CN113864925B - Air conditioner - Google Patents

Air conditioner Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113864925B
CN113864925B CN202111215249.0A CN202111215249A CN113864925B CN 113864925 B CN113864925 B CN 113864925B CN 202111215249 A CN202111215249 A CN 202111215249A CN 113864925 B CN113864925 B CN 113864925B
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China
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
outdoor heat
throttle valve
temperature
air conditioner
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CN202111215249.0A
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CN113864925A (en
Inventor
王有欣
熊琼
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Guangdong Jiwei Technology Co Ltd
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Guangdong Jiwei Technology Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/001—Compression cycle type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/41—Defrosting; Preventing freezing
    • F24F11/42—Defrosting; Preventing freezing of outdoor units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/65—Electronic processing for selecting an operating mode
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
    • F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/86—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling compressors within refrigeration or heat pump circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/87—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling absorption or discharge of heat in outdoor units
    • F24F11/871—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling absorption or discharge of heat in outdoor units by controlling outdoor fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/88—Electrical aspects, e.g. circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature
    • F24F2110/12—Temperature of the outside air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
    • F24F2140/20—Heat-exchange fluid temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fuzzy Systems (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an air conditioner, which comprises a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, a first throttle valve and an outdoor heat exchanger, wherein the compressor, the indoor heat exchanger, the first throttle valve and the outdoor heat exchanger are sequentially communicated through pipelines to form a working medium circulation flow path, a second throttle valve is arranged in a heat exchange pipeline of the outdoor heat exchanger, and a controller of the air conditioner can open the first throttle valve and adjust the opening degree of the second throttle valve so as to defrost the outdoor heat exchanger. The second throttling valve is arranged in the flow path of the outdoor heat exchanger, so that a pipeline of the outdoor heat exchanger between the second throttling valve and the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger plays a role of a condenser, heat can be released in the process of cooling to melt a frost layer on the surface of the outdoor heat exchanger, defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger is realized, the pipeline between the second throttling valve and the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger plays a role of an evaporator, operation in a heating mode is maintained, defrosting is considered under the heating mode, and comfort experience of a user is improved.

Description

Air conditioner
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air temperature regulation, in particular to an air conditioner.
Background
Air conditioners are common air temperature conditioning devices. Part of the air conditioners have a heating function, and when the surface temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is lower than the dew point temperature of air and lower than 0 ℃ in the heating mode of the air conditioners, frosting can occur, so that the heat exchange performance and the use comfort of the air conditioners are influenced.
The general defrosting method of the existing air conditioner mainly comprises the following steps: reverse cycle defrosting, hot gas bypass defrosting, electric heating defrosting, heat storage defrosting and the like. The reverse cycle defrosting and the hot gas bypass defrosting generally require the indoor unit to stop running, which can result in poor indoor comfort, and the four-way valve is reversed in the reverse cycle defrosting process, so that the functions of the condenser and the evaporator are exchanged, and the indoor unit is in a refrigerating state. The defrosting method is low in defrosting speed and large in temperature fluctuation, even if the inner fan is turned off during defrosting, the air outlet temperature after defrosting is low, heat supply cannot be carried out for a long time, indoor temperature fluctuation is large, comfort is poor, and frequent reverse cycle conversion can cause certain impact on pipelines and equipment of a system, so that the service life and reliability of a unit are influenced. In addition, the reverse circulation defrosting also has the defects of condensate retention, long defrosting time consumption, high energy consumption (the energy consumption of the reverse circulation method is about 5 percent higher than that of a hot gas bypass), insufficient energy source, uneven defrosting and the like.
The hot gas bypass defrosting method mainly leads the exhaust gas of the compressor to an outdoor heat exchanger for defrosting by leading out a bypass loop, but when the defrosting is carried out by utilizing the hot gas bypass method, the suction superheat degree of the compressor is kept at about 0 ℃ in the defrosting stage, the superheat state cannot be reached, and the safety of the operation of the compressor can be endangered when the compressor is operated for a long time in the state. In addition, since the defrosting heat comes from the compressor, the defrosting time is long. When the frost layer is thick and the density is large, problems such as too long defrosting time, deterioration of indoor comfort, and possible damage of the compressor are easily caused.
The electric heating defrosting needs to add new equipment, particularly, a heating rod is usually required to be arranged on the surface of an evaporator or in a fin, so that the defects of high energy consumption, poor safety, low efficiency and the like exist, and the heat storage defrosting method also has the defects.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an air conditioner, which can achieve the following effects with a small device modification, that is, complete the defrosting operation of an outdoor heat exchanger while maintaining continuous heating of an indoor environment, and improve the comfort experience of a user.
The invention provides an air conditioner, which comprises a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, a first throttle valve and an outdoor heat exchanger, wherein the compressor, the indoor heat exchanger, the first throttle valve and the outdoor heat exchanger are sequentially communicated through pipelines to form a working medium circulation flow path, a second throttle valve is arranged in a heat exchange pipeline of the outdoor heat exchanger, and a controller of the air conditioner can open the first throttle valve and adjust the opening of the second throttle valve so as to defrost the outdoor heat exchanger.
According to the technical scheme, the second throttle valve is arranged in the heat exchange pipeline of the outdoor heat exchanger, and the controller of the air conditioner can open the first throttle valve and adjust the opening of the second throttle valve, so that the second throttle valve is fully opened in a cooling or heating mode, the second throttle valve is used as a throttle component to adjust the opening in a defrosting mode, and particularly, indoor air can still absorb heat from a working medium flowing through the indoor heat exchanger in the defrosting mode to maintain heating of an indoor environment. On the outdoor side, the second throttling valve divides the outdoor heat exchanger into a condensing pipeline and an evaporating pipeline, a pipeline between the second throttling valve and a working medium inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger is the condensing pipeline, a pipeline between the second throttling valve and a working medium outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger is the evaporating pipeline, and medium-temperature and medium-pressure working media from the indoor heat exchanger release heat when meeting cold in the condensing pipeline, so that defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger is realized. Through the mode, the air conditioner can complete defrosting work on the outdoor heat exchanger while maintaining continuous heating on the indoor environment; and compared with the prior art, the device of the air conditioner is modified only by adding the second throttle valve in the outdoor heat exchanger, and the technical difficulty and the production cost for achieving the corresponding effect are reduced by utilizing the exquisite technical conception.
In an optional technical scheme of the invention, the air conditioner further comprises a bypass pipeline, wherein a first end of the bypass pipeline is communicated with a working medium outlet of the compressor, and a second end of the bypass pipeline is connected between a working medium outlet of the indoor heat exchanger and the first throttle valve.
According to the technical scheme, the first end and the second end of the bypass pipeline are respectively communicated with the working medium outlet of the compressor and the working medium outlet of the indoor heat exchanger, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium at the outlet of the compressor can directly enter the condensation pipeline of the outdoor heat exchanger, the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is rapidly increased, the defrosting time is shortened when defrosting is carried out, and the defrosting effect is improved.
In an optional technical scheme of the invention, a third throttle valve is arranged in a pipeline from a working medium outlet of the compressor to a working medium inlet of the indoor heat exchanger, and a fourth throttle valve is arranged in a bypass pipeline.
According to the technical scheme, a third throttle valve is arranged in a pipeline from a working medium outlet of the compressor to a working medium inlet of the indoor heat exchanger, the flow of the working medium entering the indoor heat exchanger can be controlled by arranging the third throttle valve, and whether the working medium enters the outdoor heat exchanger through the bypass branch and further controls the flow of the working medium entering the outdoor heat exchanger can be controlled by arranging a fourth throttle valve. In the refrigeration or heating mode, the fourth throttle valve can be closed to prevent working medium from flowing into the air conditioner through the bypass pipeline to influence the normal refrigeration mode and the heating mode of the air conditioner, and on the other hand, the fourth throttle valve is opened in the defrosting mode to enable the working medium to enter the outdoor heat exchanger through the bypass pipeline, so that the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger and the defrosting effect of the outdoor heat exchanger are improved. In addition, the working medium flow can be adjusted as required by adjusting the opening degrees of the third throttle valve and the fourth throttle valve, and the effect of accurate temperature control is achieved.
In an optional technical scheme of the invention, the air conditioner further comprises a first temperature sensor arranged at a working medium inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger, and a controller of the air conditioner adjusts the opening degrees of the third throttle valve and the fourth throttle valve according to a detection result of the first temperature sensor.
According to the technical scheme, the air conditioner further comprises a first temperature sensor which is arranged at a specific position, namely a working medium inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger, and the opening degrees of the third throttle valve and the fourth throttle valve are adjusted further according to the detection result of the first temperature sensor. Therefore, the working medium inlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger can be accurately monitored, preferably in real time, and the opening degrees of the third throttle valve and the fourth throttle valve are adjusted according to the temperature of the working medium inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger, so that the temperature of the working medium inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger is controlled to be within a reasonable temperature range in a feedback mode. In addition, the temperature at the working medium inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger is not too high or too low, and the defrosting energy consumption is too high or the indoor heating requirement is difficult to ensure due to the too high temperature; and the defrosting efficiency is influenced if the temperature is too low, and the temperature at the working medium outlet of the indoor heat exchanger is possibly too low, so that the liquid impact risk is caused.
In an optional technical solution of the present invention, the air conditioner further includes a plurality of detection devices, specifically including: the air conditioner also comprises a defrosting judgment module, wherein the defrosting judgment module is configured as: calculating the dew point temperature according to the outdoor humidity and the outdoor temperature; calculating the saturated gas temperature according to the working medium pressure; and in response to the saturated gas temperature being lower than the dew-point temperature, opening the first throttle valve and adjusting the opening of the second throttle valve, thereby defrosting the outdoor heat exchanger.
According to the technical scheme, the outdoor temperature, the outdoor humidity and the working medium pressure are monitored in real time, whether the defrosting condition is met or not is judged, the outdoor heat exchanger can be defrosted timely when the frosting possibility is met and the defrosting condition requirement is met, and the situation that the defrosting is carried out after an excessively thick frost layer is formed on the surface of the outdoor heat exchanger is avoided, so that the normal use and the refrigerating/heating effect of the air conditioner are guaranteed.
In an optional technical scheme of the invention, the defrosting judgment module also judges whether to defrost the outdoor heat exchanger or not according to the comparison between the outdoor temperature and the specified threshold value.
According to the technical scheme, the defrosting judgment module also judges according to the comparison result of the outdoor temperature and the specified threshold value, when the outdoor environment temperature is lower than the specified threshold value, the outdoor heat exchanger is easy to generate a frosting phenomenon, and the outdoor heat exchanger can be defrosted in time according to the judgment condition, so that the normal use and the refrigerating/heating effect of the air conditioner are ensured.
In the optional technical scheme of the invention, when the outdoor heat exchanger is defrosted, the controller of the air conditioner controls the outdoor fan corresponding to the outdoor heat exchanger to operate at the lowest gear.
According to the technical scheme, in the defrosting mode, the outdoor fan corresponding to the outdoor heat exchanger is controlled to operate at the lowest gear, the condensation effect of the outdoor heat exchanger is good, if the outdoor environment temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the outdoor fan is not needed to strengthen heat exchange, the frost layer of the outdoor heat exchanger can be melted down by the air blown out by the outdoor fan through the evaporator, the high gear rotating speed is avoided, the air flow rate is too high, and the heat loss of the evaporator is reduced.
According to the optional technical scheme, the air conditioner further comprises a third temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor detects the middle temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger, and the controller of the air conditioner controls the air conditioner to enter a heating mode after the middle temperature is larger than a preset value and lasts for a specified time.
According to this technical solution, the third temperature sensor is used to detect a specific portion, i.e., the middle portion of the outdoor heat exchanger, and the air conditioner is controlled based on the detection result. Specifically, if the temperature of the middle part of the outdoor heat exchanger returns to be higher than the preset value for a set time, the frost is completely removed from the condensation pipeline, namely the pipeline close to the air outlet, the heat is fully transferred to the middle part, and a heating mode can be entered. The defrosting effect is judged by detecting the temperature of the middle part of the outdoor heat exchanger, the defrosting effect is stable and reliable, and after defrosting is completed, the air conditioner is controlled to enter a heating mode, so that the temperature of an indoor environment is ensured, and the heating requirement of a user is met.
In the optional technical scheme of the invention, the air conditioner also comprises a four-way valve, and four ports of the four-way valve are respectively communicated with the working medium inlet and the working medium outlet of the compressor, the working medium outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger and the working medium inlet of the indoor heat exchanger.
According to the technical scheme, the four-way valve can control the flow direction of the working medium, so that the air conditioner can circulate reversibly, and has the functions of refrigeration and heating, and the normal operation of an air conditioner system is ensured.
In the optional technical scheme of the invention, the four-way valve is not reversed in the process of switching the air conditioner from the heating mode to defrosting the outdoor heat exchanger.
According to the technical scheme, the four-way valve does not change direction in the process of switching the air conditioner from the heating mode to defrosting the outdoor heat exchanger, because the four-way valve has high noise during switching, and frequent reverse cycle switching can cause certain impact on pipelines and equipment of a system to influence the service life and reliability of a unit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of the working fluid of the air conditioner in the defrosting mode according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
a compressor 1; an indoor heat exchanger 2; a first throttle valve 31; a second throttle valve 32; a third throttle valve 33; a fourth throttle valve 34; an outdoor heat exchanger 4; a condensing line 41; an evaporation line 42; an outdoor fan 43; a bypass branch 5; a first temperature sensor 61; a third temperature sensor 63; and a four-way valve 7.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1, the air conditioner according to the present invention includes a compressor 1, an indoor heat exchanger 2, a first throttle valve 31, and an outdoor heat exchanger 4, which are sequentially connected by a pipeline and form a working medium circulation flow path, wherein a second throttle valve 32 is disposed in a heat exchange pipeline of the outdoor heat exchanger 4, and a controller (not shown) of the air conditioner can fully open the first throttle valve 31 and adjust an opening degree of the second throttle valve 32, so as to defrost the outdoor heat exchanger 4.
By the above mode, in the refrigeration or heating mode, the second throttle valve 32 is fully opened, so that the flow of the working medium in the refrigeration or heating mode is ensured; in the defrosting mode, the indoor air can still absorb heat from the working medium flowing through the indoor heat exchanger 2, and the heating of the indoor environment is maintained. On the outdoor side, the second throttle valve 32 is used as a throttle part to adjust the opening, specifically, in the defrosting mode, as shown in fig. 1, the second throttle valve 32 divides the pipeline of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 into a condensing pipeline 41 and an evaporating pipeline 42, the pipeline between the second throttle valve 32 and the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is the condensing pipeline 41, i.e. a pipeline equivalent to the action of a condenser, the pipeline between the second throttle valve 32 and the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is the evaporating pipeline 42, i.e. a pipeline equivalent to the action of an evaporator, and the medium-temperature and medium-pressure working medium from the indoor heat exchanger 2 is cooled and released in the condensing pipeline 41, so that the defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is realized; the working medium is evaporated in the evaporation pipeline 42 to absorb heat so as to maintain the heating operation. Through the mode, the air conditioner can continuously heat the indoor environment and simultaneously complete the defrosting work of the outdoor heat exchanger 4. And, compared with the prior art, the device of the air conditioner is modified only by adding the second throttle valve 32 in the outdoor heat exchanger 4, thereby reducing the technical difficulty and the production cost for realizing the improvement. It should be noted that, in the cooling or heating mode, the second throttle valve 32 is fully opened, and the outdoor heat exchanger 4 can still be used as a condenser or an evaporator alone, and at this time, the evaporation line 42 and the condensation line 41 only perform the evaporation or condensation function.
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of the working medium of the air conditioner in the defrosting mode according to the embodiment of the invention; referring to fig. 2, the air conditioner further includes a bypass line 5, a first end (i.e., left end in the figure) of the bypass line 5 is communicated with the working medium outlet of the compressor 1, and a second end (i.e., right end in the figure) of the bypass line 5 is connected between the working medium outlet of the indoor heat exchanger 2 and the first throttle valve 31.
Through the mode, the two ends of the bypass pipeline 5 are respectively communicated with the working medium outlet of the compressor 1 and the working medium outlet of the indoor heat exchanger 2, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium at the outlet of the compressor 1 can directly enter the condensation pipeline 41 of the outdoor heat exchanger 4, the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is improved, the defrosting time is shortened, and the defrosting effect is improved.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a third throttle valve 33 is disposed in a pipeline from the working medium outlet of the compressor 1 to the working medium inlet of the indoor heat exchanger 2, and a fourth throttle valve 34 is disposed in the bypass pipeline 5.
Through the way, the setting of the third throttle valve 33 can flexibly control the flow of the working medium entering the indoor heat exchanger 2, and the setting of the fourth throttle valve 34 can control whether the working medium enters the outdoor heat exchanger 4 from the bypass branch 5 or not and further control the flow of the working medium entering the outdoor heat exchanger 4. And in the cooling or heating mode, the fourth throttle valve 34 is closed, so that the working medium is prevented from flowing into the bypass branch 5 to influence the normal cooling mode or heating mode of the air conditioner. And the fourth throttle valve 34 is opened in the defrosting mode, so that the working medium enters the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through the bypass pipeline 5, the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is increased, and the defrosting effect of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is obviously improved. In addition, the opening degree of the third throttle valve 33 and the fourth throttle valve 34 can be adjusted to accurately adjust the flow of the working medium according to the requirement, so that the effect of accurate temperature control is achieved.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the air conditioner further includes a first temperature sensor 61 disposed at the working medium inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 4, and the controller of the air conditioner adjusts the opening degrees of the third throttle valve 33 and the fourth throttle valve 34 according to the detection result of the first temperature sensor 61.
In the above manner, the working medium inlet temperature T3 of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is monitored in real time or in an untimed manner, and feedback control is performed according to the working medium inlet temperature T3 of the outdoor heat exchanger 4, and the opening degrees of the third throttle valve 33 and the fourth throttle valve 34 are adjusted, so that the temperature at the working medium inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is feedback-controlled to be within a reasonable temperature range. The temperature at the working medium inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is not too high or too low, and the defrosting energy consumption is too high or the indoor heating requirement is difficult to ensure due to the too high temperature; and if the temperature is too low, the defrosting efficiency is affected, and the temperature at the working medium outlet of the indoor heat exchanger 2 is possibly too low, so that the liquid impact risk is caused.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air conditioner further includes a second temperature sensor (not shown in the figure) for detecting the outdoor temperature T4, a humidity sensor (not shown in the figure) for detecting the outdoor humidity, and a pressure sensor (not shown in the figure) for detecting the working medium pressure of the outdoor heat exchanger 4, and the air conditioner further includes a defrosting determination module (not shown in the figure) configured to: calculating dew point temperature according to the outdoor humidity and the outdoor temperature T4; calculating the saturated gas temperature according to the working medium pressure; in response to the saturated gas temperature being lower than the dew point temperature, the first throttle valve 31 is opened and the opening degree of the second throttle valve 32 is adjusted, thereby defrosting the outdoor heat exchanger 4.
By the mode, the outdoor temperature T4, the humidity and the working medium pressure are monitored in real time or in an untimely manner, whether the defrosting condition is met is judged, the outdoor heat exchanger 4 can be defrosted when the frosting possibility is met and the defrosting condition requirement is met, preferably, the real-time monitoring is carried out, the outdoor heat exchanger 4 can be defrosted immediately when the frosting possibility is met and the defrosting condition requirement is met, the phenomenon that the defrosting is carried out after an excessively thick frost layer is formed on the surface of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is avoided, and the normal use and the refrigerating/heating effect of the air conditioner are guaranteed due to influences.
Further, the defrosting determination module determines whether to defrost the outdoor heat exchanger 4 according to the comparison between the outdoor temperature T4 and the predetermined threshold.
In this way, when the outdoor temperature T4 is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold (for example, 0 ℃), the air conditioner enters the heating mode operation, and this control is performed because the surface of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is not usually frosted when the outdoor temperature is higher than the predetermined threshold, and thus the heating mode operation is performed.
And the outdoor temperature T4 is less than a specified threshold value, whether the saturated gas temperature is lower than the dew point temperature or not is judged, if the saturated gas temperature is lower than the dew point temperature, the air conditioner enters a defrosting mode, and if the saturated gas temperature is not lower than the dew point temperature, the air conditioner continues to operate in a heating mode.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when defrosting the outdoor heat exchanger 4, the controller of the air conditioner controls the outdoor fan 43 corresponding to the outdoor heat exchanger 4 to operate at the lowest gear.
In this way, under the defrosting mode, outdoor fan 43 is in the operation of minimum gear, and the condensation of the evaporation pipeline 41 of outdoor heat exchanger 4 is effectual (because outdoor ambient temperature is less than the regulation threshold value, does not need outdoor fan 43 to strengthen the heat transfer), and the wind that outdoor fan 43 blew out can melt the frost layer on outdoor heat exchanger 4 surface through evaporation pipeline 42, avoids higher gear rotational speed to make air flow velocity too fast, reduces the heat loss of evaporation pipeline.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air conditioner further includes a third temperature sensor 62, the third temperature sensor 62 detects a middle temperature T3B of the outdoor heat exchanger 4, and the controller of the air conditioner controls the air conditioner to enter the heating mode after the middle temperature T3B is greater than a preset value and lasts for a predetermined time.
In this way, if the temperature of the middle part of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 returns to the preset value for the specified time, it is further indicated that the frost in the condensation pipeline 41 is completely removed and the heat is fully transferred to the middle part. The defrosting effect is judged by detecting the middle temperature T3B of the outdoor heat exchanger, and the temperature of the surface of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 can be more accurately reflected, so that whether defrosting is finished or not is judged, and the defrosting effect is stable and reliable. After defrosting is finished, the air conditioner is controlled to enter a heating mode, the temperature of the indoor environment is guaranteed, and the heating requirements of users are met. In the specific embodiment of the invention, the preset value is 10 ℃, the specified time is 5min, and when the middle temperature T3B of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is more than 10 ℃ and lasts for 5min, the air conditioner enters a heating mode. Of course, the preset value and the prescribed time may be changed according to the environment in which the air conditioner is located.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the air conditioner further includes a four-way valve 7, and four ports of the four-way valve 7 are respectively connected to the working medium inlet of the compressor 1, the working medium outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 4, and the working medium inlet of the indoor heat exchanger 2. The four-way valve 7 can control the flow direction of the working medium, so that the air conditioner can circulate reversibly, and has the functions of refrigeration and heating, and the normal operation of an air conditioner system is ensured. Further, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the four-way valve 7 is not reversed during the process of switching the air conditioner from the heating mode to the defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger 4. The reason is that the four-way valve 7 has high noise when being switched, certain impact can be caused to pipelines and equipment of a system, the service life and the reliability of a unit are influenced, the four-way valve 7 does not change the direction in the defrosting process, and the service life and the reliability of the air conditioner are prolonged.
Preferably, the controller according to the embodiment of the present invention may be a central processing unit, and the central processing unit may be capable of determining that the air conditioner should enter the defrosting mode and exit the defrosting mode, sending a signal instruction to control the air conditioner to enter different operation modes, and controlling the opening of the first throttle valve 31, the second throttle valve 32, the third throttle valve 33, and the fourth throttle valve 34, controlling the wind speed of the indoor fan, and the wind speed of the outdoor fan 43 according to the operation mode of the air conditioner; receiving and correspondingly processing data sent by temperature sensors (a first temperature sensor 61, a second temperature sensor and a third temperature sensor 62), humidity sensors and pressure sensors; sends a signal to the four-way valve 7 to control the reversing of the four-way valve 7.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a control method of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention. The air conditioner structure according to the control method of the embodiment of the present invention includes the above-mentioned compressor 1, four-way valve 7, indoor heat exchanger 2, outdoor heat exchanger 4, first throttle valve 31, second throttle valve 32, third throttle valve 33, fourth throttle valve 34, defrosting determination module, controller, first temperature sensor 61, second temperature sensor, third temperature sensor 62, humidity sensor, and pressure sensor. Referring to fig. 3, the control method includes the following steps:
s1: the air conditioner enters a heating mode to operate, the third throttle valve 33 and the second throttle valve 32 are controlled to be opened, the fourth throttle valve 34 is controlled to be closed, and the opening degree of the first throttle valve 31 is controlled and adjusted according to the operation system of the air conditioner;
s2: judging whether the air conditioner enters a defrosting mode or not;
specifically, firstly, whether the outdoor environment temperature detected by the temperature detection module is greater than a specified threshold is judged, if the outdoor environment temperature is greater than or equal to the specified threshold, the step S1 is continuously executed, if the outdoor environment temperature is less than the specified threshold, whether the saturated gas temperature is lower than the dew point temperature is further judged, if the saturated gas temperature is not lower than the dew point temperature, the step S6 is executed, and if the saturated gas temperature is lower than the dew point temperature, the step S3 is executed;
s3: the air conditioner enters a defrosting mode, the four-way valve 7 is controlled not to change direction, the outdoor fan 43 is controlled to forcibly run the minimum windshield, the first throttle valve 31 is controlled to be opened, the opening degree of the second throttle valve 32 is automatically controlled and adjusted according to the running system of the air conditioner, the third throttle valve 33 is controlled to be in the first initial opening degree, the fourth throttle valve 34 is controlled to be in the second initial opening degree, and then the opening degrees of the third throttle valve 33 and the fourth throttle valve 34 are controlled and adjusted according to the inlet temperature T3 of the outdoor side heat exchanger;
s4: judging whether the air conditioner exits the defrosting mode or not;
specifically, whether the middle temperature T3B of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is greater than a preset value and lasts for a specified time is judged;
s5: if so, the air conditioner is switched to a heating mode to operate, the third throttle valve 33 and the second throttle valve 32 are controlled to be opened, the fourth throttle valve 34 is controlled to be closed, and the opening of the first throttle valve 31 is controlled and adjusted according to the operating system of the air conditioner; until step S6 is satisfied;
s6: the air conditioner continues to operate until step S2 is satisfied, or a shutdown signal is received.
The respective steps are explained more specifically.
In step S1, the air conditioner receives a heating operation signal, which may be obtained in response to an operation of a remote controller key (not shown) of the air conditioner or a key on a control panel (not shown) of the air conditioner, to enter a heating mode.
In step S2, if the outdoor temperature T4 is not less than 0 ℃, continuing to perform step S1, if T4 is less than 0 ℃, determining whether the saturated gas temperature is lower than the dew point temperature, and performing step S3 if the saturated gas temperature is lower than the dew point temperature, otherwise performing step S6.
Further, the first initial opening degree of the third throttle valve 33 in step S3 is preferably 108 steps, and the second initial opening degree of the fourth throttle valve 34 is preferably 360 steps.
In step S3, controlling and adjusting the opening degrees of the third throttle valve 33 and the fourth throttle valve 34 according to the inlet temperature T3 of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 includes: and if the temperature is more than or equal to 25 ℃, T3 is more than or equal to 40 ℃, the opening degree of the third throttle valve 33 is increased, the opening degree of the fourth throttle valve is reduced, if the temperature is more than 25 ℃, T3 is more than 10 ℃, the opening degree of the third throttle valve 33 is reduced, the opening degree of the fourth throttle valve 34 is increased, and if the temperature is more than 30 ℃, T3 is more than or equal to 25 ℃, the opening degrees of the third throttle valve 33 and the fourth throttle valve 34 are maintained unchanged.
Through the above manner, when the inlet temperature T3 of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is lower, the opening degree of the fourth throttle valve 34 is increased, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium at the outlet of the compressor 1 can enter the outdoor heat exchanger 4 more, the inlet temperature T3 of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is increased more quickly, the defrosting effect on the surface of the condensation pipeline 41 is improved, the condensation pipeline 41 heats the outdoor air when the heat is released in a cold condition, the heated air is transferred to the evaporation pipeline 42, the evaporation pipeline 42 is favorable for absorbing the heat of the heated air, and the frost layer on the surface of the evaporation pipeline 42 of the outdoor evaporator 4 is melted. On the other hand, when the inlet temperature T3 of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is high, the opening degree of the third throttle valve 33 is increased, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium at the outlet of the compressor 1 can enter the indoor heat exchanger 2 for heat exchange more, the normal operation of a heating mode is ensured, appropriate heat is generated to maintain the indoor temperature, and the heating requirement of a user is reliably met. When T3 is between 25 ℃ and 30 ℃, the heat generated by the heating mode of the air conditioner can satisfy the heating requirement of the user, and the defrosting effect of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 can be ensured, so that the opening degrees of the third throttle valve 33 and the fourth throttle valve 34 can be maintained.
More specifically, T3 is more than or equal to 40 ℃, the opening degree of the third throttle valve 33 is +40 steps, and the opening degree of the fourth throttle valve 34 is-40 steps; t3 is more than or equal to 35 ℃ at the temperature of 40 ℃, the opening degree of the third throttle valve 33 is plus 24 steps, and the opening degree of the fourth throttle valve 34 is minus 24 steps; t3 is more than 35 ℃ and is more than or equal to 30 ℃, the opening degree of the third throttle valve 33 is +8 steps, and the opening degree of the fourth throttle valve 34 is-8 steps.
Specifically, T3 is more than or equal to 20 ℃ at the temperature of 25 ℃, the opening degree of the third throttle valve 33 is-8 steps, and the opening degree of the fourth throttle valve 34 is +8 steps; t3 is more than or equal to 15 ℃ at the temperature of 20 ℃, the opening degree of the third throttle valve 33 is minus 24 steps, and the opening degree of the fourth throttle valve 34 is plus 24 steps; t3 is more than 15 ℃ and is more than or equal to 10 ℃, the opening degree of the third throttle valve 33 is minus 40 steps, and the opening degree of the fourth throttle valve 34 is plus 40 steps; the temperature of 10 ℃ is higher than T3, the opening degree of the third throttle valve 33 is minus 56 steps, and the opening degree of the fourth throttle valve 34 is plus 56 steps.
The above-mentioned opening degree adjustment of the third throttle valve 33 and the fourth throttle valve 34 in different temperature intervals is only an example, and a person skilled in the art may adjust the number of specific steps and perform other temperature settings according to actual conditions, and the invention does not limit the specific opening degrees of the third throttle valve 33 and the fourth throttle valve 34 in different inlet temperature ranges.
Further, the opening degrees of the third throttle valve 33 and the fourth throttle valve 34 are adjusted once every prescribed time, for example, the opening degrees of the fourth throttle valve 34 and the third throttle valve 33 are adjusted every 20 s. Thus, the opening degrees of the third throttle valve 33 and the fourth throttle valve 34 can be adjusted at regular time according to the inlet temperature T3, the heating requirement of the user can be met by the operation of the heating mode, and the defrosting effect of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 can be ensured.
In step S6 of the embodiment of the present invention, the air conditioner continues heating operation, and the air conditioner receives an instruction from a remote controller key or an air conditioner control panel to control the air conditioner to shut down. The controller, the remote controller and the control panel are all common application forms in the field, and are not described herein again.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. An air conditioner comprises a compressor, a four-way valve, an indoor heat exchanger, a first throttle valve and an outdoor heat exchanger which are sequentially communicated through pipelines and form a working medium circulation flow path, and is characterized in that a second throttle valve is arranged in a heat exchange pipeline of the outdoor heat exchanger, and a controller of the air conditioner can open the first throttle valve and adjust the opening of the second throttle valve so as to defrost the outdoor heat exchanger;
the second throttling valve divides a heat exchange pipeline of the outdoor heat exchanger into a condensation pipeline and an evaporation pipeline, a pipeline between the second throttling valve and an inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger is the condensation pipeline, a pipeline between the second throttling valve and an outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger is the evaporation pipeline, the condensation pipeline heats outdoor air when meeting cold and releasing heat, and the heated air is transmitted to the evaporation pipeline;
the air conditioner also comprises a bypass pipeline, wherein the first end of the bypass pipeline is communicated between a working medium outlet of the compressor and a working medium inlet of the four-way valve, and the second end of the bypass pipeline is connected between a working medium outlet of the indoor heat exchanger and an inlet of the first throttling valve;
a third throttle valve is arranged in a pipeline from a working medium outlet of the four-way valve to a working medium inlet of the indoor heat exchanger, and a fourth throttle valve is arranged in the bypass pipeline;
the air conditioner also comprises a first temperature sensor arranged at a working medium inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger, the first temperature sensor is used for detecting the working medium inlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger, and a controller of the air conditioner adjusts the opening degrees of the third throttle valve and the fourth throttle valve according to the working medium inlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger so as to adjust the working medium temperature entering the outdoor heat exchanger;
still including the second temperature sensor who is used for detecting outdoor temperature, the humidity transducer who is used for detecting outdoor humidity and the pressure sensor who is used for detecting outdoor heat exchanger working medium pressure, the air conditioner still includes defrosting judgement module, defrosting judgement module configures into:
when the outdoor environment temperature is lower than a specified threshold value, calculating the dew point temperature according to the outdoor humidity and the outdoor temperature;
calculating the temperature of saturated gas according to the pressure of the working medium;
in response to the saturated gas temperature being lower than the dew point temperature, opening the first throttle valve and adjusting the opening of the second throttle valve, thereby defrosting the outdoor heat exchanger; when the air conditioner is switched from a heating mode to a defrosting process of the outdoor heat exchanger, the four-way valve does not change the direction;
the air conditioner further comprises an outdoor fan arranged on one side, far away from the condensation pipeline, of the evaporation pipeline, the outdoor fan faces the evaporation pipeline, and when the outdoor heat exchanger is defrosted, the controller of the air conditioner controls the outdoor fan corresponding to the outdoor heat exchanger to operate at the lowest gear.
2. The air conditioner of claim 1, further comprising a third temperature sensor, wherein the third temperature sensor detects a middle temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger, and the controller of the air conditioner controls the air conditioner to enter a heating mode after the middle temperature is greater than a preset value and lasts for a specified time.
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