CN113883992B - In-plane welding deformation measuring method - Google Patents
In-plane welding deformation measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113883992B CN113883992B CN202111473331.3A CN202111473331A CN113883992B CN 113883992 B CN113883992 B CN 113883992B CN 202111473331 A CN202111473331 A CN 202111473331A CN 113883992 B CN113883992 B CN 113883992B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. mechanical strain gauge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
Abstract
The invention discloses an in-plane welding deformation measuring method, which comprises the following steps: marking metal wire groups are arranged at the welding seams on the front and back welding surfaces of the to-be-welded part, each marking metal wire group comprises two marking metal wires arranged in a mirror image mode relative to the welding seam, and the marking metal wires are arranged in parallel with the welding seam; acquiring distance characteristics of a marked metal wire group before welding operation; obtaining the distance characteristic of the marked metal wire group after welding operation; comparing the distance characteristics before and after the welding operation of the marked metal wire group to obtain the variation of the distance characteristics before and after the welding of the two marked metal wires; and respectively calculating the average value of the distance characteristic variation of the marking metal wire in the front welding surface as a and the average value of the distance characteristic variation of the marking metal wire group in the back welding surface as b, and calculating the average value of a and b as the in-plane welding deformation. Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a good in-plane welding deformation measuring method, and fills the gap of the in-plane welding deformation measuring technology in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an in-plane welding deformation measuring method, and belongs to the technical field of in-plane welding deformation measurement.
Background
In the welding deformation measurement, an image pickup method and a digital image correlation method are commonly used, but the image pickup method cannot be used for measuring and counting the deformation amount in a welding surface because the common precision of the image pickup method is 0.4 mm/m; for a small-range area, the digital image correlation method can obtain extremely high precision through an algorithm, but in the welding deformation measurement of the digital image correlation method, as a welding seam and a heat affected zone are affected by electric arc or laser radiation, speckle characteristics are extremely easy to damage, welding deformation is easy to cause, and great challenge is brought to the measurement of in-plane welding deformation.
Meanwhile, the camera shooting method mainly focuses on the whole deformation or the external deformation of a welding structure, the digital correlation method is mainly applied to the measurement of the welding deformation and the stress of a region far away from a welding seam, and for the measurement of the in-plane welding deformation, the scribing method or the laser marking method is adopted industrially at present, but due to the influence of electric arcs and laser radiation, the characteristic change of a weldment before and after welding is large, and meanwhile, the robustness is poor, so that no good in-plane welding deformation measuring means exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an in-plane welding deformation measuring method, and provides a good in-plane welding deformation measuring method which overcomes the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an in-plane welding deformation measuring method, which comprises the following steps:
at least one group of marking metal wire groups used for reflecting in-plane deformation are arranged at the welding seams of the front and back welding surfaces of the to-be-welded part, each marking metal wire group comprises two marking metal wires arranged in a mirror image mode relative to the welding seams, and each marking metal wire is arranged in parallel to the welding seams;
acquiring distance characteristics between two marked metal wires in each marked metal wire group before welding operation;
obtaining the distance characteristics between two marked metal wires in each marked metal wire group after welding operation;
comparing the distance characteristics of the two marked metal wires in each marked metal wire group before and after the welding operation to obtain the variation of the distance characteristics of the marked metal wires before and after the welding operation;
respectively calculating the average value of the distance characteristic variable quantity of each marked metal wire group in the front welding surface of the to-be-welded part as a and the average value of the distance characteristic variable quantity of each marked metal wire group in the back welding surface as b, and calculating the average value of a and b as the in-plane welding deformation quantity.
Furthermore, the melting point of the marking metal wire is greater than or equal to that of the part to be welded, and the marking metal wire is fixedly connected with the plate surface of the part to be welded, so that the relative position of the marking metal wire and the part to be welded is fixed, and the wire diameter of the marking metal wire is fixed in the welding process.
Furthermore, the marking metal wire is fixedly connected with the plate surface of the workpiece to be welded in a spot welding or mechanical connection mode.
Further, the step of obtaining the distance characteristics of the two marked metal wires in each marked metal wire group before or after the welding operation comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining an image of the appearance of the welded plate, selecting a plurality of positions of the obtained image along the length direction of a marked metal wire as sampling points, obtaining distance characteristics between two marked metal wires which are arranged in groups at each sampling point, and solving an average value of the obtained distance characteristics of each sampling point to serve as an actual value of the distance characteristics of the two marked metal wires in the marked metal wire group.
Further, the distance characteristic between two marked metal lines in each marked metal line group after the welding operation includes a distance characteristic between two marked metal lines in each marked metal line group after each welding process.
Further, if the number of groups of the marking metal wires in the same to-be-welded plate surface of the to-be-welded part is greater than one, obtaining the variation of the distance characteristic of each group of marking metal wires in the same to-be-welded plate surface of the to-be-welded part after welding operation, and solving the average value of the variation of each distance characteristic to serve as an actual adopted value;
if the number of the groups of the marking metal wires in the same surface to be welded of the to-be-welded part is equal to one, the variable quantity of the distance characteristic of the marking metal wire groups is the actually adopted value.
Further, the marking wire diameter is characterized by 0.03mm to 1.2 mm.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a good method for measuring the welding deformation of the metal in the surface, which effectively fills the gap of the in-surface welding deformation measuring technology in the prior art;
the marking metal wire groups which are symmetrical and arranged in parallel are fixedly connected to the welding seam, and the in-plane deformation in the welding process is visually reflected through the marking metal wire groups.
The marking metal wires are arranged on the front side and the back side of the workpiece to be welded, and the interference of external deformation is eliminated by calculating the average variable quantity of the marking metal wires on the front side and the back side.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic measurement diagram of an in-plane welding deformation measurement method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The method for measuring the in-plane welding deformation provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: before welding operation, at least one group of marking metal wire groups is arranged on the front and back welding surfaces of a part to be welded, each marking metal wire group comprises two marking metal wires arranged in a mirror image mode relative to a welding line, and each marking metal wire is arranged in parallel to the welding line.
In step 1, because the welding process is a melting and resolidifying process, the metal to be welded at the welding seam of the workpiece to be welded can be welded only by firstly melting at a high temperature and then cooling and solidifying, and meanwhile, the temperature of the workpiece to be welded is gradually reduced from the welding seam to two sides, so that the melting point of the marking metal wire is at least equal to the melting point of the metal to be welded, so that the melting point of the marking metal wire is prevented from being lower due to overhigh temperature in the welding process, the quality of the workpiece to be welded is influenced, and the measurement work of in-plane deformation cannot be carried out, therefore, the melting point of the marking metal wire is larger than or equal to the melting point of the metal to be welded, the workpiece to be welded with the highest melting point in daily welding work can be found out according to the reality of daily welding work, because the melting of the marking metal wire is prevented from being melted and the cleanliness of the workpiece is influenced, the measurement of the internal deformation of the workpiece to be welded is influenced, the marking metal wire with a proper melting point is selected by taking the metal wire as a reference so as to meet the requirements of daily workpieces to be welded with different melting points on the marking metal wire, the auxiliary time required for matching is reduced, and the purchasing cost of the marking metal wire is reduced.
In the step 1, the marking metal wire and the plate surface of the workpiece to be welded can be fixedly connected in a welding or mechanical connection mode, in the embodiment of the invention, the fixed connection is preferably realized in a spot welding mode so as to ensure that the relative position of the marking metal wire and the workpiece to be welded is fixed and the wire diameter of the marking metal wire is fixed, the diameter characteristic of the marking metal wire is 0.03-1.2 mm, when the in-plane welding deforms, the workpiece to be welded deforms, and meanwhile, as the relative position of the marking metal wire and the workpiece to be welded is kept unchanged, the marking metal wire can also move along with the workpiece to visually react the deformation of the in-plane welding through the movement of the marking metal wire, and in order to ensure the accuracy of the size, welding points on two marking metal wires in each group of marking metal wires are arranged in a mirror image mode. Meanwhile, the spot welding is characterized in that the plurality of welding spots are welded and fixed in sequence, the welding time is short, the spot welding is convenient to disassemble and re-weld when position deviation occurs, the marking metal wire is convenient to disassemble after detection work is completed, and meanwhile, the welding surface of the spot welding is small, and each welding position is only one point, so that the damage to the surface of the workpiece to be welded is small, and the welding spots on the surface are convenient to clean when the marking metal wire is disassembled.
Step 2: and acquiring the distance characteristic between two marked metal wires in each marked metal wire group before welding operation.
And step 3: and acquiring the distance characteristic between the two marked metal wires in each marked metal wire group after welding operation.
In the step 2 and the step 3, the distance characteristics of each group of marked metal wires before and after the welding operation are obtained by a digital image method, wherein the distance characteristics are the vertical distance between each group of marked metal wires.
The digital image method for acquiring the distance characteristics between each group of marked metal wires comprises the following steps: firstly, an image acquisition tool is used for shooting the appearance of a welding plate, a plurality of positions of the acquired image along the length direction of the marked metal wires are selected as sampling points, the distance characteristic between the two marked metal wires at each sampling point is acquired, and the average value of each sampling point is calculated as the actual value of the distance characteristic between the two marked metal wires in each marked metal wire group.
In step 3, the distance characteristics between the groups of marked metal wires after the welding operation include the distance characteristics between the groups of marked metal wires after each welding process, for example, the welding operation includes three welding processes, the distance characteristics between two marked metal wires in each marked metal wire group are obtained after each welding process is completed, the in-plane deformation caused by each welding process is conveniently recorded and monitored, and the in-plane deformation is conveniently used as a reference when the process is optimized subsequently.
And 4, step 4: and comparing the distance characteristics of the two marked metal wires in each marked metal wire group before and after the welding operation to obtain the variation of the distance characteristics of the marked metal wires before and after the welding operation.
And 4, subtracting the distance characteristics of the two marked metal wires in each marked metal wire group before the welding operation and after the welding operation to obtain the variation of the distance characteristics after the welding operation, and obtaining the dependent variable of the distance characteristics after the welding operation by taking the quotient of the variation of the distance characteristic quantity of the two marked metal wires in each marked metal wire group after the welding operation and the value of the distance characteristics before the welding operation.
In step 4, if the number of groups of the marking metal wires in the same to-be-welded plate surface of the to-be-welded part is greater than one, obtaining the variation and the variation of the distance characteristic of each marking metal wire group in the same to-be-welded plate surface of the to-be-welded part after welding operation, and solving the average value of the variation and the variation of each distance characteristic as an actually adopted value, and if the number of groups of the marking metal wires in the same to-be-welded plate surface of the to-be-welded part is equal to one, the variation and the variation of the distance characteristic of the marking metal wire group are the actually adopted value.
And 5: respectively calculating the average value of the distance characteristic variable quantity of each marked metal wire group in the front welding surface of the to-be-welded part as a and the average value of the distance characteristic variable quantity of each marked metal wire group in the back welding surface as b, and calculating the average value of a and b as the in-plane welding deformation quantity.
An application example of the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a state before welding of a workpiece to be welded, two workpieces to be welded are connected by tack welding before welding, a marking metal wire set is arranged at a weld joint of front and back plate surfaces of the two workpieces to be welded, two marking metal wires are arranged on two sides of the weld joint in a mirror image manner, each marking metal wire is arranged in parallel with the weld joint, each marking metal wire is fixedly connected with a panel of the workpiece to be welded in a tack welding manner, and weld points of the two marking metal wires of each marking metal wire set are arranged in a mirror image manner.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining distance characteristics of two marked metal wires in each marked metal wire group before welding operation by adopting a digital image analysis method, obtaining the distance characteristics of the two marked metal wires in each marked metal wire group after each welding process by adopting the digital image analysis method after each welding process in the welding process, subtracting the distance characteristics of the two marked metal wires before welding operation from the distance characteristics of the two marked metal wires after each welding process, obtaining deformation brought by each welding process, and solving the strain according to the deformation.
In the application example, preferably, each plate surface is provided with one marked metal wire group, and the solved deformation amount and the solved variable amount of each marked metal wire group are actually adopted values.
And (4) carrying out statistical analysis on the distance characteristics, the deformation and the strain quantity before the welding operation of each marked metal wire group and after each welding procedure to obtain a deformation measurement result.
In the digital image analysis method, image J software is adopted to carry out distance characteristic statistics on a plurality of sampling points of a marking metal wire, the average value of the distance characteristic statistics is the actual adopted value of the distance characteristic of two marking metal wires in each marking metal wire group, and each sampling point obtains the distance characteristic, and the method comprises the following steps:
1. using a camera device with a ruler line to obtain a picture with a ruler, and importing the picture into image J software;
2. magnifying the scale using a magnetizing Glass;
3. drawing a line along a ruler of known length using a straight tool;
4. setting a Scale, clicking the Analyze-Set Scale, popping up a Scale setting interface, and filling the known Scale length into a knock distance column; setting a Unit through a Unit of length option;
5. selecting Global, applying the scale to all photos, and adjusting the size and the position of the scale according to actual conditions;
6. selecting the position of the distance to be measured by using a straight line tool, namely the position of each sampling point;
7. the line length to be analyzed, namely the distance between sampling points, can be obtained by using a shortcut key 'Ctrl + M' or clicking the analysis-Measure.
Taking fig. 1 as an example, the statistical results are shown in the following table (in the table, y1 is the front scribe pitch, y2 is the back scribe pitch, Δ y1 is the difference between the scribe pitch after each welding process on the front side and the scribe pitch before welding, Δ y2 is the difference between the scribe pitch after each welding process on the back side and the scribe pitch before welding,
in order to achieve a positive strain,
back strain):
table 1 fig. 1 welding test plate deflection statistics
| y1/mm | y2/mm | Δy1 | Δy2 |
 |
 |
|
| Before welding | 29.04067 | 30.833 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| First pass | 28.06533 | 30.4722 | 0.975 | 0.361 | 3.359% | 1.170% |
| Second pass | 27.91257 | 30.271 | 1.128 | 0.562 | 3.885% | 1.844% |
| Third pass | 27.61367 | 29.989 | 1.427 | 0.844 | 4.914% | 2.737% |
As shown in table 1, it can be seen that the front side of the test panel after undergoing welding has a greater degree of lateral shrinkage deformation than the back side, thereby also causing significant angular deformation of the welded test panel.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An in-plane welding deformation measuring method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
at least one group of marking metal wire groups used for reflecting in-plane deformation are arranged at the welding seams of the front and back welding surfaces of the to-be-welded part, each marking metal wire group comprises two marking metal wires arranged in a mirror image mode relative to the welding seams, and each marking metal wire is arranged in parallel to the welding seams;
acquiring distance characteristics between two marked metal wires in each marked metal wire group before welding operation;
obtaining the distance characteristics between two marked metal wires in each marked metal wire group after welding operation;
comparing the distance characteristics of the two marked metal wires in each marked metal wire group before and after the welding operation to obtain the variation of the distance characteristics of the marked metal wires before and after the welding operation;
respectively calculating the average value of the distance characteristic variable quantity of each marked metal wire group in the front welding surface of the to-be-welded part as a and the average value of the distance characteristic variable quantity of each marked metal wire group in the back welding surface as b, and calculating the average value of a and b as the in-plane welding deformation quantity.
2. The in-plane weld deformation measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the melting point of the marking metal wire is greater than or equal to that of the part to be welded, and the marking metal wire is fixedly connected with the plate surface of the part to be welded, so that the relative position of the marking metal wire and the part to be welded is fixed, and the wire diameter of the marking metal wire is fixed in the welding process.
3. An in-plane weld distortion measuring method according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the marking metal wire is fixedly connected with the plate surface of the workpiece to be welded in a spot welding or mechanical connection mode.
4. The in-plane weld deformation measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the method for acquiring the distance characteristics of the two marked metal wires in each marked metal wire group before or after the welding operation comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining an image of the appearance of the welded plate, selecting a plurality of positions of the obtained image along the length direction of a marked metal wire as sampling points, obtaining distance characteristics between two marked metal wires which are arranged in groups at each sampling point, and solving an average value of the obtained distance characteristics of each sampling point to serve as an actual value of the distance characteristics of the two marked metal wires in the marked metal wire group.
5. The in-plane weld deformation measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the distance characteristic between the two marked metal wires in each marked metal wire group after the welding operation comprises the distance characteristic between the two marked metal wires in each marked metal wire group after each welding process.
6. The in-plane weld deformation measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
if the number of the groups of the marking metal wires in the same to-be-welded plate surface of the to-be-welded part is more than one, obtaining the variation of the distance characteristics of each group of the marking metal wires in the same to-be-welded plate surface of the to-be-welded part after welding operation, and solving the average value of the variation of each distance characteristic as an actual adopted value;
if the number of the groups of the marking metal wires in the same surface to be welded of the to-be-welded part is equal to one, the variable quantity of the distance characteristic of the marking metal wire groups is the actually adopted value.
7. The in-plane weld deformation measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the marking wire diameter is characterized by 0.03mm to 1.2 mm.
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| JP3809527B2 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2006-08-16 | 財団法人大阪産業振興機構 | Eigendeformation calculation device, computer program, recording medium, and method of calculating intrinsic deformation during welding |
| CN101706245B (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-06-22 | 无锡透平叶片有限公司 | Method for detecting welding deformation amount of vane |
| CN102288123B (en) * | 2011-06-27 | 2013-03-27 | 清华大学 | Method for accurately positioning three-dimensional non-contact measurement of welding deformation |
| CN102607446A (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2012-07-25 | 中建工业设备安装有限公司 | Method for measuring steel structure welding deformation based on gridding |
| CN102865948A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-01-09 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | Method for determining residual butt welding stress of aluminum alloy sheets |
| CN210441852U (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-05-01 | 中国建筑股份有限公司 | Mechanical welding deformation automatic monitoring system |
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