CN113881897A - High-strength alloy material for spring and high-strength spring - Google Patents

High-strength alloy material for spring and high-strength spring Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113881897A
CN113881897A CN202111147810.6A CN202111147810A CN113881897A CN 113881897 A CN113881897 A CN 113881897A CN 202111147810 A CN202111147810 A CN 202111147810A CN 113881897 A CN113881897 A CN 113881897A
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alloy material
strength
spring
temperature
alloy
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王卫华
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Dongguan City Jinzhongxiu Bedding Supplies Co ltd
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Dongguan City Jinzhongxiu Bedding Supplies Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F27/00—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets
    • B21F27/12—Making special types or portions of network by methods or means specially adapted therefor
    • B21F27/16—Making special types or portions of network by methods or means specially adapted therefor for spring mattresses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0075—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rods of limited length
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
    • F16F1/021—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant characterised by their composition, e.g. comprising materials providing for particular spring properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
    • F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
    • F16F2224/0208—Alloys

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of spring production materials, in particular to a high-strength alloy material for a spring and the high-strength spring, wherein the high-strength alloy material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.70 to 0.80 percent of Mn0.69 to 0.76 percent of C, 0.20 to 0.30 percent of Si0.05 to 0.09 percent of P, 0.012 to 0.020 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The high-strength alloy material disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of good comprehensive mechanical properties, particularly high hardenability and toughness, can effectively reduce the inelastic deformation of the high-strength alloy material in the compression process, and has the dual characteristics of high strength and high toughness, so that the impact resistance of the high-strength alloy material is greatly improved, the requirements of the industry are met, and the application prospect is wide.

Description

High-strength alloy material for spring and high-strength spring
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spring production materials, in particular to a high-strength alloy material for a spring and the high-strength spring.
Background
The current spring steel is easy to be brittle under extremely bad conditions. The spring produced by the normal-temperature compression process can be broken in the early stage of use, and the service life of the spring can not meet the requirements of modern mechanical equipment. Most spring production materials have poor crack resistance, shock resistance and deformation resistance, and springs made of the production materials have low shock resistance, poor strength, poor crack resistance and poor deformation resistance, influence service life and cannot meet the requirements of the industry, so an improved technology is urgently needed to solve the problem in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the high-strength alloy material for the spring, which has the characteristics of good comprehensive mechanical property, particularly high hardenability and toughness, can effectively reduce the inelastic deformation of the high-strength alloy material in the compression process, and has the dual characteristics of high strength and high toughness, greatly improves the impact resistance of the high-strength alloy material, meets the requirements of the industry, and has a wide application prospect.
The invention also aims to provide a high-strength spring, which is prepared from a high-strength alloy material, has good comprehensive mechanical properties, especially the dual characteristics of high strength and high toughness, greatly improves the impact resistance and the buffer performance of the high-strength spring, enables the high-strength spring to better meet the requirements of the industry, especially has excellent bearing property, softness, buffer property and comfort when being applied to a mattress, has the advantages of light weight, less material consumption and light weight, and can well meet the requirements of consumers.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a high-strength alloy material for springs comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.70-0.80% of Mn0.69-0.76% of C, 0.20-0.30% of Si, 0.05-0.09% of P, 0.012-0.020% of S, 0.01-0.03% of Cr0.001-0.003% of Ni0.001-0.003% of Co0.05-0.20% of Fe and inevitable impurities as the rest.
The high-strength alloy material disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of good comprehensive mechanical properties, particularly high hardenability and toughness, can effectively reduce the inelastic deformation of the high-strength alloy material in a compression process, has the dual characteristics of high strength and high toughness, greatly improves the impact resistance of the high-strength alloy material, meets the requirements of the industry, and has a wide application prospect. The alloy material has the advantages that the relatively low content of C is adopted to improve the toughness, the addition of Cr can effectively improve the hardness and the strength of the alloy material, and meanwhile, Cr is a carbide forming element, so that the hardenability of steel can be obviously improved, the activity of C in the alloy material can be reduced, the activation energy of C diffusion of the alloy material is improved, and the decarburization tendency is reduced; the hardenability is improved and the critical cooling speed of the alloy material is reduced by increasing the content of Mn, so that the quenching cracking tendency of the alloy material is inhibited, Mn is the most effective alloy element for improving the hardenability, and Mn has a solid solution strengthening effect on an alpha-phase, so that the matrix strength and the elasticity reduction resistance of the alloy material can be effectively improved; si is an alloy element which has the greatest influence on the elastic reduction resistance, simultaneously, Si can inhibit the nucleation and growth of cementite in the tempering process, change the quantity, size and shape of precipitated carbide during tempering, improve the tempering stability of the alloy material, and simultaneously, trace elements P and S are added to the invention while adjusting elements such as C, Si, Cr, Mn, Ni and the like, thereby playing a role in refining grains.
Preferably, the high-strength alloy material is prepared by the following steps:
1) putting the raw materials into a smelting furnace according to the mass percentage for smelting to obtain alloy melt, heating the alloy melt to the temperature of 500-600 ℃, preserving the heat for 50-90h, fully stirring, blowing a refining agent which takes inert gas as a carrier and has the mass percentage of 0.2-0.4% into the alloy melt for refining, degassing, deslagging and standing the melt;
2) carrying out oil cooling on the alloy solution prepared in the step 1), and then heating at high temperature after the oil cooling is finished so as to melt the alloy solution again;
3) purifying the alloy solution melted again in the step 2), and filtering by adopting a 50-70 mesh ceramic filter plate to obtain the purified alloy solution;
4) injecting the filtered alloy solution obtained in the step 3) into a mold, and then carrying out homogenization treatment and cooling to obtain an alloy rod; the temperature for homogenizing treatment is 350-380 ℃, and the temperature keeping time is 1-3 h;
5) carrying out isothermal heat preservation on the alloy rod obtained in the step 4), and then immediately carrying out quenching treatment;
6) stretching and straightening the alloy rod quenched in the step 5), then cooling and forming, and soaking by a vulcanizing agent in the cooling and forming process;
7) melting the alloy rod treated in the step 6) into slurry again, injecting the slurry into a special mold of a spiral channel matched with the radian of the arc-shaped spring for cold rolling, controlling the inner pitch of the arc-shaped spring to be smaller than the outer pitch, and performing parallel tightening treatment on the outer end ring of the spring and an adjacent second ring;
8) and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the alloy material subjected to cold rolling in the step 7), and then cooling, wherein the temperature is reduced at the speed of 8-16 ℃ per minute until the temperature is normal temperature, so as to obtain the high-strength alloy material for the spring.
The high-strength alloy material prepared by the method has good comprehensive mechanical properties, particularly has the characteristics of high hardenability and high toughness, can effectively reduce the inelastic deformation of the high-strength alloy material in the compression process, and has the dual characteristics of high strength and high toughness, thereby greatly improving the impact resistance of the high-strength alloy material, meeting the requirements of the industry and having wide application prospect. Meanwhile, the temperature during smelting in the step 1) needs to be controlled to be 7500-600 ℃, and if the temperature is too high, the refining agent added subsequently can be partially failed due to the too high temperature, so that the alloy solution obtained by final smelting contains partial hydrogen and floating oxidation slag inclusion, and the casting is not facilitated.
Preferably, in the step 1), the inert gas is nitrogen, and the nitrogen flow rate is 0.4-0.8m3H; in the step 2), the temperature during the high-temperature heating is 1400-1500 ℃.
Preferably, in the step 5), the isothermal heat preservation temperature is 210-; in the step 6), the vulcanizing agent is a mixture of aluminum N-ethyl-N-phenyldithiocarbamate and dicumyl peroxide according to the weight ratio of 0.8-1.2: 0.4-0.8.
According to the invention, by optimally selecting a proper heat preservation temperature, the segregation in the crystal can be eliminated, the crystal grains can be refined, the internal stress can be eliminated, the shaping can be improved, the subsequent quenching and pouring treatment can be facilitated, and the finally obtained alloy material has better mechanical strength; the invention can eliminate the tissue defect, improve the tissue to homogenize the components and refine the crystal grains, improve the mechanical property of the alloy material, reduce the residual stress, improve the hardness, the plasticity and the toughness and improve the cutting processing performance by strictly controlling the temperature and the time of the homogenization treatment.
Preferably, in the step 8), when the inner diameter of the spiral channel of the die is 2.0mm, the temperature during the heat treatment is 210-220 ℃; when the inner diameter of the spiral channel of the die is 2.2mm, the temperature during the heat treatment is 230-240 ℃.
The invention also provides a high-strength spring, which is prepared by the following steps:
s1, pickling the surface of the spring high-strength alloy material for the springs according to any one of claims 4 to 9 for 10 to 30min by using hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 4 to 8 percent for later use;
s2, heating the alloy material processed in the step S1 to 700-1000 ℃ for quenching treatment, and controlling the tempering temperature to be 300-400 ℃;
and S3, grinding the two end faces of the spring tempered in the step S2, grinding the end rings of the spring, and detecting to be qualified to obtain the high-strength spring.
The high-strength spring manufactured by the method has good comprehensive mechanical properties, especially the dual characteristics of high strength and high toughness, the impact resistance and the buffer performance of the high-strength spring are greatly improved, the high-strength spring meets the requirements of the industry better, especially has excellent bearing property, softness, buffer property and comfort when being applied to a mattress, has the advantages of light weight, less material consumption and light weight, and can well meet the requirements of consumers. The tempering step is added on the surface of the material after quenching and tempering, and the hardness of the surface layer of the high-strength spring material is slightly reduced, so that the effects of improving the toughness of the surface of the high-strength spring, reducing the influence caused by material defects and prolonging the fatigue life of the spring are achieved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the high-strength alloy material disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of good comprehensive mechanical properties, particularly high hardenability and toughness, can effectively reduce the inelastic deformation of the high-strength alloy material in the compression process, and has the dual characteristics of high strength and high toughness, so that the impact resistance of the high-strength alloy material is greatly improved, the requirements of the industry are met, and the application prospect is wide.
The high-strength spring made of the high-strength alloy material has good comprehensive mechanical properties, especially the dual characteristics of high strength and high toughness, the shock resistance and the buffer performance of the high-strength spring are greatly improved, the high-strength spring can better meet the requirements of the industry, especially has excellent bearing property, softness, buffer property and comfort when being applied to a mattress, has the advantages of light weight, less material consumption and light weight, and can well meet the requirements of consumers.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples for facilitating understanding of those skilled in the art, and the description of the embodiments is not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
A high-strength alloy material for springs comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.7% of Mn0.7%, 0.69% of C, 0.20% of Si0.20%, 0.05% of P, 0.012% of S, 0.01% of Cr0.001% of Ni0.05%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The high-strength alloy material is prepared by the following steps:
1) putting the raw materials into a smelting furnace according to the mass percentage for smelting to obtain alloy melt, heating the alloy melt to 500 ℃, preserving the heat for 50 hours, fully stirring, blowing a refining agent which takes inert gas as a carrier and has the mass percentage of 0.2% into the alloy melt for refining, degassing, deslagging and standing the melt; the refining agent is a 5F type refining agent produced by Nantong Runzi chemical Co., Ltd;
2) carrying out oil cooling on the alloy solution prepared in the step 1), and then heating at high temperature after the oil cooling is finished so as to melt the alloy solution again;
3) purifying the alloy solution melted again in the step 2), and filtering by adopting a 50-mesh ceramic filter plate to obtain the purified alloy solution;
4) injecting the filtered alloy solution obtained in the step 3) into a mold, and then carrying out homogenization treatment and cooling to obtain an alloy rod; the heat preservation temperature of the homogenization treatment is 350 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 h;
5) carrying out isothermal heat preservation on the alloy rod obtained in the step 4), and then immediately carrying out quenching treatment;
6) stretching and straightening the alloy rod quenched in the step 5), then cooling and forming, and soaking by a vulcanizing agent in the cooling and forming process;
7) melting the alloy rod treated in the step 6) into slurry again, injecting the slurry into a special mold of a spiral channel matched with the radian of the arc-shaped spring for cold rolling, controlling the inner pitch of the arc-shaped spring to be smaller than the outer pitch, and performing parallel tightening treatment on the outer end ring of the spring and an adjacent second ring;
8) and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the alloy material subjected to cold rolling in the step 7), and then cooling, wherein the temperature is reduced at the speed of 8 ℃ per minute until the temperature is normal temperature, so as to obtain the high-strength alloy material for the spring.
In the step 1), the inert gas is nitrogen, and the nitrogen flow rate is 0.4m3/h。
In the step 2), the temperature during high-temperature heating is 1400 ℃.
In the step 5), the isothermal heat preservation temperature is 210 ℃ and the isothermal heat preservation time is 25 min.
In step 6), the vulcanizing agent is a mixture of aluminum N-ethyl-N-phenyldithiocarbamate and dicumyl peroxide in a weight ratio of 0.8: 0.4.
In step 8), when the inner diameter of the spiral passage of the die was 2.0mm, the temperature at the time of heat treatment was 210 ℃.
A high strength spring, which is manufactured by the steps of:
s1, pickling the surface of the high-strength alloy material for 10min by using hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 4% to remove the surface of an oxide skin for later use;
s2, heating the alloy material processed in the step S1 to 700 ℃ for quenching treatment, and controlling the tempering temperature to be 300 ℃;
and S3, grinding the two end faces of the spring tempered in the step S2, grinding the end rings of the spring, and detecting to be qualified to obtain the high-strength spring.
Example 2
A high-strength alloy material for springs comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: mn0.73%, C0.70%, Si0.23%, P0.06%, S0.014%, Cr0.015%, Ni0.0015%, Co0.075%, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities.
The high-strength alloy material is prepared by the following steps:
1) putting the raw materials into a smelting furnace according to the mass percentage for smelting to obtain alloy melt, heating the alloy melt to 525 ℃, preserving the temperature for 60 hours, fully stirring, blowing a refining agent which takes inert gas as a carrier and has the mass percentage of 0.25% into the furnace for refining, degassing, deslagging and standing the melt; the refining agent is a 5F type refining agent produced by Nantong Runzi chemical Co., Ltd;
2) carrying out oil cooling on the alloy solution prepared in the step 1), and then heating at high temperature after the oil cooling is finished so as to melt the alloy solution again;
3) purifying the alloy solution melted again in the step 2), and filtering by adopting a 55-mesh ceramic filter plate to obtain the purified alloy solution;
4) injecting the filtered alloy solution obtained in the step 3) into a mold, and then carrying out homogenization treatment and cooling to obtain an alloy rod; the heat preservation temperature of the homogenization treatment is 360 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5 h;
5) carrying out isothermal heat preservation on the alloy rod obtained in the step 4), and then immediately carrying out quenching treatment;
6) stretching and straightening the alloy rod quenched in the step 5), then cooling and forming, and soaking by a vulcanizing agent in the cooling and forming process;
7) melting the alloy rod treated in the step 6) into slurry again, injecting the slurry into a special mold of a spiral channel matched with the radian of the arc-shaped spring for cold rolling, controlling the inner pitch of the arc-shaped spring to be smaller than the outer pitch, and performing parallel tightening treatment on the outer end ring of the spring and an adjacent second ring;
8) and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the alloy material subjected to cold rolling in the step 7), and then cooling, wherein the temperature is reduced at a speed of 10 ℃ per minute until the temperature is normal temperature, so as to obtain the high-strength alloy material for the spring.
In the step 1), the inert gas is nitrogen, and the nitrogen flow rate is 0.5m3/h。
In the step 2), the temperature during high-temperature heating is 1425 ℃.
In the step 5), the isothermal heat preservation temperature is 215 ℃ and the isothermal heat preservation time is 30 min.
In step 6), the vulcanizing agent is a mixture of aluminum N-ethyl-N-phenyldithiocarbamate and dicumyl peroxide in a weight ratio of 0.9: 0.5.
In step 8), when the inner diameter of the spiral passage of the die was 2.2mm, the temperature at the time of heat treatment was 233 ℃.
A high strength spring, which is manufactured by the steps of:
s1, pickling the surface of the high-strength alloy material for 15min by using hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 5% to remove the surface of an oxide skin for later use;
s2, heating the alloy material processed in the step S1 to 750 ℃ for quenching treatment, and controlling the tempering temperature to be 325 ℃;
and S3, grinding the two end faces of the spring tempered in the step S2, grinding the end rings of the spring, and detecting to be qualified to obtain the high-strength spring.
Example 3
A high-strength alloy material for springs comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.75% of Mn0.75%, 0.71% of C, 0.25% of Si, 0.07% of P, 0.016% of S, 0.02% of Cr0.002% of Ni0.1%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The high-strength alloy material is prepared by the following steps:
1) putting the raw materials into a smelting furnace according to the mass percentage for smelting to obtain alloy melt, heating the alloy melt to 550 ℃, preserving the heat for 70 hours, fully stirring, blowing a refining agent which takes inert gas as a carrier and has the mass percentage of 0.3% into the alloy melt for refining, degassing, deslagging and standing the melt; the refining agent is a 5F type refining agent produced by Nantong Runzi chemical Co., Ltd;
2) carrying out oil cooling on the alloy solution prepared in the step 1), and then heating at high temperature after the oil cooling is finished so as to melt the alloy solution again;
3) purifying the alloy solution melted again in the step 2), and filtering by adopting a 60-mesh ceramic filter plate to obtain the purified alloy solution;
4) injecting the filtered alloy solution obtained in the step 3) into a mold, and then carrying out homogenization treatment and cooling to obtain an alloy rod; the heat preservation temperature of the homogenization treatment is 370 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours;
5) carrying out isothermal heat preservation on the alloy rod obtained in the step 4), and then immediately carrying out quenching treatment;
6) stretching and straightening the alloy rod quenched in the step 5), then cooling and forming, and soaking by a vulcanizing agent in the cooling and forming process;
7) melting the alloy rod treated in the step 6) into slurry again, injecting the slurry into a special mold of a spiral channel matched with the radian of the arc-shaped spring for cold rolling, controlling the inner pitch of the arc-shaped spring to be smaller than the outer pitch, and performing parallel tightening treatment on the outer end ring of the spring and an adjacent second ring;
8) and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the alloy material subjected to cold rolling in the step 7), and then cooling, wherein the temperature is reduced at the speed of 12 ℃ per minute until the temperature is normal temperature, so as to obtain the high-strength alloy material for the spring.
In step 1)The inert gas is nitrogen with the flow rate of 0.6m3/h。
In the step 2), the temperature during high-temperature heating is 1450 ℃.
In the step 5), the isothermal heat preservation temperature is 225 ℃, and the isothermal heat preservation time is 35 min.
In step 6), the vulcanizing agent is a mixture of aluminum N-ethyl-N-phenyldithiocarbamate and dicumyl peroxide in a weight ratio of 1.0: 0.6.
In step 8), when the inner diameter of the spiral passage of the die was 2.0mm, the temperature at the time of heat treatment was 215 ℃.
A high strength spring, which is manufactured by the steps of:
s1, pickling the surface of the high-strength alloy material for 20min by using hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 6% to remove the surface of an oxide skin for later use;
s2, heating the alloy material processed in the step S1 to 800 ℃ for quenching treatment, and controlling the tempering temperature to be 345 ℃;
and S3, grinding the two end faces of the spring tempered in the step S2, grinding the end rings of the spring, and detecting to be qualified to obtain the high-strength spring.
Example 4
A high-strength alloy material for springs comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.78% of Mn0.78%, 0.73% of C, 0.285% of Si, 0.08% of P, 0.018% of S, 0.025% of Cr0.0025% of Ni0.15%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The high-strength alloy material is prepared by the following steps:
1) putting the raw materials into a smelting furnace according to the mass percentage for smelting to obtain alloy melt, heating the alloy melt to 575 ℃, preserving the heat for 80 hours, fully stirring, blowing a refining agent which takes inert gas as a carrier and has the mass percentage of 0.35% into the alloy melt for refining, degassing, deslagging and standing the melt; the refining agent is a 5F type refining agent produced by Nantong Runzi chemical Co., Ltd;
2) carrying out oil cooling on the alloy solution prepared in the step 1), and then heating at high temperature after the oil cooling is finished so as to melt the alloy solution again;
3) purifying the alloy solution melted again in the step 2), and filtering by adopting a 65-mesh ceramic filter plate to obtain the purified alloy solution;
4) injecting the filtered alloy solution obtained in the step 3) into a mold, and then carrying out homogenization treatment and cooling to obtain an alloy rod; the temperature for homogenizing treatment is 375 ℃, and the time for homogenizing treatment is 2.5 h;
5) carrying out isothermal heat preservation on the alloy rod obtained in the step 4), and then immediately carrying out quenching treatment;
6) stretching and straightening the alloy rod quenched in the step 5), then cooling and forming, and soaking by a vulcanizing agent in the cooling and forming process;
7) melting the alloy rod treated in the step 6) into slurry again, injecting the slurry into a special mold of a spiral channel matched with the radian of the arc-shaped spring for cold rolling, controlling the inner pitch of the arc-shaped spring to be smaller than the outer pitch, and performing parallel tightening treatment on the outer end ring of the spring and an adjacent second ring;
8) and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the alloy material subjected to cold rolling in the step 7), and then cooling, wherein the temperature is reduced at a speed of 14 ℃ per minute until the temperature is normal temperature, so as to obtain the high-strength alloy material for the spring.
In the step 1), the inert gas is nitrogen, and the nitrogen flow rate is 0.7m3/h。
In the step 2), the temperature during high-temperature heating is 1475 ℃.
In the step 5), the isothermal heat preservation temperature is 235 ℃, and the isothermal heat preservation time is 40 min.
In step 6), the vulcanizing agent is a mixture of aluminum N-ethyl-N-phenyldithiocarbamate and dicumyl peroxide in a weight ratio of 1.1: 0.7.
In step 8), when the inner diameter of the spiral passage of the die was 2.2mm, the temperature at the time of heat treatment was 238 ℃.
A high strength spring, which is manufactured by the steps of:
s1, pickling the surface of the high-strength alloy material for 25min by using hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 7% to remove an oxide skin for later use;
s2, heating the alloy material processed in the step S1 to 850 ℃ for quenching treatment, and controlling the tempering temperature to be 375 ℃;
and S3, grinding the two end faces of the spring tempered in the step S2, grinding the end rings of the spring, and detecting to be qualified to obtain the high-strength spring.
Example 5
A high-strength alloy material for springs comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.80% of Mn0.80%, 0.76% of C, 0.30% of Si, 0.09% of P, 0.020% of S, 0.03% of Cr0.003%, 0.003% of Ni0.20%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The high-strength alloy material is prepared by the following steps:
1) putting the raw materials into a smelting furnace according to the mass percentage for smelting to obtain alloy melt, heating the alloy melt to 600 ℃, preserving the heat for 90 hours, fully stirring, blowing a refining agent which takes inert gas as a carrier and has the mass percentage of 0.4% into the alloy melt for refining, degassing, deslagging and standing the melt; the refining agent is a 5F type refining agent produced by Nantong Runzi chemical Co., Ltd;
2) carrying out oil cooling on the alloy solution prepared in the step 1), and then heating at high temperature after the oil cooling is finished so as to melt the alloy solution again;
3) purifying the alloy solution melted again in the step 2), and filtering by adopting a 70-mesh ceramic filter plate to obtain the purified alloy solution;
4) injecting the filtered alloy solution obtained in the step 3) into a mold, and then carrying out homogenization treatment and cooling to obtain an alloy rod; the heat preservation temperature of the homogenization treatment is 380 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours;
5) carrying out isothermal heat preservation on the alloy rod obtained in the step 4), and then immediately carrying out quenching treatment;
6) stretching and straightening the alloy rod quenched in the step 5), then cooling and forming, and soaking by a vulcanizing agent in the cooling and forming process;
7) melting the alloy rod treated in the step 6) into slurry again, injecting the slurry into a special mold of a spiral channel matched with the radian of the arc-shaped spring for cold rolling, controlling the inner pitch of the arc-shaped spring to be smaller than the outer pitch, and performing parallel tightening treatment on the outer end ring of the spring and an adjacent second ring;
8) and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the alloy material subjected to cold rolling in the step 7), and then cooling, wherein the temperature is reduced at a speed of 16 ℃ per minute until the temperature is normal temperature, so as to obtain the high-strength alloy material for the spring.
In the step 1), the inert gas is nitrogen, and the nitrogen flow rate is 0.8m3/h。
In the step 2), the temperature during high-temperature heating is 1500 ℃.
In the step 5), the isothermal heat preservation temperature is 240 ℃ and the isothermal heat preservation time is 45 min.
In step 6), the vulcanizing agent is a mixture of aluminum N-ethyl-N-phenyldithiocarbamate and dicumyl peroxide in a weight ratio of 1.2: 0.8.
In step 8), when the inner diameter of the spiral passage of the die was 2.0mm, the temperature at the time of heat treatment was 220 ℃.
A high strength spring, which is manufactured by the steps of:
s1, pickling the surface of the high-strength alloy material for 30min by using hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 8% to remove the surface of an oxide skin for later use;
s2, heating the alloy material processed in the step S1 to 1000 ℃ for quenching treatment, and controlling the tempering temperature to be 400 ℃;
and S3, grinding the two end faces of the spring tempered in the step S2, grinding the end rings of the spring, and detecting to be qualified to obtain the high-strength spring.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 above in that: in the comparative example, Cr is not added to the raw materials of the high-strength alloy material. The remainder of this comparative example is the same as example 1 and will not be described again here.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 3 above in that: in the comparative example, Si was not added to the raw materials of the high-strength alloy material. The remainder of this comparative example is the same as example 3 and will not be described again here.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 5 above in that: no refining agent was added to prepare the high strength alloy material in this comparative example. The remainder of this comparative example is the same as example 5 and will not be described again here.
Various performance tests were performed using the high strength alloy materials described in examples 1, 3 and 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3, and the results are shown in table 1.
According to the national standard GMN/T16865-2013, the stretching is carried out on a DNS-200 type electronic tensile testing machine at room temperature, and the stretching speed is 2 mm/min.
TABLE 1
Test items Tensile strength (MPa) Yield strength (MPa) Shrinkage (%)
Example 1 1751 1553 27.6
Example 3 1755 1562 28.1
Example 5 1753 1557 27.8
Comparative example 1 1629 1475 17.6
Comparative example 2 1636 1494 16.5
Comparative example 3 1683 1516 20.3
As can be seen from the table above, the high-strength alloy material has the characteristics of high strength, good rigidity and good rebound resilience; the high-strength spring made of the high-strength alloy material has good comprehensive mechanical properties, especially the dual characteristics of high strength and high toughness, the shock resistance and the buffer performance of the high-strength spring are greatly improved, and the high-strength spring can better meet the requirements of the industry.
The above-described embodiments are preferred implementations of the present invention, and the present invention may be implemented in other ways without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A high-strength alloy material for springs is characterized in that: the high-strength alloy material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.70 to 0.80 percent of Mn0.69 to 0.76 percent of C, 0.20 to 0.30 percent of Si0.05 to 0.09 percent of P, 0.012 to 0.020 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The high-strength alloy material for springs as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the high-strength alloy material also comprises the following raw materials of 0.01-0.03 percent of Cr0.001-0.003 percent of Ni0.001-0.003 percent of Co0.05-0.20 percent of Co0.
3. The high-strength alloy material for springs as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein: the high-strength alloy material is prepared by the following steps:
1) putting the raw materials into a smelting furnace according to the mass percentage for smelting to obtain alloy melt, heating the alloy melt to the temperature of 500-600 ℃, preserving the heat for 50-90h, fully stirring, blowing a refining agent which takes inert gas as a carrier and has the mass percentage of 0.2-0.4% into the alloy melt for refining, degassing, deslagging and standing the melt;
2) carrying out oil cooling on the alloy solution prepared in the step 1), and then heating at high temperature after the oil cooling is finished so as to melt the alloy solution again;
3) purifying the alloy solution melted again in the step 2), and filtering by adopting a 50-70 mesh ceramic filter plate to obtain the purified alloy solution;
4) injecting the filtered alloy solution obtained in the step 3) into a mold, and then carrying out homogenization treatment and cooling to obtain an alloy rod;
5) carrying out isothermal heat preservation on the alloy rod obtained in the step 4), and then immediately carrying out quenching treatment;
6) stretching and straightening the alloy rod quenched in the step 5), then cooling and forming, and soaking by a vulcanizing agent in the cooling and forming process;
7) melting the alloy rod treated in the step 6) into slurry again, injecting the slurry into a special mold of a spiral channel matched with the radian of the arc-shaped spring for cold rolling, controlling the inner pitch of the arc-shaped spring to be smaller than the outer pitch, and performing parallel tightening treatment on the outer end ring of the spring and an adjacent second ring;
8) and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the alloy material subjected to cold rolling in the step 7), and then cooling, wherein the temperature is reduced at the speed of 8-16 ℃ per minute until the temperature is normal temperature, so as to obtain the high-strength alloy material for the spring.
4. The high-strength alloy material for springs as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the step 1), the inert gas is nitrogen, and the nitrogen flow rate is 0.4-0.8m3/h。
5. The high-strength alloy material for springs as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the step 2), the temperature during the high-temperature heating is 1400-1500 ℃.
6. The high-strength alloy material for springs as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the step 5), the isothermal heat preservation temperature is 210-240 ℃, and the isothermal heat preservation time is 25-45 min.
7. The high-strength alloy material for springs as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the step 6), the vulcanizing agent is a mixture of aluminum N-ethyl-N-phenyldithiocarbamate and dicumyl peroxide according to the weight ratio of 0.8-1.2: 0.4-0.8.
8. The high-strength alloy material for springs as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in step 8), when the inner diameter of the spiral channel of the die is 2.0mm, the temperature during the heat treatment is 210 ℃ and 220 ℃.
9. The high-strength alloy material for springs as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the step 8), when the inner diameter of the spiral channel of the die is 2.2mm, the temperature during the heat treatment is 230 ℃ and 240 ℃.
10. A high strength spring characterized by: the spring is prepared by the following steps:
s1, pickling the surface of the spring high-strength alloy material for the springs according to any one of claims 4 to 9 for 10 to 30min by using hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 4 to 8 percent for later use;
s2, heating the alloy material processed in the step S1 to 700-1000 ℃ for quenching treatment, and controlling the tempering temperature to be 300-400 ℃;
and S3, grinding the two end faces of the spring tempered in the step S2, grinding the end rings of the spring, and detecting to be qualified to obtain the high-strength spring.
CN202111147810.6A 2021-09-29 2021-09-29 High-strength alloy material for spring and high-strength spring Pending CN113881897A (en)

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