CN109636674B - Large-scale hydropower station group monthly transaction electric quantity decomposition and checking method - Google Patents
Large-scale hydropower station group monthly transaction electric quantity decomposition and checking method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for decomposing and checking monthly transaction electric quantity of a large-scale hydropower station group comprises the following steps: step 1) predicting daily scale load; step 2) determining a load boundary condition of an optimized calculation hydropower station, and step 3) correcting transmission section limitation; step 4), correcting the water balance relation of the cascade hydropower station; step 5) after the water quantity is corrected by using the predicted runoff information and the power transmission section limit is corrected, correcting the power balance relation of each time interval according to the load deviation of the following day; and 6) adjusting the electric quantity decomposition plan of the cascade hydropower station group by adopting different objective functions as quantitative indexes according to different seasons. The invention aims to provide a method for reasonably decomposing and checking the transaction electric quantity of water and electricity so as to avoid the phenomena that the transaction electric quantity is in transaction but a power plant is not allowed to generate electricity, the transaction electric quantity is not in transaction but the power plant is punished to discard the excessive water electricity, and the like, thereby well ensuring the smooth execution of the transaction electric quantity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and particularly relates to a method for decomposing and checking monthly transaction electric quantity of a large-scale hydropower station group.
Background
With the continuous increase of the scale of hydropower in China and the gradual implementation of relevant policies of the power market, the participation of hydropower in market competition is a necessary trend for realizing optimal allocation of resources. However, the competition of water and electricity participation in the market faces a series of complex problems of uncertainty of incoming water, large difference of adjustment performance of reservoirs, contradiction of comprehensive utilization of reservoirs, upstream and downstream cascade competition scheduling of different owners, local electricity accumulation caused by limitation of power transmission sections and the like, so that the competition of water and electricity participation in the market faces a lot of difficulties, phenomena that a power plant is not allowed to generate electricity when the transaction electric quantity is traded, a power plant is punished when the transaction electric quantity is not traded, and the like occur frequently, only a small part of electric quantity can be executed, the confidence that a water power plant participates in the power market is seriously attacked, and the safe and stable operation of a power grid is greatly influenced. In the electric power market environment, how to reasonably decompose and check the transaction electric quantity of the hydropower, and guarantee the smooth execution of the transaction electric quantity are the theoretical and practical problems to be solved urgently when the hydropower participates in the electric power market transaction at present.
At present, domestic and foreign scholars make a great deal of research work on the aspect of trading or contract electricity decomposition in the power market environment, a lot of innovative research results are obtained, and the research results mainly include thermal power systems which decompose annual or monthly electricity with the minimum monthly electricity decomposition deviation of each power plant, the minimum deviation of the average load rate of each unit from an ideal scheme, and the minimum deviation of the reported contract electricity and the final contract electricity, but most research objects are not in hydraulic connection. In view of the complexity of hydropower participation in an electric power market, scholars study contract electric quantity decomposition of hydropower participation in electric power market trading at present, but pay attention to contract electric quantity decomposition in year of cascade hydropower station groups with the largest power generation profit, maximum single-station contract electric quantity benefit, risk analysis of cascade hydropower participation spot trading and cross-price region contract trading and annual contract electric quantity decomposition with the largest monthly trading market profit, the scale of research objects is small, and some complex constraints such as power transmission section limitation, electric power electric quantity balance and the like are not very prominent. The research object of the invention is a large-scale hydropower station group, which needs to couple complex constraints such as water quantity balance, load balance, electric quantity balance, transmission section limitation and the like for multidimensional checking, and also needs to consider the fairness of each hydropower station in monthly electric quantity transaction and power generation dispatching coordination on the premise of ensuring the safe and stable operation of a power grid, so that the monthly transaction electric quantity decomposition and checking problem of the large-scale hydropower station group is greatly different from other power supplies and the traditional integrated hydropower dispatching mode in the aspects of system modeling and solving.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for reasonably decomposing and checking the transaction electric quantity of water and electricity so as to avoid the phenomena that the transaction electric quantity is successful but a power plant is not allowed to generate electricity, the transaction electric quantity is not successful but the power plant is punished by the excessive water abandoning electric quantity and the like, thereby well ensuring the smooth execution of the transaction electric quantity.
A method for decomposing and checking monthly transaction electric quantity of a large-scale hydropower station group is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) predicting daily scale load: forecasting provincial dispatching load with day as scale and month as cycle;
step 2) determining the load boundary conditions of the optimized calculation hydropower station: calculating the water quantity balance and the electric quantity balance of the hydropower station according to the fixed amount of water in the power, and deducting the daily power generation plan of thermal power, wind power and a photovoltaic power supply by using the provincial load regulation obtained in the step 1), wherein the residual load is the load boundary condition of the hydropower station which is optimized and calculated;
and 3) correcting the limitation of the power transmission section, wherein the limitation of the power transmission section comprises the limitation of power transmission capacity, and when the active power transmitted by the line exceeds the static stability limit, the active power of the online hydropower station is limited.
Step 4) correcting the water balance relationship of the cascade hydropower station, and rechecking the water balance relationship of the cascade hydropower station according to different objective functions as quantitative indexes after the predicted runoff information changes;
step 5) after the water quantity is corrected and the power transmission section limit is corrected by utilizing the predicted runoff information, correcting the power balance relation of each time interval according to the load deviation of the following day;
and 6) adjusting the electric quantity decomposition plan of the cascade hydropower station group by adopting different objective functions as quantitative indexes according to different seasons.
The objective function comprises an objective function 1 and an objective function 2, the objective function 1 takes the minimum deviation maximum value between the monthly accumulated power generation amount completion progress of each hydropower station on the same day and the system plan completion progress as a target, and the objective function is as follows:
the objective function 2 takes the minimum maximum value of the relative deviation between the monthly accumulated power generation and the transaction power as a target, and the objective function is as follows:
in the formula, F 1 Representing the maximum deviation value of the monthly accumulated power generation amount completion degree and the system planned completion degree of all the hydropower stations in the time period t, F 2 Representing the maximum deviation value of the accumulated power generation amount and the transaction electric quantity at the end of a month of all the hydropower stations; t represents the number of days of the month;
the monthly accumulated power generation amount of the hydropower station m from the beginning of a month to the t-th time period is represented; e m The total monthly transaction electric quantity of the hydropower station m is represented in a unit MWh; calculating the time scale as day, and rolling and calculating every day to the end of the month by using the latest load prediction, runoff prediction and actual monthly accumulated generated energy as boundary conditions; and M, calculating the total number of the hydropower stations for optimization.
In the step 4), when the objective function 1 is adopted for optimized scheduling, an electric water-fixing algorithm is adopted, and if water is abandoned, the water is abandoned normally; when the objective function 2 is adopted for optimized scheduling, if the water is predicted to be greatly abandoned, the water abandoning risk exists in power generation according to the transaction electric quantity, the planned output force is increased to reduce the water abandoning, in order to avoid severe fluctuation of daily average water level in the scheduling period, the output force is uniformly increased on the basis of the original planned output force until the power generation output force or the power generation flow reaches the maximum, and if the water abandoning is still available, the power generation is normally abandoned; if the predicted water supply in the dispatching period is small and the trading electric quantity cannot be met, the planned output force is reduced in the upper and middle ten days to maintain a high water level, the water head effect is fully utilized to generate electricity, and the output force is gradually increased to a dead water level after the end of a month to finish the monthly trading electric quantity as much as possible.
In step 5), the following daily load deviation is calculated as follows:
In the step 6), the objective function 1 and the objective function 2 are respectively adopted as quantization indexes according to different seasons, the indexes are plus or minus, and the larger the positive index value is, the more serious the monthly accumulated generated energy of the hydropower station is overflowed, and the output needs to be preferentially reduced; the smaller the negative index value is, the more serious the monthly accumulated actual generated energy undergeneration of the hydropower station is, and the output needs to be increased preferentially; the closer the index data is to 0, the closer the hydropower station power generation amount is to the planned power amount.
During operation, the power decomposition plan adjustment strategy of the cascade hydropower station group is as follows by utilizing the quantization indexes:
when Δ N t >When epsilon is generated, the power grid is in power shortage, the output of the hydropower station needs to be increased to meet the balance of supply and demand, the objective function participating in optimization calculation of the hydropower station is calculated, the hydropower stations without idle capacity or with water levels reaching dead water levels are eliminated, then the objective function values with signs of positive and negative are sorted from small to large, the higher the sorting is, the larger the difference between the hydropower stations and the planned electric quantity is, the output is preferentially increased, and if no negative deviation hydropower station exists, the outputs of a balance power plant and a positive deviation hydropower station are sequentially increased until the balance load is broken;
when Δ N t <When the power grid is negative epsilon, indicating that the surplus power of the power grid is rich, the output of the hydropower station needs to be reduced to meet the balance of supply and demand, calculating an objective function participating in optimization calculation of the hydropower station, eliminating the hydropower station with abandoned water, then sequencing the objective function values with signs from large to small, wherein the more front the sequencing shows that the excess generating capacity of the hydropower station is more serious, preferentially reducing the output, and if no positive deviation hydropower station exists, sequentially reducing the output of the balance power plant and the negative deviation hydropower station until a balance load gap exists;
when Δ N t When | ≦ epsilon, it means that the load of the power grid is balanced at the t-th moment.
In the step 1), the planned output of three power supplies of fire, wind and light is deducted.
In the step 1), the total amount of the current monthly load is predicted according to the increase and decrease trend of the total amount of the historical monthly load, the total amount of the predicted provincial loads is proportionally distributed to each day by taking the historical contemporaneous daily scale load as a typical monthly load, an initial load prediction result is obtained, then the predicted provincial loads of one week after the rolling correction are performed by using a time series method according to the actual daily scale load of one week before the current time, and the corrected provincial loads are superposed with the western-electric-east delivery and off-shore loads to form the provincial loads needing to be balanced.
In the step 3), according to section data obtained by a daily operation mode of a power grid, a daily rolling mode is adopted to dynamically update a section limit value, when an objective function 1 is adopted for optimization solution, if the section is higher than an upper limit or a lower limit, output of each hydropower station on the section is strictly reduced or increased in an equal ratio until the section limit requirement is met, and constraint conditions such as reservoir water level limit, power generation flow limit and hydropower station output limit need to be considered in the whole process.
In step 3), when the objective function 2 is adopted for optimization solution, if the section is higher than the upper limit, calculating objective functions of all hydropower stations on the section, eliminating the hydropower stations with abandoned water, then sequencing the objective function values with signs from large to small, wherein the sequencing is earlier to indicate that the excess power generation amount of the hydropower stations is more serious, preferentially reducing the output of the hydropower stations with the deviation ahead, aiming at avoiding excessive excess generation and influencing the execution of other hydropower station transaction plans, and if the objective values are the same, carrying out equal proportional reduction; if the section is lower, the hydropower stations without free capacity or with water levels reaching the dead water level are removed, then the target function values with signs are sorted from small to large, the higher the sorting is, the larger the difference between the hydropower stations and the planned electric quantity is, the higher the deviation is, the output of the hydropower stations close to the front is preferentially increased, the aim is to promote the hydropower stations to finish trading electric quantity as soon as possible, and similarly, if the target values are the same, the equal ratio is increased.
By adopting the technical scheme, the following technical effects can be brought:
the model of the method for decomposing and checking monthly transaction electric quantity of the large-scale hydropower station group can effectively realize seamless connection of hydropower market transaction and power generation scheduling, and has important significance for solving the problems that the transaction electric quantity is committed but a power plant is not allowed to generate power, the transaction electric quantity is not committed but the power plant is punished for excessive water abandonment electric quantity, and the like, and guaranteeing safe and stable operation of a power system and improvement of economic benefits.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a frame diagram of a solution method for decomposing and checking monthly transaction electric quantity of a large-scale hydropower station group;
FIG. 2 is a provincial load balance diagram (objective function 1 model) in flood season;
FIG. 3 is a plot of dead-time provincial load balancing (objective function 2 model);
FIG. 4 is a scheduling process diagram (objective function 1 model) of hydropower stations in a flood season;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a hydropower station dispatching process in a dead period part (objective function 2 model);
FIG. 6 is a result table of excess/deficiency power generation and water abandonment of each hydropower station under different targets in the flood withering period.
Detailed Description
After three types of power supplies which do not participate in optimization, namely fire power, wind power and light power, and planned output of partial hydropower stations are sequentially deducted by utilizing daily-scale load predicted in a rolling mode, residual load is used as boundary conditions for optimization calculation, then monthly-scale transaction electric quantity decomposition is iteratively optimized to daily scale by taking progress completion deviation as heuristic information, and multidimensional checking is carried out by coupling water quantity balance, load balance, electric quantity balance and transmission section limiting requirements, so that an executable daily-scale power generation plan is formed. The invention respectively adopts two different objective functions according to different incoming water sizes, the target 1 is the maximum value of the deviation between the monthly accumulated power generation completion progress of the current day of each hydropower station and the system plan completion progress, and the target 2 is the maximum value of the relative deviation between the monthly accumulated power generation and the transaction electric quantity, and the method is realized according to the following steps (1) to (6):
1) And predicting the daily scale load. The load of the Yunnan power grid consists of a plurality of components including local dispatching small electricity, provincial load, western electricity delivery from east and Laos Burma delivery, and the sum of other loads except the local dispatching small electricity is provincial dispatching balance load. The West-east transmission and off-shore transmission loads are provincial and government agreed electric quantities, and are determined in advance when monthly load balance is carried out, so that the provincial loads only need to be predicted. The invention relates to a method for forecasting the provincial internal load with day as scale and month as period by rolling by combining a typical month distribution method and a time sequence method, which is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of forecasting the current monthly load amount according to the increase and decrease trend of the historical monthly load amount, then distributing the forecast provincial internal load amount to each day in an equal ratio by taking the historical same-period daily load amount as the typical month load, obtaining an initial load forecasting result, then utilizing the time sequence method, rolling and correcting the forecast provincial internal load of one week after the actual daily load of one week before the current moment, and superposing the western electric east delivery load and the overseas delivery load to form the provincial load needing to be balanced.
2) And determining the load boundary condition of the optimization calculation hydropower station. In the power market environment, thermal power and runoff-free and basic data-free water and electricity do not participate in optimization, and power is generated according to the same daily electric quantity; the wind power and the photovoltaic power generate power according to the predicted electric quantity of a third party; in addition, when a small number of large hydropower stations perform monthly electricity trading, daily-scale electricity plans are determined, the hydropower stations participate in water quantity balance and electricity balance calculation according to electricity fixed water, and after the daily power generation plans of the power supply are deducted by using provincial dispatching balance loads obtained by prediction in the step one, the residual loads are load boundary conditions of the optimized calculation hydropower stations;
3) And correcting the transmission section limitation. The limitation of the transmission section mainly refers to the limitation of transmission capacity, and when the active power transmitted by a line exceeds a static stability limit, the active power of an online hydropower station needs to be limited. With respect to transmission section limitations, there are currently two approaches: 1) The section limitation is defined as a fixed value, and the method is simple but cannot truly reflect the actual situation of the power grid; 2) The method is complex, needs to obtain real-time power grid stability tide data, and is mainly applied to ultra-short-term or real-time scheduling. The invention combines the two methods, and provides a method for dynamically updating the limit value of the section by adopting a daily rolling mode according to the section data obtained by the daily operation mode of the power grid. When the objective function 1 is adopted for optimization solution, if the section is higher than the upper limit or the lower limit, the output of each hydropower station on the section is strictly reduced or increased according to an equal ratio until the section limit requirement is met, and the constraint conditions such as reservoir water level limit, power generation flow limit, hydropower station output limit and the like need to be considered in the whole process; when the objective function 2 is adopted for optimization solution, if the upper limit of the section is higher, the objective function of each hydropower station on the section is calculated, the hydropower stations with abandoned water are removed, then the objective function values with signs are sequenced from large to small, the sequencing is earlier, the more serious the super power generation amount of the hydropower stations is, the output of the hydropower station with the deviation closer to the front is preferentially reduced, the purpose is to avoid excessive super power generation, the influence on the execution of the transaction plans of other hydropower stations is avoided, and if the objective values are the same, the geometric reduction is carried out; if the lower limit of the section is higher, eliminating the hydropower stations without free capacity or with water levels reaching the dead water level, then sequencing target function values with signs from small to large, wherein the higher the sequencing is, the larger the difference between the hydropower stations and the planned electric quantity is, preferentially increasing the output of the hydropower stations with the deviations close to the front, aiming at promoting the hydropower stations to finish trading the electric quantity as soon as possible, and similarly, if the target values are the same, increasing the equal ratio;
4) And correcting the water balance relation of the cascade hydropower station. When runoff information predicted by a third-party system changes, the water balance relationship of the cascade hydropower stations needs to be checked again, the influence on the hydropower stations with good adjusting performance is probably small, and the influence on the hydropower stations with week adjustment and the following hydropower stations is very large. The invention checks the water balance according to the electric water-fixing algorithm, when the objective function 1 is adopted to carry out the optimized dispatching, the electric water-fixing algorithm is strictly executed, and if the water is abandoned, the water is abandoned normally; when the objective function 2 is adopted for optimized scheduling, if the water is predicted to be greatly abandoned, the water abandoning risk exists in power generation according to the transaction electric quantity, the planned output force is increased to reduce the water abandoning, and in order to avoid the severe fluctuation of the daily average water level in the scheduling period, the output force is uniformly increased on the basis of the originally planned output force until the power generation output force or the power generation flow reaches the maximum, and if the water abandoning is still available, the power is normally abandoned; if the predicted water supply in the scheduling period is small and the trading electric quantity cannot be met, the planned output force is reduced in the upper and middle ten days to maintain a high water level, the water head effect is fully utilized to generate electricity, and the output force is gradually increased to a dead water level after the end of a month to finish the monthly trading electric quantity as much as possible;
5) And correcting the power balance relation in each time period. When the predicted runoff information is used for correcting the water quantity and correcting the limitation of the power transmission section, the power generation output of part of the hydropower stations has certain deviation with the initial solution; on the other hand, the daily scale load of the daily rolling forecast and the daily scale load of the yesterday forecast have certain deviations, and the two deviations directly cause the accumulative output and the residual load of the hydropower station
There will be large deviations, so the following daily load deviation needs to be calculated:
in the formula, DELTA N t Representing the electric quantity supply and demand deviation at the time t;
indicating the residual load at the t-th moment;
average output of the hydropower station m in a time period t is unit MW;
average output of a hydropower station x which does not participate in water balance and only participates in electric quantity balance in a time period t;
forecasting provincial dispatching load for a power grid in a time period t, wherein the unit MWh is used for rolling forecasting the load demand from the current day to the end of the month every day and is a dynamic change value; when Δ N t >When epsilon is needed, positive deviation is expressed, and the output force of the hydropower station needs to be increased to meet the load requirement; when Δ N t <When epsilon is lower, negative deviation is represented, and the output of the hydropower station needs to be reduced to meet the power balance; when |. DELTA.N t When | ≦ ε, it meansThe load is basically balanced; wherein the calculation accuracy epsilon =0.001MWh.
6) And adjusting the electric quantity decomposition plan of the cascade hydropower station group. The adjustment of the decomposition plan needs to solve core problems of how to select and adjust the hydropower stations, the sequence of the hydropower stations participating in adjustment, the output adjustment range and the like, and the problems are mainly processed by experience in actual scheduling, so that the quality of a result is greatly related to the accumulation of the scheduling experience. Therefore, the target function 1 and the target function 2 are respectively adopted as quantization indexes according to different seasons, the indexes have positive signs, and the larger the positive index value is, the more serious the monthly accumulated generated energy of the hydropower station is overflowed is, and the output needs to be reduced preferentially; the smaller the negative index value is, the more serious the monthly accumulated actual generated energy undergeneration of the hydropower station is, and the output needs to be increased preferentially; the closer the index data is to 0, the closer the hydropower station power generation amount is to the planned power amount. By utilizing the quantization indexes, the adjustment strategy of the electric quantity decomposition plan of the cascade hydropower station group is as follows:
when Δ N t >When the power grid is in short of power, the output of the hydropower station needs to be increased to meet the balance of supply and demand, the objective functions participating in optimization calculation of the hydropower station are calculated, the hydropower stations without free capacity or with water levels reaching dead water levels are eliminated, then the objective function values with signs are sorted from small to large, the higher the sorting, the larger the difference between the hydropower station and the planned electric quantity, the output is preferentially increased, and the aim of promoting the hydropower station to finish trading electric quantity as soon as possible is fulfilled. And if no negative deviation hydropower station exists, increasing the output force of the balance power plant and the output force of the positive deviation hydropower station in sequence until the balance load gap is reached.
When Δ N t <And when the power grid is surplus electricity, the output of the hydropower station needs to be reduced to meet the balance of supply and demand, an objective function which participates in optimization calculation of the hydropower station is calculated, the hydropower station with abandoned water is eliminated (only the objective function 2 is effective), then the objective function values with signs are sorted from large to small, the higher the sorting is, the more serious the excess generation amount of the hydropower station is, the output is reduced preferentially, and the purpose is to avoid the influence of the excess generation on the execution of other hydropower station trading plans. If no positive deviation hydropower station exists, the output forces of the balance power plant and the negative deviation hydropower station are sequentially reduced until a balance load gap exists.
When Δ N t |≤εAnd (3) indicating that the load of the power grid is balanced at the t-th moment, the solving frame diagram of the invention is shown in figure 1.
The invention mainly considers the problems of water abandonment and fair execution of trading electric quantity in the electric power market environment with water and electricity in the domination. On one hand, under the policy of adhering to energy conservation and emission reduction and the policy of preferentially surfing the internet by clean energy, water and electricity need to consider abandoning water as little as possible; on the other hand, on the premise that monthly transaction electric quantity is determined, different hydropower stations should avoid unfairness problems such as excess generation, less generation, inconsistent completion progress and the like as much as possible, so that under the electric power market environment, two situations of flood season and non-flood season need to be considered for resolving and checking the large-scale hydropower station group transaction electric quantity:
(1) objective function 1: during the flood season, most hydropower stations have water abandon, and fair execution of the trading electric quantity should be considered preferentially at the moment, so the invention takes the minimum deviation maximum value between the monthly accumulated electric energy generation completion progress of each hydropower station and the system plan completion progress as a target, and the target function is as follows:
in the formula, F 1 Representing the maximum deviation value of the monthly accumulated power generation amount completion degree of all the hydropower stations in the time period t and the system planning completion degree; t represents the number of days of the month;
the monthly accumulated power generation amount of the hydropower station m from the beginning of a month to the t-th time period is represented; e m The total monthly transaction electric quantity of the hydropower station m is represented in a unit MWh; the calculation time scale is day, the latest load prediction, runoff prediction and actual monthly accumulated generated energy are used as boundary conditions, and the calculation is performed in a rolling manner every day until the end of a month; and M is the total number of the hydropower stations calculated for optimization.
(2) The objective function 2: during the non-flood period, the most hydropower stations have less water, the minimum water abandonment or no water abandonment is considered preferentially, and then the fair execution of the transaction electric quantity is considered, so the invention takes the minimum relative deviation maximum value between the monthly accumulated generated energy and the transaction electric quantity as a target, and the target function is as follows:
in the formula, F 2 And the maximum deviation value of the accumulated power generation amount and the transaction power amount at the end of each month of all the hydropower stations is represented. Compared with the target 1, the target 2 does not pursue the consistency of the completion progress of all the hydropower stations in each time interval, and only needs to complete monthly transaction electric quantity as much as possible, so that the phenomenon that the monthly accumulated electric quantity is over-or under-generated is avoided.
The constraint condition expression is as follows:
(1) Restriction of water balance
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
forecasting the warehousing flow, the generating flow and the water abandoning flow of the hydropower station m in a time period t respectively, wherein the unit is m 3 /s；
And
representing the initial and final storage capacity of the hydropower station m in the unit of m in the t period 3 ；△ t =24 × 60 × 60, unit s.
(2) Single slot load balancing constraints
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the average output of the hydropower station m in a time period t is unit MW;
average output of a hydropower station x which does not participate in water balance and only participates in electric quantity balance in a time period t;
and forecasting the provincial dispatching load of the power grid in a time period t, wherein the load demand from the current day to the end of the month is dynamically changed in unit MWh in a rolling mode every day.
(3) Hydropower station monthly transaction electric quantity constraint
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and E m The constraints are respectively the generated energy and monthly transaction total electric quantity of the hydropower station m in the time period t, and are only effective on the objective function 1 and ineffective on the objective function 2 in the unit of MWh.
(4) Transmission control section constraints
The system comprises a plurality of primary control sections and a hydropower station, each primary control section can also comprise a plurality of secondary control sections and the hydropower station, and so on:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and
the total output of a hydropower station with a kth-level control section and the upper transmission limit of the section are represented, and the unit MW is determined according to the operation mode of a power grid; m is k Representing the number of hydropower stations directly incorporated into the kth level control section; and K represents the control section grading number.
(5) Output daily amplitude limiting constraint
In the formula, DELTA N m The output variation amplitude of the hydropower station m in the front and back two periods is shown, and the constraint main function is to avoid the influence of overlarge output daily variation on the navigation safety of the upstream and the downstream.
Other constraints are: upper and lower limits of water level, upper and lower limits of output, upper and lower limits of generated flow and the like.
The monthly transaction electric quantity tracking decomposition and verification method for the large-scale hydropower station group, which is provided by the patent, is verified by taking the monthly transaction electric quantity tracking decomposition of the Yunnan province of China as a research object. According to the method, practical data of No. 7/9/5/9 in 2018 are adopted to verify flood and dry season models respectively, no. 1-9 are practical data, no. 10-31 are simulation data, FIGS. 2 and 3 are power grid load balance diagrams, FIGS. 4 and 5 are scheduling process diagrams of hydropower stations in the dry season of flood, table 1 is the results of over/under power generation and water abandon of each hydropower station under different targets in the dry season, and the following conclusions are drawn in the aspects of whole grid load balance, electric quantity completion progress and water abandon respectively:
(1) And (4) load balancing of the whole network. The power supply related to the whole network load balance is to balance all hydropower, thermal power, wind power and photovoltaics in province of Yunnan province, and supposing that the daily power generation plans of the thermal power, the wind power, the photovoltaics and a small part of hydropower stations are determined values, so that the aim of focusing 50 hydropower station group transaction electric quantity decomposition and check method is to check. From the overall view of fig. 2 and 3, after the electric quantity not participating in the optimization calculation of the trading electric quantity of the hydropower station is deducted, the hydropower station participating in the optimization calculation better realizes load balance when the electric quantity is decomposed in flood and dry periods, and the phenomenon of over-generation or under-generation does not occur in the whole network.
(2) Electric quantity completion progress and water abandon condition.
Firstly, the flood season scheme is analyzed, and the results in Table 1 show that the average values of the super/low power generation amount of river basins of the target 1 billcang river, jinsha river, zhujiang river, red river and Yiluowan river in the flood season are-1.59%, -2.55%, -9.06%, -5.18% and 0.23%, the average values of the deviation of the river basins of the target 2 are-16.53%, 5.86%, -19.65%, -31.5% and 22.92%, and the absolute value of the target 1 is determinedThe absolute values of the values are respectively reduced by 938.04%, 129.9%, 116.7%, 507.18% and 9531.09% compared with the absolute value of the target 2, and the target 1 can better control the excess/deficiency of the power generation amount of the hydropower station; on the other hand, the average values of the water abandoning amounts of all watersheds of the flood season target 1 are 116556, 212252, 13993, 3885 and 35022 ten thousand meters respectively 3 The average of the water abandon amount of each basin of the target 2 is 116775, 190832, 8455, 8409 and 30742 ten thousand meters respectively 3 The water abandon amount of a target 1 of a river basin at the bottom of Jinshajiang river, zhujiang river and Yiluowa is respectively increased by 11.22 percent, 65.5 percent and 13.92 percent compared with that of a target 2, the water abandon amount of a target 2 of the lancangjiang river basin is basically kept equal, but the water abandon amount of the target 2 of the red river basin is larger than that of the target 1, the reason is that the water abandon amount of each hydropower station in the red river basin is much smaller than that of other hydropower stations in the basin, when the load is larger than the total output and the output of the hydropower stations is required to be increased, the hydropower stations with large water abandon amount are sorted from large to small, the hydropower stations with large water abandon amount are preferentially increased, and the aim is to balance the water abandon force of each hydropower station as much as possible. On the whole, although the average of the water abandon amount of the target 2 is 7% less than that of the target 1, the average of the over/under power generation amount of the target 2 is 144.6% more than that of the target 1, which means that the monthly accumulated power generation amount of each water hydropower station of the target 2 has larger deviation with the planned power generation amount and lower standard reaching rate, the balance consideration is considered in the aspect of increasing the standard reaching rate of the water abandon amount and the trading power generation amount, the compensation space of the storage capacity in the flood season is limited, the target 1 is more suitable for the flood season scheme, and the calculation results of part of the water hydropower stations are shown in fig. 4. The graph comprises two types of hydropower stations, namely the hydropower stations with good standard reaching rate (the coincidence degree of the calculation schedule and the planned schedule is very good) and the hydropower stations with poor standard reaching rate (the coincidence degree of the calculation schedule and the planned schedule is very good), wherein the former hydropower stations such as Huangdeng, dahua bridge and cliff goat have large rise in output from No. 10 to No. 16 because the monthly accumulative output of No. 1 to No. 9 does not meet the requirement of the planned schedule, and the power generation schedules are arranged properly when the electric quantity is decomposed to promote the hydropower stations to follow the planned schedule as soon as possible; the output of 10-16 hydropower stations such as the Xiluodi hydropower station, the first rock hydropower station and the Sinan river hydropower station has large fall because the monthly accumulated actual power generation amount of 1-9 exceeds the planned schedule requirement, and the power generation plan is properly reduced during decomposition, so that excessive power generation in the later period is avoided, and the execution of trading plans of other hydropower stations is influenced; hydropower stations with poor standard reaching rate, such as a matchite beach, a marquee mountain, south sand and the like, cannot complete planned electric quantity, and the main reason is that the hydropower stations can supply water very muchHowever, the monthly transaction power is large, and after the water balance check, the upper reservoir water level is reduced to the dead water level, and the subsequent power generation plan cannot be assumed, which can be verified from the water level and the reservoir flow rate on the left side of fig. 4.
Analyzing the scheme of the dead period, wherein the deviation mean values of the super/low power generation amounts of the target 1 of the river basin at the bottom of Langjiang, jinshajiang, zhujiang, red river and Yiluowa are-6.95%, -4.39%, -8.2%, -8.07%, -6.66%, the deviation mean values of the target 2 are-6.69%, 12.01%, -9.75%, -4.67% and 52.62%, the deviations of the target 2 are-3.71%, 173.07%, 18.86%, -42.13% and 689.63% respectively compared with the target 1, and the deviations of the two targets of the rest 4 river basins are not large except the river basin at the bottom of Yiluowa; on the other hand, the average values of the amounts of waste water in the respective watersheds of the target 1 are 2560, 1452, 3528, 1900 and 7111 ten thousand meters 3 The average of the water curtailment amounts of the watershed of the target 2 is 209, 772, 213, 444 and 913 ten thousand meters respectively 3 The water abandon amount of the target 2 is respectively reduced by 1143 percent, 88 percent, 1555 percent, 328 percent and 679 percent compared with the target 1, and the total water abandon amount is reduced by 15 hundred million m 3 . In an overall view, the overall deviation absolute values of the over/under power generation quantities of the target 1 and the target 2 are respectively 6.58% and 9.49%, the deviation is small, but the average value of the water abandon quantity of the target 1 is 2988 ten thousand m 3 Target 2 is only 550 km 3 The reduction amplitude is as high as 443%, the reduction amplitude is very obvious, the balance consideration is carried out on the aspects of the increase of the standard reaching rate of the abandoned water amount and the trading electric quantity, the compensation space of the storage capacity in the dry period is larger, the target 2 is more suitable for the dry period scheme, and the calculation results of partial hydropower stations are shown in fig. 5. The map also comprises two types of hydropower stations with poor standard reaching rate, such as a great reach river step, a Taiping river step and the like, which have serious excessive power generation because the hydropower stations have poor regulation performance, and when the incoming water is large and the monthly transaction power amount is too small, the power generation amount is exceeded to avoid water abandonment, and the power generation share occupied by the excessive power generation is vacated by the hydropower stations with good regulation performance; when the water supply of the hydropower station with poor adjusting performance is reduced, the water abandonment is reduced, and at the moment, the hydropower station with adjusting capacity is correspondingly provided with more power generation plans to meet the load requirement, so the power output process of the hydropower station with adjusting capacity is basically in a bow shape, such as a Jinan bridge, a Longkou, guanyin rock and the like. Bay waterThe power station does not plan the electric quantity, because the hydropower station is a balanced power plant, is not limited by the trading electric quantity and plays a role in balancing the load of a power grid.
The simulation calculation result shows that the model provided by the invention can basically meet the practical requirement of the current monthly electric quantity trading market of the Yunnan electric power trading center, effectively solves the actual problem that the current electric quantity trading and power generation dispatching are not closely linked, and improves the fine dispatching level of the Yunnan electric power trading center.
Claims (9)
1. A decomposition and check method for monthly transaction electric quantity of a large-scale hydropower station group is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) predicting daily scale load: forecasting provincial dispatching load with day as scale and month as cycle;
step 2) determining the load boundary conditions of the optimized calculation hydropower station: calculating the water balance and the electric quantity balance of the hydropower station according to the fixed-water-by-electricity participation, and deducting the daily power generation plan of thermal power, wind power and photovoltaic power supply from the provincial and adjustable load predicted in the step 1), wherein the residual load is the load boundary condition of the hydropower station for optimizing calculation;
step 3) correcting the limitation of the transmission section, wherein the limitation of the transmission section comprises the limitation of transmission capacity, and when the active power transmitted by the line exceeds the static stability limit, the active power of the online hydropower station is limited;
step 4) correcting the water balance relationship of the cascade hydropower station, and rechecking the water balance relationship of the cascade hydropower station according to different objective functions as quantitative indexes after the predicted runoff information changes;
step 5) after the water quantity is corrected and the power transmission section limit is corrected by utilizing the predicted runoff information, correcting the power balance relation of each time interval according to the load deviation of the following day;
step 6) adjusting the electric quantity decomposition plan of the cascade hydropower station group by adopting different objective functions as quantization indexes according to different seasons;
the objective function comprises an objective function 1 and an objective function 2, the objective function 1 takes the minimum deviation maximum value between the monthly accumulated power generation amount completion progress of each hydropower station on the same day and the system plan completion progress as a target, and the objective function is as follows:
the objective function 2 takes the minimum maximum value of the relative deviation between the monthly accumulated power generation and the transaction power as a target, and the objective function is as follows:
in the formula, F 1 Representing the maximum deviation value of the monthly accumulated power generation amount completion degree and the system planned completion degree of all the hydropower stations in the time period t, F 2 Representing the maximum deviation value of the accumulated power generation amount and the transaction electric quantity at the end of a month of all the hydropower stations; t represents the number of days of the month;
representing the monthly accumulated power generation amount of the hydropower station m from the beginning of the month to the t-th period; e m Representing the monthly transaction total electric quantity of the hydropower station m, unit MWh; calculating the time scale as day, and rolling and calculating every day to the end of the month by using the latest load prediction, runoff prediction and actual monthly accumulated generated energy as boundary conditions; and M is the total number of the hydropower stations calculated for optimization.
2. The method of decomposing and checking monthly transaction electricity quantities of a large-scale hydropower station group according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 4), when the objective function 1 is adopted for optimized scheduling, an electric water-fixing algorithm is adopted, and if water is abandoned, the water is abandoned normally; when the objective function 2 is adopted for optimized scheduling, if the water is predicted to be greatly abandoned, the water abandoning risk exists in power generation according to the transaction electric quantity, the planned output force is increased to reduce the water abandoning, in order to avoid severe fluctuation of daily average water level in the scheduling period, the output force is uniformly increased on the basis of the original planned output force until the power generation output force or the power generation flow reaches the maximum, and if the water abandoning is still available, the power generation is normally abandoned; if the predicted water supply in the dispatching period is small and the trading electric quantity cannot be met, the planned output force is reduced in the upper and middle ten days to maintain a high water level, the water head effect is fully utilized to generate electricity, and the output force is gradually increased to the dead water level after the end of a month to complete the monthly trading electric quantity as much as possible.
3. The method for decomposing and checking monthly transaction electricity quantity of large-scale hydropower station groups according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in step 5), the subsequent daily load deviation is calculated as follows:
4. The method for decomposing and checking monthly transaction electricity quantity of large-scale hydropower station groups according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 6), the objective function 1 and the objective function 2 are respectively adopted as quantization indexes according to different seasons, the indexes are plus or minus, and the larger the positive index value is, the more serious the monthly accumulated generated energy of the hydropower station is overflowed, and the output needs to be preferentially reduced; the smaller the negative index value is, the more serious the monthly accumulated generated energy of the hydropower station is lack of generation is, and the output needs to be increased preferentially; the closer the index data is to 0, the closer the hydropower station power generation amount is to the planned power amount.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step hydropower station group electric quantity decomposition plan adjustment strategy using the quantitative index is as follows:
when Δ N t When the power grid is over epsilon, indicating that the power grid is in short of power, increasing the output of the hydropower station to meet supply and demand balance, calculating an objective function participating in optimization calculation of the hydropower station, eliminating the hydropower stations without idle capacity or with water levels reaching dead water levels, then sequencing the objective function values with signs from small to large, indicating that the difference between the hydropower station and the planned electric quantity is larger as the sequencing is closer to the front, preferentially increasing the output, and if no negative deviation hydropower station exists, sequentially increasing the outputs of a balance power plant and a positive deviation hydropower station until a balance load gap exists;
when Δ N t When the power grid is lower than epsilon, the surplus power of the power grid is represented, the output of the hydropower station needs to be reduced to meet the balance of supply and demand, an objective function participating in optimization calculation of the hydropower station is calculated, the hydropower station with abandoned water is eliminated, then objective function values with positive signs and negative signs are sequenced from large to small, the more front the sequencing is, the more serious the super power generation amount of the hydropower station is, the output is preferentially reduced, and if no positive deviation hydropower station exists, the output of a balance power plant and the output of a negative deviation hydropower station are sequentially reduced until a balance load gap exists;
when | Δ N t When | ≦ epsilon, it means that the load of the power grid is balanced at the t-th moment.
6. The method for decomposing and checking monthly transaction electric quantity of large-scale hydropower stations according to claim 1, 2, 4 or 5, characterized in that in the step 1), the total amount of the current monthly load is predicted according to the increase and decrease trend of the total amount of the historical monthly load, the total amount of the intra-provincial predicted load is distributed to each day in an equal ratio by taking the historical contemporaneous daily scale load as a typical monthly load, an initial load prediction result is obtained, then the intra-provincial predicted load of one week after the correction is rolled by using a time series method according to the actual daily scale load of one week before the current time, and the intra-provincial predicted load after the correction is superposed with the western electric east delivery and outbound loads to form the provincial load needing to be balanced.
7. The method for decomposing and checking monthly transaction electric quantity of the large-scale hydropower station group according to claim 1, 2, 4 or 5, characterized in that in the step 3), according to section data obtained by a daily operation mode of a power grid, a daily rolling mode is adopted to dynamically update a section limit value, when an objective function 1 is adopted for optimization solution, if a section is higher or lower, output of each hydropower station on the section is strictly reduced or increased according to an equal ratio until the section limit requirement is met, and related constraint conditions of reservoir water level limit, power generation flow limit and hydropower station output limit are also considered in the whole process.
8. The method for decomposing and checking monthly transaction electric quantity of the large-scale hydropower station group according to claim 1, 2, 4 or 5, wherein in the step 3), when the objective function 2 is adopted for optimization solution, if the section is higher than the upper limit, the objective function of each hydropower station on the section is calculated, abandoned hydropower stations are removed, then objective function values with signs are sorted from large to small, the higher the sorting is, the more serious the power generation excess of the hydropower stations is, the output of the hydropower station close to the front is preferentially reduced, the purpose is to avoid the influence of the excess on the execution of the transaction plans of the other hydropower stations, and if the objective values are the same, the equivalence is reduced; if the section is lower, the hydropower stations without free capacity or with water levels reaching the dead water level are removed, then the target function values with signs are sorted from small to large, the higher the sorting is, the larger the difference between the hydropower stations and the planned electric quantity is, the higher the deviation is, the output of the hydropower stations close to the front is preferentially increased, the aim is to promote the hydropower stations to finish trading electric quantity as soon as possible, and similarly, if the target values are the same, the equal ratio is increased.
9. The method for decomposing and checking monthly transaction electric quantity of large-scale hydropower stations according to claim 1 or 2, wherein planned output of three power sources of fire, wind and light is deducted in the step 1).
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