CN113884373B - System and method for testing well completion and erosion test under field true triaxial loading condition - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a system and a method for testing a well completion and erosion test under a field true triaxial loading condition, wherein the system comprises the following components: the device comprises a fracturing pump truck, a pump truck pipeline, a throttle valve, a hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, a base, a data acquisition terminal, a true triaxial loading mechanism and a sensor detection device, wherein the throttle valve, the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, the base and the data acquisition terminal are arranged on the pump truck pipeline; the fracturing pump truck is used to provide pressurized fluid or solid phase fluid to the perforated or nozzle hard line. The true triaxial loading mechanism is used for providing triaxial loading stress; the sensor detection device is used for detecting vibration load borne by the sample in the test process and/or pressure difference of fluid at two sides of the sample, and sending a detection result to the data acquisition terminal; and the data acquisition terminal is used for evaluating jet flow and shaped charge perforation performance according to the detected result. The experimental test system can effectively restore the underground reservoir environment to perform an indoor experiment and guide underground efficient and safe drilling.

Description

Well Completion and Erosion Test System and Method under Field True Triaxial Loading Conditions

technical field

The invention relates to the field of large-scale on-site experiments of rock mechanics in petroleum engineering, in particular to a well completion and erosion test system and method under on-site true triaxial loading conditions.

Background technique

With the development of the oil and gas industry, the field of new oil and gas resources in the world is changing rapidly. From land to sea, from domestic to foreign countries, from conventional to unconventional, oil and gas drilling is shifting to deep wells, ultra-deep wells, ultra-deep wells, and marine deepwater drilling. . However, with the increase of well depth, a series of problems such as low mechanical penetration rate, long drilling cycle and high drilling cost are brought along.

High-pressure water jet-assisted rock breaking, energy-focused perforation completion and hydraulic sandblasting perforation completion, and hydraulic fracturing stimulation measures are especially important for efficient and safe reservoir drilling. However, in the actual construction process on site, when the construction parameters or the combination of pipe strings do not meet the formation conditions, it may be necessary to re-lift the drill string, replace the pipe string, and lower the drill string. In severe cases, even more complex downhole complex accidents may occur , greatly prolonging the oil and gas development cycle.

Therefore, effectively restoring the underground reservoir environment to carry out indoor experiments, guiding the construction parameters of downhole tests, optimizing the combination of test strings, shortening the development cycle of oil and natural gas, and saving production costs are technical problems that need to be solved urgently in the oil field.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for well completion and erosion test under the condition of true triaxial loading, combined with on-site fracturing pump truck, triaxial loading platform and sensor detection device. Conduct multi-functional tests, which are suitable for on-site concentrated energy perforation completion, hydraulic sandblasting perforation, fracturing completion, acrylic block visual fracturing, rock erosion and other operations, which can provide guidance for downhole experiments and effectively shorten oil production. With natural gas development cycle, save production cost.

To achieve the above object, the present invention takes the following technical solutions:

In the first aspect, a test system for well completion and erosion tests under true triaxial loading conditions on site, including:

Fracturing pump truck, pump truck pipeline and throttle valve installed on the pump truck pipeline, hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, base, data acquisition terminal, true triaxial loading mechanism and sensor detection installed on the base device;

One end of the fracturing pump truck is connected to one end of the pipeline of the pump truck, and the other end of the pipeline of the pump truck is connected to the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, and the fracturing pump truck is used for Or the hard pipeline of the nozzle provides fluid under pressure or fluid with solid phase;

The true three-axis loading mechanism includes an X-axis loading mechanism, a Y-axis loading mechanism, and a Z-axis loading mechanism, and the upper surface of the X-axis loading mechanism, the Y-axis loading mechanism, and the Z-axis loading mechanism is formed for placing Stress loading chamber of the test bench for the sample;

The hard pipeline with perforations or nozzles is used to spray the pressurized fluid or solid phase fluid on the sample to form perforation, fracturing or erosion;

The sensor detection device is used to detect the vibration load suffered by the sample during the test and/or the pressure difference of the fluid on both sides of the sample, and send the detection result to the data collection terminal;

The data collection terminal is electrically connected to the sensor detection device, and is used to display the detection result.

Further, the X-axis loading mechanism includes a left loading mechanism and a right loading mechanism, the Y-axis loading mechanism includes a front loading mechanism and a rear loading mechanism, and the Z-axis loading mechanism includes a top loading mechanism;

The left loading mechanism includes a left loading column and at least one left rotating screw screw connected to the left loading column; the right loading mechanism includes a right loading column and is screwed to the right loading column at least one right side rotating screw; the top loading mechanism includes a top loading beam and at least one top rotating screw screw-connected with the top loading beam, and the top loading beam is connected to the opposite left loading column and right loading column The front loading mechanism includes a front loading column and at least one front rotating screw threadedly connected with the front loading column, and the rear loading mechanism includes a rear loading column and a screw threaded with the rear loading column at least one rear rotating screw attached;

The ends of the rotating screws on the same side are connected by the metal plate.

Further, the base includes a top plate and a bottom plate arranged in parallel, the left loading column and the right loading column are fixedly installed on the bottom plate, the top passes through the upper surface of the top plate, and the left loading column 1. Welding between the right loading column and the top plate, the left and right sides of the front loading column and the rear loading column are detachably connected to the left loading column and the right loading column on both sides; Hard pipeline positioning piles are also installed on the base, and the hard pipeline positioning piles include a plurality of hard pipeline positioning piles, which are respectively located on the left and right sides of the sample, and are used to support the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles. The hard pipeline with holes or nozzles is used to provide passages for the pressurized fluid or solid-phase fluid and spray the pressurized fluid or solid-phase fluid onto the sample.

Further, a jet erosion nozzle is installed at the position facing the sample on the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, which is used to spray pressurized fluid or solid-phase fluid on the sample to form an erosion Or jet sandblasting perforation test.

Further, the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles is provided with holes at the position facing the sample, and the two sides of the hard pipeline channel are sealed with sealing rings, thereby sealing the annular space between the hard pipeline with holes and the circular channel. In the region, water flows through the perforations into the perforations of the sample for hydraulic fracturing tests.

Further, a perforating device is installed on the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, and the perforating device includes a perforating gun and a shaped charge installed in the perforating gun, and the perforating charge is used for Focused perforation was performed on the sample.

Further, the sensor detection device includes an acceleration sensor in three directions and two pressure sensors, the acceleration sensor is fixedly installed on the metal plate or the outer surface of the sample, and the acceleration in three directions The sensors are respectively used to detect the vibration load of the sample along the X, Y and Z axis directions, and send the detection results to the data detection terminal, and the data collection terminal calculates and evaluates the jet flow and energy-concentrated perforation according to the detection results elastic energy;

The two pressure sensors are installed at intervals in the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, and are respectively located on both sides of the sample, and are used to detect the pressure on both sides of the sample in the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, and will detect The results are sent to the data collection terminal, and the data collection terminal calculates the pressure difference according to the pressure on both sides, and evaluates the jet performance according to the pressure difference.

Further, the sensor detection device also includes a load sensor positioning pile and a load sensor, the sensor positioning pile is fixedly installed on the base, and is located on the side where the pressurized fluid of the sample flows out, and the load The sensor is installed on the load sensor positioning pile, and a nozzle is installed on the position of the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles facing the load sensor, and the nozzle sprays the pressurized fluid in the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles on the On the load sensor, the jet performance of erosion is detected in the full time domain before, during and after the test, and the detection result is sent to the data collection terminal, which calculates according to the impact force of the load and evaluate jet performance.

In the second aspect, a test method for well completion and erosion test under on-site true triaxial loading conditions based on the system is used to simulate the experimental test of sandblasting and perforation performance under on-site true triaxial loading conditions. The test method includes :

Prepare a rock sample and drill a circular passage in the middle of the rock sample, and put the rock sample into the stress loading chamber of the test bench;

Put the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles into the circular passage, adjust the hard pipeline positioning pile and keep the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles coaxial with the circular passage of the rock sample;

Rotate the rotating screw in the directions of X, Y and Z axes to load, push the metal plate to move axially, squeeze the rock sample evenly, and observe the acceleration sensors in the three directions at the same time, so that the loading force can reach the maximum and minimum level of the main underground. Stress and overburden pressure conditions;

Turn on the pump, keep the displacement stable and add perforating sand, start the hydraulic sandblasting and perforating operation, and record the data of the acceleration sensor and the pressure sensor in the whole process;

The rock was taken out and destroyed, the fracture morphology was observed, and the completion performance of hydraulic sandblasting and fracturing was evaluated.

In the third aspect, a well completion and erosion test method under on-site true triaxial loading conditions based on the system is used to simulate the experimental test of energy-concentrated perforation performance under on-site true triaxial loading conditions. The test method includes :

Disconnect the throttle valve and remove the perforated or nozzled hard line at the same time;

Prepare the rock sample, and drill a circular channel in the middle of the rock sample, run it into the casing, inject concrete, and wait for it to set;

After the concrete is completely solidified, put it into the stress loading chamber of the test bench;

Put the perforating gun into the hard pipeline positioning pile, and keep the coaxial line between the perforating gun and the circular channel of the rock sample;

placing a perforating charge into the perforating gun;

Rotate the rotating screw in the X, Y and Z axis directions to load, push the metal plate to move axially, squeeze the rock sample evenly, and observe the acceleration sensors in three directions at the same time to achieve the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress and overlying underground Formation pressure conditions;

Ignition, while recording the acceleration sensor data during the whole process, to evaluate the performance of the shaped perforator and the completion effect of casing perforation.

In the fourth aspect, a test method for well completion and erosion test under on-site true triaxial loading conditions based on the system is used to simulate the test and test of jet erosion performance under on-site true triaxial loading conditions. The test method includes:

preparing a rock sample, and placing the rock sample into the stress loading chamber of the test bench and fixing it;

Put the perforated or nozzle hard pipeline, and keep the perforated or nozzle hard pipeline on one side of the rock sample;

Rotate the rotating screw in the direction of X, Y and Z axes to load, push the metal plate to move axially, squeeze the rock evenly, and observe the acceleration sensors in the three directions at the same time, so as to achieve the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress of the underground and the test of the overlying rock layer. sample pressure conditions;

Turn on the pump, start the erosive jet operation with stable displacement or variable displacement, and record the data of acceleration sensor, pressure sensor and load sensor in the whole process;

After the operation is completed, the rock sample is taken out and destroyed, and the fracture shape is observed to evaluate the erosion jet performance.

In the fifth aspect, a test method for well completion and erosion test under on-site true triaxial loading conditions based on the system is used to simulate the test and test of hydraulic fracturing completion performance under on-site true triaxial loading conditions. The test method include:

Prepare a rock sample, and drill a circular passage in the middle of the rock sample, and put the rock sample into the stress loading chamber of the test bench;

Put the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles into the circular passage, and keep the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles coaxial with the circular passage of the rock sample, and seal the two sides of the circular passage an annular seal, thereby sealing the annulus area between said perforated or nozzled hard line and said circular channel;

Rotate the rotating screw in the direction of X, Y and Z axes to load, push the metal plate to move axially, squeeze the rock evenly, and observe the acceleration sensors in three directions at the same time, so as to achieve the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress underground and the pressure of the overlying strata condition;

Add tracer to the liquid in the fracturing pump truck, turn on the pump, start the fracturing operation with a stable or variable displacement, and record the data of the acceleration sensor and pressure sensor throughout the process;

After the operation is completed, the rock sample is taken out and destroyed, the fracture shape is observed, and the hydraulic fracturing completion performance is evaluated.

The present invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical scheme:

1. The test system for well completion and erosion test under on-site true triaxial loading conditions provided by the present invention can perform multifunctional tests in combination with on-site fracturing pump trucks, triaxial loading platforms and sensor detection devices, and is suitable for testing on-site concentrated energy jets. Hole completion, sandblasting perforation, fracturing completion, acrylic block visual fracturing, rock erosion and other operations can provide guidance for downhole experiments, effectively shorten the oil and gas development cycle, and save production costs.

2. The test system provided by the present invention can test the cooperation between coiled tubing and drill pipe of different specifications, and can conduct indoor tests of different drilling fluid jets, fracturing fluids, abrasive jet performance, etc., and different test piece sizes, and explore different jet pipeline structures. Fracturing, erosion, perforation and other construction conditions of fracture propagation law and jet performance, under different pumping pressure conditions before and after operation in the wellbore pressure difference change law. Combined with data acquisition devices such as pressure, load, and acceleration, it can effectively quantitatively analyze and evaluate the construction effects of perforation, erosion, and fracturing.

3. The present invention uses a fracturing pump truck for pressurization. The displacement can be selected from 0.15-1.45m ³ /min, generally preferably 0.20-0.35m ³ /min. The selected pump truck can completely fit the displacement scale on site. In addition, the present invention provides a three-axis rock loading platform through screw mechanical helical loading, which can fully meet the original ground stress conditions of downhole reservoir rocks.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of well completion and erosion test testing system under the condition of true triaxial loading on site provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of removing the fracturing pump truck and the pipeline of the fracturing pump truck in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the bottom view of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is the top view of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view along A-A in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a flow chart of the steps of the completion and erosion test test system used for the sandblasting and perforation test under the condition of true triaxial loading on site;

Explanation of reference signs:

1-base, 2-true triaxial loading mechanism, 3-sensor detection device, 4-data acquisition terminal, 5-fracturing pump truck, 6-pump truck pipeline, 7-throttle valve, 8-rock sample, 9 -Hard pipeline positioning pile, 10-Hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, 101-Perforating gun, 102-Sealing ring, 11-Top plate, 12-Bottom plate, 13-Reduced diameter hole, 21-Left loading mechanism, 22-Right Side loading mechanism, 23-front side loading mechanism, 24-rear side loading mechanism, 25-top loading mechanism, 26-load sensor positioning pile, 31-acceleration sensor, 32-pressure sensor, 33-load sensor.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer" and the like are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for It is convenient to describe the present invention and simplify the description, but does not indicate or imply that the system or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the above-mentioned components. importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it may be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.

The test system provided by the invention promotes the development and progress of technologies such as pulse jet, on-site energy-gathering perforation, jet jet perforation, and on-site fracturing to a certain extent; The technical guidance of well completion experiments and the optimization of construction parameters can effectively shorten the oil and gas drilling and completion cycle and save production costs.

Example 1

As shown in FIG. 1 , Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a well completion and erosion test system under on-site true triaxial loading conditions, which is used to simulate the experimental testing of sandblasting and perforation performance under on-site true triaxial loading conditions. The test system includes: a fracturing pump truck 5, a pump truck pipeline 6, a throttle valve 7 installed on the pump truck pipeline 6, a base 1, a data collection terminal 4, and a real Three-axis loading mechanism 2 , hard pipeline positioning pile 9 , hard pipeline with holes or nozzles 10 and sensor detection device 3 .

As shown in Figure 2, one end of the fracturing pump truck 5 is connected to one end of the pump truck pipeline 6, and the other end of the pump truck pipeline 6 is connected to the hard pipeline 10 with holes or nozzles. The split pump truck 5 is used to provide the sand-water mixture for the hard pipeline 10 with perforations or nozzles, and the sand-water mixture is used for perforation. The true three-axis loading mechanism includes an X-axis loading mechanism, a Y-axis loading mechanism and a Z-axis loading mechanism. The X-axis loading mechanism includes a left loading mechanism 21 and a right loading mechanism 22, the Y-axis loading mechanism includes a front loading mechanism 23 and a rear loading mechanism 24, and the Z-axis loading mechanism includes a top loading mechanism 25, A test bench stress loading chamber for placing samples is formed between the left side loading mechanism 21, the right side loading mechanism 22, the front side loading mechanism 23, the rear side loading mechanism 24, the top loading mechanism 25 and the upper surface of the base 1 .

The left loading mechanism 21 includes a left loading column 211 and at least one left rotating screw 212 screwed to the left loading column 211; the right loading mechanism 22 includes a right loading column 221 and the At least one right side rotating screw 222 screwed to the right side loading column 221; the top loading mechanism 25 includes a top loading column 251 and at least one top rotating screw 252 screwed to the top loading column 251, the front loading The mechanism 23 includes a front loading column 231 and at least one front rotating screw 232 screwed with the front loading column 231 , and the rear loading mechanism 24 includes a rear loading column 241 and a rear loading column 241 . At least one rear rotary screw 242 of helical connection.

As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , the base 1 includes a top plate 11 and a bottom plate 12 arranged in parallel up and down, and the left loading column 211 and the right loading column 221 are fixedly installed on the bottom plate 12 through the reduced diameter hole 13 Above, the top passes through the upper surface of the top plate 11, and the left loading column 211, the right loading column 221 are welded and fixedly connected to the top plate 11, thereby enhancing the torque resistance of the loading column.

In order to place the rock sample 8 conveniently, both sides of the front loading column 231 and the rear loading column 241 are detachably connected to the left loading column 211 and the right loading column 221 respectively. When placing the sample, the front or rear loading column is first removed, the sample is placed in the stress loading chamber, and the front or rear loading column is connected with the left loading column 211 and the right loading column 221 fixed.

In order to load the rock sample 8 evenly, the ends of the rotating screws on the same side are connected by a metal plate (not shown in the figure).

The hard pipeline positioning pile 9 includes three, wherein one of the hard pipeline positioning piles 9 is located on the left side of the rock sample 8, and the other two hard pipeline positioning piles 9 are located on the right side of the rock sample 8. On the side, the three hard pipeline positioning piles 8 are used to support the hard pipeline 10 with holes or nozzles.

One end of the perforated or nozzle hard pipeline 10 is connected to the pump truck pipeline 6, and the other end passes through the circular through hole provided on the rock sample 8, and the perforated or nozzle hard pipeline 10 is facing One side of the rock sample 8 is also provided with a sandblasting and perforating nozzle, which is used for sandblasting and perforating the rock.

The sensor detection device also includes an acceleration sensor 31 in three directions and two pressure sensors 32, and the acceleration sensors 31 in the three directions are respectively used to detect the vibration load of the rock sample 8 along the X, Y and Z axis directions. The three acceleration sensors 31 can be respectively installed on metal plates in three directions or on the surface of the sample 8 .

The two pressure sensors 32 are installed at intervals in the hard pipeline 10 with holes or nozzles, and the two pressure sensors 32 are respectively located on both sides of the rock sample 8 for detecting the pressure on both sides of the rock sample 8 , and send the detection result to the data collection terminal 4 . The data acquisition terminal 4 judges the pressure loss of the pressurized fluid before and after construction according to the pressure difference on both sides, so as to quantitatively evaluate and analyze the effects of fracturing and jet perforation.

In conjunction with Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and shown in Fig. 6, the test method based on described experimental test system is:

1. First prepare the rock sample 8, drill a circular channel in the middle of the rock sample 8, and put the rock sample 8 into the stress loading chamber of the test bench;

2. Put the hard pipeline 10 with holes or nozzles into the circular passage, adjust the hard pipeline positioning pile 9 and keep the hard pipeline 10 with holes or nozzles coaxial with the circular passage of the rock sample 8;

3. The rotating screw rotates and loads, pushes the metal plate to move axially, squeezes the rock sample 8 evenly, and observes the acceleration sensor 31 in three directions at the same time to achieve the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress and pressure conditions of the overlying strata underground;

4. Turn on the pump, keep the displacement stable and add perforating sand. The stable sand ratio is within an appropriate range, start the hydraulic sandblasting and perforating operation, and record the data of the acceleration sensor 31 and the pressure sensor 32 during the whole process;

5. After the operation is completed, take out the rock for mechanical or physical destruction, observe its fracture shape, and evaluate the completion performance of hydraulic sandblasting and fracturing.

Example 2

Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a well completion and erosion test system under on-site true triaxial loading conditions, which is used to simulate the test and test of hydraulic fracturing completion performance under on-site true triaxial loading conditions. The difference from the above-mentioned embodiment 1 is that the hard pipeline 10 with holes or nozzles is provided with fracturing holes towards the position of the rock sample 8, and the test method based on the test test system is:

1. First prepare the rock sample 8, drill a circular channel in the middle of the rock sample 8, and put the rock sample 8 into the stress loading chamber of the sample table;

2. Put the hard pipeline 10 with holes or nozzles into the circular channel, and keep the hard pipeline 10 with holes or nozzles coaxial with the circular channel of the rock sample 8, and seal the two sides of the channel with sealing rings 102, and then seal Hard pipeline 10 with perforations or nozzles and circular channel annulus area;

3. The rotating screw rotates and loads, pushes the metal plate to move axially, squeezes the rock evenly, and observes the acceleration sensor 31 in three directions at the same time to achieve the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress and the pressure condition of the overlying strata underground;

4. When the liquid in the fracturing pump is added, red ink or blue ink can be added as a tracer, the pump is turned on, and the fracturing operation starts with a stable or variable displacement, and records the data of the acceleration sensor 31 and pressure sensor 32 throughout the process;

5. After the operation is completed, take out the rock sample 8 for mechanical or physical destruction, observe its fracture shape, and evaluate the completion performance of hydraulic fracturing.

In order to facilitate observation, an alternative method is used. In the method, for example, the rock sample 8 is replaced by an acrylic block, which can facilitate visual monitoring of fracture initiation and expansion, and three-dimensional analysis of the three-dimensional shape and occurrence of hydraulic fractures.

Example 3

Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a well completion and erosion test system under the condition of true triaxial loading on site, which is used to simulate the test and test of jet erosion performance under the condition of true triaxial loading on site. The position of the pipeline 10 facing the rock sample 8 is provided with an erosion nozzle, and it should be noted that the erosion nozzle may be the same as the sandblasting and perforation nozzle. The difference between this embodiment 3 and embodiment 1 is that the sensor detection device also includes a load sensor positioning pile 26 and a load sensor 33, and the load sensor 33 is installed on the load sensor positioning pile 26, and the belt hole Or a jet nozzle is installed at the position facing the load sensor 33 on the nozzle hard pipeline 10, and the jet nozzle sprays the pressurized fluid in the hole or nozzle hard pipeline 10 on the load sensor 33, and then detects For the jet performance of erosion, the hard pipeline 10 with holes or nozzles is equipped with an erosion nozzle on the side facing the sample, which is used to spray the pressurized fluid on the sample. In addition, the rock sample in the present invention only needs half of the rock sample in Example 1, and there is no need to drill a circular channel in the rock test. The test method based on the test test system is:

1. First prepare the rock sample 8. The rock size of this type of experiment can only be half of the above-mentioned core, and the rock size ranges from 200mm×200mm×200mm to 300mm×300mm×300mm. In addition, this type of experiment does not need to drill in the middle of the rock Take out the circular channel;

2. Put the rock sample 8 into the stress loading chamber of the test bench and fix it;

3. Put the hard pipeline 10 with holes or nozzles, and keep the hard pipeline 10 with holes or nozzles on one side of the rock sample 8;

4. The rotating screw rotates and loads, pushes the metal plate to move axially, squeezes the rock evenly, and observes the acceleration sensors 31 in three directions at the same time, to achieve the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress underground and the pressure condition of the overlying rock sample 8;

5. Turn on the pump, start the erosive jet operation with a stable or variable displacement, and record the data of the acceleration sensor 31 and the load sensor 33 throughout the process;

6. After the operation is completed, take out the rock sample 8 for mechanical or physical destruction, observe its crack shape, and evaluate the erosion jet performance.

As an alternative, the method, such as replacing the rock with an acrylic block, can facilitate visual monitoring of fracture initiation and expansion, and three-dimensional analysis of the three-dimensional shape and occurrence of hydraulic fractures.

Example 4

Embodiment 4 of the present invention provides a well completion and erosion test system under on-site true triaxial loading conditions, which is used to simulate the experimental test of energy-sharpening perforation performance under on-site true triaxial loading conditions, which is the same as that in Embodiment 1. The difference is that the experimental testing system also includes a perforating device (not shown in the figure) installed on the hard pipeline 10 with perforations or nozzles, and this embodiment 4 does not need to provide fluid, so close the throttle valve during the test. The perforating device includes a perforating gun 101 and shaped charges installed in the perforating gun 101 . The test method based on the test test system comprises steps:

1. First prepare the rock sample 8, and drill a circular channel in the middle of the rock sample 8, run it into the casing, inject concrete, and wait for it to set;

2. After the concrete is completely solidified, put it into the stress loading chamber of the test bench;

3. Put the perforating gun 101 into the hard pipeline positioning pile, close the column fastener, and keep the coaxial line between the perforating gun 101 and the circular channel of the rock sample 8;

Each group on the perforating gun 101 can be set to 1 to 12 shaped charges, depending on the perforation phase angle. For example, if the perforation phase angle is 60°, two adjacent shaped charges The angle between them is 60°, so each group can be equipped with 6 shaped charges, the axial distance between adjacent shaped charges is L, and the number of shaped charges can be determined by the following formula (1):

N＝360°/θ

Where N represents the number of shaped charges, and θ represents the phase angle.

4. The rotating screw rotates and loads, pushes the metal plate to move axially, squeezes the rock sample 8 evenly, and observes the acceleration sensors 31 in three directions at the same time to achieve the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress and pressure conditions of the overlying strata underground;

5. Ignite, and record the data of the acceleration sensor 31 during the whole process at the same time, and evaluate the performance of the energy-shaping perforator and the completion effect of casing perforation.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it can still be Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent replacements are made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A test system for well completion and erosion test under true triaxial loading conditions on site, characterized in that it comprises: Fracturing pump truck, pump truck pipeline and throttle valve installed on the pump truck pipeline, hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, base, data acquisition terminal, true triaxial loading mechanism and sensor detection installed on the base device, the displacement of the fracturing pump truck is 0.15m ³ /min to 1.45m ³ /min; One end of the fracturing pump truck is connected to one end of the pipeline of the pump truck, and the other end of the pipeline of the pump truck is connected to the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, and the fracturing pump truck is used for Or the hard pipeline of the nozzle provides fluid under pressure or fluid with solid phase; The true three-axis loading mechanism includes an X-axis loading mechanism, a Y-axis loading mechanism, and a Z-axis loading mechanism, and the upper surface of the X-axis loading mechanism, the Y-axis loading mechanism, and the Z-axis loading mechanism is formed for placing Stress loading chamber of the test bench for the sample; The hard pipeline with perforations or nozzles is used to spray the pressurized fluid or solid phase fluid on the sample to form perforation, fracturing or erosion; The sensor detection device is used to detect the vibration load suffered by the sample during the test and/or the pressure difference of the fluid on both sides of the sample, and send the detection result to the data collection terminal; The data acquisition terminal is electrically connected to the sensor detection device for displaying the detection result; the X-axis loading mechanism includes a left loading mechanism and a right loading mechanism, and the Y-axis loading mechanism includes a front loading mechanism. mechanism and a rear side loading mechanism, said Z-axis loading mechanism including a top loading mechanism; The left loading mechanism includes a left loading column and at least one left rotating screw screw connected to the left loading column; the right loading mechanism includes a right loading column and is screwed to the right loading column at least one right side rotating screw; the top loading mechanism includes a top loading beam and at least one top rotating screw screw-connected with the top loading beam, and the top loading beam is connected to the opposite left loading column and right loading column The front side loading mechanism includes a front loading column and at least one front rotating screw threadedly connected with the front loading column, and the rear side loading mechanism includes a rear loading column and a screw threaded with the rear loading column at least one rear rotating screw attached; The ends of the rotating screws on the same side are connected by a metal plate; The sensor detection device includes acceleration sensors in three directions and two pressure sensors, the acceleration sensors are fixedly installed on the metal plate or the outer surface of the sample, and the acceleration sensors in the three directions are respectively used To detect the vibration load of the sample along the X, Y and Z axis directions, and send the detection result to the data detection terminal, and the data collection terminal calculates and evaluates the performance of jet flow and energy-shaping perforator according to the detection result; The two pressure sensors are installed at intervals in the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, and are respectively located on both sides of the sample, and are used to detect the pressure on both sides of the sample in the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, and will detect The results are sent to the data collection terminal, and the data collection terminal calculates the pressure difference according to the pressure on both sides, and evaluates the jet performance according to the pressure difference; The sensor detection device also includes a load sensor positioning pile and a load sensor, the sensor positioning pile is fixedly installed on the base, and is located on the side where the pressurized fluid of the sample flows out, and the load sensor is installed on the On the load sensor positioning pile, a nozzle is installed on the position of the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles facing the load sensor, and the nozzle sprays the pressurized fluid in the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles on the load The sensor is used to detect the jet performance of erosion in the full time domain before, during and after the test, and send the detection results to the data acquisition terminal, which calculates and evaluates the jet flow according to the impact force of the load performance. 2. The well completion and erosion test system under on-site true triaxial loading conditions according to claim 1, wherein the base includes a top plate and a bottom plate arranged in parallel, and the left side loading column and the right side loading column The uprights are all fixedly installed on the bottom plate, the top passes through the upper surface of the top plate, the left loading upright, the right loading upright are welded to the top plate, the front loading upright, the rear loading upright The left and right sides of the base are detachably connected to the left loading column and the right loading column on both sides; hard pipeline positioning piles are also installed on the base, and the hard pipeline positioning piles include a plurality of The hard pipeline positioning piles are respectively located on the left and right sides of the sample, and are used to support the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles. The hard pipeline with holes or nozzles is used to provide passages for the fluid under pressure or the fluid with solid phase. A fluid under pressure or a fluid with a solid phase is sprayed onto the sample. 3. The test system for well completion and erosion test under the condition of true triaxial loading on site according to claim 1, characterized in that, the position of the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles facing the sample is equipped with a jet flushing machine. Erosion nozzles are used to spray pressurized fluid or solid-phase fluid on the sample to form erosion or jet sandblasting perforation tests. 4. The well completion and erosion test testing system under on-site true triaxial loading conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, holes are provided at the position facing the sample on the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, Both sides of the hard pipeline channel are sealed with sealing rings, thereby sealing the annular area between the perforated hard pipeline and the circular channel, and water flows through the holes into the perforations of the sample for hydraulic fracturing tests. 5. The field completion and erosion test system under true triaxial loading conditions according to claim 1, wherein a perforating device is installed on the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, and the perforating device includes A perforating gun and a shaped energy perforating charge installed in the perforating gun, the perforating charge is used to perform shaped energy perforation on the sample. 6. a well completion and erosion test method based on the on-site true triaxial loading condition of the system as claimed in claim 1, for simulating the experimental test of sandblasting and perforation performance under the on-site true triaxial loading condition, its features That is, the test method includes: Prepare a rock sample and drill a circular passage in the middle of the rock sample, and put the rock sample into the stress loading chamber of the test bench; Put the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles into the circular passage, adjust the hard pipeline positioning pile and keep the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles coaxial with the circular passage of the rock sample; Rotate the rotating screw in the directions of X, Y and Z axes to load, push the metal plate to move axially, squeeze the rock sample evenly, and observe the acceleration sensors in the three directions at the same time, so that the loading force can reach the maximum and minimum level of the main underground. Stress and overburden pressure conditions; Turn on the pump, keep the displacement stable and add perforating sand, start the hydraulic sandblasting and perforating operation, and record the data of the acceleration sensor and the pressure sensor in the whole process; The rock was taken out and destroyed, the fracture morphology was observed, and the completion performance of hydraulic sandblasting and fracturing was evaluated. 7. A well completion and erosion test method based on the on-site true triaxial loading condition of the system as claimed in claim 1, for simulating the experimental test of energy-gathering perforation performance under the on-site true triaxial loading condition, its features That is, the test method includes: Disconnect the throttle valve and remove the perforated or nozzled hard line at the same time; Prepare the rock sample, and drill a circular channel in the middle of the rock sample, run it into the casing, inject concrete, and wait for it to set; After the concrete is completely solidified, put it into the stress loading chamber of the test bench; Put the perforating gun into the hard pipeline positioning pile, and keep the coaxial line between the perforating gun and the circular channel of the rock sample; placing a perforating charge into the perforating gun; Rotate the rotating screw in the X, Y and Z axis directions to load, push the metal plate to move axially, squeeze the rock sample evenly, and observe the acceleration sensors in three directions at the same time to achieve the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress and overlying underground Formation pressure conditions; Ignition, while recording the acceleration sensor data during the whole process, to evaluate the performance of the shaped perforator and the completion effect of casing perforation. 8. a well completion and erosion test method based on the on-site true triaxial loading condition of the system as claimed in claim 1, for simulating the experimental test of jet erosion performance under the on-site true triaxial loading condition, it is characterized in that , the test method includes: preparing a rock sample, and placing the rock sample into the stress loading chamber of the test bench and fixing it; Put the perforated or nozzle hard pipeline, and keep the perforated or nozzle hard pipeline on one side of the rock sample; Rotate the rotating screw in the direction of X, Y and Z axes to load, push the metal plate to move axially, squeeze the rock evenly, and observe the acceleration sensors in the three directions at the same time, so as to achieve the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress of the underground and the test of the overlying rock layer. sample pressure conditions; Turn on the pump, start the erosive jet operation with stable displacement or variable displacement, and record the data of acceleration sensor, pressure sensor and load sensor in the whole process; After the operation is completed, the rock sample is taken out and destroyed, and the fracture shape is observed to evaluate the erosion jet performance. 9. a well completion and erosion test method based on the on-site true triaxial loading condition of the system as claimed in claim 1, for simulating the test test of hydraulic fracturing completion performance under the on-site true triaxial loading condition, which Characteristically, the test method includes: Prepare a rock sample, and drill a circular passage in the middle of the rock sample, and put the rock sample into the stress loading chamber of the test bench; Put the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles into the circular passage, and keep the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles coaxial with the circular passage of the rock sample, and seal the two sides of the circular passage an annular seal, thereby sealing the annulus area between said perforated or nozzled hard line and said circular channel; Rotate the rotating screw in the direction of X, Y and Z axes to load, push the metal plate to move axially, squeeze the rock evenly, and observe the acceleration sensors in three directions at the same time, so as to achieve the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress underground and the pressure of the overlying strata condition; Add tracer to the liquid in the fracturing pump truck, turn on the pump, start the fracturing operation with a stable or variable displacement, and record the data of the acceleration sensor and pressure sensor throughout the process; After the operation is completed, the rock sample is taken out and destroyed, the fracture shape is observed, and the hydraulic fracturing completion performance is evaluated.

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