CN113884373B - System and method for testing well completion and erosion test under field true triaxial loading condition - Google Patents
System and method for testing well completion and erosion test under field true triaxial loading condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN113884373B CN113884373B CN202111149586.4A CN202111149586A CN113884373B CN 113884373 B CN113884373 B CN 113884373B CN 202111149586 A CN202111149586 A CN 202111149586A CN 113884373 B CN113884373 B CN 113884373B
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G01N3/567—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion by submitting the specimen to the action of a fluid or of a fluidised material, e.g. cavitation, jet abrasion
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method for testing a well completion and erosion test under a field true triaxial loading condition, wherein the system comprises the following components: the device comprises a fracturing pump truck, a pump truck pipeline, a throttle valve, a hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, a base, a data acquisition terminal, a true triaxial loading mechanism and a sensor detection device, wherein the throttle valve, the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, the base and the data acquisition terminal are arranged on the pump truck pipeline; the fracturing pump truck is used to provide pressurized fluid or solid phase fluid to the perforated or nozzle hard line. The true triaxial loading mechanism is used for providing triaxial loading stress; the sensor detection device is used for detecting vibration load borne by the sample in the test process and/or pressure difference of fluid at two sides of the sample, and sending a detection result to the data acquisition terminal; and the data acquisition terminal is used for evaluating jet flow and shaped charge perforation performance according to the detected result. The experimental test system can effectively restore the underground reservoir environment to perform an indoor experiment and guide underground efficient and safe drilling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of petroleum engineering rock mechanics field large-scale experiments, in particular to a system and a method for well completion and erosion test under a field true triaxial loading condition.
Background
With the development of oil and gas industry, the global oil and gas new resource field changes rapidly, from land to sea, from domestic to abroad, from routine to unconventional, and oil and gas drilling is shifted to deep well, ultra-deep well, ocean deep water drilling and other fields. However, as the well depth increases, a series of problems such as low mechanical drilling rate, long drilling period, high drilling cost and the like are brought along.
The high-pressure water jet assisted rock breaking, shaped perforation completion, hydraulic sand blasting perforation completion, hydraulic fracturing yield increasing measures and the like are particularly important for efficient and safe drilling of reservoirs. However, in the actual construction process on site, when construction parameters or pipe column combinations are not in accordance with stratum conditions, the drill string may need to be lifted up again, replaced and lowered down, and even more complex underground complex accidents occur in severe cases, so that the oil gas development period is greatly prolonged.
Therefore, the method effectively reduces the underground reservoir environment to carry out an indoor experiment, guides the construction parameters of the underground experiment, optimizes the combination of the experimental pipe columns, shortens the development period of petroleum and natural gas, saves the production cost, and is a technical problem to be solved in the oilfield on-site.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a system and a method for testing a well completion and erosion test under a field true triaxial loading condition, which are combined with a field fracturing pump truck, a triaxial loading platform and a sensor detection device to perform multifunctional test, are suitable for testing operations such as field shaped perforation well completion, hydraulic sand blasting perforation, fracturing well completion, acrylic block visual fracturing and rock erosion, and can provide guidance for underground experiments, effectively shorten the petroleum and natural gas development period and save the production cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, a system for testing a well completion and erosion test under in situ true triaxial loading conditions, comprising:
the device comprises a fracturing pump truck, a pump truck pipeline, a throttle valve, a hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, a base, a data acquisition terminal, a true triaxial loading mechanism and a sensor detection device, wherein the throttle valve, the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, the base and the data acquisition terminal are arranged on the pump truck pipeline;
one end of the fracturing pump truck is connected with one end of the pump truck pipeline, the other end of the pump truck pipeline is connected with the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, and the fracturing pump truck is used for providing pressurized fluid or solid-phase fluid for the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles;
the true triaxial loading mechanism comprises an X-axis loading mechanism, a Y-axis loading mechanism and a Z-axis loading mechanism, and a test bed stress loading cavity for placing a sample is formed among the X-axis loading mechanism, the Y-axis loading mechanism, the Z-axis loading mechanism and the upper surface of the base;
the perforated or nozzle hard line is used for spraying the pressurized fluid or the solid phase fluid on the sample to form perforation, fracturing or erosion;
the sensor detection device is used for detecting vibration load borne by the sample in the test process and/or pressure difference of fluid at two sides of the sample, and sending a detection result to the data acquisition terminal;
the data acquisition terminal is electrically connected with the sensor detection device and is used for displaying the detection result.
Further, the X-axis loading mechanism comprises a left loading mechanism and a right loading mechanism, the Y-axis loading mechanism comprises a front loading mechanism and a rear loading mechanism, and the Z-axis loading mechanism comprises a top loading mechanism;
the left loading mechanism comprises a left loading upright post and at least one left rotary screw rod which is in spiral connection with the left loading upright post; the right loading mechanism comprises a right loading upright post and at least one right rotary screw rod which is in spiral connection with the right loading upright post; the top loading mechanism comprises a top loading cross beam and at least one top rotating screw rod which is in spiral connection with the top loading cross beam, and the top loading cross beam is connected with a left loading stand column and a right loading stand column which are opposite; the front loading mechanism comprises a front loading upright and at least one front rotary screw rod in spiral connection with the front loading upright, and the rear loading mechanism comprises a rear loading upright and at least one rear rotary screw rod in spiral connection with the rear loading upright;
the ends of the rotating screws located on the same side are connected through the metal plates.
Further, the base comprises a top plate and a bottom plate which are arranged in parallel, the left loading stand column and the right loading stand column are fixedly arranged on the bottom plate, the top of the base penetrates through the upper surface of the top plate, the left loading stand column, the right loading stand column and the top plate are welded, and the left side and the right side of the front loading stand column and the right side of the rear loading stand column are detachably connected with the left loading stand column and the right loading stand column on the two sides respectively; the base is also provided with hard pipeline positioning piles, the hard pipeline positioning piles comprise a plurality of hard pipeline positioning piles, the hard pipeline positioning piles are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the sample and used for supporting the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, and the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles is used for providing a channel for the fluid with pressure or the fluid with solid phase and spraying the fluid with pressure or the fluid with solid phase on the sample.
Further, a jet erosion nozzle is arranged on the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles and opposite to the sample, and is used for jetting fluid with pressure or fluid with solid phase on the sample to form erosion or jet sand blasting perforation test.
Further, holes are formed in the hard pipeline with holes or the nozzle, the positions, facing the sample, of the hard pipeline are sealed through sealing rings, annular space between the hard pipeline with holes and the circular channel is sealed, and water flows through the holes to enter the perforation of the sample for hydraulic fracturing tests.
Further, the perforated or nozzle hard drive line has a perforating device mounted thereon that includes a perforating gun and shaped charges mounted within the perforating gun for performing shaped perforations on the test specimen.
Further, the sensor detection device comprises three acceleration sensors and two pressure sensors, wherein the acceleration sensors are fixedly arranged on the metal plate or the outer surface of the sample, the three acceleration sensors are respectively used for detecting vibration loads of the sample along X, Y and Z-axis directions and sending detection results to the data detection terminal, and the data acquisition terminal calculates and evaluates jet flow and shaped perforation elastic energy according to the detection results;
the two pressure sensors are installed in the hard pipeline with holes or the nozzles at intervals and are respectively positioned at two sides of the sample, and are used for detecting the pressure at two sides of the sample in the hard pipeline with holes or the nozzles, sending the detected result to the data acquisition terminal, and the data acquisition terminal calculates the pressure difference according to the pressure at two sides and evaluates the jet flow performance according to the pressure difference.
Further, the sensor detection device further comprises a load sensor positioning pile and a load sensor, wherein the sensor positioning pile is fixedly installed on the base and is positioned on one side of the sample, where the pressurized fluid flows out, the load sensor is installed on the load sensor positioning pile, a nozzle is installed on a position, opposite to the load sensor, on a hard pipeline with an eyelet or a nozzle, the pressurized fluid in the hard pipeline with the eyelet or the nozzle is sprayed on the load sensor by the nozzle, so that the jet performance of erosion is detected in full time domain before, during and after the test, and the detected result is sent to the data acquisition terminal, and the data acquisition terminal calculates and evaluates the jet performance according to the load impact force.
In a second aspect, a method for testing a well completion and erosion test under a field true triaxial loading condition based on the system is used for simulating a test of sand blasting perforation performance under the field true triaxial loading condition, and the testing method comprises the following steps:
preparing a rock sample, drilling a circular channel in the middle of the rock sample, and placing the rock sample into the stress loading cavity of the test bed;
placing the perforated or nozzle hard wire into the circular channel, adjusting a hard wire spud and maintaining the perforated or nozzle hard wire coaxial with the circular channel of the rock sample;
rotating X, Y and rotating screws in the Z-axis direction to load, pushing the metal plate to axially move, uniformly extruding the rock sample, and observing acceleration sensors in three directions at the same time so as to enable loading force to reach the conditions of underground maximum and minimum horizontal main stress and overburden pressure;
starting a pump, keeping the discharge capacity stable, adding perforation sand, starting hydraulic sand blasting perforation operation, and recording the data of the acceleration sensor and the pressure sensor in the whole course;
and taking out the rock to damage, observing the crack morphology, and evaluating the hydraulic sand blasting perforation fracturing completion performance.
In a third aspect, a testing method for testing a well completion and erosion test under a field true triaxial loading condition based on the system is used for simulating a test of shaped perforation performance under the field true triaxial loading condition, and the testing method comprises the following steps:
disconnecting the throttle valve while removing the perforated or nozzle hard line;
preparing a rock sample, drilling a circular channel in the middle of the rock sample, putting a sleeve into the circular channel, injecting concrete, and waiting for solidification;
after the concrete is completely solidified, placing the concrete into a stress loading cavity of a test bed;
placing the perforating gun into a hard pipeline positioning pile, and keeping the coaxial line of the perforating gun and the circular channel of the rock sample;
placing a perforating charge into the perforating gun;
the X, Y and Z-axis rotating screws are rotated to load, so that the metal plate is pushed to axially move, rock samples are uniformly extruded, and meanwhile acceleration sensors in three directions are observed, so that the conditions of underground maximum and minimum horizontal main stress and overburden pressure are achieved;
and (3) igniting, recording acceleration sensor data in the whole process, and evaluating the shaped charge perforation performance and the sleeve perforation completion effect.
In a fourth aspect, a method for testing a well completion and erosion test under a field true triaxial loading condition based on the system is used for simulating a test of jet erosion performance under the field true triaxial loading condition, and the method comprises the following steps:
preparing a rock sample, and placing the rock sample into the stress loading cavity of the test bed and fixing the rock sample;
placing the perforated or nozzle hard line and holding the perforated or nozzle hard line on one side of the rock sample;
the X, Y and Z-axis rotating screws are rotated to load, so that the metal plate is pushed to axially move and uniformly squeeze rock, and meanwhile, acceleration sensors in three directions are observed to achieve the conditions of maximum and minimum horizontal main stress and overlying strata sample pressure in the underground;
starting a pump, stabilizing the displacement or changing the displacement to start erosion jet operation, and recording data of an acceleration sensor, a pressure sensor and a load sensor in the whole course;
after the operation is completed, the rock sample is taken out and destroyed, the crack morphology is observed, and the erosion jet performance is evaluated.
In a fifth aspect, a method for testing a hydraulic fracturing completion performance under on-site true triaxial loading conditions based on the system includes:
preparing a rock sample, drilling a circular channel in the middle of the rock sample, and placing the rock sample into the stress loading cavity of the test bed;
placing the hard perforated or nozzle pipeline into the circular channel, and keeping the hard perforated or nozzle pipeline coaxial with the circular channel of the rock sample, wherein two sides of the circular channel are sealed by sealing rings, so that an annular area between the hard perforated or nozzle pipeline and the circular channel is sealed;
the X, Y and Z-axis rotating screws are rotated to load, so that the metal plate is pushed to axially move and uniformly squeeze rock, and meanwhile acceleration sensors in three directions are observed, so that the conditions of underground maximum and minimum horizontal main stress and overburden pressure are achieved;
adding a tracer into the liquid in the fracturing pump truck, starting the pump, stabilizing the displacement or starting the fracturing operation with variable displacement, and recording the data of an acceleration sensor and a pressure sensor in the whole process;
and after the operation is finished, taking out the rock sample for damage, observing the crack morphology of the rock sample, and evaluating the hydraulic fracturing completion performance.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the test system for the well completion and erosion test under the on-site true triaxial loading condition can be combined with an on-site fracturing pump truck, a triaxial loading platform and a sensor detection device to perform multifunctional test, is suitable for testing various operations such as on-site shaped perforation well completion, sand blasting perforation, fracturing well completion, acrylic block visual fracturing and rock erosion, and further can provide guidance for underground experiments, effectively shortens the petroleum and natural gas development period and saves the production cost.
2. The test system provided by the invention can test the cooperation of coiled tubing and drill pipes with different specifications, can perform indoor tests of different drilling fluid jet flows, fracturing fluid, abrasive jet flow performances and the like and different test piece sizes, and explores the crack expansion rules and jet flow performances under construction conditions such as different jet flow pipeline structures, fracturing, erosion, perforation and the like, and the internal pressure difference change rules of a shaft before and after operation under different pumping pressure conditions. By combining the data acquisition devices such as pressure, load and acceleration, the construction effects such as perforation, erosion and fracturing can be effectively and quantitatively analyzed and evaluated.
3. The invention adopts the fracturing pump truck to pressurize, and the discharge capacity can be selected to be 0.15-1.45m 3 Preferably 0.20 to 0.35m per minute 3 And/min, the pump truck is selected to be completely attached to the on-site displacement scale. In addition, the invention provides a rock triaxial loading platform through screw mechanical screw loading, and can completely meet the original ground stress condition of underground reservoir rock.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for testing a well completion and erosion test under field true triaxial loading according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the fracturing pump truck and the fracturing pump truck pipeline removed in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a top view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the steps of a completion and erosion test system for sand blast perforation test under in situ true triaxial loading conditions;
reference numerals illustrate:
1-base, 2-true triaxial loading mechanism, 3-sensor detection device, 4-data acquisition terminal, 5-frac pump truck, 6-pump truck pipeline, 7-throttle valve, 8-rock sample, 9-hard pipeline spud, 10-perforated or nozzle hard pipeline, 101-perforating gun, 102-sealing ring, 11-top plate, 12-bottom plate, 13-shrinkage cavity, 21-left loading mechanism, 22-right loading mechanism, 23-front loading mechanism, 24-rear loading mechanism, 25-top loading mechanism, 26-load sensor spud, 31-acceleration sensor, 32-pressure sensor, 33-load sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the azimuth or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the system or element referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Moreover, the use of the terms first, second, etc. to define elements is merely for convenience in distinguishing the elements from each other, and the terms are not specifically meant to indicate or imply relative importance unless otherwise indicated.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The test system provided by the invention promotes the development and progress of technologies such as pulse jet, on-site shaped perforation, jet perforation, on-site fracturing and the like to a certain extent; the method also provides technical guidance and construction parameter optimization of drilling and completion experiments for complex stratum and complex well conditions of deep wells, ultra-deep wells and the like, effectively shortens the drilling and completion period of petroleum and natural gas, and saves production cost.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a system for testing completion and erosion tests under field true triaxial loading conditions for simulating the test of abrasive blasted perforating performance under field true triaxial loading conditions. The trial testing system comprises: the device comprises a fracturing pump truck 5, a pump truck pipeline 6, a throttle valve 7 arranged on the pump truck pipeline 6, a base 1, a data acquisition terminal 4, a true triaxial loading mechanism 2 arranged on the base 1, a hard pipeline positioning pile 9, a hard pipeline 10 with holes or nozzles and a sensor detection device 3.
As shown in fig. 2, one end of the fracturing pump truck 5 is connected with one end of the pump truck pipeline 6, the other end of the pump truck pipeline 6 is connected with the perforated or nozzle hard drive pipeline 10, and the fracturing pump truck 5 is used for providing a sand-water mixture for the perforated or nozzle hard drive pipeline 10, wherein the sand-water mixture is used for perforation. The true triaxial loading mechanism comprises an X-axis loading mechanism, a Y-axis loading mechanism and a Z-axis loading mechanism. The X-axis loading mechanism comprises a left side loading mechanism 21 and a right side loading mechanism 22, the Y-axis loading mechanism comprises a front side loading mechanism 23 and a rear side loading mechanism 24, the Z-axis loading mechanism comprises a top loading mechanism 25, and a test bed stress loading cavity for placing a sample is formed among the left side loading mechanism 21, the right side loading mechanism 22, the front side loading mechanism 23, the rear side loading mechanism 24, the top loading mechanism 25 and the upper surface of the base 1.
The left loading mechanism 21 comprises a left loading upright 211 and at least one left rotary screw 212 spirally connected with the left loading upright 211; the right loading mechanism 22 includes a right loading column 221 and at least one right rotating screw 222 screw-connected to the right loading column 221; the top loading mechanism 25 includes a top loading column 251 and at least one top rotating screw 252 in screw connection with the top loading column 251, the front loading mechanism 23 includes a front loading column 231 and at least one front rotating screw 232 in screw connection with the front loading column 231, and the rear loading mechanism 24 includes a rear loading column 241 and at least one rear rotating screw 242 in screw connection with the rear loading column 241.
Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the base 1 includes a top plate 11 and a bottom plate 12 that are disposed in parallel, the left loading upright 211 and the right loading upright 221 are fixedly mounted on the bottom plate 12 through the reducing holes 13, the top portion passes through the upper surface of the top plate 11, and the left loading upright 211, the right loading upright 221 and the top plate 11 are fixedly connected by welding, so that the torque resistance of the loading upright is enhanced.
In order to facilitate the placement of the rock sample 8, both sides of the front loading column 231 and the rear loading column 241 are detachably connected to the left loading column 211 and the right loading column 221, respectively. When placing the sample, the front or rear loading column is removed, the sample is placed in the stress loading cavity, and the front or rear loading column is fixed with the left loading column 211 and the right loading column 221.
In order to be able to load the rock sample 8 evenly, the ends of the rotating screws located on the same side are connected by means of a metal plate (not shown in the figures).
The hard pipeline spud 9 comprises three, one of the hard pipeline spuds 9 being located on the left side of the rock sample 8, the other two hard pipeline spuds 9 being located on the right side of the rock sample 8, the three hard pipeline spuds 8 being used for supporting the perforated or nozzle hard pipeline 10.
One end of the hard pipeline 10 with holes or nozzles is connected with the pump truck pipeline 6, the other end of the hard pipeline 10 with holes or nozzles penetrates through a circular through hole formed in the rock sample 8, and a sand blasting perforating nozzle is further arranged on one side, opposite to the rock sample 8, of the hard pipeline 10 with holes or nozzles and used for sand blasting perforation of the rock.
The sensor detection device further comprises three acceleration sensors 31 and two pressure sensors 32, wherein the acceleration sensors 31 are used for detecting vibration loads of the rock sample 8 along the X, Y and Z-axis directions respectively. The three acceleration sensors 31 may be mounted on the metal plate in three directions or the surface of the sample 8, respectively.
Two pressure sensors 32 are installed in the hard pipeline 10 with holes or nozzles at intervals, and the two pressure sensors 32 are respectively located at two sides of the rock sample 8 and are used for detecting the pressures at two sides of the rock sample 8 and sending the detection results to the data acquisition terminal 4. The data acquisition terminal 4 judges the pressure loss of the fluid with pressure before and after construction according to the pressure difference value of the two sides, so as to quantitatively evaluate and analyze the quality of the fracturing, jet perforation and the like.
As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, the test method based on the test system comprises the following steps:
1. firstly, preparing a rock sample 8, drilling a circular channel in the middle of the rock sample 8, and placing the rock sample 8 into a stress loading cavity of a test bed;
2. placing a hard perforated or nozzle line 10 into the circular channel, adjusting the hard line spud 9 and keeping the hard perforated or nozzle line 10 coaxial with the circular channel of the rock sample 8;
3. the rotating screw is loaded in a spiral rotation mode, the metal plate is pushed to axially move, the rock sample 8 is evenly extruded, and meanwhile acceleration sensors 31 in three directions are observed, so that the conditions of maximum and minimum horizontal main stress and overburden pressure in the underground are achieved;
4. starting a pump, keeping the discharge capacity stable, adding perforation sand, starting hydraulic sand blasting perforation operation when the stable sand ratio is in a proper range, and recording the data of the acceleration sensor 31 and the pressure sensor 32 in the whole process;
5. after the operation is completed, the rock is taken out to be mechanically or physically damaged, the crack morphology is observed, and the hydraulic sand blasting perforation fracturing completion performance is evaluated.
Example 2
The second embodiment of the invention provides a well completion and erosion test system under the on-site true triaxial loading condition, which is used for simulating the test of the hydraulic fracturing well completion performance under the on-site true triaxial loading condition. Unlike example 1 above, the perforated or nozzle hard line 10 is provided with a fracturing perforation toward the rock sample 8, and the test method based on the test system is as follows:
1. firstly, preparing a rock sample 8, drilling a circular channel in the middle of the rock sample 8, and placing the rock sample 8 into a stress loading cavity of a sample table;
2. placing a hard pipe line 10 with holes or nozzles into the circular channel, keeping the hard pipe line 10 with holes or nozzles coaxial with the circular channel of the rock sample 8, and sealing two sides of the channel by adopting sealing rings 102 so as to seal annular areas of the hard pipe line 10 with holes or nozzles and the circular channel;
3. the rotating screw is loaded in a spiral rotation mode, the metal plate is pushed to axially move, rocks are uniformly extruded, and meanwhile acceleration sensors 31 in three directions are observed, so that the conditions of maximum and minimum horizontal main stress and overlying strata pressure in the underground are achieved;
4. adding liquid in the fracturing pump truck, namely adding red ink or blue ink as a tracer, starting the pump, starting the fracturing operation with stable displacement or variable displacement, and recording data of the acceleration sensor 31 and the pressure sensor 32 in the whole process;
5. after the completion of the operation, the rock sample 8 was taken out to be mechanically or physically damaged, and the fracture morphology was observed to evaluate the hydraulic fracture completion performance.
For convenient observation, an alternative mode is acted, in the method, for example, the rock sample 8 is replaced by an acrylic block, so that the crack initiation and expansion can be monitored visually, and the three-dimensional shape and the occurrence of the hydraulic crack can be analyzed in a three-dimensional manner.
Example 3
The third embodiment of the present invention provides a system for testing a well completion and erosion test under a field true triaxial loading condition, which is used for simulating a test of jet erosion performance under a field true triaxial loading condition, wherein an erosion nozzle is arranged at a position of the hard pipeline 10 with holes or nozzles, which is towards the rock sample 8, and it should be noted that the erosion nozzle and the abrasive blasting nozzle may be the same. This embodiment 3 is different from embodiment 1 in that the sensor detecting device further includes a load sensor spud 26 and a load sensor 33, the load sensor 33 is mounted on the load sensor spud 26, a jet nozzle is mounted on the perforated or nozzle hard wire 10 at a position facing the load sensor 33, the jet nozzle jets the fluid under pressure in the perforated or nozzle hard wire 10 onto the load sensor 33 by jetting, thereby detecting jet performance of erosion, and an erosion nozzle is mounted on a side of the perforated or nozzle hard wire 10 facing the sample for jetting the fluid under pressure onto the sample. Furthermore, the rock sample in the present invention only requires half of the rock sample in example 1, and no circular channels need to be drilled in the rock experiments. The test method based on the test system comprises the following steps:
1. firstly, preparing a rock sample 8, wherein the rock size of the experiment can be only half of that of the rock core, and the rock size ranges from 200mm multiplied by 200mm to 300mm multiplied by 300mm, and in addition, the experiment does not need to drill a circular channel in the middle of the rock;
2. placing a rock sample 8 into a stress loading cavity of a test bed and fixing;
3. placing the perforated or nozzle hard wire 10 and holding the perforated or nozzle hard wire 10 on one side of the rock sample 8;
4. the rotating screw is loaded in a spiral rotation mode, the metal plate is pushed to axially move, rocks are uniformly extruded, and meanwhile acceleration sensors 31 in three directions are observed, so that the conditions of maximum and minimum horizontal main stress in the underground and the pressure of an overburden sample 8 are achieved;
5. starting a pump, stabilizing the displacement or changing the displacement to start erosion jet operation, and recording data of the acceleration sensor 31 and the load sensor 33 in the whole course;
6. after the completion of the operation, the rock sample 8 was taken out and mechanically or physically destroyed, and the crack morphology was observed to evaluate the erosion jet performance.
As an alternative way, if rock is replaced by an acrylic block in the method, the method can facilitate visual monitoring of crack initiation and propagation, and three-dimensional analysis of the three-dimensional morphology and the occurrence of hydraulic cracks is facilitated.
Example 4
A fourth embodiment of the present invention provides a test system for in-situ true triaxial loading well completion and erosion test for simulating in-situ true triaxial loading shaped perforating performance, which is different from embodiment 1 in that the test system further includes a perforating device (shown in the figure) mounted on the perforated or nozzle hard wire 10, and that embodiment 4 does not require fluid supply when perforating the test, thus closing the throttle valve during the test. The perforating device includes a perforating gun 101 and shaped charges mounted within the perforating gun 101. The test method based on the test system comprises the following steps:
1. firstly, preparing a rock sample 8, drilling a circular channel in the middle of the rock sample 8, putting a sleeve into the circular channel, injecting concrete, and waiting for solidification;
2. after the concrete is completely solidified, placing the concrete into a stress loading cavity of a test bed;
3. placing the perforating gun 101 into a hard pipeline positioning pile, closing a stand column fastener, and keeping the coaxial line of the perforating gun 101 and the circular channel of the rock sample 8;
each group of perforating guns 101 can be provided with 1-12 shaped charges, and examples are as follows according to perforation phase angles: the perforation phase angle is 60 degrees, the included angle between two adjacent shaped perforating charges is 60 degrees, each group can be provided with 6 shaped perforating charges, the axial interval of the adjacent shaped perforating charges is L, and the number of the shaped perforating charges can be determined by the following formula (1):
N＝360°/θ (1)
where N represents the number of shaped charges and θ represents the phase angle.
4. The rotary screw is loaded in a spiral rotation way, so that the metal plate is pushed to axially move, the rock sample 8 is uniformly extruded, and meanwhile, the acceleration sensors 31 in three directions are observed, so that the conditions of maximum and minimum horizontal main stress and overburden pressure in the underground are achieved;
5. ignition is carried out, and the acceleration sensor 31 data in the whole process is recorded, so that the shaped charge performance and the casing perforation completion effect are evaluated.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A system for testing a well completion and erosion test under field true triaxial loading conditions, comprising:
fracturing pump truck, pump truck pipeline and install throttle valve, take eyelet or nozzle hard pipeline, base, data acquisition terminal and install on the base true triaxial loading mechanism and sensor detection device on the pump truck pipeline, the discharge capacity of fracturing pump truck is 0.15m 3 /min～1.45m 3 /min；
One end of the fracturing pump truck is connected with one end of the pump truck pipeline, the other end of the pump truck pipeline is connected with the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, and the fracturing pump truck is used for providing pressurized fluid or solid-phase fluid for the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles;
the true triaxial loading mechanism comprises an X-axis loading mechanism, a Y-axis loading mechanism and a Z-axis loading mechanism, and a test bed stress loading cavity for placing a sample is formed among the X-axis loading mechanism, the Y-axis loading mechanism, the Z-axis loading mechanism and the upper surface of the base;
the perforated or nozzle hard line is used for spraying the pressurized fluid or the solid phase fluid on the sample to form perforation, fracturing or erosion;
the sensor detection device is used for detecting vibration load borne by the sample in the test process and/or pressure difference of fluid at two sides of the sample, and sending a detection result to the data acquisition terminal;
the data acquisition terminal is electrically connected with the sensor detection device and is used for displaying the detection result; the X-axis loading mechanism comprises a left loading mechanism and a right loading mechanism, the Y-axis loading mechanism comprises a front loading mechanism and a rear loading mechanism, and the Z-axis loading mechanism comprises a top loading mechanism;
the left loading mechanism comprises a left loading upright post and at least one left rotary screw rod which is in spiral connection with the left loading upright post; the right loading mechanism comprises a right loading upright post and at least one right rotary screw rod which is in spiral connection with the right loading upright post; the top loading mechanism comprises a top loading cross beam and at least one top rotating screw rod which is in spiral connection with the top loading cross beam, and the top loading cross beam is connected with a left loading stand column and a right loading stand column which are opposite; the front loading mechanism comprises a front loading upright and at least one front rotary screw rod in spiral connection with the front loading upright, and the rear loading mechanism comprises a rear loading upright and at least one rear rotary screw rod in spiral connection with the rear loading upright;
the end parts of the rotating screws positioned on the same side are connected through a metal plate;
the sensor detection device comprises three acceleration sensors and two pressure sensors, wherein the acceleration sensors are fixedly arranged on the metal plate or the outer surface of the sample, the three acceleration sensors are respectively used for detecting vibration loads of the sample along X, Y and Z-axis directions and sending detection results to the data detection terminal, and the data acquisition terminal calculates and evaluates jet flow and shaped perforation elastic energy according to the detection results;
the two pressure sensors are arranged in the hard pipeline with the holes or the nozzles at intervals and are respectively positioned at two sides of the sample, and are used for detecting the pressure at two sides of the sample in the hard pipeline with the holes or the nozzles, sending the detected result to the data acquisition terminal, calculating the pressure difference according to the pressure at two sides by the data acquisition terminal, and evaluating the jet flow performance according to the pressure difference;
the sensor detection device further comprises a load sensor positioning pile and a load sensor, wherein the sensor positioning pile is fixedly arranged on the base and is positioned on one side of the sample, from which the pressurized fluid flows out, the load sensor is arranged on the load sensor positioning pile, a nozzle is arranged on the position, opposite to the load sensor, of the hard pipeline with the hole or the nozzle, pressurized fluid in the hard pipeline with the hole or the nozzle is sprayed on the load sensor by the nozzle, so that the jet performance of erosion is detected in full time domain before, during and after the test, and the detected result is sent to the data acquisition terminal, and the data acquisition terminal calculates and evaluates the jet performance according to the load impact force.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the base comprises a top plate and a bottom plate which are arranged in parallel, the left loading upright and the right loading upright are fixedly arranged on the bottom plate, the top part passes through the upper surface of the top plate, the left loading upright, the right loading upright and the top plate are welded, and the left side and the right side of the front loading upright and the right side of the rear loading upright are detachably connected with the left loading upright and the right loading upright on the two sides respectively; the base is also provided with hard pipeline positioning piles, the hard pipeline positioning piles comprise a plurality of hard pipeline positioning piles, the hard pipeline positioning piles are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the sample and used for supporting the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles, and the hard pipeline with holes or nozzles is used for providing a channel for the fluid with pressure or the fluid with solid phase and spraying the fluid with pressure or the fluid with solid phase on the sample.
3. The in situ true triaxial loading well completion and erosion test system according to claim 1, wherein a jet erosion nozzle is mounted on the perforated or nozzle hard line directly opposite the sample for jetting a pressurized fluid or a solids fluid onto the sample to form an erosion or jet blasting perforation test.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the perforated or nozzle hard tube is provided with perforations in a location facing the sample, and wherein the hard tube passageway is sealed at both sides with sealing rings to seal the annular space between the perforated hard tube and the circular passageway, and wherein water is flowed through the perforations into the perforations of the sample for hydraulic fracturing testing.
5. The in situ true triaxial loading well completion and washout test testing system according to claim 1, wherein said perforated or nozzle hard line has a perforating device mounted thereon, said perforating device including a perforating gun and shaped charges mounted within said perforating gun for shaping said test sample.
6. A method of testing a completion and erosion test under field true triaxial loading conditions based on the system of claim 1 for simulating a test of abrasive blasted perforating performance under field true triaxial loading conditions, the method comprising:
preparing a rock sample, drilling a circular channel in the middle of the rock sample, and placing the rock sample into the stress loading cavity of the test bed;
placing the perforated or nozzle hard wire into the circular channel, adjusting a hard wire spud and maintaining the perforated or nozzle hard wire coaxial with the circular channel of the rock sample;
rotating X, Y and rotating screws in the Z-axis direction to load, pushing the metal plate to axially move, uniformly extruding the rock sample, and observing acceleration sensors in three directions at the same time so as to enable loading force to reach the conditions of underground maximum and minimum horizontal main stress and overburden pressure;
starting a pump, keeping the discharge capacity stable, adding perforation sand, starting hydraulic sand blasting perforation operation, and recording the data of the acceleration sensor and the pressure sensor in the whole course;
and taking out the rock to damage, observing the crack morphology, and evaluating the hydraulic sand blasting perforation fracturing completion performance.
7. A method of testing a completion and erosion test under field true triaxial loading conditions based on the system of claim 1 for simulating a test of shaped charge perforation performance under field true triaxial loading conditions, the method comprising:
disconnecting the throttle valve while removing the perforated or nozzle hard line;
preparing a rock sample, drilling a circular channel in the middle of the rock sample, putting a sleeve into the circular channel, injecting concrete, and waiting for solidification;
after the concrete is completely solidified, placing the concrete into a stress loading cavity of a test bed;
placing the perforating gun into a hard pipeline positioning pile, and keeping the coaxial line of the perforating gun and the circular channel of the rock sample;
placing a perforating charge into the perforating gun;
the X, Y and Z-axis rotating screws are rotated to load, so that the metal plate is pushed to axially move, rock samples are uniformly extruded, and meanwhile acceleration sensors in three directions are observed, so that the conditions of underground maximum and minimum horizontal main stress and overburden pressure are achieved;
and (3) igniting, recording acceleration sensor data in the whole process, and evaluating the shaped charge perforation performance and the sleeve perforation completion effect.
8. A method of testing a well completion and erosion test under field true triaxial loading conditions based on the system according to claim 1, for simulating a test of jet erosion performance under field true triaxial loading conditions, the method comprising:
preparing a rock sample, and placing the rock sample into the stress loading cavity of the test bed and fixing the rock sample;
placing the perforated or nozzle hard line and holding the perforated or nozzle hard line on one side of the rock sample;
the X, Y and Z-axis rotating screws are rotated to load, so that the metal plate is pushed to axially move and uniformly squeeze rock, and meanwhile, acceleration sensors in three directions are observed to achieve the conditions of maximum and minimum horizontal main stress and overlying strata sample pressure in the underground;
starting a pump, stabilizing the displacement or changing the displacement to start erosion jet operation, and recording data of an acceleration sensor, a pressure sensor and a load sensor in the whole course;
after the operation is completed, the rock sample is taken out and destroyed, the crack morphology is observed, and the erosion jet performance is evaluated.
9. A method of testing a completion and erosion test under field true triaxial loading conditions based on the system of claim 1 for simulating a hydraulic fracturing completion performance under field true triaxial loading conditions, the method comprising:
preparing a rock sample, drilling a circular channel in the middle of the rock sample, and placing the rock sample into the stress loading cavity of the test bed;
placing the hard perforated or nozzle pipeline into the circular channel, and keeping the hard perforated or nozzle pipeline coaxial with the circular channel of the rock sample, wherein two sides of the circular channel are sealed by sealing rings, so that an annular area between the hard perforated or nozzle pipeline and the circular channel is sealed;
the X, Y and Z-axis rotating screws are rotated to load, so that the metal plate is pushed to axially move and uniformly squeeze rock, and meanwhile acceleration sensors in three directions are observed, so that the conditions of underground maximum and minimum horizontal main stress and overburden pressure are achieved;
adding a tracer into the liquid in the fracturing pump truck, starting the pump, stabilizing the displacement or starting the fracturing operation with variable displacement, and recording the data of an acceleration sensor and a pressure sensor in the whole process;
and after the operation is finished, taking out the rock sample for damage, observing the crack morphology of the rock sample, and evaluating the hydraulic fracturing completion performance.
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