CN113882298A - 一种纤维复合材料增强式防腐型桥梁防撞墙及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纤维复合材料增强式防腐型桥梁防撞墙及其制备方法。所述防撞墙是在基底混凝土上设置增强层，所述基底混凝土为原桥梁的防撞墙混凝土；所述增强层依次为金属板、纤维增强布1、纤维增强布2、表层阻尼颗粒。本发明采用的纤维增强布具有较高的耐冲击性能，可有效抵抗撞击；纤维增强布再结合底层金属板、表层橡胶颗粒可有效提高防撞墙抵抗冲击的能力。将纤维增强布与金属板直接通过浸渍胶完成粘结，浸渍体系为环氧树脂胶粘体系，其固化物力学性能优良，致密度高，具有优异的防腐性能。本发明设计的防撞墙同时具有优异的抗冲击性能与防腐性能，可有效改善桥梁的耐久性与安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于桥梁防撞墙技术领域，特别涉及一种纤维复合材料增强式防腐型桥梁防撞墙及其制备方法。
背景技术
《公路交通安全设施设计规范》与《城市桥梁设计规范》中规定，公路桥梁和城市桥梁两侧应设置防撞护栏，目前防撞护栏的主要应用形式之一为普通钢筋混凝土。普通钢筋混凝土存在耐久性不足，密实性较差等“与生俱来”的缺陷，导致其耐冲击强度低，在使用过程中表层脱落，钢筋裸露锈蚀等现象，影响其使用。冬季寒冷地区，为了应对降雪结冰引发的事故灾难，常通过撒布氯化钠、氯化钙等除冰盐的方式，导致桥梁防撞墙发生盐冻破坏，降低构件抵抗冲击的能力。目前，对于防撞墙保护层脱落，钢筋锈蚀等问题的解决方式主要为后期采用砂浆抹面或涂刷防腐涂层，这些措施可以缓解钢筋锈蚀，表层脱落等问题，但不能从根本上解决。
普通钢筋混凝土防撞墙主要存在两方面的问题：一是混凝土本身强度低，密实性较差，抵抗冲击能力较差；二是由于密实性较差，导致其抵抗H2O、CO2、Cl-等离子的侵蚀能力较差，易发生破坏。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供了一种新型的纤维复合材料增强式防腐型桥梁防撞墙及其制备方法，该防撞墙同时具有优异的抗冲击性能与防腐性能，可有效改善桥梁的耐久性与安全性。本发明采用的纤维增强布具有较高的耐冲击性能，可有效抵抗撞击；纤维增强布再结合底层金属板、表层橡胶颗粒可有效提高防撞墙抵抗冲击的能力。将纤维增强布与金属板直接通过浸渍胶完成粘结，浸渍体系为环氧树脂胶粘体系，其固化物力学性能优良，致密度高，具有优异的防腐性能。
本发明所述的纤维复合材料增强式防腐型桥梁防撞墙是在基底混凝土上设置增强层，所述基底混凝土为原桥梁的防撞墙混凝土；所述增强层依次为金属板、纤维增强布1、纤维增强布2、表层阻尼颗粒。
所述金属板为铁板、铝板或者不锈钢板，板厚2-3mm；金属板使用前经喷砂处理。
所述纤维增强布1和纤维增强布2分别选自碳纤维布、芳纶纤维布、玄武岩纤维布中的一种；两层纤维增强布可以相同或者不同。
所述的阻尼颗粒为橡胶颗粒，粒径为1-3mm。
所述的纤维复合材料增强式防腐型桥梁防撞墙的制备方法为：(1)金属板外观结构与桥梁防撞墙结构形式一致，表面清除污垢后喷砂处理；(2)在金属板表层涂刷一层胶液，粘贴纤维增强布1，然后继续涂刷胶液，待胶液完全浸润后，挤压多余胶液，20-25℃下静置2-3h；(3)继续粘贴纤维增强布2，涂刷胶液，待胶液完全浸润后，挤压多余胶液，20-25℃下静置0.5h；(4)喷洒阻尼颗粒；(5)室温养护22-24h，110-120℃下高温固化3h后，设置在原桥梁的防撞墙混凝土上。
所述胶液为A、B双组份体系，按质量份计：
A组分由120份环氧树脂、10-20份增韧剂、5-10份稀释剂组成；
B组分由20-40份改性酚醛胺、10-30份聚醚胺、4-6份双氰胺、2-3份促进剂组成；
使用时，A、B组分分别混合均匀熟化24h后，将两组分再混合均匀，静置排气。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优势：
(1)相较于普通钢筋混凝土材料，金属板与纤维增强布层叠组合物具有更强的抵抗冲击能力；纤维种类不同，其具有的强度与模量不同；同种纤维，不同型号，其具有的强度与模量亦不相同，通过设计材料组合，可实现最优的抵抗冲击能力。
(2)相较于普通钢筋混凝土材料，纤维增强布通过单层涂刷胶粘剂，并通过阶段固化形成组合体系。胶粘剂主要为环氧树脂类胶粘剂，其固化物较为致密，并具有优异的耐腐蚀性能，可有效抵抗盐冻破坏。
(3)底层金属板的版型依据桥梁防撞墙型式进行设计，不改变原有桥梁防撞墙的结构。
(4)表层阻尼颗粒在发生碰撞时，其大分子链段发生相对运动，将机械能转化为热能，实现能量的释放与转化。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的具体实施方式进行说明。实施方式仅作为本发明的说明与解释，并不用于限制本发明。
实施例1
(1)底层金属板处理流程：底层金属板选择厚度为2mm的铁板，根据桥梁防撞墙结构形式进行铁板的版型设计，确定铁板的结构形式；用丙酮将铁板表层污物清除，干燥后进行喷砂，喷砂时空气压力7bar(kg/cm2)；
(2)配制胶液：
A组分：环氧树脂120g、增韧剂20g、稀释剂10g；
B组分：改性酚醛胺30g、聚醚胺10g、双氰胺4g、促进剂2g。
单独制作A、B组分，分别混合均匀并熟化24h；将两种组分混合均匀，静置排气；
(3)在经过喷砂处理的铁板上，涂刷胶液，粘贴碳纤维布；待胶液完全浸润后，挤压多余胶液，室温25℃下静置2h；继续粘贴第二层芳纶纤维布，涂刷胶液，待胶液完全浸润后，挤压多余胶液，室温25℃下静置0.5h；
(4)撒布橡胶颗粒：在第二层芳纶纤维布尚未完全凝胶前，撒布橡胶颗粒，颗粒粒径为1-2mm；
(5)23-25℃室温养护24h，110℃下高温固化3h后，设置在原桥梁的防撞墙混凝土上。
Claims (6)
1.一种纤维复合材料增强式防腐型桥梁防撞墙，其特征在于，所述防撞墙是在基底混凝土上设置增强层，所述基底混凝土为原桥梁的防撞墙混凝土；所述增强层依次为金属板、纤维增强布1、纤维增强布2、表层阻尼颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纤维复合材料增强式防腐型桥梁防撞墙，其特征在于，所述金属板为铁板、铝板或者不锈钢板，板厚2-3mm；金属板使用前经喷砂处理。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纤维复合材料增强式防腐型桥梁防撞墙，其特征在于，所述纤维增强布1和纤维增强布2分别选自碳纤维布、芳纶纤维布、玄武岩纤维布中的一种；两层纤维增强布可以相同或者不同。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纤维复合材料增强式防腐型桥梁防撞墙，其特征在于，所述的阻尼颗粒为橡胶颗粒，粒径为1-3mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的纤维复合材料增强式防腐型桥梁防撞墙的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法的具体步骤为：(1)金属板外观结构与桥梁防撞墙结构形式一致，表面清除污垢后喷砂处理；(2)在金属板表层涂刷一层胶液，粘贴纤维增强布1，然后继续涂刷胶液，待胶液完全浸润后，挤压多余胶液，20-25℃下静置2-3h；(3)继续粘贴纤维增强布2，涂刷胶液，待胶液完全浸润后，挤压多余胶液，20-25℃下静置0.5h；(4)喷洒阻尼颗粒；(5)室温养护22-24h，110-120℃下高温固化3h后，设置在原桥梁的防撞墙混凝土上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述胶液为A、B双组份体系，按质量份计：
A组分由120份环氧树脂、10-20份增韧剂、5-10份稀释剂组成；
B组分由20-40份改性酚醛胺、10-30份聚醚胺、4-6份双氰胺、2-3份促进剂组成；
使用时，A、B组分分别混合均匀熟化24h后，将两组分再混合均匀，静置排气。
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