CN113872225B - Energy storage system capacity optimal configuration method based on source-load-storage coordination control - Google Patents

Energy storage system capacity optimal configuration method based on source-load-storage coordination control Download PDF

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CN113872225B
CN113872225B CN202111320207.3A CN202111320207A CN113872225B CN 113872225 B CN113872225 B CN 113872225B CN 202111320207 A CN202111320207 A CN 202111320207A CN 113872225 B CN113872225 B CN 113872225B
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CN113872225A (en
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谢宇峥
章德
肖帅
朱思睿
杨高才
蒋星
周雨桦
陶利国
谢国恒
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co Ltd
Economic and Technological Research Institute of State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co Ltd
Economic and Technological Research Institute of State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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Abstract

The invention discloses an energy storage system capacity optimal configuration method based on source-load-storage coordination control, which comprises the steps of obtaining operation parameters of a target area power grid; setting operation rules of a power supply, a load and an energy storage system in a target area power grid; setting an objective function of capacity optimization configuration of the energy storage system; setting a constraint condition of an energy storage system capacity optimization configuration objective function; solving the objective function under the operation rule and the constraint condition; and finishing the capacity optimization configuration of the energy storage system according to the optimization result. According to the method, the system operation rule and the optimization model are set scientifically, so that the capacity optimization configuration of the energy storage system of the regional power grid is realized, the peak clipping and valley filling effects of the energy storage system can be exerted, the new energy consumption capability is improved, and the influence on the power system caused by the randomness, the volatility and the intermittence of the new energy output is reduced; the method can effectively improve the reliability of the energy storage system, and has better objectivity and higher scientificity.

Description

基于源-荷-储协调控制的储能系统容量优化配置方法Optimal configuration method of energy storage system capacity based on source-load-storage coordinated control

技术领域technical field

本发明属于电气自动化领域，具体涉及一种基于源-荷-储协调控制的储能系统容量优化配置方法。The invention belongs to the field of electrical automation, and in particular relates to a capacity optimization configuration method of an energy storage system based on source-load-storage coordinated control.

背景技术Background technique

随着经济技术的发展和人们生活水平的提高，电能已经成为了人们生产和生活中必不可少的二次能源，给人们的生产和生活带来了无尽的便利。因此，保障电能的稳定可靠供应，就成为了电力系统最重要的任务之一。With the development of economy and technology and the improvement of people's living standards, electric energy has become an indispensable secondary energy in people's production and life, bringing endless convenience to people's production and life. Therefore, ensuring the stable and reliable supply of electric energy has become one of the most important tasks of the power system.

同时，随着环境问题的日益严重，新能源发电系统已经逐步开始并入电网。而随着新能源发电系统并入电网，新能源发电系统所自带的随机性、波动性和间歇性特征，却严重影响着电网系统的安全稳定运行。因此，如何实现对新能源发电系统进行消纳，以及如何保证电网安全稳定运行，就成为了电力系统新的研究方向之一。At the same time, with the increasingly serious environmental problems, the new energy power generation system has gradually begun to be integrated into the power grid. As the new energy power generation system is integrated into the power grid, the randomness, volatility and intermittent characteristics of the new energy power generation system seriously affect the safe and stable operation of the power grid system. Therefore, how to realize the consumption of the new energy power generation system and how to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid has become one of the new research directions of the power system.

储能系统并网是目前较为理想的解决方案。储能系统并入电网后，储能系统的快速响应特性，能够较好的解决新能源发电系统自带的随机性、波动性和间歇性特征；而且储能系统能够在电网负荷较大时充当电源系统为电网供电，而在电网负荷较小时充当负荷系统为电网吸收多余的能量，从而发挥调峰填谷的重要作用。The grid-connected energy storage system is an ideal solution at present. After the energy storage system is integrated into the power grid, the fast response characteristics of the energy storage system can better solve the randomness, volatility and intermittent characteristics of the new energy power generation system; The power system supplies power to the grid, and acts as a load system to absorb excess energy for the grid when the grid load is small, thus playing an important role in peak regulation and valley filling.

储能系统的容量配置过大，容易造成成本过高，而且容量越大的储能系统，其可靠性和安全性均越小，容易成为电网安全运行的隐患。而储能系统的容量配置过小，则可能出现储能系统的作用无法发挥的情况，而且还会造成新能源系统出现弃风、弃水等现象。但是，储能系统的容量配置，现今并没有较好的计算或优化方法；现有一般都是根据经验进行配置，不仅缺乏实际的理论研究，而且客观性和科学性较差；而且应用效果也不好。The capacity configuration of the energy storage system is too large, and the cost is likely to be too high. Moreover, the larger the capacity of the energy storage system, the lower the reliability and safety, and it is easy to become a hidden danger to the safe operation of the power grid. However, if the capacity configuration of the energy storage system is too small, the function of the energy storage system may not be able to play a role, and it will also lead to the abandonment of wind and water in the new energy system. However, there is no good calculation or optimization method for the capacity configuration of the energy storage system; the existing configuration is generally based on experience, which not only lacks actual theoretical research, but also has poor objectivity and scientificity; and the application effect is also not good.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的在于提供一种能够有效提高储能系统的可靠性，而且客观性更好、科学性更高的基于源-荷-储协调控制的储能系统容量优化配置方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy storage system capacity optimization configuration method based on source-load-storage coordinated control, which can effectively improve the reliability of the energy storage system, and is more objective and scientific.

本发明提供的这种基于源-荷-储协调控制的储能系统容量优化配置方法，包括如下步骤：The energy storage system capacity optimization configuration method based on source-load-storage coordinated control provided by the present invention includes the following steps:

S1.获取目标区域电网的运行参数；S1. Obtain the operating parameters of the target regional power grid;

S2.设定目标区域电网中电源、负荷及储能系统的运行规则；S2. Set the operation rules of the power supply, load and energy storage system in the target area power grid;

S3.设定储能系统容量优化配置的目标函数；S3. Set the objective function of the optimal configuration of the energy storage system capacity;

S4.设定储能系统容量优化配置目标函数的约束条件；S4. Set the constraints of the energy storage system capacity optimization configuration objective function;

S5.在步骤S2设定的运行规则和步骤S4设定的约束条件下，对步骤S3设定的目标函数进行求解；S5. Under the operating rules set in step S2 and the constraints set in step S4, solve the objective function set in step S3;

S6.根据步骤S5得到的优化结果，完成储能系统的容量优化配置。S6. According to the optimization result obtained in step S5, the capacity optimization configuration of the energy storage system is completed.

步骤S2所述的设定目标区域电网中电源、负荷及储能系统的运行规则，具体包括如下步骤：The setting of the operation rules of the power source, load and energy storage system in the target regional power grid described in step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

A.按照目标区域电网的每天的负荷规律，将一天的24小时划分为如下6个时间段：A. According to the daily load law of the target area power grid, divide the 24 hours of a day into the following 6 time periods:

第一谷时段：时间为t6～t1；The first valley period: the time is from t 6 to t 1 ;

第一平时段：时间为t1～t2；The first normal period: the time is from t 1 to t 2 ;

第一峰时段：时间为t2～t3；The first peak period: the time is from t 2 to t 3 ;

第二平时段：时间为t3～t4；The second normal period: the time is from t 3 to t 4 ;

第二峰时段：时间为t4～t5；The second peak period: the time is from t 4 to t 5 ;

第三平时段：时间为t5～t6；The third normal period: the time is from t 5 to t 6 ;

B.根据步骤A划分的6个时间段，设定如下基于源-荷-储协调控制的运行规则：B. According to the six time periods divided in step A, set the following operating rules based on source-load-storage coordination control:

当t6≤t≤t1时，此时新能源系统的运行规则为：储能系统尽可能多的储能能量，同时吸收新能源发电系统发出却无法被区域电网吸收的能量；因此有PB(t)＝PB1(t)+PB2(t)，其中PB(t)为储能系统实时吸收的有功功率，且定义有功功率流向储能系统则PB(t)为正，有功功率流出储能系统则PB(t)为负；PB1(t)为第一有功功率；PB2(t)为第二有功功率；PB1(t)的计算式为

Figure BDA0003344908650000031
其中WB为储能系统的充放电功率，PRES(t)为新能源发电系统的实时发电功率，PL(t)为新能源负荷且定义有功功率流向负荷方向时PL(t)为正，SOC(t)为储能系统的实时荷电状态，SOCmax为储能系统的荷电状态上限值；PB2(t)的计算式为
Figure BDA0003344908650000032
其中E1为t6～t1时间段内储存于储能系统的电量且
Figure BDA0003344908650000041
EB为储能系统的容量；When t 6 ≤ t ≤ t 1 , the operation rule of the new energy system at this time is: the energy storage system can store as much energy as possible, and at the same time absorb the energy emitted by the new energy power generation system but cannot be absorbed by the regional power grid; therefore, there is P B (t)=P B1 (t)+P B2 (t), where P B (t) is the active power absorbed by the energy storage system in real time, and if the active power flows to the energy storage system, then P B (t) is positive, When the active power flows out of the energy storage system, P B (t) is negative; P B1 (t) is the first active power; P B2 (t) is the second active power; the calculation formula of P B1 (t) is
Figure BDA0003344908650000031
Among them, WB is the charging and discharging power of the energy storage system, P RES (t) is the real-time power generation of the new energy power generation system, and PL (t) is the new energy load, and when the active power is defined to flow in the direction of the load, PL (t) is Positive, SOC(t) is the real-time state of charge of the energy storage system, and SOC max is the upper limit of the state of charge of the energy storage system; the calculation formula of P B2 (t) is
Figure BDA0003344908650000032
where E 1 is the amount of electricity stored in the energy storage system during the period from t 6 to t 1 and
Figure BDA0003344908650000041
E B is the capacity of the energy storage system;

当t1＜t≤t2时，此时新能源系统的运行规则为：储能系统吸收新能源发电系统发出却无法被区域电网吸收的能量；因此有

Figure BDA0003344908650000042
PB(t)为储能系统实时吸收的有功功率；When t 1 <t ≤ t 2 , the operating rules of the new energy system are: the energy storage system absorbs the energy emitted by the new energy power generation system but cannot be absorbed by the regional power grid; therefore, there are
Figure BDA0003344908650000042
P B (t) is the active power absorbed by the energy storage system in real time;

当t2＜t≤t3时，此时新能源系统的运行规则为：储能系统尽可能多的输出储能能量，用于满足区域电网的负荷；因此有

Figure BDA0003344908650000043
式中PB(t)为储能系统实时吸收的有功功率，SOCmin为储能系统的荷电状态下限值；When t 2 <t ≤ t 3 , the operation rule of the new energy system at this time is: the energy storage system outputs as much energy as possible to meet the load of the regional power grid; therefore, there are
Figure BDA0003344908650000043
where P B (t) is the active power absorbed by the energy storage system in real time, and SOC min is the lower limit of the state of charge of the energy storage system;

当t3＜t≤t4时，此时新能源系统的运行规则为：储能系统尽可能多的储能能量；因此有PB(t)＝PB'1(t)+PB'3(t)，其中PB(t)为储能系统实时吸收的有功功率，PB'1(t)为第三有功功率，PB'3(t)为第四有功功率，PB'1(t)的计算式为

Figure BDA0003344908650000051
PB'3(t)的计算式为
Figure BDA0003344908650000052
其中E2为t3～t4为时间段储能系统存储的电量且
Figure BDA0003344908650000053
When t 3 <t ≤ t 4 , the operation rule of the new energy system at this time is: the energy storage system can store as much energy as possible; therefore, there is P B (t)=P B ' 1 (t)+P B ' 3 (t), where P B (t) is the real-time active power absorbed by the energy storage system, P B ' 1 (t) is the third active power, P B ' 3 (t) is the fourth active power, and P B ' 1 (t) is calculated as
Figure BDA0003344908650000051
The calculation formula of P B ' 3 (t) is
Figure BDA0003344908650000052
where E 2 is the amount of electricity stored by the energy storage system in the time period from t 3 to t 4 and
Figure BDA0003344908650000053

当t4＜t≤t5时，此时新能源系统的运行规则为：储能系统尽可能多的输出储能能量，用于满足区域电网的负荷；因此有

Figure BDA0003344908650000061
When t 4 <t ≤ t 5 , the operation rule of the new energy system at this time is: the energy storage system outputs as much energy as possible to meet the load of the regional power grid; therefore, there are
Figure BDA0003344908650000061

当t5＜t≤t6时，此时新能源系统的运行规则为：保证区域电网的负荷供电。When t 5 <t ≤ t 6 , the operation rule of the new energy system at this time is: ensure the load power supply of the regional power grid.

步骤S3所述的设定储能系统容量优化配置的目标函数，具体为以储能系统的容量最小为目标，设定目标函数为min EB；EB为储能系统的容量。The objective function of setting the optimal configuration of the capacity of the energy storage system described in step S3, specifically, takes the minimum capacity of the energy storage system as the target, and the setting objective function is min EB ; EB is the capacity of the energy storage system.

步骤S4所述的设定储能系统容量优化配置目标函数的约束条件，具体包括如下步骤：The setting of the constraints of the energy storage system capacity optimization configuration objective function described in step S4 specifically includes the following steps:

a.采用如下算式作为功率平衡约束：a. Use the following formula as the power balance constraint:

Pg(t)+PRES(t)＝PB(t)+PL(t)P g (t) + P RES (t) = P B (t) + P L (t)

式中Pg(t)为区域电网额外调节的实时有功功率，且定义有功功率从电网侧流向负荷的方向为正方向；PRES(t)为新能源发电系统的实时发电功率；PB(t)为储能系统实时吸收的有功功率，且定义有功功率流向储能系统则PB(t)为正，有功功率流出储能系统则PB(t)为负；PL(t)为新能源负荷且定义有功功率流向负荷方向时PL(t)为正；where P g (t) is the real-time active power additionally adjusted by the regional power grid, and the direction of active power flowing from the grid side to the load is defined as the positive direction; P RES (t) is the real-time power generation of the new energy power generation system; P B ( t) is the active power absorbed by the energy storage system in real time, and it is defined that the active power flows to the energy storage system, then P B (t) is positive, and the active power flows out of the energy storage system, then P B (t) is negative; P L (t) is PL (t) is positive when the new energy load is defined and the active power flows in the direction of the load;

b.采用如下算式作为区域电网内的新能源功率缺额约束：b. The following formula is used as the new energy power shortage constraint in the regional power grid:

Figure BDA0003344908650000071
Figure BDA0003344908650000071

式中PRESg(t)为新能源发电功率缺额；where P RESg (t) is the shortage of new energy power generation;

c.采用如下算式作为储能系统的电荷状态约束：c. The following formula is used as the charge state constraint of the energy storage system:

SOCmin≤SOC(t)≤SOCmax SOC min ≤SOC(t)≤SOC max

式中SOC(t)为储能系统的实时荷电状态，且

Figure BDA0003344908650000072
0＜t≤24，EB为储能系统的容量；SOCmax为储能系统的荷电状态上限值；SOCmin为储能系统的荷电状态下限值；同时还要求第i天最后一个时段的最后一个时刻的SOC(t)值与第i+1天第一个时段的第一个时刻的SOC(t)相同，且均为SOCmin；where SOC(t) is the real-time state of charge of the energy storage system, and
Figure BDA0003344908650000072
0<t≤24, E B is the capacity of the energy storage system; SOC max is the upper limit of the state of charge of the energy storage system; SOC min is the lower limit of the state of charge of the energy storage system; The SOC(t) value at the last moment of a period is the same as the SOC(t) at the first moment of the first period of the i+1th day, and both are SOC min ;

d.采用如下算式作为储能系统充放电速度约束：d. The following formula is used as the charge and discharge speed constraint of the energy storage system:

WB≤EBSmax W B ≤E B S max

式中WB为储能系统的充放电功率；EB为储能系统的容量；Smax为储能系统的最大充放电倍率；where W B is the charge and discharge power of the energy storage system; E B is the capacity of the energy storage system; S max is the maximum charge and discharge rate of the energy storage system;

e.采用如下算式作为决策变量约束：e. Use the following formula as the decision variable constraint:

WRES≤WRESmax W RES ≤W RESmax

EB≤EBmax E B ≤ E Bmax

式中WRES为区域电网内新能源系统的装机容量；WRESmax为区域电网内新能源系统装机容量的上限；EBmax为区域电网内储能系统的容量上限。where W RES is the installed capacity of the new energy system in the regional power grid; W RESmax is the upper limit of the installed capacity of the new energy system in the regional power grid; E Bmax is the upper limit of the capacity of the energy storage system in the regional power grid.

本发明提供的这种基于源-荷-储协调控制的储能系统容量优化配置方法，通过科学的设定系统运行的规则，以及建立客观科学的优化模型，不仅实现了区域电网的储能系统容量优化配置，而且本发明方法能够发挥储能系统的削峰填谷的作用，提高新能源消纳能力，减小由于新能源出力的随机性，波动性和间歇性对电力系统的影响；而且本发明方法能够有效提高储能系统的可靠性，而且客观性更好、科学性更高。The energy storage system capacity optimization configuration method based on the source-load-storage coordination control provided by the present invention not only realizes the energy storage system of the regional power grid by scientifically setting the rules for system operation and establishing an objective and scientific optimization model Capacity optimization configuration, and the method of the present invention can play the role of peak shaving and valley filling of the energy storage system, improve the new energy consumption capacity, and reduce the randomness, volatility and intermittent impact of the new energy output on the power system; and The method of the invention can effectively improve the reliability of the energy storage system, and is more objective and scientific.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明方法的方法流程示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention.

图2为本发明方法的实施例的区域电网的典型日的负荷曲线示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a typical daily load curve of a regional power grid according to an embodiment of the method of the present invention.

图3为本发明方法的实施例的系统出力曲线示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system output curve according to an embodiment of the method of the present invention.

图4为本发明方法的实施例的调节新能源容量系统出力曲线示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an output curve of a system for regulating new energy capacity according to an embodiment of the method of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

如图1所示为本发明方法的方法流程示意图：本发明提供的这种基于源-荷-储协调控制的储能系统容量优化配置方法，包括如下步骤：1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the method of the present invention: the method for optimizing the capacity configuration of an energy storage system based on the coordinated control of source-load-storage provided by the present invention includes the following steps:

S1.获取目标区域电网的运行参数；S1. Obtain the operating parameters of the target regional power grid;

S2.设定目标区域电网中电源、负荷及储能系统的运行规则；具体包括如下步骤：S2. Set the operation rules of the power supply, load and energy storage system in the target area power grid; specifically include the following steps:

A.按照目标区域电网的每天的负荷规律，将一天的24小时划分为如下6个时间段：A. According to the daily load law of the target area power grid, divide the 24 hours of the day into the following 6 time periods:

第一谷时段：时间为t6～t1；The first valley period: the time is from t 6 to t 1 ;

第一平时段：时间为t1～t2；The first normal period: the time is from t 1 to t 2 ;

第一峰时段：时间为t2～t3；The first peak period: the time is from t 2 to t 3 ;

第二平时段：时间为t3～t4；The second normal period: the time is from t 3 to t 4 ;

第二峰时段：时间为t4～t5；The second peak period: the time is from t 4 to t 5 ;

第三平时段：时间为t5～t6；The third normal period: the time is from t 5 to t 6 ;

B.根据步骤A划分的6个时间段，设定如下基于源-荷-储协调控制的运行规则：B. According to the six time periods divided in step A, set the following operating rules based on source-load-storage coordination control:

当t6≤t≤t1时，此时为第一谷时段；在谷时段，此时电网负荷较低，因此储能系统应该作为电网负荷，吸收电网多余的能量，并用于后续的能量储备；因此，此时新能源系统的运行规则为：储能系统尽可能多的储能能量，同时吸收新能源发电系统发出却无法被区域电网吸收的能量；因此有PB(t)＝PB1(t)+PB2(t)，其中PB(t)为储能系统实时吸收的有功功率，且定义有功功率流向储能系统则PB(t)为正，有功功率流出储能系统则PB(t)为负；PB1(t)为第一有功功率；PB2(t)为第二有功功率；PB1(t)的计算式为

Figure BDA0003344908650000091
其中WB为储能系统的充放电功率，PRES(t)为新能源发电系统的实时发电功率，PL(t)为新能源负荷且定义有功功率流向负荷方向时PL(t)为正，SOC(t)为储能系统的实时荷电状态，SOCmax为储能系统的荷电状态上限值；PB2(t)的计算式为
Figure BDA0003344908650000092
其中E1为t6～t1时间段内储存于储能系统的电量且
Figure BDA0003344908650000101
EB为储能系统的容量；When t 6 ≤ t ≤ t 1 , this is the first valley period; in the valley period, the grid load is low at this time, so the energy storage system should be used as the grid load to absorb excess energy from the grid and use it for subsequent energy reserves Therefore, the operation rule of the new energy system at this time is: the energy storage system can store as much energy as possible, and at the same time absorb the energy emitted by the new energy power generation system but cannot be absorbed by the regional power grid; therefore, P B (t) = P B1 (t)+P B2 (t), where P B (t) is the active power absorbed by the energy storage system in real time, and it is defined that the active power flows to the energy storage system, then P B (t) is positive, and the active power flows out of the energy storage system. P B (t) is negative; P B1 (t) is the first active power; P B2 (t) is the second active power; the calculation formula of P B1 (t) is
Figure BDA0003344908650000091
Among them, WB is the charging and discharging power of the energy storage system, P RES (t) is the real-time power generation of the new energy power generation system, and PL (t) is the new energy load, and when the active power is defined to flow in the direction of the load, PL (t) is Positive, SOC(t) is the real-time state of charge of the energy storage system, and SOC max is the upper limit of the state of charge of the energy storage system; the calculation formula of P B2 (t) is
Figure BDA0003344908650000092
where E 1 is the amount of electricity stored in the energy storage system during the period from t 6 to t 1 and
Figure BDA0003344908650000101
E B is the capacity of the energy storage system;

当t1＜t≤t2时，此时为第一平时段；在平时段，此时电网负荷一般(较为正常)，因此储能系统主要的作用就是正常运行，用于调节新能源发电系统的随机性或偶然性；因此，此时新能源系统的运行规则为：储能系统吸收新能源发电系统发出却无法被区域电网吸收的能量；因此有

Figure BDA0003344908650000102
PB(t)为储能系统实时吸收的有功功率；When t 1 <t ≤ t 2 , this is the first normal period; in the normal period, the grid load is normal (more normal) at this time, so the main function of the energy storage system is to operate normally, which is used to regulate the new energy power generation system Therefore, the operating rules of the new energy system at this time are: the energy storage system absorbs the energy emitted by the new energy power generation system but cannot be absorbed by the regional power grid; therefore, there are
Figure BDA0003344908650000102
P B (t) is the active power absorbed by the energy storage system in real time;

当t2＜t≤t3时，此时为第一峰时段；在峰时段，此时电网负荷较高，因此储能系统应该作为电网电源，释放自身的能量为电网供电；因此，此时新能源系统的运行规则为：储能系统尽可能多的输出储能能量，用于满足区域电网的负荷；因此有

Figure BDA0003344908650000111
为储能系统实时吸收的有功功率，SOCmin为储能系统的荷电状态下限值；When t 2 <t ≤ t 3 , this is the first peak period; in the peak period, the grid load is high, so the energy storage system should be used as the grid power supply, releasing its own energy to supply power to the grid; therefore, at this time The operating rules of the new energy system are: the energy storage system outputs as much energy as possible to meet the load of the regional power grid; therefore, there are
Figure BDA0003344908650000111
is the active power absorbed by the energy storage system in real time, and SOC min is the lower limit value of the state of charge of the energy storage system;

当t3＜t≤t4时，此时为第二平时段；在平时段，此时电网负荷一般(较为正常)，因此储能系统应该正常工作，但是由于此前为峰时段，因此该该阶段储能系统需要尽可能多的吸收电网多余的能量，并用于后续的能量储备；因此，此时新能源系统的运行规则为：储能系统尽可能多的储能能量；因此有PB(t)＝PB'1(t)+PB'3(t)，其中PB(t)为储能系统实时吸收的有功功率，PB'1(t)为第三有功功率，PB'3(t)为第四有功功率，PB'1(t)的计算式为

Figure BDA0003344908650000112
PB'3(t)的计算式为
Figure BDA0003344908650000121
其中E2为t3～t4为时间段储能系统存储的电量且
Figure BDA0003344908650000122
When t 3 <t ≤ t 4 , this is the second normal period; in the normal period, the grid load is normal (more normal), so the energy storage system should work normally, but since it was a peak period before, this should be At this stage, the energy storage system needs to absorb as much excess energy of the grid as possible and use it for subsequent energy reserves; therefore, the operating rules of the new energy system at this time are: the energy storage system can store as much energy as possible; therefore, there is P B ( t)=P B ' 1 (t)+P B ' 3 (t), where P B (t) is the real-time active power absorbed by the energy storage system, P B ' 1 (t) is the third active power, and P B ' 3 (t) is the fourth active power, and the calculation formula of P B ' 1 (t) is
Figure BDA0003344908650000112
The calculation formula of P B ' 3 (t) is
Figure BDA0003344908650000121
where E 2 is the amount of electricity stored by the energy storage system in the time period from t 3 to t 4 and
Figure BDA0003344908650000122

当t4＜t≤t5时，此时为第二峰时段；在峰时段，此时电网负荷较高，因此储能系统应该作为电网电源，释放自身的能量为电网供电；因此，此时新能源系统的运行规则为：储能系统尽可能多的输出储能能量，用于满足区域电网的负荷；因此有

Figure BDA0003344908650000123
When t 4 <t ≤ t 5 , this is the second peak period; in the peak period, the grid load is high, so the energy storage system should be used as the grid power supply, releasing its own energy to supply power to the grid; therefore, at this time The operating rules of the new energy system are: the energy storage system outputs as much energy as possible to meet the load of the regional power grid; therefore, there are
Figure BDA0003344908650000123

当t5＜t≤t6时，此时为第三平时段；在平时段，此时电网负荷一般(较为正常)，因此储能系统应该作为正常负荷，保证区域电网的正常运行，主要是调节新能源系统的随机性和偶然性；因此，此时新能源系统的运行规则为：保证区域电网的负荷供电；When t 5 <t ≤ t 6 , this is the third normal period; in the normal period, the grid load is normal (more normal), so the energy storage system should be used as a normal load to ensure the normal operation of the regional grid, mainly Adjust the randomness and contingency of the new energy system; therefore, the operation rules of the new energy system at this time are: ensure the load power supply of the regional power grid;

S3.设定储能系统容量优化配置的目标函数；具体为以储能系统的容量最小为目标，设定目标函数为min EB；EB为储能系统的容量；S3. Set the objective function of the optimal configuration of the energy storage system capacity; specifically, take the minimum capacity of the energy storage system as the goal, and set the objective function to be min EB ; EB is the capacity of the energy storage system;

S4.设定储能系统容量优化配置目标函数的约束条件；具体包括如下步骤：S4. Set the constraints of the energy storage system capacity optimization configuration objective function; specifically include the following steps:

a.采用如下算式作为功率平衡约束：a. Use the following formula as the power balance constraint:

Pg(t)+PRES(t)＝PB(t)+PL(t)P g (t) + P RES (t) = P B (t) + P L (t)

式中Pg(t)为区域电网额外调节的实时有功功率，且定义有功功率从电网侧流向负荷的方向为正方向；PRES(t)为新能源发电系统的实时发电功率；PB(t)为储能系统实时吸收的有功功率，且定义有功功率流向储能系统则PB(t)为正，有功功率流出储能系统则PB(t)为负；PL(t)为新能源负荷且定义有功功率流向负荷方向时PL(t)为正；where P g (t) is the real-time active power additionally adjusted by the regional power grid, and the direction of active power flowing from the grid side to the load is defined as the positive direction; P RES (t) is the real-time power generation of the new energy power generation system; P B ( t) is the active power absorbed by the energy storage system in real time, and it is defined that the active power flows to the energy storage system, then P B (t) is positive, and the active power flows out of the energy storage system, then P B (t) is negative; P L (t) is PL (t) is positive when the new energy load is defined and the active power flows in the direction of the load;

b.采用如下算式作为区域电网内的新能源功率缺额约束：b. The following formula is used as the new energy power shortage constraint in the regional power grid:

Figure BDA0003344908650000131
Figure BDA0003344908650000131

式中PRESg(t)为新能源发电功率缺额；where P RESg (t) is the shortage of new energy power generation;

c.采用如下算式作为储能系统的电荷状态约束：c. The following formula is used as the charge state constraint of the energy storage system:

SOCmin≤SOC(t)≤SOCmax SOC min ≤SOC(t)≤SOC max

式中SOC(t)为储能系统的实时荷电状态，且

Figure BDA0003344908650000132
0＜t≤24，EB为储能系统的容量；SOCmax为储能系统的荷电状态上限值；SOCmin为储能系统的荷电状态下限值；同时还要求第i天最后一个时段的最后一个时刻的SOC(t)值与第i+1天第一个时段的第一个时刻的SOC(t)相同，且均为SOCmin；where SOC(t) is the real-time state of charge of the energy storage system, and
Figure BDA0003344908650000132
0<t≤24, E B is the capacity of the energy storage system; SOC max is the upper limit of the state of charge of the energy storage system; SOC min is the lower limit of the state of charge of the energy storage system; The SOC(t) value at the last moment of a period is the same as the SOC(t) at the first moment of the first period of the i+1th day, and both are SOC min ;

d.采用如下算式作为储能系统充放电速度约束：d. The following formula is used as the charge and discharge speed constraint of the energy storage system:

WB≤EBSmax W B ≤E B S max

式中WB为储能系统的充放电功率；EB为储能系统的容量；Smax为储能系统的最大充放电倍率；where W B is the charge and discharge power of the energy storage system; E B is the capacity of the energy storage system; S max is the maximum charge and discharge rate of the energy storage system;

e.采用如下算式作为决策变量约束：e. Use the following formula as the decision variable constraint:

WRES≤WRESmax W RES ≤W RESmax

EB≤EBmax E B ≤ E Bmax

式中WRES为区域电网内新能源系统的装机容量；WRESmax为区域电网内新能源系统装机容量的上限；EBmax为区域电网内储能系统的容量上限；where W RES is the installed capacity of the new energy system in the regional power grid; W RESmax is the upper limit of the installed capacity of the new energy system in the regional power grid; E Bmax is the upper limit of the capacity of the energy storage system in the regional power grid;

S5.在步骤S2设定的运行规则和步骤S4设定的约束条件下，对步骤S3设定的目标函数进行求解；S5. Under the operating rules set in step S2 and the constraints set in step S4, solve the objective function set in step S3;

S6.根据步骤S5得到的优化结果，完成储能系统的容量优化配置。S6. According to the optimization result obtained in step S5, the capacity optimization configuration of the energy storage system is completed.

以下结合一个实施例，对本发明方法进行进一步说明：Below in conjunction with an embodiment, the inventive method is further described:

以某区域电网为例，该区域电网新能源装机容量为300MW，假设该区域电网的典型日的负荷曲线如图2所示。Taking a regional power grid as an example, the installed capacity of new energy in the regional power grid is 300MW, assuming that the typical daily load curve of the regional power grid is shown in Figure 2.

按照目标区域电网的每天的负荷规律，将一天的24小时划分为如下6个时间段：According to the daily load law of the target area power grid, the 24 hours a day is divided into the following 6 time periods:

表2时段分段示意表Table 2 Time Period Segmentation Diagram

时段period 时间time 谷Valley 23:00-7:0023:00-7:00 平flat 7:00-10:007:00-10:00 峰peak 10:00-15:0010:00-15:00 平flat 15:00-18:0015:00-18:00 峰peak 18:00-21:0018:00-21:00 平flat 21:00-23:0021:00-23:00

基于该区域电网新能源和储能系统的容量配置优化模型，根据目标函数和约束条件，对模型进行循环迭代求解。当新能源装机容量为300MW时，储能系统功率和最小配置容量分别为30MW和70MWh。该区域电网新能源配置储能比例约为23.3％，储能系统利用小时数为2.3小时。通过提出的控制策略，利用MATLAB程序求解可以得到该区域电网额外调节功率、新能源发电功率、储能吸收有功功率和系统负荷功率的出力曲线如图3所示。由图中可以看出，在谷时段时，储能系统利用谷时段进行充电，在第一个高峰负荷时段(10时～15时)放出储存电量，然后利用第二个平段电价(15时～18时)进行充电，在第二个高负荷时段(18时～21时)放出储存电量。Based on the capacity allocation optimization model of new energy and energy storage systems in the power grid in this region, the model is iteratively solved according to the objective function and constraints. When the new energy installed capacity is 300MW, the power and minimum configuration capacity of the energy storage system are 30MW and 70MWh, respectively. The proportion of energy storage allocated by new energy in the regional power grid is about 23.3%, and the utilization hours of the energy storage system are 2.3 hours. Through the proposed control strategy, the output curves of additional regulation power, new energy generation power, energy storage absorbed active power and system load power of the regional grid can be obtained by solving the MATLAB program as shown in Figure 3. It can be seen from the figure that during the valley period, the energy storage system uses the valley period for charging, and discharges the stored electricity during the first peak load period (10:00 to 15:00), and then uses the second flat period electricity price (15:00). ~18:00) to charge, and discharge the stored power during the second high-load period (18:00 ~ 21:00).

针对新能源，储能系统中储能系统容量配置问题，在分段时间条件下提出了电源、负荷及储能系统的运行规则，在常规机组满足开机要求并有可调节能力情况下，根据负荷曲线和新能源出力曲线，基于分段时间提出电源、负荷及储能系统的运行规则，满足电力供需平衡、新能源完全消纳和成本约束的情况下，以系统储能配置容量最小为目标，构建了新能源高占比系统中储能系统容量优化配置模型和电源、负荷及储能系统的运行规则。模型中考虑了系统负荷特性、新能源出力特性、储能系统充放电速度、分段时间等约束条件。结合实际算例，利用循环迭代求解得到使目标函数最小的储能容量配置。Aiming at the problem of capacity allocation of energy storage system in new energy and energy storage system, the operation rules of power supply, load and energy storage system are proposed under the condition of segmented time. Curve and new energy output curve, based on segmented time to propose the operation rules of power supply, load and energy storage system, in the case of satisfying the balance of power supply and demand, complete consumption of new energy and cost constraints, aiming at the minimum system energy storage configuration capacity, The optimal configuration model of the energy storage system capacity and the operation rules of the power supply, load and energy storage system in the new energy high proportion system are constructed. Constraints such as system load characteristics, new energy output characteristics, energy storage system charging and discharging speed, and segment time are considered in the model. Combined with practical examples, the energy storage capacity configuration that minimizes the objective function is obtained by using loop iterative solution.

由图3曲线可以看出，新能源出力变化、负荷特性变化以及储能容量的变化都将直接产生直接影响。因此当保持负荷特性不变，改变系统新能源装机容量时，根据储能容量优化配置，利用MATLAB程序求解可以得到该区域电网额外调节功率、新能源发电功率、储能吸收有功功率和系统负荷功率的出力曲线如图4所示(图中10时由于新能源出力大于负荷，储能此时还有容量可消纳新能源出力)。It can be seen from the curve in Figure 3 that the changes in the output of new energy sources, the changes in load characteristics, and the changes in energy storage capacity will have a direct impact. Therefore, when the load characteristics remain unchanged and the installed capacity of new energy in the system is changed, according to the optimal configuration of energy storage capacity, the additional adjustment power, new energy generation power, energy storage absorption active power and system load power of the regional power grid can be obtained by solving the MATLAB program. The output curve is shown in Figure 4 (at 10 in the figure, since the output of the new energy is greater than the load, the energy storage still has capacity to absorb the output of the new energy).

图4中新能源装机容量为600MW时，储能系统功率和最小配置容量分别为50MW和150MWh。该区域电网新能源配置储能比例约为25.0％，储能系统利用小时数为3.0小时。In Figure 4, when the installed capacity of new energy is 600MW, the power and minimum configuration capacity of the energy storage system are 50MW and 150MWh, respectively. The energy storage ratio of new energy in the regional power grid is about 25.0%, and the utilization hours of the energy storage system are 3.0 hours.

根据上述分析可知，系统配置储能比例在一定约束条件下时，通过电源调节、新能源出力变化和储能充放电控制可实现源荷储之间的协调控制，进而在保持电力电量供需平衡的前提下，通过储能系统容量的合理、优化配置，充分、有效的利用了储能削峰填谷的作用，提高新能源消纳能力，减小由于新能源出力的随机性，波动性和间歇性对电力系统功率平衡的影响。而且储能系统在容量足够的前提下，容量更小的储能系统，其成本更低，而且可靠性更高。According to the above analysis, when the energy storage ratio of the system configuration is under certain constraints, the coordinated control between the source, the load and the storage can be achieved through power supply regulation, new energy output changes, and energy storage charge and discharge control, thereby maintaining the balance of power supply and demand. Under the premise, through the reasonable and optimized configuration of the energy storage system capacity, the role of energy storage in peak-shaving and valley-filling can be fully and effectively utilized, the new energy consumption capacity is improved, and the randomness, volatility and intermittent output of new energy are reduced. The influence of the nature on the power balance of the power system. Moreover, under the premise that the energy storage system has sufficient capacity, the energy storage system with smaller capacity has lower cost and higher reliability.

Claims (1)

1.一种基于源-荷-储协调控制的储能系统容量优化配置方法，包括如下步骤：1. An energy storage system capacity optimization configuration method based on source-load-storage coordinated control, comprising the following steps: S1.获取目标区域电网的运行参数；S1. Obtain the operating parameters of the target regional power grid; S2.设定目标区域电网中电源、负荷及储能系统的运行规则；具体包括如下步骤：S2. Set the operation rules of the power supply, load and energy storage system in the target area power grid; specifically include the following steps: A.按照目标区域电网的每天的负荷规律，将一天的24小时划分为如下6个时间段：A. According to the daily load law of the target area power grid, divide the 24 hours of a day into the following 6 time periods: 第一谷时段：时间为t6～t1；The first valley period: the time is from t 6 to t 1 ; 第一平时段：时间为t1～t2；The first normal period: the time is from t 1 to t 2 ; 第一峰时段：时间为t2～t3；The first peak period: the time is from t 2 to t 3 ; 第二平时段：时间为t3～t4；The second normal period: the time is from t 3 to t 4 ; 第二峰时段：时间为t4～t5；The second peak period: the time is from t 4 to t 5 ; 第三平时段：时间为t5～t6；The third normal period: the time is from t 5 to t 6 ; B.根据步骤A划分的6个时间段，设定如下基于源-荷-储协调控制的运行规则：B. According to the six time periods divided in step A, set the following operating rules based on source-load-storage coordinated control: 当t6≤t≤t1时，此时新能源系统的运行规则为：储能系统尽可能多的储能能量，同时吸收新能源发电系统发出却无法被区域电网吸收的能量；因此有PB(t)＝PB1(t)+PB2(t)，其中PB(t)为储能系统实时吸收的有功功率，且定义有功功率流向储能系统则PB(t)为正，有功功率流出储能系统则PB(t)为负；PB1(t)为第一有功功率；PB2(t)为第二有功功率；PB1(t)的计算式为
Figure FDA0003641736210000021
其中WB为储能系统的充放电功率，PRES(t)为新能源发电系统的实时发电功率，PL(t)为新能源负荷且定义有功功率流向负荷方向时PL(t)为正，SOC(t)为储能系统的实时荷电状态，SOCmax为储能系统的荷电状态上限值；PB2(t)的计算式为
Figure FDA0003641736210000022
其中E1为t6～t1时间段内储存于储能系统的电量且
Figure FDA0003641736210000023
EB为储能系统的容量；When t 6 ≤ t ≤ t 1 , the operation rule of the new energy system at this time is: the energy storage system can store as much energy as possible, and at the same time absorb the energy emitted by the new energy power generation system but cannot be absorbed by the regional power grid; therefore, there is P B (t)=P B1 (t)+P B2 (t), where P B (t) is the active power absorbed by the energy storage system in real time, and if the active power flows to the energy storage system, then P B (t) is positive, When the active power flows out of the energy storage system, P B (t) is negative; P B1 (t) is the first active power; P B2 (t) is the second active power; the calculation formula of P B1 (t) is
Figure FDA0003641736210000021
Among them, WB is the charging and discharging power of the energy storage system, P RES (t) is the real-time power generation of the new energy power generation system, and PL (t) is the new energy load, and when the active power is defined to flow in the direction of the load, PL (t) is Positive, SOC(t) is the real-time state of charge of the energy storage system, and SOC max is the upper limit of the state of charge of the energy storage system; the calculation formula of P B2 (t) is
Figure FDA0003641736210000022
where E 1 is the amount of electricity stored in the energy storage system during the period from t 6 to t 1 and
Figure FDA0003641736210000023
E B is the capacity of the energy storage system; 当t1＜t≤t2时，此时新能源系统的运行规则为：储能系统吸收新能源发电系统发出却无法被区域电网吸收的能量；因此有
Figure FDA0003641736210000024
PB(t)为储能系统实时吸收的有功功率；When t 1 <t ≤ t 2 , the operating rules of the new energy system are: the energy storage system absorbs the energy emitted by the new energy power generation system but cannot be absorbed by the regional power grid; therefore, there are
Figure FDA0003641736210000024
P B (t) is the active power absorbed by the energy storage system in real time; 当t2＜t≤t3时，此时新能源系统的运行规则为：储能系统尽可能多的输出储能能量，用于满足区域电网的负荷；因此有
Figure FDA0003641736210000031
式中PB(t)为储能系统实时吸收的有功功率，SOCmin为储能系统的荷电状态下限值；When t 2 <t ≤ t 3 , the operation rule of the new energy system at this time is: the energy storage system outputs as much energy as possible to meet the load of the regional power grid; therefore, there are
Figure FDA0003641736210000031
where P B (t) is the active power absorbed by the energy storage system in real time, and SOC min is the lower limit of the state of charge of the energy storage system; 当t3＜t≤t4时，此时新能源系统的运行规则为：储能系统尽可能多的储能能量；因此有PB(t)＝P'B1(t)+P'B3(t)，其中PB(t)为储能系统实时吸收的有功功率，P'B1(t)为第三有功功率，P'B3(t)为第四有功功率，P'B1(t)的计算式为
Figure FDA0003641736210000032
P'B3(t)的计算式为
Figure FDA0003641736210000041
其中E2为t3～t4为时间段储能系统存储的电量且
Figure FDA0003641736210000042
When t 3 <t ≤ t 4 , the operation rule of the new energy system at this time is: the energy storage system can store as much energy as possible; therefore, there is P B (t)=P' B1 (t)+P' B3 ( t), where P B (t) is the real-time active power absorbed by the energy storage system, P' B1 (t) is the third active power, P' B3 (t) is the fourth active power, and P' B1 (t) is the fourth active power. The calculation formula is
Figure FDA0003641736210000032
The formula for calculating P' B3 (t) is
Figure FDA0003641736210000041
where E 2 is the amount of electricity stored by the energy storage system in the time period from t 3 to t 4 and
Figure FDA0003641736210000042
 当t4＜t≤t5时，此时新能源系统的运行规则为：储能系统尽可能多的输出储能能量，用于满足区域电网的负荷；因此有
Figure FDA0003641736210000043
When t 4 <t ≤ t 5 , the operation rule of the new energy system at this time is: the energy storage system outputs as much energy as possible to meet the load of the regional power grid; therefore, there are
Figure FDA0003641736210000043
 当t5＜t≤t6时，此时新能源系统的运行规则为：保证区域电网的负荷供电；When t 5 <t ≤ t 6 , the operation rules of the new energy system at this time are: ensure the load power supply of the regional power grid; S3.设定储能系统容量优化配置的目标函数；具体为以储能系统的容量最小为目标，设定目标函数为min EB；EB为储能系统的容量；S3. Set the objective function of the optimal configuration of the energy storage system capacity; specifically, take the minimum capacity of the energy storage system as the goal, and set the objective function to be min EB ; EB is the capacity of the energy storage system; S4.设定储能系统容量优化配置目标函数的约束条件；具体包括如下步骤：S4. Set the constraints of the energy storage system capacity optimization configuration objective function; specifically include the following steps: a.采用如下算式作为功率平衡约束：a. Use the following formula as the power balance constraint: Pg(t)+PRES(t)＝PB(t)+PL(t)P g (t) + P RES (t) = P B (t) + P L (t) 式中Pg(t)为区域电网额外调节的实时有功功率，且定义有功功率从电网侧流向负荷的方向为正方向；PRES(t)为新能源发电系统的实时发电功率；PB(t)为储能系统实时吸收的有功功率，且定义有功功率流向储能系统则PB(t)为正，有功功率流出储能系统则PB(t)为负；PL(t)为新能源负荷且定义有功功率流向负荷方向时PL(t)为正；where P g (t) is the real-time active power additionally adjusted by the regional power grid, and the direction of active power flowing from the grid side to the load is defined as the positive direction; P RES (t) is the real-time power generation of the new energy power generation system; P B ( t) is the active power absorbed by the energy storage system in real time, and it is defined that the active power flows to the energy storage system, then P B (t) is positive, and the active power flows out of the energy storage system, then P B (t) is negative; P L (t) is PL (t) is positive when the new energy load is defined and the active power flows in the direction of the load; b.采用如下算式作为区域电网内的新能源功率缺额约束：b. The following formula is used as the new energy power shortage constraint in the regional power grid:
Figure FDA0003641736210000051
Figure FDA0003641736210000051
 式中PRESg(t)为新能源发电功率缺额；where P RESg (t) is the shortage of new energy power generation; c.采用如下算式作为储能系统的电荷状态约束：c. The following formula is used as the charge state constraint of the energy storage system: SOCmin≤SOC(t)≤SOCmax SOC min ≤SOC(t)≤SOC max 式中SOC(t)为储能系统的实时荷电状态，且
Figure FDA0003641736210000052
EB为储能系统的容量；SOCmax为储能系统的荷电状态上限值；SOCmin为储能系统的荷电状态下限值；同时还要求第i天最后一个时段的最后一个时刻的SOC(t)值与第i+1天第一个时段的第一个时刻的SOC(t)相同，且均为SOCmin；where SOC(t) is the real-time state of charge of the energy storage system, and
Figure FDA0003641736210000052
E B is the capacity of the energy storage system; SOC max is the upper limit of the state of charge of the energy storage system; SOC min is the lower limit of the state of charge of the energy storage system; at the same time, the last moment of the last period of the i-th day is also required The SOC(t) value is the same as the SOC(t) at the first moment of the first period of the i+1th day, and both are SOC min ; d.采用如下算式作为储能系统充放电速度约束：d. The following formula is used as the charge and discharge speed constraint of the energy storage system: WB≤EBSmax W B ≤E B S max 式中WB为储能系统的充放电功率；EB为储能系统的容量；Smax为储能系统的最大充放电倍率；where W B is the charge and discharge power of the energy storage system; E B is the capacity of the energy storage system; S max is the maximum charge and discharge rate of the energy storage system; e.采用如下算式作为决策变量约束：e. Use the following formula as the decision variable constraint: WRES≤WRESmax W RES ≤W RESmax EB≤EBmax E B ≤ E Bmax 式中WRES为区域电网内新能源系统的装机容量；WRESmax为区域电网内新能源系统装机容量的上限；EBmax为区域电网内储能系统的容量上限；where W RES is the installed capacity of the new energy system in the regional power grid; W RESmax is the upper limit of the installed capacity of the new energy system in the regional power grid; E Bmax is the upper limit of the capacity of the energy storage system in the regional power grid; S5.在步骤S2设定的运行规则和步骤S4设定的约束条件下，对步骤S3设定的目标函数进行求解；S5. Under the operating rules set in step S2 and the constraints set in step S4, solve the objective function set in step S3; S6.根据步骤S5得到的优化结果，完成储能系统的容量优化配置。S6. According to the optimization result obtained in step S5, the capacity optimization configuration of the energy storage system is completed.
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