appropriate values accordingly in different real-time manners.
Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a distributed all-fiber laser phased array system, which includes a seed laser source 201, a 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0, a first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1, a second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-2, N first phase modulators 203-1, N laser amplifiers 204, N2 × 2 fiber couplers 205, N fiber end caps 206, N laser collimators 207, N spatial light phase modulators 208, a first photodetector 209-1, N second photodetectors 209-2, a first phase control module 210-1, N second phase control modules 210-2, and a circulator 211. The first phase control block 210-1 and the N second phase control blocks 210-2 are pre-loaded with an optimization algorithm, and generate phase control signals through the optimization algorithm and output the phase control signals to corresponding phase modulators. The optimization algorithm in the present invention is not limited, and various phase control optimization algorithms in the prior art, such as single jitter method, SPGD method, etc., may be used.
The seed laser source 201 is used for emitting light with a wavelength of lambda1The seed laser source 201 is connected to the first port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0, the seed light is divided into 2 paths and then output from the second port and the third port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0, the second port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0 is connected to the first port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1, and is divided into N paths of sub-lasers, the optical path after the ith second port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1 is sequentially connected to the ith first phase modulator 203-1, the ith laser amplifier 204 and the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, wherein the ith laser amplifier 204 is connected to the first port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, the second port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 is connected to the ith fiber end cap 206, the ith optical fiber end cap 206 is connected to the ith laser collimator 207, where i is 1, 2, …, N.
The emergent wavelength of the seed laser source 201 is lambda1The seed light is divided into 2 paths by the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0, wherein the first path of laser is divided into N paths of sub-lasers by the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1, wherein the ith path of sub-laser is subjected to phase modulation by the ith phase modulator 203-1, and is input to the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 after being subjected to power amplification by the ith laser amplifier 204; each 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 has four ports, wherein the first port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 is connected to the ith laser amplifier 204, the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 is connected to the ith fiber end cap 206, the ith fiber end cap 206 is connected to the ith laser collimator 207, the ith laser collimator 207 is correspondingly connected to the ith spatial light phase modulator 208, and the ith spatial light phase modulator 208 is correspondingly connected to the ith laser collimator 207The optical phase modulator 208 is used for applying a fixed phase phi to the laser light output from the ith laser collimator 207iWherein i ═ 1, 2, …, N; for laser light incident on the ith fiber end cap 206, wherein>99% of the laser power is output to the ith laser collimator 207 through the ith optical fiber end cap 206, and the rest is<Laser light of 1% of the power is reflected back into the original optical path through the ith fiber end cap 206.
The third port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0 is connected to the first port of the circulator, and the second laser output through the third port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0 is input from the first port of the circulator 211. A second port of the circulator 211 is connected to a first port of the second 1 xn laser beam splitter/combiner 202-2, an ith second port of the second 1 xn laser beam splitter/combiner 202-2 is connected to an ith second phase modulator 203-2, and the ith second phase modulator 203-2 is connected to a third port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205; the third port of the circulator 211 is connected to the first photodetector 209-1, the first photodetector 209-1 is connected to the first phase control module 210-1, and the first phase control module 210-1 is connected to the N first phase modulators 203-1, wherein the laser input from the first port of the circulator 211 can only be output from the second port of the circulator 211, and the laser input from the second port of the circulator 211 can only be output from the third port of the circulator 211.
The fourth port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 is connected to the ith second photodetector 209-2, the ith second photodetector 209-2 is connected to the ith second phase control block 210-2, and the ith second phase control block 210-2 is connected to the ith second phase modulator 203-2.
The 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 is used for splitting laser light, and has four ports, namely a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port. When laser light is input from the first port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, most of the laser light with power is output from the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, and the other laser light with small power is output from the fourth port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205; when laser light is input from the third port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, it is preferable that all the laser light input from the third port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 be output from the fourth port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205. When laser light is input from the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, it is preferable that all the laser light input from the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 be output from the third port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205.
The phase control signal of each second phase modulator 203-2 is generated by each second phase control module 210-2 and output to the corresponding second phase modulator 203-2, so that the signal detected by each second photodetector 209-2 is stabilized to the maximum value, the phase control signal of each first phase modulator 203-1 is generated by the first phase control module 210-1 and output to the corresponding first phase modulator 203-1, so that the signal detected by the first photodetector 209-1 is stabilized to the maximum value, and the phase locking of the output laser is realized.
The phase control method of the distributed all-fiber laser phased array system provided in the embodiment shown in fig. 2 includes the following steps:
(1) the N second phase control blocks 210-2 are turned on, and each second phase control block 210-2 generates a phase control signal and outputs the phase control signal to the corresponding second phase modulator 203-2, so that the signal detected by each second photodetector 209-2 is stabilized to a maximum value, and at this time, the following relationship is satisfied:
ψX+ψia＝ψY+ψic (1)
wherein psiXRepresents the phase from the second port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0 to the first port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1; psiiaRepresents the phase from the i-th second port of the first 1 xn laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1 to the first port of the i-th 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205; psiYRepresents the phase from the third port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0 to the first port of the second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-2; psiicRepresents the phase from the i-th second port of the second 1 xn laser beam splitter/combiner 202-2 to the third port of the i-th 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205;
(2) the first phase control module 210-1 is turned on, the first phase control module 210-1 generates a phase control signal and outputs the phase control signal to each first phase modulator 203-1, so that the signal detected by the first photodetector 209-1 is stabilized to a maximum value, at this time, the laser emitted by the seed laser source 201 is reflected by each optical fiber end cap 206, and then the phases of the lasers combined by the second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-2 are kept consistent, that is, the following relational expression is satisfied:
ψ1a+2ψ1b+ψ1c＝ψ2a+2ψ2b+ψ2c＝…＝ψNa+2ψNb+ψNc (2)
wherein psiibRepresents the phase between the second port of the ith 2 x 2 fiber coupler 205 to the output of the ith fiber end cap 206;
substituting equation (1) into equation (2) yields the following results:
ψ1a+ψ1b＝ψ2a+ψ2b＝…＝ψNa+ψNb (3)
formula (3) shows that the phase of the laser beams emitted from the seed laser source 201 is the same through power amplification, and the phases of the laser beams output from the optical fiber end caps 206 are the same, so that the phase locking of the output laser beams is realized.
Further comprises the step (3) of applying a fixed phase phi to the laser light output by the ith laser collimator 207 by using the ith spatial light phase modulator 208iThe phases of the laser beams outputted from the spatial light phase modulators are made to be the same, i.e. phi1，Φ2，…，ΦNThereby realizing the phase regulation and control of the array light beam.
Referring to fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a distributed all-fiber laser phased array system, which includes a seed laser source 201, a 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0, a first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1, a second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-2, N first phase modulators 203-1, N laser amplifiers 204, N2 × 2 fiber couplers 205, N fiber end caps 206, N laser collimators 207, N spatial light phase modulators 208, a first photodetector 209-1, N second photodetectors 209-2, a first phase control module 210-1, N second phase control modules 210-2, and a circulator 211. The first phase control block 210-1 and the N second phase control blocks 210-2 are pre-loaded with an optimization algorithm, and generate phase control signals through the optimization algorithm and output the phase control signals to corresponding phase modulators. The optimization algorithm in the present invention is not limited, and various phase control optimization algorithms in the prior art, such as single jitter method, SPGD method, etc., may be used.
The seed laser source 201 is used for emitting light with a wavelength of lambda1The seed laser source 201 is connected to the first port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0, the seed light is divided into 2 paths and then output from the second port and the third port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0, the second port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0 is connected to the first port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1, and is divided into N paths of sub-lasers, the optical path after the ith second port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1 is sequentially connected to the ith first phase modulator 203-1, the ith laser amplifier 204 and the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, wherein the ith laser amplifier 204 is connected to the first port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, the second port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 is connected to the ith fiber end cap 206, the ith optical fiber end cap 206 is connected to the ith laser collimator 207, where i is 1, 2, …, N.
The emergent wavelength of the seed laser source 201 is lambda1The seed light is divided into 2 paths by the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0, wherein the first path of laser is divided into N paths of sub-lasers by the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1, and the ith path of sub-laser is input to the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 after being subjected to phase modulation by the ith phase modulator 203-1 and power amplification by the ith laser amplifier 204; each 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 has four ports, wherein the first port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 is connected to the ith laser amplifier 204, the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 is connected to the ith fiber cap 206, the ith fiber cap 206 is connected to the ith laser collimator 207, the ith laser collimator 207 is correspondingly connected to the ith spatial light phase modulator 208, and the ith spatial light phase modulator 208 is used for collimating the ith laserThe laser output from the laser 207 is applied with a fixed phase phii. Wherein i is 1, 2, …, N; for laser light incident on the ith fiber end cap 206, wherein>99% of the laser power is output to the ith laser collimator 207 through the ith optical fiber end cap 206, and the rest is<Laser light of 1% of the power is reflected back into the original optical path through the ith fiber end cap 206.
The third port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0 is connected to the first port of the circulator, and the second laser output through the third port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0 is input from the first port of the circulator 211. A second port of the circulator 211 is connected to a first port of the second 1 xn laser beam splitter/combiner 202-2, an ith second port of the second 1 xn laser beam splitter/combiner 202-2 is connected to an ith second phase modulator 203-2, and the ith second phase modulator 203-2 is connected to a third port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205; the third port of the circulator 211 is connected with a first photodetector 209-1, the first photodetector 209-1 is connected with a first phase control module 210-1, and the first phase control module 210-1 is connected with N second phase modulators 203-2, wherein the laser input from the first port of the circulator 211 can only be output from the second port of the circulator 211, and the laser input from the second port of the circulator 211 can only be output from the third port of the circulator 211.
The fourth port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 is connected to the ith second photodetector 209-2, the ith second photodetector 209-2 is connected to the ith second phase control block 210-2, and the ith second phase control block 210-2 is connected to the ith first phase modulator 203-1.
The 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 is used for splitting laser light, and has four ports, namely a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port. When laser light is input from the first port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, most of the laser light with power is output from the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, and the other laser light with small power is output from the fourth port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205; when laser light is input from the third port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, it is preferable that all the laser light input from the third port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 be output from the fourth port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205. When laser light is input from the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, it is preferable that all the laser light input from the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 be output from the third port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205.
The phase control signal of each first phase modulator 203-1 is generated by each second phase control module 210-2 and output to the corresponding first phase modulator 203-1, so that the signal detected by each second photodetector 209-2 is stabilized to the maximum value, the phase control signal of each second phase modulator 203-2 is generated by the first phase control module 210-1 and output to the corresponding second phase modulator 203-2, so that the signal detected by the first photodetector 209-1 is stabilized to the maximum value, and the phase locking of the output laser is realized.
The phase control method of the distributed all-fiber laser phased array system provided in the embodiment shown in fig. 3 includes the following steps:
(1) the N second phase control blocks 210-2 are turned on, and each second phase control block 210-2 generates a phase control signal and outputs the phase control signal to the corresponding first phase modulator 203-1, so that the signal detected by each second photodetector 209-2 is stabilized to a maximum value, and at this time, the following relationship is satisfied:
ψX+ψia＝ψY+ψic (1)
wherein psiXRepresents the phase from the second port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0 to the first port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1; psiiaRepresents the phase from the i-th second port of the first 1 xn laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1 to the first port of the i-th 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205; psiYRepresents the phase from the third port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0 to the first port of the second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-2; psiicRepresents the phase from the i-th second port of the second 1 xn laser beam splitter/combiner 202-2 to the third port of the i-th 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205;
(2) the first phase control module 210-1 is turned on, the first phase control module 210-1 generates a phase control signal and outputs the phase control signal to each second phase modulator 203-2, so that the signal detected by the first photodetector 209-1 is stabilized to a maximum value, at this time, the laser emitted by the seed laser source 201 is reflected by each optical fiber end cap 206, and then the phases of each path of laser combined by the second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-2 are kept consistent, that is, the following relational expression is satisfied:
ψ1a+2ψ1b+ψ1c＝ψ2a+2ψ2b+ψ2c＝…＝ψNa+2ψNb+ψNc (2)
wherein psiibRepresents the phase between the second port of the ith 2 x 2 fiber coupler 205 to the output of the ith fiber end cap 206;
substituting equation (1) into equation (2) yields the following results:
ψ1a+ψ1b＝ψ2a+ψ2b＝…＝ψNa+ψNb (3)
formula (3) shows that the phase of the laser beams emitted from the seed laser source 201 is the same through power amplification, and the phases of the laser beams output from the optical fiber end caps 206 are the same, so that the phase locking of the output laser beams is realized.
Further comprising the step (3) of applying a fixed phase phi to the laser light output from the ith laser collimator 207 by using the ith spatial light phase modulator 208iThe phase of each laser beam outputted from each spatial light phase modulator 208 is made to be phiiThereby realizing the phase regulation and control of the array light beam.
Referring to fig. 4, an embodiment of the present invention provides a distributed all-fiber laser phased array system, which includes a seed laser source 201, a 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0, a first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1, a second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-2, N first phase modulators 203-1, N laser amplifiers 204, N2 × 2 fiber couplers 205, N fiber end caps 206, N laser collimators 207, a first photodetector 209-1, N second photodetectors 209-2, a first phase control module 210-1, N second phase control modules 210-2, a circulator 211, and an acousto-optic modulator 212.
The first phase control module 210-1 is pre-loaded with an optimization algorithm, and generates a phase control signal through the optimization algorithm and outputs the phase control signal to a corresponding phase modulator. The optimization algorithm in the present invention is not limited, and various phase control optimization algorithms in the prior art, such as single jitter method, SPGD method, etc., may be used. And the N second phase control modules all operate a heterodyne method.
The seed laser source 201 is used for emitting light with a wavelength of lambda1The seed laser source 201 is connected to the first port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0, the seed light is divided into 2 paths and then output from the second port and the third port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0, the second port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0 is connected to the first port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1, and is divided into N paths of sub-lasers, the optical path after the ith second port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1 is sequentially connected to the ith first phase modulator 203-1, the ith laser amplifier 204 and the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, wherein the ith laser amplifier 204 is connected to the first port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, the second port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 is connected to the ith fiber end cap 206, the ith optical fiber end cap 206 is connected to the ith laser collimator 207, where i is 1, 2, …, N.
The emergent wavelength of the seed laser source 201 is lambda1The seed light is divided into 2 paths by the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0, wherein the first path of laser is divided into N paths of sub-lasers by the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1, wherein the ith path of sub-laser is subjected to phase modulation by the ith phase modulator 203-1, and is input to the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 after being subjected to power amplification by the ith laser amplifier 204; each 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 has four ports, where the first port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 is connected to the ith laser amplifier 204, the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 is connected to the ith fiber end cap 206, and the ith fiber end cap 206 is connected to the ith laser collimator 207, where i is 1, 2, …, N; for laser light incident on the ith fiber end cap 206, wherein>99% of the laser power is output to the ith laser collimator 207 through the ith optical fiber end cap 206, and the rest is<1% ofThe power laser light is reflected back into the original optical path through the ith fiber end cap 206.
The third port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0 is connected to the acousto-optic modulator 212, and the acousto-optic modulator 212 is configured to generate a frequency shift, so that the second path of laser output by the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0 passes through the acousto-optic modulator 212 and then outputs a wavelength λ1Laser light of + Δ λ. The acousto-optic modulator 212 is connected with the first port of the ring-shaped device 211, and the wavelength of the second path of laser output by the third port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0 after passing through the acousto-optic modulator 212 is λ1Laser light of + Δ λ is input from the first port of the circulator 211. A second port of the circulator 211 is connected to a first port of the second 1 xn laser beam splitter/combiner 202-2, an ith second port of the second 1 xn laser beam splitter/combiner 202-2 is connected to an ith second phase modulator 203-2, and the ith second phase modulator 203-2 is connected to a third port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205; the third port of the circulator 211 is connected to the first photodetector 209-1, the first photodetector 209-1 is connected to the first phase control module 210-1, and the first phase control module 210-1 is connected to the N first phase modulators 203-1, wherein the laser input from the first port of the circulator 211 can only be output from the second port of the circulator 211, and the laser input from the second port of the circulator 211 can only be output from the third port of the circulator 211.
The fourth port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 is connected to the ith second photodetector 209-2, the ith second photodetector 209-2 is connected to the ith second phase control block 210-2, and the ith second phase control block 210-2 is connected to the ith second phase modulator 203-2.
The 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 is used for splitting laser light, and has four ports, namely a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port. When laser light is input from the first port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, most of the laser light with power is output from the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, and the other laser light with small power is output from the fourth port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205; when laser light is input from the third port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, it is preferable that all the laser light input from the third port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 be output from the fourth port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205. When laser light is input from the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, it is preferable that all the laser light input from the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 be output from the third port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205.
The phase control signal of each second phase modulator 203-2 is generated by each second phase control module 210-2 and output to the corresponding second phase modulator 203-2, so that the signal detected by each second photodetector 209-2 is stabilized to a set state, the phase control signal of each first phase modulator 203-1 is generated by the first phase control module 210-1 and output to the corresponding first phase modulator 203-1, so that the signal detected by the first photodetector 209-1 is stabilized to a maximum value, and further the phase locking of the output laser is realized.
The phase control method of the distributed all-fiber laser phased array system provided in the embodiment shown in fig. 4 includes the following steps:
(1) and starting N second phase control modules, operating a heterodyne method by the second phase control modules, generating phase control signals by each second phase control module, outputting the phase control signals to the corresponding phase modulator, and stabilizing the signals detected by each second photoelectric detector to a set state, wherein the set state satisfies the following relational expression:
(ψX+ψia)-(ψY+ψic)＝Φi (4)
the second port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner is connected with the first port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner, and ψ X represents the phase from the second port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner to the first port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner; the ith second port of the first 1 XN laser beam splitter/combiner is connected with the first port of the ith 2X 2 optical fiber coupleriaRepresenting the phase from the ith second port of the first 1 XN laser beam splitter/combiner to the first port of the ith 2X 2 optical fiber coupler; psiYRepresenting a phase between a third port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner to a first port of a second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner; psiicRepresents the secondThe phase from the ith second port of the 1 xN laser beam splitter/combiner to the third port of the ith 2 x 2 fiber coupler; phiiFor a fixed phase setting, i is 1, 2, …, N.
(2) And starting the first phase control module, wherein the first phase control module generates a phase control signal and outputs the phase control signal to the corresponding phase modulator, so that the signal detected by the first photoelectric detector is stabilized to the maximum value, at the moment, the laser emitted by the seed laser source is reflected by each optical fiber end cap, and then the phases of each path of laser combined by the second 1 xN laser beam splitter/combiner are kept consistent, namely the following relational expression is satisfied:
ψ1a+2ψ1b+ψ1c＝ψ2a+2ψ2b+ψ2c＝…＝ψNa+2ψNb+ψNc (5)
wherein psiibRepresenting the phase between the second port of the ith 2 x 2 fiber coupler to the output of the ith fiber end cap;
substituting equation (4) into equation (5) yields the following result:
ψ1a+ψ1b-Φ1＝ψ2a+ψ2b-Φ2＝…＝ψNa+ψNb-ΦN (6)
the formula (6) shows that the output phases of the laser beams output by the end caps of the optical fibers after power amplification are phiiI.e. each is phi1，Φ2，…，ΦNThereby realizing the phase regulation and control of the array light beam.
Referring to fig. 5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a distributed all-fiber laser phased array system, which includes a seed laser source 201, a 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0, a first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1, a second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-2, N first phase modulators 203-1, N laser amplifiers 204, N2 × 2 fiber couplers 205, N fiber end caps 206, N laser collimators 207, a first photodetector 209-1, N second photodetectors 209-2, a first phase control module 210-1, N second phase control modules 210-2, a circulator 211, and an acousto-optic modulator 212.
The first phase control module 210-1 is pre-loaded with an optimization algorithm, and generates a phase control signal through the optimization algorithm and outputs the phase control signal to a corresponding phase modulator. The optimization algorithm in the present invention is not limited, and various phase control optimization algorithms in the prior art, such as single jitter method, SPGD method, etc., may be used. And the N second phase control modules all operate a heterodyne method.
The seed laser source 201 is used for emitting light with a wavelength of lambda1The seed laser source 201 is connected to the first port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0, the seed light is divided into 2 paths and then output from the second port and the third port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0, the second port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0 is connected to the first port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1, and is divided into N paths of sub-lasers, the optical path after the ith second port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1 is sequentially connected to the ith first phase modulator 203-1, the ith laser amplifier 204 and the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, wherein the ith laser amplifier 204 is connected to the first port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, the second port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 is connected to the ith fiber end cap 206, the ith optical fiber end cap 206 is connected to the ith laser collimator 207, where i is 1, 2, …, N.
The emergent wavelength of the seed laser source 201 is lambda1The seed light is divided into 2 paths by the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0, wherein the first path of laser is divided into N paths of sub-lasers by the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1, and the ith path of sub-laser is input to the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 after being subjected to phase modulation by the ith phase modulator 203-1 and power amplification by the ith laser amplifier 204; each 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 has four ports, where the first port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 is connected to the ith laser amplifier 204, the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 is connected to the ith fiber end cap 206, and the ith fiber end cap 206 is connected to the ith laser collimator 207, where i is 1, 2, …, N; for laser light incident on the ith fiber end cap 206, wherein>99% power laserOutput to the ith laser collimator 207 via the ith optical fiber end cap 206, and the rest<Laser light of 1% of the power is reflected back into the original optical path through the ith fiber end cap 206.
The third port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0 is connected to the acousto-optic modulator 212, and the acousto-optic modulator 212 is configured to generate a frequency shift, so that the second path of laser output by the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0 passes through the acousto-optic modulator 212 and then outputs a wavelength λ1Laser light of + Δ λ. The acousto-optic modulator 212 is connected with the first port of the ring-shaped device 211, and the wavelength of the second path of laser output by the third port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0 after passing through the acousto-optic modulator 212 is λ1Laser light of + Δ λ is input from the first port of the circulator 211. A second port of the circulator 211 is connected to a first port of the second 1 xn laser beam splitter/combiner 202-2, an ith second port of the second 1 xn laser beam splitter/combiner 202-2 is connected to an ith second phase modulator 203-2, and the ith second phase modulator 203-2 is connected to a third port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205; the third port of the circulator 211 is connected with a first photodetector 209-1, the first photodetector 209-1 is connected with a first phase control module 210-1, and the first phase control module 210-1 is connected with N second phase modulators 203-2, wherein the laser input from the first port of the circulator 211 can only be output from the second port of the circulator 211, and the laser input from the second port of the circulator 211 can only be output from the third port of the circulator 211.
The fourth port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 is connected to the ith second photodetector 209-2, the ith second photodetector 209-2 is connected to the ith second phase control block 210-2, and the ith second phase control block 210-2 is connected to the ith first phase modulator 203-1.
The 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 is used for splitting laser light, and has four ports, namely a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port. When laser light is input from the first port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, most of the laser light with power is output from the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, and the other laser light with small power is output from the fourth port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205; when laser light is input from the third port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, it is preferable that all the laser light input from the third port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 be output from the fourth port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205. When laser light is input from the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205, it is preferable that all the laser light input from the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205 be output from the third port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205.
The phase control signal of each first phase modulator 203-1 is generated by each second phase control module 210-2 and output to the corresponding first phase modulator 203-1, so that the signal detected by each second photodetector 209-2 is stabilized to a set state, the phase control signal of each second phase modulator 203-2 is generated by the first phase control module 210-1 and output to the corresponding second phase modulator 203-2, so that the signal detected by the first photodetector 209-1 is stabilized to a maximum value, and the phase locking of the output laser is realized.
The phase control method of the distributed all-fiber laser phased array system provided in the embodiment shown in fig. 5 includes the following steps:
(1) the N second phase control modules 210-2 are turned on, the second phase control modules 210-2 operate the heterodyne method, and each second phase control module 210-2 generates a phase control signal and outputs the phase control signal to a corresponding phase modulator, so that the signal detected by each second photodetector 209-2 is stabilized to a set state, where the set state satisfies the following relation:
(ψX+ψia)-(ψY+ψic)＝Φi (4)
wherein, the second port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0 is connected with the first port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1 by psiXRepresents the phase from the second port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner 202-0 to the first port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1; the ith second port of the first 1 xN laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1 is connected to the first port of the ith 2 x 2 fiber coupler 205 by psiiaRepresents the phase from the i-th second port of the first 1 xn laser beam splitter/combiner 202-1 to the first port of the i-th 2 × 2 fiber coupler 205; psiYRepresenting a phase between a third port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner to a first port of a second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner; psiicRepresenting a phase between an ith second port of the second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner to a third port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler; phiiFor a fixed phase setting, i is 1, 2, …, N.
(2) The first phase control module 210-1 is turned on, the first phase control module 210-1 generates a phase control signal and outputs the phase control signal to the corresponding phase modulator, so that the signal detected by the first photodetector 209-1 is stabilized to a maximum value, at this time, the laser light emitted by the seed laser light source 201 is reflected by each optical fiber end cap 206, and then the phases of the laser lights combined by the second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner 202-2 are kept consistent, that is, the following relational expression is satisfied:
ψ1a+2ψ1b+ψ1c＝ψ2a+2ψ2b+ψ2c＝…＝ψNa+2ψNb+ψNc (5)
wherein psiibRepresents the phase between the second port of the ith 2 x 2 fiber coupler 205 to the output of the ith fiber end cap 206;
substituting equation (4) into equation (5) yields the following result:
ψ1a+ψ1b-Φ1＝ψ2a+ψ2b-Φ2＝…＝ψNa+ψNb-ΦN (6)
the formula (6) shows that the phases of the laser beams output from the seed laser source 201 are phi after power amplification, and the phases of the laser beams output from the fiber end caps 206 are phiiI.e. each is phi1，Φ2，…，ΦNThereby realizing the phase regulation and control of the array light beam.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention has been included to describe the features of the invention in detail, and is not intended to limit the inventive concepts to the particular forms of the embodiments described, as other modifications and variations within the spirit of the inventive concepts will be protected by this patent. The subject matter of the present disclosure is defined by the claims, not by the detailed description of the embodiments.

Claims (12)

1. The distributed all-fiber laser phased array system is characterized by comprising a seed laser source, a 1 multiplied by 2 laser beam splitter/combiner, a 1 multiplied by N laser beam splitter/combiner, a phase modulator, a laser amplifier, a 2 multiplied by 2 fiber coupler, a fiber end cap, a laser collimating mirror, a circulator, a photoelectric detector and a phase control module;
the emergent wavelength of the seed laser source is lambda1The seed light of the laser is divided into 2 paths by the 1 multiplied by 2 laser beam splitter/combiner, wherein the first path of laser is divided into N paths of sub-lasers by the first 1 multiplied by N laser beam splitter/combiner, and the ith path of sub-laser is subjected to phase modulation by the ith phase modulator and power amplification by the ith laser amplifier and then is input into the ith 2 multiplied by 2 optical fiber coupler;
each 2 × 2 fiber coupler has four ports, wherein the first port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler is connected to the ith laser amplifier, the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler is connected to the ith fiber end cap, and the ith fiber end cap is connected to the ith laser collimating mirror, where i is 1, 2, …, N; for the laser incident to the ith optical fiber end cap, most of the laser is output to the ith laser collimating mirror, and the rest of the laser is reflected back to the original optical path;
a second path of laser output by the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner is input from a first port of the circulator, a second port of the circulator is connected with a first port of a second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner, an ith second port of the second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner is connected with an ith second phase modulator, and the ith second phase modulator is connected with a third port of an ith 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler; a third port of the circulator is connected with a first photoelectric detector, and the first photoelectric detector is connected with a first phase control module; wherein the laser input from the first port of the circulator can only be output from the second port of the circulator, and the laser input from the second port of the circulator can only be output from the third port of the circulator;
the fourth port of the ith 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler is connected with the ith second photoelectric detector; the ith photoelectric detector is connected with the ith second phase control module;
the first phase control module is connected with N first phase modulators, and the ith second phase control module is connected with the ith second phase modulator; or the first phase control module is connected with the N second phase modulators, and the ith second phase control module is connected with the ith first phase modulator.
2. The distributed all-fiber laser phased array system according to claim 1, wherein, when the laser light is input from the first port of the 2 x 2 fiber coupler, most of the power laser light is output from the second port of the 2 x 2 fiber coupler, and the other small power laser light is output from the fourth port of the 2 x 2 fiber coupler;
when laser light is input from the third port of the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler, most of the power of the laser light is output from the fourth port of the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler;
when laser light is input from the second port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler, most of the power of the laser light is output from the third port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler.
3. The distributed all-fiber laser phased array system according to claim 1, wherein laser light incident on the ith fiber end cap via the optical fiber, wherein > 99% of the laser light with power is output to the ith laser collimator via the ith fiber end cap, and the rest < 1% of the laser light with power is reflected back to the optical fiber via the ith fiber end cap.
4. The distributed all-fiber laser phased array system according to claim 1, wherein the first phase control module is pre-loaded with an optimization algorithm, and generates a phase control signal through the optimization algorithm and outputs the phase control signal to a corresponding phase modulator; the N second phase control modules operate the heterodyne method, an acousto-optic modulator is arranged on the light path of the second laser output by the 1 x 2 laser beam splitter/combiner and used for generating a frequency shift, so that the second laser output by the 1 x 2 laser beam splitter/combiner is output after passing through the acousto-optic modulatorThe output wavelength is lambda1Laser light of + Δ λ, and laser light output from the acousto-optic modulator are input from the first port of the circulator.
5. The distributed all-fiber laser phased array system according to claim 1, wherein the first phase control module and the N second phase control modules are pre-loaded with an optimization algorithm, and generate and output phase control signals to corresponding phase modulators through the optimization algorithm.
6. The distributed all-fiber laser phased array system according to claim 5, further comprising N spatial optical phase modulators, wherein the ith laser collimator is correspondingly connected to the ith spatial optical phase modulator, and the ith spatial optical phase modulator is configured to apply a fixed phase Φ to the laser output by the ith laser collimatori。
7. The distributed all-fiber laser phase-controlled array system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein when the first phase control module is connected to N first phase modulators, and the ith second phase control module is connected to the ith second phase modulator, the phase control signal of each second phase modulator is generated by each second phase control module and output to the corresponding second phase modulator, so that the signal detected by each second photodetector is stabilized to a set state, and the phase control signal of each first phase modulator is generated by the first phase control module and output to the corresponding first phase modulator, so that the signal detected by the first photodetector is stabilized to a maximum value, thereby achieving phase locking of the output laser.
8. The distributed all-fiber laser phase-controlled array system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein when the first phase control module is connected to N second phase modulators, and the ith second phase control module is connected to the ith first phase modulator, the phase control signal of each first phase modulator is generated by each second phase control module and output to the corresponding first phase modulator, so that the signal detected by each second photodetector is stabilized to a set state, and the phase control signal of each second phase modulator is generated by the first phase control module and output to the corresponding second phase modulator, so that the signal detected by the first photodetector is stabilized to a maximum value, thereby achieving phase locking of the output laser.
9. A phase control method for a distributed all-fiber laser phased array system as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) starting N second phase control modules, wherein each second phase control module generates a phase control signal and outputs the phase control signal to a corresponding phase modulator, so that the signal detected by each second photoelectric detector is stabilized to a set state;
(2) and starting the first phase control module, wherein the first phase control module generates a phase control signal and outputs the phase control signal to the corresponding phase modulator, so that the signal detected by the first photoelectric detector is stabilized to the maximum value, at the moment, the laser emitted by the seed laser source is reflected by each optical fiber end cap, the phases of the lasers combined by the second 1 xN laser beam splitter/beam combiner are kept consistent, meanwhile, the phases of the lasers emitted by the seed laser source are the same through power amplification, and the phases of the lasers output by each optical fiber end cap are the same, so that the phase locking of the output lasers is realized.
10. The phase control method according to claim 9, wherein the first phase control module and the N second phase control modules in the distributed all-fiber laser phased-array system according to claim 1 are pre-loaded with an optimization algorithm, and a phase control signal is generated by the optimization algorithm and output to the corresponding phase modulator, and the phase control method is as follows:
(1) and starting the N second phase control modules, wherein each second phase control module generates a phase control signal and outputs the phase control signal to a corresponding phase modulator, so that the signal detected by each second photoelectric detector is stabilized to the maximum value, and at the moment, the first relational expression is satisfied:
ψX+ψia＝ψY+ψic
wherein the second port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner is connected with the first port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combinerXRepresenting a phase between a second port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner to a first port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner; the ith second port of the first 1 XN laser beam splitter/combiner is connected with the first port of the ith 2X 2 optical fiber coupleriaRepresenting the phase from the ith second port of the first 1 XN laser beam splitter/combiner to the first port of the ith 2X 2 optical fiber coupler; psiYRepresenting a phase between a third port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner to a first port of a second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner; psiicRepresenting a phase between an ith second port of the second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner to a third port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler;
(2) the first phase control module is started, the first phase control module generates a phase control signal and outputs the phase control signal to the corresponding phase modulator, so that the signal detected by the first photoelectric detector is stabilized to the maximum value, at the moment, the laser emitted by the seed laser source is reflected by each optical fiber end cap, and then the phases of each path of laser combined by the second 1 xN laser beam splitter/beam combiner are kept consistent, namely, the second relational expression is met:
ψ1a+2ψ1b+ψ1c＝ψ2a+2ψ2b+ψ2c＝…＝ψNa+2ψNb+ψNc
wherein psiibRepresenting the phase between the second port of the ith 2 x 2 fiber coupler to the output of the ith fiber end cap;
substituting the first relational expression into the second relational expression to obtain a third relational expression:
ψ1a+ψ1b＝ψ2a+ψ2b＝…＝ψNa+ψNb
the third relational expression shows that the phases of the lasers output by the optical fiber end caps are the same after the lasers emitted by the seed laser source are amplified, and the phase locking of the output lasers is realized.
11. The phase control method according to claim 10, further comprising a step (3) of applying a fixed phase Φ to the laser light output from the ith laser collimator using the ith spatial optical phase modulatoriThe phases of the laser beams outputted from the spatial light phase modulators are made to be the same, i.e. phi1，Φ2，…，ΦNThereby realizing the phase regulation and control of the array light beam.
12. The phase control method according to claim 9, wherein an optimization algorithm is pre-loaded on the first phase control module in the distributed all-fiber laser phased-array system according to claim 1, and a phase control signal is generated by the optimization algorithm and output to a corresponding phase modulator; the N second phase control modules operate the heterodyne method, an acousto-optic modulator is arranged on the light path of the second laser output by the 1 x 2 laser beam splitter/combiner and used for generating a frequency shift, so that the second laser output by the 1 x 2 laser beam splitter/combiner outputs the wavelength lambda after passing through the acousto-optic modulator1The laser of + delta lambda, the laser outputted by the acousto-optic modulator is inputted from the first port of the circulator, and the phase control method is as follows:
(1) and starting N second phase control modules, operating a heterodyne method by the second phase control modules, generating phase control signals by each second phase control module and outputting the phase control signals to the corresponding phase modulator to enable the signals detected by each second photoelectric detector to be stabilized to a set state, wherein the set state satisfies a fourth relational expression:
(ψX+ψia)-(ψY+ψic)＝Φi
wherein the second port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner is connected with the first port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combinerXRepresenting a phase between a second port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner to a first port of the first 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner; the ith second port of the first 1 XN laser beam splitter/combiner is coupled with the ith 2X 2 optical fiberFirst port connection of the combiner, #iaRepresenting the phase from the ith second port of the first 1 XN laser beam splitter/combiner to the first port of the ith 2X 2 optical fiber coupler; psiYRepresenting a phase between a third port of the 1 × 2 laser beam splitter/combiner to a first port of a second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner; psiicRepresenting a phase between an ith second port of the second 1 × N laser beam splitter/combiner to a third port of the ith 2 × 2 fiber coupler; phiiIs a set fixed phase;
(2) the first phase control module is started, the first phase control module generates a phase control signal and outputs the phase control signal to the corresponding phase modulator, so that the signal detected by the first photoelectric detector is stabilized to the maximum value, at the moment, the laser emitted by the seed laser source is reflected by each optical fiber end cap, and then the phases of each path of laser combined by the second 1 xN laser beam splitter/beam combiner are kept consistent, namely, the fifth relational expression is met:
ψ1a+2ψ1b+ψ1c＝ψ2a+2ψ2b+ψ2c＝…＝ψNa+2ψNb+ψNc
wherein psiibRepresenting the phase between the second port of the ith 2 x 2 fiber coupler to the output of the ith fiber end cap;
substituting the fourth relational expression into the fifth relational expression to obtain a sixth relational expression:
ψ1a+ψ1b-Φ1＝ψ2a+ψ2b-Φ2＝…＝ψNa+ψNb-ΦN
the sixth relational expression shows that the laser emitted by the seed laser source is amplified by power, and the phases of the laser outputs output by the optical fiber end caps are the same, namely phi is respectively1，Φ2，…，ΦNThereby realizing the phase regulation and control of the array light beam.
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