CN113865689B - Vibration signal charge amplifier fault detection method - Google Patents
Vibration signal charge amplifier fault detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113865689B CN113865689B CN202111051979.1A CN202111051979A CN113865689B CN 113865689 B CN113865689 B CN 113865689B CN 202111051979 A CN202111051979 A CN 202111051979A CN 113865689 B CN113865689 B CN 113865689B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
- G01H11/06—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means
- G01H11/08—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means using piezoelectric devices
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aero-mechanical impact vibration monitoring, and particularly relates to a vibration signal charge amplifier fault detection method; the conditioning method used in the fault detection method is as follows: the high-resistance output bus driving circuit is used, so that the fault detection circuit does not influence the acquisition precision of the charge amplifier; a passive voltage-to-charge circuit is used for converting a voltage signal in the fault detection circuit into a charge signal; the alternating current charge signal is simulated by the passive voltage to charge circuit using a digital square wave voltage signal. The method is simple in design, easy to implement and high in anti-interference capability, can effectively detect faults of the vibration signal charge amplifier, and does not influence the acquisition precision of the vibration signal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aero-mechanical impact vibration monitoring, and particularly relates to a vibration signal charge amplifier fault detection method.
Background
At present, the monitoring and control technology of aviation and aerospace engines can relate to a large number of vibration signals, and the vibration signals are generally measured through piezoelectric acceleration sensors in the aviation and aerospace fields. The output of the piezoelectric acceleration sensor is converted (i.e., charge-to-voltage converted) by a charge amplifier, which can be used for subsequent amplification, integration and filtering.
However, the electric charge amount output by the piezoelectric acceleration sensor is weak, so that the performance of the charge amplifier is easy to interfere, inconvenience is brought to measurement, and the fault detection function is more difficult to realize. In order to realize the fault detection function of the charge amplifier and ensure that the performance of the charge amplifier is not affected by the fault detection circuit, a simple and reliable fault detection method needs to be specially designed.
At present, no existing charge signal amplifier includes a fault detection circuit, and most of vibration signal conditioning fault detection methods described in the prior art determine whether vibration signal conditioning is faulty based on the rotational speed and vibration physical relationship of a rotating component, for example: when the rotation speed signal is from nothing to nothing and the total vibration signal amount is increased and is larger than a specific vibration total amount threshold value in the increasing process, the indirect detection method has various problems such as broken lines of the vibration signal cable, failure of the vibration signal conditioning circuit and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a vibration signal charge amplifier fault detection method, which has simple design, easy implementation and strong anti-interference capability, can effectively detect the vibration signal charge amplifier fault, and does not influence the vibration signal acquisition precision.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a vibration signal charge amplifier fault detection method is applied to a charge type vibration signal acquisition circuit; the conditioning method used in the fault detection method is as follows:
The high-resistance output bus driving circuit is used, so that the fault detection circuit does not influence the acquisition precision of the charge amplifier;
A passive voltage-to-charge circuit is used for converting a voltage signal in the fault detection circuit into a charge signal;
the alternating current charge signal is simulated by the passive voltage to charge circuit using a digital square wave voltage signal.
Further, the specific method for realizing the collection precision of the charge amplifier is as follows:
The impedance of the fault detection circuit formed by the high-resistance output bus driving circuit and the passive voltage-to-charge circuit in the forbidden state is more than 100 times of the internal impedance network of the charge amplifier;
the impedance of the fault detection circuit is alternating current signal impedance, and the frequency of the alternating current signal impedance is digital square wave voltage signal frequency;
The bus driver of the high-resistance output bus driving circuit has an enabling control function, and is enabled when fault detection is performed, and is disabled when fault detection is not required.
Further, the specific method for converting the voltage signal to the charge signal in the fault detection circuit comprises the following steps:
The Cbit capacitance in the passive voltage-to-charge circuit is equal to the feedback capacitance Cf of the charge amplifier; one end of the Cbit capacitor is connected with an output line of the vibration sensor, and the other end of the Cbit capacitor is connected with an output pin of the bus driver.
Further, the method for simulating the alternating current charge signal by the passive voltage-to-charge circuit specifically comprises the following steps:
Simulating an alternating current charge signal using a digital square wave voltage signal and the passive voltage to charge circuit; the voltage of the digital square wave voltage signal is the same as the voltage of the input interface of the bus driver, and the duty ratio is 50%; the frequency of the digital square wave voltage signal is within the frequency bandwidth of the charge amplifier.
Further, the setting method of the implementation circuit of the fault detection method comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring a feedback capacitance Cf and a frequency bandwidth of a charge amplifier;
Step2: calculating a passive voltage charge conversion circuit Cbit according to the feedback capacitance Cf, namely Cbit=Cf, and setting a Cbit capacitor; one end of the Cbit capacitor is connected with an output line of the vibration sensor, and the other end of the Cbit capacitor is connected with an output pin of the bus driver;
step 3: calculating AC impedance value of internal impedance network of charge amplifier
Step 4: selecting a bus driver according to the alternating current impedance value, so that the impedance of the high-resistance output bus driver circuit and the fault detection circuit formed by the passive voltage-to-charge circuit under the forbidden state is more than 100 times of the alternating current impedance value;
Step 5: the bus driver has a function of setting enable and disable states;
step 6: the frequency and duty cycle of the digital square wave signal are controlled by a processor, wherein the duty cycle is 50%.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the traditional fault detection method, the invention utilizes the high-resistance output bus driving circuit and the passive voltage-to-charge circuit to be added into the original vibration signal amplifying circuit, realizes the fault detection of the vibration charge signal, and ensures that the acquisition precision of the whole system is not influenced in the vibration charge signal acquisition circuit; the passive voltage-to-charge circuit converts the digital square wave signal output by the high-resistance output bus driver circuit into an alternating current charge signal; the high-resistance output bus driving circuit increases signal driving capability, and meanwhile, the high-resistance state is ensured to be kept in a non-BIT working state, and the acquisition precision of vibration signals is not affected.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of charge amplifier fault detection;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a high-precision piezoelectric sensor simulation system;
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of square wave based charge amplifier fault detection;
FIG. 4 is a single ended charge amplification circuit;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a vibration signal single-ended charge amplifier fault detection circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a differential charge amplification circuit;
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a vibration signal differential charge amplifier fault detection circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It is noted that various aspects of the embodiments are described below within the scope of the following claims. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure and/or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on the present disclosure, one skilled in the art will appreciate that one aspect described herein may be implemented independently of any other aspect, and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, an apparatus may be implemented and/or a method practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, such apparatus may be implemented and/or such methods practiced using other structure and/or functionality in addition to one or more of the aspects set forth herein.
It should also be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic concept of the present invention by way of illustration, and only the components related to the present invention are shown in the drawings and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the form, number and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
In addition, in the following description, specific details are provided in order to provide a thorough understanding of the examples. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the aspects may be practiced without these specific details.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1-7, a vibration signal charge amplifier fault detection method is provided, which is applied to a charge type vibration signal acquisition circuit; it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
The conditioning method used in the fault detection method is as follows:
The high-resistance output bus driving circuit is used, so that the fault detection circuit does not influence the acquisition precision of the charge amplifier;
a passive voltage-to-charge circuit is used for realizing conversion from a voltage signal to a charge signal in the fault detection circuit;
The alternating current charge signal is simulated by a passive voltage to charge circuit using a digital square wave voltage signal.
In this embodiment, the specific method for implementing the method that does not affect the collection precision of the charge amplifier is:
the impedance of a fault detection circuit formed by the high-resistance output bus driving circuit and the passive voltage-to-charge circuit in the forbidden state is more than 100 times of the internal impedance network of the charge amplifier;
The impedance of the fault detection circuit is alternating current signal impedance, and the frequency of the alternating current signal impedance is the frequency of the digital square wave voltage signal;
The bus driver of the high-resistance output bus driving circuit has an enabling control function, and when fault detection is performed, the bus driver is enabled, and when fault detection is not required, the bus driver is disabled.
In this embodiment, the specific method for implementing the conversion from the voltage signal to the charge signal in the fault detection circuit is as follows:
the Cbit capacitance in the passive voltage-to-charge circuit is equal to the feedback capacitance Cf of the charge amplifier; one end of the Cbit capacitor is connected with an output line of the vibration sensor, and the other end of the Cbit capacitor is connected with an output pin of the bus driver.
In this embodiment, the method for simulating the ac charge signal by the passive voltage-to-charge circuit specifically includes:
Simulating an alternating current charge signal using a digital square wave voltage signal and a passive voltage to charge circuit; the voltage of the digital square wave voltage signal is the same as the voltage of the input interface of the bus driver, and the duty ratio is 50%; the frequency of the digital square wave voltage signal is within the frequency bandwidth of the charge amplifier.
In this embodiment, the setting method of the implementation circuit of the fault detection method includes the steps of:
step 1: acquiring a feedback capacitance Cf and a frequency bandwidth of a charge amplifier;
Step 2: calculating a passive voltage-to-charge circuit Cbit according to the feedback capacitance Cf, namely Cbit=Cf, and setting a Cbit capacitor; one end of the Cbit capacitor is connected with an output line of the vibration sensor, and the other end of the Cbit capacitor is connected with an output pin of the bus driver;
step 3: calculating AC impedance value of internal impedance network of charge amplifier
Step 4: according to the alternating current impedance value, selecting a bus driver, so that the impedance of a fault detection circuit formed by the high-resistance output bus driver circuit and the passive voltage charge conversion circuit in a forbidden state is more than 100 times of the alternating current impedance value;
Step 5: the bus driver has the function of setting the enabling and disabling states;
Step 6: the frequency and duty cycle of the digital square wave signal are controlled by the processor, wherein the duty cycle is 50%.
In this embodiment, the charge generator in fig. 1 is replaced with the pressure point sensor simulation system (simply referred to as "charge simulator" or "charge generator") of fig. 2. When the vibration sensor does not output charges, the charge simulator is enabled, the charge signals output by the simulator are converted into voltage signals through the charge amplifier, the voltage signals are sent to an analog-to-digital converter (A/D chip) for collection after being subjected to conditioning such as integration and filtering, and a processor (CPU) can realize the fault detection function of the charge amplifier by judging whether the effective value, the peak value, the average value and the like of the collected signals are in the range of the charge signals output by the charge simulator or not. In this embodiment, since the charge generator uses the existing patent technology and the charge generator does not have the ac high-resistance function, the accuracy of collecting the vibration signal is affected when the charge simulator is disabled and enabled, and the structure is relatively complex and the reliability is not high.
As shown in fig. 3, the embodiment uses the high-resistance output bus driver to replace the follower and the inverter in fig. 2, so that the alternating current impedance is effectively increased, the acquisition precision of the vibration signal is not affected when the charge simulator is forbidden, and the structure is simple and the reliability is high. The specific working principle is as follows: when fault detection is not needed, a BIT control signal is forbidden, at the moment, the piezoelectric vibration sensor generates a charge signal, and the bus driver is in a forbidden state, and in the forbidden state, the bus driver is high-resistance, so that all the charge signals output by the sensor enter a charge amplifier to be amplified and converted into voltage signals, and the voltage signals enter a processor through a subsequent circuit to perform calculation and analysis functions;
when the product is electrified and the output signal of the vibration sensor is weak (when the engine is not started), fault detection can be performed, at the moment, a BIT control signal is enabled, a square wave signal forms a charge simulator through a bus driver and a passive voltage-to-charge circuit, a square wave-like charge signal is output, the square wave-like charge signal enters a charge amplifier to be amplified and converted into a square wave-like voltage signal, the voltage signal is sent to an analog-to-digital converter (A/D chip) to be collected after being conditioned by integration, filtering and the like, and a processor (CPU) can realize the fault detection function of the charge amplifier by judging whether the effective value, the peak value, the average value and the like of the collected signal are in the charge signal range output by the charge simulator.
When the vibration sensor outputs a large signal (when the engine is in operation, the vibration signal is generated), the fault detection function is not suitable to be performed by using the method, because the charge signal is the vector superposition of the output charge of the sensor and the output charge signal of the simulator.
In one embodiment, fig. 4 is a single-ended charge amplifier, and fig. 5 is an application embodiment of the present embodiment to the single-ended charge amplifier, and the specific working principle is as follows: when fault detection is not needed, the BIT enable control signal is forbidden, because the bus driver (SN 74LVC1G125 chip) is in a forbidden state, in the forbidden state, the bus driver presents a high resistance state, at this time, all charge signals output by the piezoelectric vibration sensor enter the charge amplifier to amplify (because the bus driver presents a high resistance state, alternating current charge signals cannot pass through a resistance capacitance circuit (the impedance is Rd+1/(S×Cbit) formed by the capacitor Cbit (about 2-10 nf) in the passive voltage conversion charge circuit) and the high resistance state driver (the high resistance Rd is greater than 100 Mohm) and can only pass through a resistance capacitance network (the impedance is R1+1/(S×C1) formed by R1 and C3 in the charge amplifier in the figure 5), wherein R1=2pi is smaller than 100ohm, C1 is not smaller than 1uf and C3 is about 2-10 nf), and the voltage conversion charge signals can not pass through the resistance capacitance network (R1+1/(S×C1) formed by the charge amplifier) and the resistance network, and the resistance signal is not converted into the single-ended voltage conversion charge signals and the single-ended voltage conversion charge signals can not enter the detection circuit to perform the function, and the fault detection is not affected, and the fault detection function is not affected, and the performance is not affected, the signal conversion circuit is carried out, and the performance is carried on the signal after the signal is detected, the signal is processed by the signal is detected, and the signal after the signal is processed.
When the product is electrified and the output signal of the vibration sensor is weak (when the engine is not started), fault detection can be performed, at this time, a BIT enabling control signal is enabled, a square wave signal forms a charge simulator through a bus driver and a passive voltage-to-charge circuit, and a similar square wave charge signal (Q=Cbit U is output, wherein U is the voltage of the square wave signal, Q is the charge quantity generated by the simulator, cbit is the capacitance value used by the fault detection circuit), the similar square wave charge signal enters a charge amplifier for amplification and is converted into a similar square wave voltage signal (Uout=Q/C3, wherein Uout is the output voltage of the charge amplifier, Q is the charge quantity generated by the simulator, C3 is the feedback capacitance of the charge amplifier), the voltage signal is subjected to conditioning such as integration and filtering and then is sent to an analog-to-digital converter (A/D chip) for collection, and a processor (CPU) can realize the fault detection function of the charge amplifier by judging whether the effective value, peak value, average value and the like of the collected signal are in the charge signal range output by the charge simulator. What needs to be specifically stated is: when an external single-ended piezoelectric vibration sensor is connected and the fault detection function is enabled, a part of charge signal Q generated by the simulator flows away through the internal capacitance of the sensor, however, since the Csense capacitance is usually less than 1nf (for example, the internal capacitance is about 725pf by MEGGITT company 6233C), and the capacitance of the single-ended charge amplifier C1 is not less than 1uf, the Csense is far less than C1, so that the flow of Q charge into the sensor part can be ignored. The amount of charge Q generated by the simulator is all fed into the single-ended charge amplifier, ensuring accuracy of uout=q/C3.
Similarly, when the vibration sensor outputs a large signal (when the engine is in operation, a vibration signal is generated), the fault detection function is not suitable to be performed by using the method, because the charge signal is the vector superposition of the sensor output charge and the simulator output charge signal.
In one embodiment, fig. 6 is a differential charge amplifier, and fig. 7 is an application embodiment of the present embodiment to the differential charge amplifier, and the specific working principle is as follows: when fault detection is not needed, the BIT enabling control signal is forbidden, and because the 2-way bus driver (SN 74LVC1G125 chip) is in a forbidden state, the bus driver is in a high-resistance state, at the moment, all charge signals output by the piezoelectric vibration sensor enter the charge amplifier to amplify (because the bus driver is in a high-resistance state, alternating current charge signals cannot pass through a resistance capacitance circuit formed by a capacitor of Cbit (about 2-10 nf) and a high-resistance state driver (with a high resistance value larger than 100 Mohm) in the figure, and can only pass through a resistance capacitance network formed by R1, R2, C1, C2, C3 and C4, wherein R1=R2 is smaller than 100ohm, C1=C2 is not smaller than 1uf, and C3=C4 is about 2-10 nf), and the voltage signals are converted into voltage signals, and the voltage signals enter the processor to calculate and analyze functions through subsequent circuit processing, so that the added fault detection circuit has no influence on the performance of the original single-ended charge amplifier in the BIT state.
When the product is electrified and the output signal of the vibration sensor is weak (when the engine is not started), fault detection can be performed, at this time, a BIT enabling control signal is enabled, a square wave signal forms a charge simulator through a 2-way bus driver and a passive voltage-to-charge circuit, and a similar square wave charge signal (Q=Cbit 2*U is output, wherein U is a square wave signal voltage, wherein square wave 1 and square wave 2 are reverse signals, Q is the electric charge quantity generated by the simulator, cbit is the capacitance value used by a fault detection circuit), the similar square wave charge signal enters a charge amplifier to be amplified and is converted into a similar square wave voltage signal (Uout= 2*Q/C3, wherein Uout is the output voltage of the charge amplifier, Q is the electric charge quantity generated by the simulator, C3 is the feedback capacitance of the charge amplifier), the voltage signal is sent to an analog-to-digital converter (A/D chip) to be collected after being conditioned by integration, filtering and the like, and the processor (CPU) can realize the fault detection function of the charge amplifier by judging whether the effective value, the peak value, the average value and the like of the collected signal are in the charge signal range of the charge simulator. What needs to be specifically stated is: when an external single-ended piezoelectric vibration sensor is connected and the fault detection function is enabled, a part of the charge signal Q generated by the simulator flows away through the internal capacitance of the sensor, however, since Csensor capacitance is usually less than 1nf (for example, the internal capacitance is about 725pf by the meggit corporation 6233C), and the differential charge amplifier c1=c2 capacitance is not less than 1uf, csensor is far less than C1, so that Q charge can be ignored from flowing into the sensor. Therefore, the charge quantity Q generated by the simulator totally flows into the single-ended charge amplifier, and the accuracy of Uout= 2*Q/C3 is ensured.
Similarly, when the vibration sensor outputs a large signal (when the engine is in operation, a vibration signal is generated), the fault detection function is not suitable to be performed by using the method, because the charge signal is the vector superposition of the sensor output charge and the simulator output charge signal.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be included in the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (1)
1. A vibration signal charge amplifier fault detection method is applied to a charge type vibration signal acquisition circuit; it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
The conditioning method used in the fault detection method is as follows:
The high-resistance output bus driving circuit is used, so that the fault detection circuit does not influence the acquisition precision of the charge amplifier;
A passive voltage-to-charge circuit is used for converting a voltage signal in the fault detection circuit into a charge signal;
Using a digital square wave voltage signal, simulating an alternating current charge signal through the passive voltage-to-charge circuit;
the specific method for realizing the collection precision of the charge amplifier is as follows:
The impedance of the fault detection circuit formed by the high-resistance output bus driving circuit and the passive voltage-to-charge circuit in the forbidden state is more than 100 times of the internal impedance network of the charge amplifier;
the impedance of the fault detection circuit is alternating current signal impedance, and the frequency of the alternating current signal impedance is digital square wave voltage signal frequency;
The bus driver of the high-resistance output bus driving circuit has an enabling control function, and when fault detection is carried out, the bus driver is enabled, and when the fault detection is not needed, the bus driver is disabled;
the specific method for realizing the conversion from the voltage signal to the charge signal in the fault detection circuit comprises the following steps:
The Cbit capacitance in the passive voltage-to-charge circuit is equal to the feedback capacitance Cf of the charge amplifier; one end of the Cbit capacitor is connected with an output line of the vibration sensor, and the other end of the Cbit capacitor is connected with an output pin of the bus driver;
The method for simulating the alternating current charge signal by the passive voltage-to-charge circuit comprises the following steps:
Simulating an alternating current charge signal using a digital square wave voltage signal and the passive voltage to charge circuit; the voltage of the digital square wave voltage signal is the same as the voltage of the input interface of the bus driver, and the duty ratio is 50%; the frequency of the digital square wave voltage signal is within the frequency bandwidth of the charge amplifier;
The setting method of the circuit for realizing the fault detection method comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring a feedback capacitance Cf and a frequency bandwidth of a charge amplifier;
step 2: calculating a passive voltage charge conversion circuit Cbit according to the feedback capacitance Cf, namely Cbit=Cf, and setting a Cbit capacitor; one end of the Cbit capacitor is connected with an output line of the vibration sensor, and the other end of the Cbit capacitor is connected with an output pin of the bus driver;
step 3: calculating AC impedance value of internal impedance network of charge amplifier
Step 4: selecting a bus driver according to the alternating current impedance value, so that the impedance of the high-resistance output bus driver circuit and the fault detection circuit formed by the passive voltage-to-charge circuit under the forbidden state is more than 100 times of the alternating current impedance value;
Step 5: the bus driver has a function of setting enable and disable states;
Step 6: the frequency and duty cycle of the digital square wave voltage signal are controlled by a processor, wherein the duty cycle is 50%.
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| CN113865689A (en) | 2021-12-31 |
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