CN113875525A - Planting method for increasing grain number per ear and yield of rice under salt stress - Google Patents
Planting method for increasing grain number per ear and yield of rice under salt stress Download PDFInfo
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- CN113875525A CN113875525A CN202111183077.3A CN202111183077A CN113875525A CN 113875525 A CN113875525 A CN 113875525A CN 202111183077 A CN202111183077 A CN 202111183077A CN 113875525 A CN113875525 A CN 113875525A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 23
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001446247 uncultured actinomycete Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229960002749 aminolevulinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZGXJTSGNIOSYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 88755TAZ87 Chemical compound NCC(=O)CCC(O)=O ZGXJTSGNIOSYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 5-aminolevulinic acid amino acid Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000015636 Oligopeptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010038807 Oligopeptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000019771 cognition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for improving the grain number per ear and the yield of rice under salt stress, which comprises the steps of soaking seeds in a hardening-seedling solution and then raising the seedlings, so that the rice seed activity is enhanced, the growth of seedling roots is promoted, and the influence of the salt stress on the growth of rice in a seedling stage is relieved; in addition, the supplement of nutrients on the leaf surfaces is increased in the key period (the stage of jointing and tillering and the stage of young ear differentiation) of the formation of the spike structure of the rice, so that the supplement of nutrients is absorbed from the stem and leaves, the deficiency of the root system in absorbing the nutrients under the stress of soil salt is made up, the spike structure formation is promoted, and the number of the rice spikes is increased. The invention solves the problems of poor effect of increasing the grain number per ear and yield of rice under salt stress by a method of increasing planting density or fertilizing amount.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, in particular to a planting method for improving grain number per ear and yield of rice under salt stress.
Background
Because of the special cultivation mode, rice is often used as the first choice of grain crops for saline-alkali soil improvement. In the cultivation of rice in saline-alkali soil, the rice can not realize the high yield and high quality under special geological conditions of coastal beaches, particularly under the new reclamation beaches with higher salinity.
In the past, many researches generally consider that the reduction of the rice yield under the salt stress is mainly the shortage of the rice spike number or the tiller number. Under the influence of the cognition, the rice yield under the salt stress is increased by increasing the planting density or increasing the fertilizing amount, but the rice yield increasing effect under the salt stress is not satisfactory.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, a planting method for improving the grain number per ear and the yield of rice under salt stress is provided, so as to solve the problem of poor effect of increasing the yield of rice under salt stress by a planting density or fertilizing amount increasing method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the planting method for improving the grain number per ear and the yield of the rice under the salt stress comprises the following steps:
providing a seedling exercising liquid, wherein the seedling exercising liquid comprises a bacillus liquid, a pseudomonas liquid and an actinomycete liquid;
selecting a salt-tolerant rice variety, and placing seeds of the salt-tolerant rice variety in the hardening-seedling liquid for soaking so that the seeds can fully absorb the hardening-seedling liquid;
raising the seeds soaked in the seedling exercising liquid in a fresh water field to obtain seedlings;
transplanting the seedlings into a rice field with salt stress of less than 0.3% of soil salt content for planting, wherein the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the rice is 300kgN/hm2The method comprises the following steps of (1) counting by taking the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of the rice in the whole growth period as 100%, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of a base fertilizer accounts for 40%, the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of a tillering fertilizer accounts for 20%, and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of a spike fertilizer accounts for 40%, wherein the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, and the tillering fertilizer and the spike fertilizer are urea;
spraying amino acid-containing water-soluble foliar fertilizer on the rice plants in the spike differentiation period and the glume flower differentiation period of the rice respectively, wherein the spraying amount of the foliar fertilizer is 1.2-1.5 times of that of the foliar fertilizer for conventional planting of the non-salt-stressed rice field.
Further, the salt-tolerant rice variety is Nanjing 5055 or Yangnong No. 1.
Further, before soaking the seedling exercising liquid, soaking the seeds in clear water for 48-72 hours.
Further, the seeds are soaked in the seedling exercising liquid for 3-4 h.
The planting method for improving the grain number per ear and the yield of the rice under the salt stress has the advantages that the seeds are soaked in the hardening liquid and then raised, so that the rice seed activity is enhanced, the growth of the root system of the rice seedlings is promoted, and the influence of the salt stress on the growth of the rice in the seedling stage is relieved; in addition, the supplement of nutrients on the leaf surfaces is increased in the key period (the young ear differentiation period and the glume differentiation period) of the formation of the spike structure of the rice, so that the nutrients are absorbed and supplemented from the stem leaves, the defect that the roots absorb the nutrients under the stress of soil salt is overcome, the spike structure is further promoted to be formed, and the number of the spikes of the rice is increased.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of treatment of a seedling-hardening liquid under salt stress on the growth dynamics of rice shoots.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The invention provides a planting method for improving grain number per ear and yield of rice under salt stress, which comprises the following steps:
s1: providing a seedling exercising liquid, wherein the seedling exercising liquid comprises bacillus liquid, pseudomonas liquid and actinomycete liquid.
S2: and selecting a salt-tolerant rice variety, and soaking seeds of the salt-tolerant rice variety in the hardening-seedling liquid to enable the seeds to fully absorb the hardening-seedling liquid.
In this example, the salt-tolerant rice variety is Nanjing 5055 or Yangnong No. 1.
The method comprises the steps of selecting medium-salt-tolerant rice varieties such as Nanjing 5055 and Yannong rice No. 1 to soak seeds in clear water for 48-72 hours, soaking the seeds soaked in the clear water before grain falling for 3-4 hours by using a seedling hardening liquid (mixed bacterial liquid of bacillus, pseudomonas, actinomycetes and the like), wherein the bacterial liquid is only required to be spread over a mesh bag containing the seeds during soaking, and the seeds can be turned over back and forth for several times during soaking so as to fully absorb the seedling hardening liquid.
S3: and (4) raising the seedlings of the seeds soaked in the seedling hardening liquid in a fresh water field to obtain the seedlings.
And performing grain falling and seedling management on the seeds soaked in the hardening liquid by adopting the conventional standard management requirement operation of local mechanical seedling transplanting and raising.
S4: transplanting the seedlings into a rice field stressed by salt with soil salinity less than 0.3 percent for planting, wherein the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the rice is 300kgN/hm2The method comprises the following steps of taking the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of the rice in the whole growth period as 100%, taking the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of a base fertilizer as 40%, taking the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of a tillering fertilizer as 20%, taking the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of a spike fertilizer as 40%, taking the base fertilizer as a compound fertilizer (NPK:15-15-15), and taking the tillering fertilizer and the spike fertilizer as urea.
Transplanting the rice by adopting machine transplanting in the field when the rice is about 15-20 days old, wherein the transplanting density specification is 6 inches multiplied by 9 inches, and the soil salt content of the planted rice field is less than 0.3%.
In this example, the nitrogen fertilizer applied to the rice during the whole growth period is about 300kgN/hm2. Taking the nitrogen fertilizer applied in the whole growth period of the rice as 100 percent, wherein the base fertilizer: and (3) tillering fertilizer: spike fertilizer is 4: 2: 4. the compound fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, the urea is used as an additional fertilizer, and the fertilizing method mode and the pest and disease damage management are carried out according to the local high-yield cultivation mode.
Specifically, in this embodiment, 50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, 10 kg/mu of urea is used as the tillering fertilizer, and 18 kg/mu of urea is used as the spike fertilizer.
S5: spraying amino acid-containing water-soluble foliar fertilizer on the rice plants in the spike differentiation period and the glume flower differentiation period of the rice respectively, wherein the spraying amount of the foliar fertilizer is 1.2-1.5 times of that of the foliar fertilizer for conventional planting of the non-salt-stressed rice field.
And respectively spraying foliar fertilizers (containing amino acid water soluble fertilizers) in key growth periods (ear differentiation period and glume flower differentiation period) of rice reproductive growth, wherein the spraying concentration of saline-alkali soil with the soil salinity of less than 0.3% needs to be increased to about 1.2-1.5 times compared with the spraying of the foliar fertilizers for rice planted in non-salt-stressed common fields. Due to the special growth environment of the tidal flat area, salt stress action exists in soil, certain salt stress action exists in air which is water vapor, and the spraying concentration of the foliar fertilizer is increased to compensate the absorption of salt stress in the air to the nutrient amount.
In the embodiment, the spraying amount of the foliar fertilizer for the rice planted in the ordinary field without salt stress is carried out according to the recommended amount of the product, for example, the spraying amount of the product in the spring crop (containing free amino acid more than or equal to 10 g/L; trace nutrient element more than or equal to 20g/L) is 15 ml/mu, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 2 times; in the example, the effect of increasing the number of grains per ear of rice is not obvious when the fertilizer is sprayed for 2 times in the field under the salt stress condition according to 15 ml/mu (or diluted by 2000-2500 times) under the non-salt stress, while the effect of increasing the number of grains per ear of rice is not obvious when the fertilizer is sprayed for two times according to 20 ml/mu (or diluted by 1500 times) under the salt stress condition in the example, the number of grains per ear of rice on the beach field is remarkably increased. .
S6: and (5) harvesting rice.
When the rice is harvested, indexes such as the number of primary and secondary branches of each ear of the intertidal rice, the number of grains of the primary and secondary branches, the setting rate of the primary and secondary branches, the thousand-grain weight of the primary and secondary branches, the ear weight, the ear length, the ear number, the setting rate, the grain density and the like are inspected.
The following embodiments are provided to describe the rice planting method for increasing grain number per ear and yield under salt stress according to the present invention. The following first to third examples and comparative example one respectively adopt the above-mentioned planting method for increasing grain number per ear and yield of rice under salt stress of the present invention to plant Yannong rice No. 1 on the spot on the beach. The differences between the first to third examples and the first comparative example are as follows: spraying water-soluble leaf fertilizers containing amino acid on rice plants in the jointing-tillering stage and the ear differentiation stage of the rice respectively. The following fifth example and the second comparative example respectively adopt the method for planting the Nanjing 5055 in the yield increase of the rice under the salt stress of the invention. The difference between example five and comparative example two is that: before rice is fallen into the paddy, the rice seeds are soaked in a seedling hardening liquid, and other operations are carried out by adopting the conventional standard management requirement operation of local mechanical seedling transplanting and raising.
Example one
Spraying amino acid-containing water-soluble leaf fertilizers on rice plants in a tillering stage and an ear differentiation stage of the rice respectively to obtain true threshing grains.
Zhendao grain (fertilizer registration certificate number agricultural fertilizer (2018) 13104), Zhejiang spring and autumn biotechnology limited company, product common name contains amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and product technical indexes are as follows: the free amino acid is more than or equal to 100g/L, Ca and the Mg is more than or equal to 30 g/L.
Example two
Spraying water-soluble leaf fertilizer containing amino acid on the rice plants in the tillering stage and the ear differentiation stage of the rice respectively to obtain Maili spraying.
Maili spray is purchased from zhejiang tianshi bio-technology ltd. The "Maili spray-refreshing" adopts an animal-derived enzymolysis process, and contains full amount of amino acids, multiple oligopeptides and natural plant active factors.
EXAMPLE III
Spraying water-soluble leaf fertilizer containing amino acid, namely 5-aminolevulinic acid (standing grain spring series) amino acid leaf fertilizer, on rice plants in a tillering stage and an ear differentiation stage of the rice respectively. The spraying concentration is respectively sprayed according to 15 ml/mu (standing grain spring A) and 20 ml/mu (standing grain spring B) each time.
5-aminolevulinic acid (Heyujiaochun series) amino acid foliar fertilizer (containing 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) water soluble fertilizer) is purchased from Nanjing Heyuochun Biotech Co., Ltd. The 5-aminolevulinic acid amino acid foliar fertilizer takes 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) as a main active component.
Comparative example 1
Spraying water-soluble leaf fertilizer containing amino acid as clear water on rice plants in a tillering stage and an ear differentiation stage of the rice respectively.
After the rice is harvested, indexes such as the number of primary and secondary branches of each ear of the intertidal rice, the number of grains of the primary and secondary branches, the setting rate of the primary and secondary branches, the thousand-grain weight of the primary and secondary branches, the ear weight, the ear length, the ear number, the setting rate, the grain density and the like are inspected. The results of the ear grain number and yield analysis of examples one to three and comparative example one are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1, 2019 Tanshou field rice test grain number per ear and yield analysis table
| Name of foliar fertilizer | Grain number per ear (number) | Setting percentage% | Average yield per mu (kg) |
| Example one (Zhende grain) | 146.7 | 80.02 | 567.31 |
| EXAMPLE two (Maili spray) | 134.8 | 82.02 | 569.03 |
| EXAMPLE III (He Jia Chun A) | 133.4 | 82.08 | 538.42 |
| EXAMPLE III (He Jia Chun B) | 152.6 | 81.76 | 577.17 |
| COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE I (CLEAR WATER) | 128.4 | 78.56 | 510.34 |
Based on the analysis of table 1 it can be concluded that: the Zhendao, Meili spray and Hejiachun are all water-soluble leaf fertilizers containing amino acids, and have remarkable effects on improving the number of grains per ear and the yield of mudflat rice, and the growth rate is over 11.0 percent.
Example five
Before rice seedling raising, rice variety seeds are soaked in clear water for 48-72 h, the rice seeds soaked in the clear water before grain falling are soaked in a seedling hardening liquid for 3-4 h, the seedling hardening liquid (mixed bacteria liquid of bacillus, pseudomonas, actinomycetes and the like) is used, the bacteria liquid is only needed to be spread over a mesh bag containing the seeds during soaking, and the seeds can be turned over back and forth for several times during soaking, so that the seeds can fully absorb the seedling hardening liquid. Transplanting the rice seeds into non-Salt stress soil (Salt: 0g/kg, 0-T) and Salt stress soil (Salt: 1.5g/kg, 1.5-T) test fields respectively, and investigating and observing the growth condition of the rice.
Comparative example No. two
Before rice seedling raising, seeds of rice varieties are soaked in clear water for 48-72 h, and before grain falling, the seeds are directly soaked in clear water in the field without being soaked in a seedling hardening solution. Transplanting the rice seeds into non-Salt-stressed soil (Salt: 0g/kg, 0-CK) and Salt-stressed soil (Salt: 1.5g/kg, 1.5-CK) test field blocks respectively, and investigating and observing the growth condition of the rice.
After the rice is transplanted, the dynamic growth indexes of the growth conditions of the intertidal rice, such as tiller number, plant height and the like, are examined. The results of analyzing the dynamic change in tiller number in the fifth example and the second example are shown in table 1.
Based on the graph shown in FIG. 1, under the conditions of 0-CK and 0-T treatment under the condition of non-salt stress, the dynamic growth rules of the tiller number of the transplanted rice have no obvious difference; however, under the salt stress of 1.5-CK and 1.5-T treatment, the dynamic growth rules of the tiller of the transplanted rice are obviously different. As shown in figure 1, after the seedlings treated by the seedling hardening liquid are transplanted, the seedling reviving period of the rice is shorter than that of the seedlings which are not treated by the seedling hardening liquid (1.5-CK), the time for reaching the tillering prosperity stage is about 10-13 days earlier than that of the seedlings which are not treated by the seedling hardening liquid, and meanwhile, the time for reaching the tillering prosperity stage of the seedlings treated by the seedling hardening liquid is equivalent to that of the seedlings treated by 0-CK and 0-T under the condition of non-salt stress, so that the seedlings treated by the seedling hardening liquid of the rice seeds can better adapt to the saline-alkali environment and relieve the stress effect of the salt stress on the growth of the rice seedlings.
According to the planting method for improving the grain number per ear and the yield of the rice under the salt stress, the seeds are soaked in the hardening liquid and then the rice seedlings are raised, so that the activity of the rice seeds is enhanced, the growth of the root systems of the rice seedlings is promoted, and the influence of the salt stress on the growth of the rice seedlings in the seedling stage is relieved; in addition, the supplement of nutrients on the leaf surface is increased in the key period (tillering period and young ear differentiation period) of the formation of the spike structure of the rice, so that the supplement of nutrients is absorbed from the stem and leaves, the deficiency that the root system absorbs nutrients under the stress of soil salt is made up, the spike structure is further promoted to be formed, and the number of the spikes of the rice is increased.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Claims (4)
1. A planting method for improving grain number per ear and yield of rice under salt stress is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing a seedling exercising liquid, wherein the seedling exercising liquid comprises a bacillus liquid, a pseudomonas liquid and an actinomycete liquid;
selecting a salt-tolerant rice variety, and placing seeds of the salt-tolerant rice variety in the hardening-seedling liquid for soaking so that the seeds can fully absorb the hardening-seedling liquid;
raising the seeds soaked in the seedling exercising liquid in a fresh water field to obtain seedlings;
transplanting the seedlings into a rice field with salt stress of less than 0.3% of soil salt content for planting, wherein the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of the rice is 300kgN/hm2The method comprises the following steps of (1) counting by taking the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of the rice in the whole growth period as 100%, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of a base fertilizer accounts for 40%, the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of a tillering fertilizer accounts for 20%, and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of a spike fertilizer accounts for 40%, wherein the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, and the tillering fertilizer and the spike fertilizer are urea;
spraying water-soluble leaf fertilizers containing amino acids on rice plants in the jointing-tillering stage and the young ear differentiation stage of the rice respectively, wherein the spraying amount of the leaf fertilizers is 1.2-1.5 times of that of leaf fertilizers for conventional planting of non-salt-stressed rice fields.
2. The planting method for improving the grain number per ear and the yield of the rice under the salt stress of claim 1, wherein the salt-tolerant rice variety is Nanjing 5055 or Yangnong No. 1.
3. The planting method for improving the number of grains per ear and the yield of rice under the salt stress of claim 1, wherein the seeds are soaked in clear water for 48-72 hours before the hardening liquid is soaked.
4. The planting method for improving the number of grains per ear and the yield of rice under the salt stress of claim 3, wherein the seeds are soaked in the seedling hardening liquid for 3 to 4 hours.
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2021
- 2021-10-11 CN CN202111183077.3A patent/CN113875525A/en active Pending
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| CN113068496A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-06 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Slow-controlled fertilizer release and fertilization technology for potted rice under salt stress |
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