CN113869807A - Urban flood toughness capability assessment system and method - Google Patents
Urban flood toughness capability assessment system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a system and a method for evaluating urban flood toughness capacity, and relates to the technical field of disaster prevention and reduction. The system comprises a data acquisition module, a modeling module, an index acquisition module, a calculation module and an evaluation module: the data acquisition module is used for acquiring meteorological data and disaster bearing cost of multiple urban historical disasters and acquiring different disaster grades according to the meteorological data and the disaster bearing cost; the modeling module is used for establishing an urban flood toughness evaluation model; the index acquisition module is used for respectively selecting a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model; the calculation module is used for carrying out standardization processing on a plurality of different toughness evaluation indexes and carrying out weight calculation to obtain different weight values; the evaluation module is used for calculating a plurality of different toughness evaluation indexes subjected to standardization processing and corresponding weight values so as to obtain the urban flood toughness index. The method can accurately evaluate the anti-disaster toughness capability of the city and find out the toughness deficiency of the city facing disaster prevention and reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of disaster prevention and reduction, in particular to a system and a method for evaluating urban flood toughness.
Background
The natural disasters in China have high occurrence frequency, extreme meteorological events, flood disasters and secondary derivative disasters are in a growing trend, and serious losses are brought to the lives, properties and social economy of people. People cannot construct a city without disasters, the traditional rigid defense mode is not enough to meet the requirements of disaster prevention and reduction, and the mode needs to be converted into a flexible disaster reduction mode to promote the sustainable development of the city. Therefore, the toughness of urban disasters can be evaluated by taking cities as research targets based on the toughness action mechanism.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for evaluating urban flood toughness capacity, which can accurately evaluate the disaster-resistant toughness capacity of cities for coping with floods of different degrees and find out the toughness deficiency of cities for disaster prevention and reduction.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an urban flood toughness capability assessment system, which includes a data acquisition module, a modeling module, an index acquisition module, a calculation module, and an assessment module: the data acquisition module is used for acquiring meteorological data and disaster bearing cost of multiple historical disasters of a city, and grading the disaster intensity according to the meteorological data and the disaster bearing cost to obtain different disaster grades; the modeling module is used for acquiring a current urban three-dimensional map and a water system distribution map and establishing an urban flood toughness evaluation model according to the urban three-dimensional map and the water system distribution map; the index acquisition module is used for respectively selecting a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes of floods with different disaster grades at different stages according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model; the computing module is used for carrying out standardization processing on the multiple different toughness evaluation indexes by using an extreme value method and carrying out weight computation on the multiple toughness evaluation indexes subjected to standardization processing so as to obtain different weight values; the evaluation module is used for calculating a plurality of different toughness evaluation indexes subjected to standardization and corresponding weighted values by using a comprehensive evaluation method so as to obtain the urban flood toughness index when the city deals with disasters of different levels.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the toughness evaluation index includes a positive index and a negative index: the formula for normalizing the forward indicator is as follows:
(ii) a The formula for normalizing the negative indicators is as follows:
(ii) a Wherein x isijAs index raw data, YijTo normalize the data.
In some embodiments of the invention, the different stages of the disaster include before, at and after the disaster: when the disaster stage is before the disaster occurs, a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes selected according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model comprise one or more of urban green plant coverage rate, urban underground water acquisition amount and urban river density; when the disaster stage is a disaster, a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes selected according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model comprise one or more of drainage system coverage rate, urban building density and river channel or coastal dam construction amount; when the disaster stage is that a disaster occurs, a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes selected according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model comprise one or more of urban road network density, urban disaster avoiding facility quantity, personnel and medical facility per capita quantity and rainfall flood resource utilization quantity.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the urban toughness assessment index obtained according to different stages of the disaster includes any one or more of a prevention toughness index, an absorption toughness index, and an enhanced toughness index.
In some embodiments of the invention, the modeling module comprises an image processing unit, a cutting unit, a training unit and a combination unit, wherein the image processing unit is used for acquiring a first feature point of the urban three-dimensional map, acquiring a coordinate value of the first feature point, performing coordinate conversion on the coordinate value, mapping the converted coordinate value on the water system distribution map to acquire a second feature point, and overlapping the water system distribution map and the urban three-dimensional image according to the first feature point and the second feature point to acquire an urban water system interaction map; the cutting unit divides the urban water system interactive image according to regions to obtain a plurality of subarea images; the training unit inputs the partitioned images into a convolutional neural network to train and obtain a region model; the combination unit is used for combining the area models of the plurality of areas to obtain an urban flood toughness evaluation model.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for evaluating urban flood toughness capability, including the following steps: acquiring meteorological data and disaster bearing cost of multiple historical disasters of a city, and grading the disaster intensity according to the meteorological data and the disaster bearing cost to obtain different disaster grades; acquiring a current urban three-dimensional map and a water system distribution map, and establishing an urban flood toughness evaluation model according to the urban three-dimensional map and the water system distribution map; respectively selecting a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes of floods with different disaster grades at different stages according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model; carrying out standardization processing on a plurality of different toughness evaluation indexes by using an extreme value method, and carrying out weight calculation on the plurality of toughness evaluation indexes subjected to standardization processing to obtain different weight values; and calculating a plurality of different toughness evaluation indexes subjected to standardization and corresponding weight values by using a comprehensive evaluation method to obtain the urban flood toughness index when the city deals with disasters of different levels.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the toughness evaluation index includes a positive index and a negative index: the formula for normalizing the forward indicator is as follows:
(ii) a The formula for normalizing the negative indicators is as follows:
(ii) a Wherein x isijAs index raw data, YijTo normalize the data.
In some embodiments of the invention, the different phases of the flood include before, at, and after the occurrence of the disaster: when the disaster stage is before the disaster occurs, a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes selected according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model comprise one or more of urban green plant coverage rate, urban underground water acquisition amount and urban river density; when the disaster stage is a disaster, a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes selected according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model comprise one or more of drainage system coverage rate, urban building density and river channel or coastal dam construction amount; when the disaster stage is that a disaster occurs, a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes selected according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model comprise one or more of urban road network density, urban disaster avoiding facility quantity, personnel and medical facility per capita quantity and rainfall flood resource utilization quantity.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes a memory for storing one or more programs; a processor. The program or programs, when executed by a processor, implement the method of any of the second aspects as described above.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method according to any one of the above second aspects.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an urban flood toughness capability assessment system, which is characterized by comprising a data acquisition module, a modeling module, an index acquisition module, a calculation module, and an assessment module: the data acquisition module is used for acquiring meteorological data and disaster bearing cost of multiple urban historical disasters, analyzing the urban disaster bearing degree of the city over the years according to the urban historical meteorological data and the disaster bearing cost, and grading the disaster intensity according to the disaster bearing degree to obtain different disaster grades; the modeling module is used for acquiring a current urban three-dimensional map and a water system distribution map and establishing an urban flood toughness evaluation model according to the urban three-dimensional map and the water system distribution map; the index acquisition module is used for respectively selecting a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes of floods with different disaster grades at different stages according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model; the computing module is used for carrying out standardization processing on the multiple different toughness evaluation indexes by using an extreme value method and carrying out weight computation on the multiple toughness evaluation indexes subjected to standardization processing so as to obtain different weight values; the evaluation module is used for calculating a plurality of different toughness evaluation indexes subjected to standardization and corresponding weighted values by using a comprehensive evaluation method so as to obtain the urban flood toughness index when the city deals with disasters of different levels.
Aiming at the first aspect, the invention analyzes the disaster bearing degree of the city over the years according to the historical meteorological data and the historical disaster bearing cost through the data acquisition module, and grades the disaster intensity according to the disaster bearing degree, thereby being convenient for evaluating the disaster bearing capacity of the city to disasters with different grades. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a current urban three-dimensional map and a water system distribution map through a modeling module, and establishing an urban flood toughness evaluation model according to the urban three-dimensional map and the water system distribution map, so that an urban water system and urban geography can be combined, and monitoring of influence of disasters on the whole city stage is facilitated; a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes of disasters of different grades at different stages are respectively selected by an index acquisition module according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model, so that the urban flood toughness can be evaluated from multiple directions; the computing module is used for carrying out standardization processing on a plurality of different toughness evaluation indexes by utilizing an extreme method, so that the evaluation indexes of different dimensions are converted into dimensionless pure numerical values, and comparison and weighting are facilitated. And performing weight calculation on the plurality of toughness evaluation indexes subjected to standardization processing to obtain different weight values, thereby obtaining different importance degrees of the different evaluation indexes in urban flood toughness capability evaluation and obtaining more accurate evaluation results. And calculating a plurality of different toughness evaluation indexes subjected to standardization processing and corresponding weighted values by using a comprehensive evaluation method through an evaluation module so as to obtain the urban flood toughness index when the city deals with disasters of different levels. Therefore, the urban flood toughness capacity can be accurately reflected through the urban flood toughness index.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for evaluating urban flood toughness capability, including the following steps: acquiring meteorological data and disaster bearing cost of multiple urban historical disasters, analyzing the urban disaster bearing degree of the city over the years according to the urban historical meteorological data and the disaster bearing cost, and grading the disaster intensity according to the disaster bearing degree to obtain different disaster grades; acquiring a current urban three-dimensional map and a water system distribution map, and establishing an urban flood toughness evaluation model according to the urban three-dimensional map and the water system distribution map; respectively selecting a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes of floods with different disaster grades at different stages according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model; carrying out standardization processing on a plurality of different toughness evaluation indexes by using an extreme value method, and carrying out weight calculation on the plurality of toughness evaluation indexes subjected to standardization processing to obtain different weight values; and calculating a plurality of different toughness evaluation indexes subjected to standardization and corresponding weight values by using a comprehensive evaluation method to obtain the urban flood toughness index when the city deals with disasters of different levels.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes a memory for storing one or more programs; a processor. The program or programs, when executed by a processor, implement the method of any of the second aspects as described above.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method according to any one of the above second aspects.
With respect to the second to fourth aspects, the principle and advantageous effects of the embodiments of the present application are the same as those of the first aspect, and a repeated description thereof is not necessary.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an urban flood toughness capability evaluation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of an urban flood toughness capability assessment method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numbers in the figures: 101-memory, 102-processor, 103-communication interface, 201-data acquisition module, 202-modeling module, 203-index acquisition module, 204-calculation module, 205-evaluation module and 206-urban flood toughness capability evaluation system.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but it should be understood that these embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that functional, methodological, or structural equivalents or substitutions made by these embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an urban flood toughness capability evaluation system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
An urban flood toughness capability evaluation system 206 comprises a data acquisition module 201, a modeling module 202, an index acquisition module 203, a calculation module 204 and an evaluation module 205: the data acquisition module 201 is configured to acquire meteorological data and disaster bearing cost of multiple historical disasters in a city, and grade the disaster intensity according to the meteorological data and the disaster bearing cost to obtain different disaster grades; the modeling module 202 is used for obtaining a current urban three-dimensional map and a water system distribution map and establishing an urban flood toughness evaluation model according to the urban three-dimensional map and the water system distribution map; the index acquisition module 203 is used for respectively selecting a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes of floods with different disaster grades at different stages according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model; the calculating module 204 is configured to perform normalization processing on the multiple different toughness evaluation indexes by using an extreme method, and perform weight calculation on the multiple toughness evaluation indexes subjected to normalization processing to obtain different weight values; the evaluation module 205 is configured to calculate, by using a comprehensive evaluation method, a plurality of different standardized toughness evaluation indicators and corresponding weight values to obtain an urban flood toughness index when the city deals with disasters of different levels.
Specifically, the data obtaining module 201 obtains weather data of the city when the flood occurs for a plurality of times in history, which includes various data related to the cause of the flood, such as rainfall, atmospheric circulation situation, typhoon data, and the like, and the city history disaster cost includes city economic loss, which includes infrastructure damage degree, shutdown loss, personal article loss, and the like, and also includes casualties. And comprehensively obtaining the disaster intensity grading of multiple disasters through historical meteorological data and urban historical disaster bearing cost. The method can be divided into extra-large disasters, larger disasters, secondary disasters and small disasters according to the monitoring value of meteorological data and the loss caused by the meteorological data. The modeling module 202 is used for obtaining a city three-dimensional map of the current city through a remote sensing technology according to the city development planning, wherein the city three-dimensional map comprises various geological conditions and city planning conditions. The obtained water system image comprises river network and lake images and relief size. An urban flood toughness evaluation model is established through the obtained urban three-dimensional such as water system distribution diagram, so that an urban water system and urban geography can be combined, and the urban impact of flood on cities can be monitored in a whole stage through the urban flood toughness index acquisition module 203. The index collection module 203 is configured to select a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes of the disasters of different levels at different stages according to the obtained urban flood toughness evaluation model, where the plurality of toughness evaluation indexes may be various data indexes such as urban ponding conditions, peak transit speed, intra-country river flow, and emergency response speed of disaster relief. Therefore, the disaster resistance of the city can be clearly predicted before the flood occurs. When flood disasters occur, the flowing route of a flood peak and the potential water accumulation situation of a low-lying area of a city are monitored at any time, the urban disaster handling capacity is obtained, and after the disasters occur, the urban disaster relief speed capability is recovered. Because the toughness evaluation indexes have different properties and the collected different toughness evaluation indexes have different dimensions, the calculation module 204 is used for carrying out standardization processing on the different toughness evaluation indexes so as to convert the toughness evaluation indexes into dimensionless pure numerical values, so that comparison and weighting are convenient to carry out, the effect of the evaluation indexes with higher numerical values in comprehensive analysis is avoided, the effect of the evaluation indexes with lower numerical levels is relatively weakened, and the reliability of results is ensured. After the plurality of toughness evaluation indexes are subjected to standardization processing, weight calculation is carried out on each index to obtain different weight values, so that different importance degrees of different evaluation indexes in urban flood toughness capability evaluation are obtained, and a more accurate evaluation result is obtained. In this embodiment, the weight calculation may be performed by combining a delphire method, an analytic hierarchy process, and an entropy weight method, so as to achieve the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, improve the scientificity of the obtained result, and ensure the accuracy of the result. The evaluation module 205 is configured to calculate, by using a comprehensive evaluation method, a plurality of different toughness evaluation indexes belonging to the same level of disaster after the standardization process and weight values obtained by calculation thereof, so as to obtain an urban flood toughness index of the city for coping with different levels of disasters, and the urban flood toughness index can accurately reflect the anti-disaster toughness capability of the city for coping with different levels of disasters. For example, if the obtained multiple evaluation indexes are a1, a2, and A3 respectively, normalized values obtained after normalization are RE1, RE2, and RE3 respectively, and weighted values obtained after weight calculation are b1, b2, and b3 respectively, the obtained urban flood toughness index is C = b1 × RE1+ b2 × RE2+ b3 × RE 3. Wherein, the higher the obtained urban flood toughness index is, the stronger the anti-disaster toughness capability is. And by acquiring the urban flood toughness indexes of the city at different stages of the disaster, the disaster-resistant toughness capacity of the city at different stages of the disaster can be acquired.
In the present inventionIn some embodiments, the toughness evaluation index includes a positive index and a negative index: the formula for normalizing the forward indicator is as follows:
(ii) a The formula for normalizing the negative indicators is as follows:
(ii) a Wherein x isijFor the evaluation of the raw data of the toughness, YijTo normalize the data.
In detail, in this embodiment, the method for normalizing different values is an extreme value method, wherein the obtained toughness evaluation index includes a positive index and a negative index. The positive index is an index positively correlated with the target, namely the index capable of improving the toughness of the urban flood, and the negative index is an index positively correlated with the target, namely the index capable of reducing the toughness of the urban flood. When the selected toughness evaluation index is a forward index, a formula is adopted
Calculating to obtain standardized data, and adopting a formula when the selected toughness evaluation index is a negative index
The calculation was performed to obtain normalized data. Therefore, a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes fall in the interval of 0 to 1, and weighting calculation is facilitated.
In some embodiments of the invention, the different stages of the disaster include before, at and after the disaster: when the disaster stage is before the disaster occurs, a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes selected according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model comprise one or more of urban green plant coverage rate, urban underground water acquisition amount and urban river density; when the disaster stage is a disaster, a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes selected according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model comprise one or more of drainage system coverage rate, urban building density and river channel or coastal dam construction amount; when the disaster stage is that a disaster occurs, a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes selected according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model comprise one or more of urban road network density, urban disaster avoiding facility quantity, personnel and medical facility per capita quantity and rainfall flood resource utilization quantity.
In detail, the disaster occurrence stage comprises before, when and after the disaster occurs, wherein before the disaster occurs, the evaluation indexes for evaluating the toughness of the urban flood comprise one or more of urban green plant coverage, urban underground water acquisition amount and urban river density, the urban green plant coverage is a positive index, and has a close relationship with the water and soil loss, and the lower the coverage, the more serious the water and soil loss and the lower the defense capability against the flood. The urban underground water acquisition amount is a negative index, and excessive underground water pumping can cause ground settlement and reduce the bearing capacity of water-containing lands such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs and the like. When the rainfall is too large, the probability of flood occurrence can be improved, and the urban flood toughness capacity is reduced. River density and river density in urban environments, and excessively high river density also reduce urban flood toughness.
When a disaster occurs, the urban flood toughness assessment method is used for assessing one of drainage system coverage, urban building density and river or sea wall construction amount, wherein the drainage system coverage is urban drainage pipeline and drainage ditch density. Which ensures the drainage capacity of the city when flood occurs. The water drainage system is developed approximately, so that the urban flood toughness capability is stronger. The city density is too high, and when a disaster happens, people are more inconvenient to transfer and evacuate. In case of flood, the influence is greater. The urban flood toughness capability is lower. The dike or seawall construction amount is infrastructure construction. The flood control dam plays a crucial role as a first flood control barrier, the flood control capacity of the city can be improved as the construction amount of the river levee and the sea levee of the city is increased, and the urban flood toughness capacity is stronger.
After a disaster occurs, the selected toughness evaluation indexes comprise urban road network density, and the higher the urban road network density is, the more convenient the traffic is, the more beneficial the rescue is, and the higher the urban flood toughness capability is. The urban disaster-avoiding facilities comprise large disaster-avoiding places, and the larger the number of the large disaster-avoiding places in one city is, the stronger the capacity of accommodating disaster-stricken personnel is, and the stronger the urban flood toughness capacity is. The per-thousand-person hospital bed possession and the per-thousand-person certified doctor owner can be obtained through the per-thousand-person medical facility possession, and the per-thousand-person medical facility possession can reflect the medical disaster relief capability of the city after a disaster occurs, and the higher the per-person medical facility possession, the stronger the urban flood toughness capability. The utilization amount of rain flood resources is that after a disaster occurs, the utilization rate of rainwater and accumulated water in cities, such as the conversion rate of water and electricity and the conversion rate of tap water of water plants, is higher, and the higher the utilization amount of rain flood resources is, the stronger the urban flood toughness capacity is.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the urban toughness assessment index obtained according to different stages of the disaster includes any one or more of a prevention toughness index, an absorption toughness index, and an enhanced toughness index.
In detail, the urban toughness assessment indexes obtained according to different stages of the disaster are as follows: the index obtained by calculation before the occurrence of the disaster is a prevention toughness index, the index obtained by calculation before the occurrence of the disaster is an absorption toughness index, and the index obtained by calculation after the occurrence of the disaster is an enhanced toughness index. Wherein the urban preventive toughness ability, i.e. the ability of a city to attenuate the intensity of a disaster, can be evaluated by the preventive toughness index. When a disaster occurs, the index is the absorption toughness index, and the urban absorption toughness capacity can be evaluated, namely the functional loss capacity borne by the city when the disaster acts on the city. After a disaster occurs, the toughness improvement index can evaluate the toughness improvement capacity of the city, namely the adaptive recovery capacity of the city, namely the capacity of recovering a normal operation state from the disaster. The urban toughness index is divided into a prevention toughness index, an absorption toughness index and a promotion toughness index according to different disaster stages. Therefore, the toughness of the city in the whole disaster process can be evaluated more clearly.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the modeling module 202 includes an image processing unit, a cutting unit, a training unit, and a combining unit, where the image processing unit is configured to obtain a first feature point of the urban three-dimensional map, obtain a coordinate value of the first feature point, perform coordinate conversion on the coordinate value, map the converted coordinate value on the water system distribution map to obtain a second feature point, and overlap the water system distribution map with the urban three-dimensional image according to the first feature point and the second feature point to obtain an urban water system interaction map; the cutting unit divides the urban water system interactive image according to regions to obtain a plurality of subarea images; the training unit inputs the partitioned images into a convolutional neural network to train and obtain a region model; the combination unit is used for combining the area models of the plurality of areas to obtain an urban flood toughness evaluation model.
Specifically, a three-dimensional map of the city is obtained through a remote sensing mapping technology, wherein the three-dimensional map comprises a distribution map of the city road, so that the traffic capacity of the city can be reflected. The city drainage system distribution diagram and the drainage pipeline and ditch distribution diagram reflect the drainage capacity of the city. And basic architectural drawings of cities, so that the volume capacity and the evacuation capacity of the cities can be analyzed and obtained. After obtaining the city three-dimensional map of the city, the image processing unit may select a plurality of first feature points from the city edge, and obtain actual coordinate values thereof. The method includes acquiring a water system distribution diagram of a city, converting the water system distribution diagram into coordinate values corresponding to the water system distribution diagram according to coordinate conversion, and obtaining a second characteristic point corresponding to the coordinate values on the water system distribution diagram. The first characteristic point and the second characteristic point are overlapped, so that the water system distribution diagram and the urban three-dimensional image are overlapped to obtain an urban water system interaction diagram, and the processing capacity of the city to flood and the flood situation can be reflected more clearly. After the urban water system interaction diagram is obtained, the cutting unit divides the urban water system interaction diagram according to regions to obtain a plurality of subarea images, the training unit inputs the urban water system interaction diagram into the convolutional neural network to respectively train and obtain a plurality of region models, so that a large city can be thinned in a subarea mode, the processing capacity of different regions of the city on flood and the flood condition can be clearly reflected, and assessment is facilitated. After obtaining the plurality of area models, the combination unit combines the area models to obtain an urban flood toughness evaluation model which can be learned and updated in real time according to urban planning changes and water system changes.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating urban flood toughness according to an embodiment of the present application.
The embodiment of the application provides an urban flood toughness capacity assessment method, which comprises the following steps:
s110: acquiring meteorological data and disaster bearing cost of multiple historical disasters of a city, and grading the disaster intensity according to the meteorological data and the disaster bearing cost to obtain different disaster grades;
the method comprises the steps of obtaining weather data of cities during multiple historical flood disasters, wherein the weather data comprises various data related to flood causes such as rainfall, atmospheric circulation situation, typhoon data and the like, and historical city disaster bearing cost comprises urban economic loss, which comprises infrastructure damage degree, shutdown loss, personal article loss and the like, and casualties. And comprehensively obtaining the disaster intensity grading of multiple disasters through historical meteorological data and urban historical disaster bearing cost. The method can be divided into extra-large disasters, larger disasters, secondary disasters and small disasters according to the monitoring value of meteorological data and the loss caused by the meteorological data.
S120: acquiring a current urban three-dimensional map and a water system distribution map, and establishing an urban flood toughness evaluation model according to the urban three-dimensional map and the water system distribution map;
according to the city development planning, a city three-dimensional map of the current city can be obtained through a remote sensing technology, and the city three-dimensional map comprises various geological conditions and city planning conditions. The obtained water system image comprises river network and lake images and relief size. The urban flood toughness evaluation model is established through the obtained urban three-dimensional such as water system distribution diagram, so that an urban water system and urban geography can be combined, and the full-stage monitoring of the influence of flood on the city can be realized through the urban flood toughness index acquisition module.
S130: respectively selecting a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes of floods with different disaster grades at different stages according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model;
according to the obtained urban flood toughness evaluation model, a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes of disasters of different grades at different stages are respectively selected, wherein the plurality of evaluation indexes can be various data indexes such as urban ponding conditions, peak transit speed, intra-site river flow, disaster relief emergency response speed and the like. Therefore, the disaster resistance of the city can be clearly predicted before the flood occurs. When flood disasters occur, the flowing route of a flood peak and the potential water accumulation situation of a low-lying area of a city are monitored at any time, the urban disaster handling capacity is obtained, and after the disasters occur, the urban disaster relief speed capability is recovered.
S140: carrying out standardization processing on a plurality of different toughness evaluation indexes by using an extreme value method, and carrying out weight calculation on the plurality of toughness evaluation indexes subjected to standardization processing to obtain different weight values;
because the toughness evaluation indexes have different properties and the collected different toughness evaluation indexes have different dimensions, the toughness evaluation indexes are converted into dimensionless pure numerical values by carrying out standardization processing on the different toughness evaluation indexes, so that comparison and weighting are facilitated, the action of the evaluation indexes with higher numerical values in comprehensive analysis is avoided, the action of the evaluation indexes with lower numerical levels is relatively weakened, and the reliability of results is ensured. After the plurality of toughness evaluation indexes are subjected to standardization processing, weight calculation is carried out on each index to obtain different weight values, so that different importance degrees of different evaluation indexes in urban flood toughness capability evaluation are obtained, and a more accurate evaluation result is obtained.
In this embodiment, the weight calculation may be performed by combining a delphire method, an analytic hierarchy process, and an entropy weight method, so as to achieve the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, improve the scientificity of the obtained result, and ensure the accuracy of the result.
S150: and calculating a plurality of different toughness evaluation indexes subjected to standardization and corresponding weight values by using a comprehensive evaluation method to obtain the urban flood toughness index when the city deals with disasters of different levels.
And calculating a plurality of different toughness evaluation indexes belonging to the same grade of disaster after standardized processing and calculating the different toughness evaluation indexes to obtain weighted values, so that the urban flood toughness indexes of the city for coping with different grades of disasters can accurately reflect the disaster-resistant toughness capacity of the city for coping with different grades of disasters through the urban flood toughness indexes. For example, if the obtained multiple evaluation indexes are a1, a2, and A3 respectively, normalized values obtained after normalization are RE1, RE2, and RE3 respectively, and weighted values obtained after weight calculation are b1, b2, and b3 respectively, the obtained urban flood toughness index is C = b1 × RE1+ b2 × RE2+ b3 × RE 3. Wherein, the higher the obtained urban flood toughness index is, the stronger the anti-disaster toughness capability is. And by acquiring the urban flood toughness indexes of the city at different stages of the disaster, the disaster-resistant toughness capacity of the city at different stages of the disaster can be acquired.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the toughness evaluation index includes a positive index and a negative index: the formula for normalizing the forward indicator is as follows:
(ii) a The formula for normalizing the negative indicators is as follows:
(ii) a Wherein x isijAs index raw data, YijTo normalize the data.
The principle and advantageous effects of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, and thus, no further description is needed.
In some embodiments of the invention, the different phases of the flood include before, at, and after the occurrence of the disaster: when the disaster stage is before the disaster occurs, a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes selected according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model comprise one or more of urban green plant coverage rate, urban underground water acquisition amount and urban river density; when the disaster stage is a disaster, a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes selected according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model comprise one or more of drainage system coverage rate, urban building density and river channel or coastal dam construction amount; when the disaster stage is that a disaster occurs, a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes selected according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model comprise one or more of urban road network density, urban disaster avoiding facility quantity, personnel and medical facility per capita quantity and rainfall flood resource utilization quantity.
The principle and advantageous effects of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, and thus, no further description is needed.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic structural block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The electronic device comprises a memory 101, a processor 102 and a communication interface 103, wherein the memory 101, the processor 102 and the communication interface 103 are electrically connected to each other directly or indirectly to realize data transmission or interaction. For example, the components may be electrically connected to each other via one or more communication buses or signal lines. The memory 101 may be configured to store software programs and modules, such as program instructions/modules corresponding to the system for assessing urban flood toughness, provided in the embodiments of the present application, and the processor 102 executes the software programs and modules stored in the memory 101, so as to execute various functional applications and data processing. The communication interface 103 may be used for communicating signaling or data with other node devices.
The Memory 101 may be, but is not limited to, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), an Erasable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), an electrically Erasable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), and the like.
The processor 102 may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capabilities. The Processor 102 may be a general-purpose Processor, including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), and the like; but also Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or other Programmable logic devices, discrete Gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
It will be appreciated that the configuration shown in fig. 3 is merely illustrative and that the electronic device may include more or fewer components than shown in fig. 1 or have a different configuration than shown in fig. 3. The components shown in fig. 3 may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, and for example, the flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
In addition, functional modules in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module may exist separately, or two or more modules may be integrated to form an independent part.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application or portions thereof that substantially contribute to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium and including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
In summary, according to the system and the method for evaluating urban flood toughness, the data acquisition module analyzes the degree of a city suffered from a disaster in the past year according to the historical meteorological data and the historical disaster bearing cost of the city, and grades the disaster intensity according to the degree of the disaster, so that the evaluation of the disaster bearing capacity of the city to disasters of different grades is facilitated. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a current urban three-dimensional map and a water system distribution map through a modeling module, and establishing an urban flood toughness evaluation model according to the urban three-dimensional map and the water system distribution map, so that an urban water system and urban geography can be combined, and monitoring of influence of disasters on the whole city stage is facilitated; a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes of disasters of different grades at different stages are respectively selected by an index acquisition module according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model, so that the urban flood toughness can be evaluated from multiple directions; the computing module is used for carrying out standardization processing on a plurality of different toughness evaluation indexes by utilizing an extreme method, so that the evaluation indexes of different dimensions are converted into dimensionless pure numerical values, and comparison and weighting are facilitated. And performing weight calculation on the plurality of toughness evaluation indexes subjected to standardization processing to obtain different weight values, thereby obtaining different importance degrees of the different evaluation indexes in urban flood toughness capability evaluation and obtaining more accurate evaluation results. And calculating a plurality of different toughness evaluation indexes subjected to standardization processing and corresponding weighted values by using a comprehensive evaluation method through an evaluation module so as to obtain the urban flood toughness index when the city deals with disasters of different levels. Therefore, the urban flood toughness capacity can be accurately reflected through the urban flood toughness index.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. The urban flood toughness capability assessment system is characterized by comprising a data acquisition module, a modeling module, an index acquisition module, a calculation module and an assessment module:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring meteorological data and disaster bearing cost of multiple historical disasters of a city, and grading the disaster intensity according to the meteorological data and the disaster bearing cost to obtain different disaster grades;
the modeling module is used for acquiring a current urban three-dimensional map and a water system distribution map and establishing an urban flood toughness evaluation model according to the urban three-dimensional map and the water system distribution map;
the index acquisition module is used for respectively selecting a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes of floods with different disaster grades at different stages according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model;
the computing module is used for carrying out standardization processing on a plurality of different toughness evaluation indexes by using an extreme value method and carrying out weight computation on the plurality of toughness evaluation indexes subjected to standardization processing so as to obtain different weight values;
the evaluation module is used for calculating the plurality of different toughness evaluation indexes subjected to the standardization processing and the corresponding weighted values by using a comprehensive evaluation method so as to obtain the urban flood toughness index when the city deals with disasters of different levels.
2. The system for assessing urban flood toughness of claim 1, wherein the toughness assessment indicators comprise a positive indicator and a negative indicator:
the formula for performing the normalization process on the forward indicator is as follows:
the formula for performing the normalization process on the negative indicator is as follows:
wherein x isijAs index raw data, YijTo normalize the data.
3. The urban flood toughness capability assessment system according to claim 1, wherein said different stages of the flood comprise before, at and after the occurrence of the disaster:
when the disaster stage is before the disaster occurs, the toughness evaluation indexes selected according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model comprise one or more of urban green plant coverage rate, urban underground water acquisition amount and urban river density;
when a disaster stage is a disaster, the toughness evaluation indexes selected according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model comprise one or more of drainage system coverage rate, urban building density and river channel or coastal dam construction amount;
and when the disaster stage is that a disaster occurs, the toughness evaluation indexes selected according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model comprise one or more of urban road network density, urban disaster avoiding facility quantity, personnel and medical facility per capita quantity and rainfall flood resource utilization quantity.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the urban toughness assessment indexes obtained according to different stages of a disaster include any one or more of a prevention toughness index, an absorption toughness index and an improvement toughness index.
5. The system for assessing the toughness of urban floods according to claim 1, wherein said modeling module comprises an image processing unit, a cutting unit, a training unit and a combining unit;
the image processing unit is used for acquiring a first characteristic point of the urban three-dimensional image, acquiring a coordinate value of the first characteristic point, performing coordinate conversion on the coordinate value, mapping the converted coordinate value on the water system distribution diagram to acquire a second characteristic point, and overlapping the water system distribution diagram and the urban three-dimensional image according to the first characteristic point and the second characteristic point to acquire an urban water system interaction diagram;
the cutting unit is used for segmenting the urban water system interactive image according to regions so as to obtain a plurality of subarea images;
the training unit inputs the partitioned images into a convolutional neural network to train and obtain a region model;
the combination unit is used for combining the area models of a plurality of areas to obtain the urban flood toughness evaluation model.
6. A method for evaluating the toughness of urban flood is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring meteorological data and disaster bearing cost of multiple historical disasters of a city, and grading the disaster intensity according to the meteorological data and the disaster bearing cost to obtain different disaster grades;
acquiring a current urban three-dimensional map and a water system distribution map, and establishing an urban flood toughness evaluation model according to the urban three-dimensional map and the water system distribution map;
respectively selecting a plurality of toughness evaluation indexes of floods with different disaster grades at different stages according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model;
carrying out standardization processing on the different toughness evaluation indexes by using an extreme value method, and carrying out weight calculation on the toughness evaluation indexes subjected to standardization processing to obtain different weight values;
and calculating the plurality of different toughness evaluation indexes subjected to the standardization treatment and the corresponding weighted values by using a comprehensive evaluation method so as to obtain the urban flood toughness index when the city deals with disasters of different levels.
7. The method for assessing urban flood toughness of claim 6, wherein the toughness assessment indicators comprise a positive indicator and a negative indicator:
the formula for performing the normalization process on the forward indicator is as follows:
the formula for performing the normalization process on the negative indicator is as follows:
wherein x isijAs index raw data, YijTo normalize the data.
8. The method for evaluating the toughness of urban floods according to claim 6, wherein said different stages of floods comprise before, during and after occurrence of a disaster:
when the disaster stage is before the disaster occurs, the toughness evaluation indexes selected according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model comprise one or more of urban green plant coverage rate, urban underground water acquisition amount and urban river density;
when a disaster stage is a disaster, the toughness evaluation indexes selected according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model comprise one or more of drainage system coverage rate, urban building density and river channel or coastal dam construction amount;
and when the disaster stage is that a disaster occurs, the toughness evaluation indexes selected according to the urban flood toughness evaluation model comprise one or more of urban road network density, urban disaster avoiding facility quantity, personnel and medical facility per capita quantity and rainfall flood resource utilization quantity.
9. An electronic device, comprising:
a memory for storing one or more programs;
a processor;
the one or more programs, when executed by the processor, implement the method of any of claims 6-8.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method according to any one of claims 6-8.
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Application publication date: 20211231 |
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