CN113866820A - Rockfall impact positioning method and device based on micro-seismic monitoring system - Google Patents
Rockfall impact positioning method and device based on micro-seismic monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rockfall impact positioning method and device based on a microseismic monitoring system, wherein the positioning method comprises the following steps: collecting a vibration wave signal and a sound wave signal in the falling rock impact process; analyzing the vibration wave signal to obtain the vibration characteristic confidence coefficient of the vibration wave signal; analyzing the sound wave signal to obtain the form characteristic confidence of the sound wave signal; and generating a rockfall position area estimation report based on the vibration characteristic confidence coefficient and the morphological characteristic confidence coefficient to obtain a rockfall impact position. The invention comprehensively judges the falling rock impact position by utilizing the characteristics of various signal waves, and improves the accuracy of falling rock impact positioning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of monitoring, in particular to a rockfall impact positioning method and device based on a microseismic monitoring system.
Background
Rockfall is a common natural disaster, which refers to the phenomenon of a raised stone falling to the ground or a depression under the action of gravity. The falling rocks occur within the range of human activity areas, and disasters may be caused. Rockfall is the simplest and most conventional form of mountain landslide, and rockfall with different sizes and scales continuously occurs to any mountain body under the action of gravity, wind power or other factors.
With the continuous development of traffic construction technology, the construction of highways and high-speed rails has been extended to mountain areas, and the highways and the high-speed rails have become the basis for people going out in the mountain areas. The highway and high-speed rail in the mountainous area are usually built according to mountains or by mountain driving, and if rocks on the mountains or tunnels collapse and fall, great danger is brought to the passing of automobiles or high-speed rails.
At present, a patrolling worker is mainly used for regularly patrolling to find falling rocks or a detection system is used for monitoring, the manual patrolling is poor in timeliness and cannot find dangers in time, a falling rock automatic monitoring and positioning method adopted by the detection system generally adopts a single-signal characteristic monitoring method, a monitoring method is carried out according to signal characteristics extracted from a single signal source, the method mainly comprises a video analysis method, a fiber grating vibration detection method and an infrared laser rail surface scanning imaging method, but the method only can be used for analyzing one signal source, the obtained positioning result has deviation, and the accuracy is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rockfall impact positioning method and device based on a microseismic monitoring system, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, comprehensively judging the rockfall impact position by utilizing various signal wave characteristics and improving the accuracy of rockfall impact positioning.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a rockfall impact positioning method based on a microseismic monitoring system, which comprises the following steps:
collecting a vibration wave signal and a sound wave signal in the falling rock impact process;
analyzing the vibration wave signal to obtain the vibration characteristic confidence coefficient of the vibration wave signal;
analyzing the sound wave signals to obtain the form characteristic confidence of the sound wave signals;
and generating a rockfall position area estimation report based on the vibration characteristic confidence coefficient and the morphological characteristic confidence coefficient to obtain a rockfall impact position.
Optionally, analyzing the shock wave signal, and obtaining a confidence of the shock feature of the shock wave signal includes:
and extracting the peak value of the vibration wave signal, calculating impact energy, and determining the confidence coefficient of the vibration characteristic based on the impact energy.
Optionally, analyzing the acoustic wave signal, and obtaining a morphological feature confidence of the acoustic wave signal includes:
denoising the sound wave signal by adopting a wavelet threshold method;
and performing feature extraction on the denoised sound wave signal to obtain a peak and a trough, and calculating a slope based on the peak and the trough to obtain the form feature confidence.
Optionally, generating a rockfall position region estimation report based on the vibration feature confidence and the morphological feature confidence, and obtaining a rockfall impact position includes:
determining a vibration track according to the confidence degrees of the vibration characteristics;
determining a vibration track according to the confidence degrees of the morphological characteristics;
and generating a rockfall position area estimation report by combining the vibration track and the vibration track to obtain a rockfall impact position.
Also provides a rockfall impact positioning device based on the microseismic monitoring system, which comprises a signal acquisition module, a storage module, an analysis module, a communication module and a display module,
the signal acquisition module is used for acquiring a vibration wave signal and a sound wave signal in the falling rock impact process;
the storage module is used for storing the vibration wave signal and the sound wave signal;
the analysis module is used for analyzing the vibration wave signal and the sound wave signal, generating a rockfall position area estimation report and acquiring a rockfall impact position;
the display module is used for displaying the rockfall position area estimation report;
the communication module is used for information interaction between the signal acquisition module and the storage module.
Optionally, the signal acquisition module includes shock wave signal acquisition unit and sound wave signal acquisition unit, shock wave signal acquisition unit is used for gathering the shock wave signal, sound wave signal acquisition unit is used for gathering the sound wave signal, shock wave signal acquisition unit with sound wave signal acquisition unit all passes through communication module with storage module connects.
Optionally, the analysis module includes a shock wave analysis unit, a sound wave analysis unit and a comprehensive analysis unit, the shock wave analysis unit is configured to extract a peak value of the shock wave signal, calculate impact energy, and determine a shock feature confidence based on the impact energy; the sound wave analysis unit is used for denoising the sound wave signals by adopting a wavelet threshold method, extracting the characteristics of the denoised sound wave signals to obtain wave crests and wave troughs, and calculating the slope based on the wave crests and the wave troughs to obtain the form characteristic confidence; the comprehensive analysis unit is used for determining a vibration track according to the plurality of vibration characteristic confidence degrees, determining a sound track according to the plurality of morphological characteristic confidence degrees, and generating a rockfall position area estimation report by combining the vibration track and the sound track to obtain a rockfall impact position.
Optionally, the communication module uses wireless communication, 4G network protocol communication, or 5G network protocol communication.
Optionally, the positioning device further includes a power module for supplying power to the signal acquisition module, and the power module adopts a lithium battery.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
according to the rockfall impact positioning method and device based on the micro-seismic monitoring system, the vibration wave signals and the sound wave signals are collected in the rockfall process, the energy characteristics of the vibration wave signals and the morphological characteristics of the sound wave signals are combined, various rockfall rolling traces are obtained and combined, rockfall positions are obtained, and the rockfall impact positioning accuracy is improved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rock fall impact positioning device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a rock fall impact positioning method in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention provides a rock fall impact positioning device based on a microseismic monitoring system, which is shown in figure 1. The device comprises a signal acquisition module, a storage module, an analysis module, a communication module and a display module, wherein the signal acquisition module is connected with the storage module through the communication module, acquired wave signals are transmitted to the storage module to be stored and analyzed, and the storage module, the analysis module and the display module are sequentially connected.
And the signal acquisition module is used for acquiring vibration wave signals and sound wave signals generated by impact in the rockfall rolling process. The signal acquisition module comprises a vibration wave signal acquisition unit and a sound wave signal acquisition unit, the vibration wave signal acquisition unit is used for acquiring vibration wave signals, and the sound wave signal acquisition unit is used for acquiring sound wave signals. The vibration wave signal acquisition unit and the sound wave signal acquisition unit are connected with the storage module through the communication module, and the acquired vibration wave signals and the acquired sound wave signals are transmitted to the storage module to be stored, so that a data basis is provided for subsequent signal analysis. In this embodiment, vibrations ripples signal acquisition unit adopts the microseism sensor, and sound wave signal acquisition unit adopts the sound wave sensor, and microseism sensor and sound wave sensor evenly lay according to the needs that will detect the place area to microseism sensor and sound wave sensor have the adjacency when laying, and the encirclement, thereby guarantee signal acquisition's validity.
The analysis module comprises a vibration wave analysis unit, a sound wave analysis unit and a comprehensive analysis unit, wherein the vibration wave analysis unit is used for extracting the peak value of the vibration wave signal, calculating impact energy and determining the confidence coefficient of the vibration characteristic based on the impact energy; the sound wave analysis unit is used for denoising the sound wave signals by adopting a wavelet threshold method, extracting the characteristics of the denoised sound wave signals to obtain wave crests and wave troughs, and calculating the slope based on the wave crests and the wave troughs to obtain the form characteristic confidence coefficient; the comprehensive analysis unit is used for determining a vibration track according to the confidence degrees of the vibration characteristics, determining a sound track according to the confidence degrees of the morphological characteristics, and generating a rockfall position area estimation report by combining the vibration track and the sound track to obtain a rockfall impact position.
In this embodiment, for facilitating data transmission at the monitoring place, the communication module adopts wireless communication, 4G network protocol communication or 5G network protocol communication, so as to meet the requirement of field communication, and no circuit needs to be erected, so that the realization is facilitated. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the smooth implementation of the positioning work, the positioning device further comprises a power supply module, the power supply module is used for supplying power to the signal acquisition module, the power supply module adopts a lithium battery, and a solar charging device is used for charging the lithium battery.
A rockfall impact positioning method based on the microseismic monitoring system is further provided, and in the embodiment, a positioning device is required to be utilized for implementation of the method. As shown in fig. 2, the method comprises the steps of:
and S1, collecting vibration wave signals and sound wave signals in the falling rock impact process.
In the environment such as a tunnel or a side slope, the rock and other stone materials covered on the tunnel or the side slope can collapse and fall due to the extrusion of internal and external acting force, long-term water erosion and other factors, the rolling collision phenomenon can be generated in the falling process of the rock, and vibration waves and sound waves are generated in the process. Therefore, the vibration wave signal and the sound wave signal generated when the falling rocks collapse and roll to the stopping process can be respectively collected by the vibration wave signal collecting unit and the sound wave signal collecting unit, and the collected vibration wave signal and the collected sound wave signal are stored.
And S2, analyzing the vibration wave signal to obtain the vibration characteristic confidence of the vibration wave signal.
A vibration wave analysis unit in the positioning device analyzes the stored vibration wave signal, extracts peak value information of the vibration wave signal, converts the peak value into impact energy of a point where the peak value is located by utilizing the relation between the peak value and the impact energy, namely the energy value when falling rocks collide with an obstacle, and the energy value is the confidence coefficient of the vibration characteristic. In the same time zone in the falling rock rolling process, the vibration wave signals can be collected by a plurality of vibration wave signal collecting units, a plurality of vibration characteristic confidence degrees can be generated, and all vibration wave signal collecting units generating the vibration characteristic confidence degrees are labeled. In this process, all the confidence degrees of the vibration characteristics are required to be compared, the maximum confidence degree of the vibration characteristics is selected, and when labeling is performed, the vibration wave signal acquisition unit generating the confidence degree of the vibration characteristics and other vibration wave signal acquisition units use different colors.
And S3, analyzing the sound wave signal to obtain the form characteristic confidence of the sound wave signal.
A sound wave analysis unit in the positioning device analyzes the stored sound wave signals, in order to ensure the accuracy of analysis, the sound wave signals are denoised by a wavelet threshold method before analysis, the denoised sound wave signals are analyzed, the complete waveform of the sound wave signals is extracted, wave crests and wave troughs are determined, the wave crests or the wave troughs are utilized, and the slope is calculated, wherein the slope is the form characteristic confidence coefficient of the sound wave. In the same time zone in the falling rock rolling process, the sound wave signals can be collected by the sound wave signal collecting units, a plurality of form feature confidence degrees can be generated, and all the sound wave collecting units generating the form feature confidence degrees are labeled. In this process, all the morphological feature confidence degrees need to be compared, the maximum morphological feature confidence degree is selected, and when labeling is performed, the sound wave signal acquisition unit generating the morphological feature confidence degree and other sound wave signal acquisition units use different colors.
And S4, generating a rockfall position area estimation report based on the vibration characteristic confidence coefficient and the morphological characteristic confidence coefficient, and obtaining a rockfall impact position.
In this embodiment, a three-dimensional or two-dimensional topographic map is pre-drawn for an area to be monitored for rockfall according to geographic information of the area, and positions of the embedded vibration wave signal acquisition unit and the sound wave signal acquisition unit are marked on the topographic map. And connecting all the shock wave signal acquisition units marked as red by using red lines to form shock wave tracks, and connecting all the sound wave signal acquisition units marked as blue by using blue lines to form sound wave tracks. In the process, the confidence degrees of other vibration characteristics in the same time domain are sequenced, the vibration wave signal acquisition units are connected by yellow lines according to the same sequence in the continuous time domain, then the confidence degrees of other morphological characteristics in the same time domain are sequenced, and the sound wave signal acquisition units are connected by green lines according to the same sequence in the continuous time domain. And comparing the track trends of the red line and the blue line, and if the trajectories are consistent, generating a rockfall position area estimation report by combining the geographical positions to obtain a rockfall impact position. In addition, the trends of the yellow line, the green line, the red line and the blue line need to be compared, if the trends are consistent or are shorter in continuation, the corresponding yellow line or green line is deleted, if the starting point difference between the yellow line or the green line and the red line or the blue line is larger or the trend difference is also larger, and the trends of the yellow line and the green line are the same, the yellow line and the green line are reserved and are displayed in the rockfall position area estimation report at the same time, which shows that cracking of the rockfall is generated in the rolling process, or other rockfall is generated due to impact, so that a plurality of rockfall tracks are formed, and the rockfall can be positioned in the rockfall position area estimation report at the same time.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures, and moreover, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used merely to distinguish one description from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, which are used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent substitutes for some technical features within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention in its spirit and scope. Are intended to be covered by the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The rockfall impact positioning method based on the microseismic monitoring system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
collecting a vibration wave signal and a sound wave signal in the falling rock impact process;
analyzing the vibration wave signal to obtain the vibration characteristic confidence coefficient of the vibration wave signal;
analyzing the sound wave signals to obtain the form characteristic confidence of the sound wave signals;
and generating a rockfall position area estimation report based on the vibration characteristic confidence coefficient and the morphological characteristic confidence coefficient to obtain a rockfall impact position.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein analyzing the seismic wave signal to obtain a seismic feature confidence of the seismic wave signal comprises:
and extracting the peak value of the vibration wave signal, calculating impact energy, and determining the confidence coefficient of the vibration characteristic based on the impact energy.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of analyzing the acoustic signal to obtain the confidence of the morphological feature of the acoustic signal comprises:
denoising the sound wave signal by adopting a wavelet threshold method;
and performing feature extraction on the denoised sound wave signal to obtain a peak and a trough, and calculating a slope based on the peak and the trough to obtain the form feature confidence.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein a rockfall impact location is generated based on the vibration feature confidence and the morphological feature confidence, and obtaining a rockfall impact location comprises:
determining a vibration track according to the confidence degrees of the vibration characteristics;
determining a vibration track according to the confidence degrees of the morphological characteristics;
and generating a rockfall position area estimation report by combining the vibration track and the vibration track to obtain a rockfall impact position.
5. A rockfall impact positioning device based on a microseismic monitoring system is used for implementing the rockfall impact positioning method based on the microseismic monitoring system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, and is characterized by comprising a signal acquisition module, a storage module, an analysis module, a communication module and a display module,
the signal acquisition module is used for acquiring a vibration wave signal and a sound wave signal in the falling rock impact process;
the storage module is used for storing the vibration wave signal and the sound wave signal;
the analysis module is used for analyzing the vibration wave signal and the sound wave signal, generating a rockfall position area estimation report and acquiring a rockfall impact position;
the display module is used for displaying the rockfall position area estimation report;
the communication module is used for information interaction between the signal acquisition module and the storage module.
6. The rockfall impact positioning device based on the microseismic monitoring system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the signal collection module comprises a shock wave signal collection unit and a sound wave signal collection unit, the shock wave signal collection unit is used for collecting the shock wave signal, the sound wave signal collection unit is used for collecting the sound wave signal, and the shock wave signal collection unit and the sound wave signal collection unit are both connected with the storage module through the communication module.
7. The rockfall impact locating device based on a microseismic monitoring system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the analysis module comprises a shock wave analysis unit, a sound wave analysis unit and a comprehensive analysis unit, the shock wave analysis unit is used for extracting a peak value of the shock wave signal, calculating impact energy, and determining a shock feature confidence coefficient based on the impact energy; the sound wave analysis unit is used for denoising the sound wave signals by adopting a wavelet threshold method, extracting the characteristics of the denoised sound wave signals to obtain wave crests and wave troughs, and calculating the slope based on the wave crests and the wave troughs to obtain the form characteristic confidence; the comprehensive analysis unit is used for determining a vibration track according to the plurality of vibration characteristic confidence degrees, determining a sound track according to the plurality of morphological characteristic confidence degrees, and generating a rockfall position area estimation report by combining the vibration track and the sound track to obtain a rockfall impact position.
8. The microseismic monitoring system based rock fall impact positioning device of claim 5 wherein the communication module employs wireless communication, 4G network protocol communication or 5G network protocol communication.
9. The rockfall impact positioning device based on the microseismic monitoring system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the positioning device further comprises a power module for supplying power to the signal acquisition module, and the power module adopts a lithium battery.
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