CN113864382A - Viscous fluid damping shock absorber with rigidity - Google Patents
Viscous fluid damping shock absorber with rigidity Download PDFInfo
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- CN113864382A CN113864382A CN202111142984.3A CN202111142984A CN113864382A CN 113864382 A CN113864382 A CN 113864382A CN 202111142984 A CN202111142984 A CN 202111142984A CN 113864382 A CN113864382 A CN 113864382A
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- cylinder body
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- shock absorber
- sealing cover
- damping
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- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002498 deadly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/10—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
- F16F9/14—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect
- F16F9/16—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts
- F16F9/18—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
- Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a viscous fluid damping shock absorber with rigidity, which comprises a left ear plate, a piston rod, a front elastic device, a damping cylinder body, a front sealing cover, a rear sealing cover, a piston, a damping medium, an auxiliary cylinder body and a right ear plate. The invention effectively improves the vibration resistance of the viscous fluid damping shock absorber, and prolongs the service life and the use safety of the viscous fluid damping shock absorber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vibration reduction and shock resistance, in particular to a viscous fluid damping shock absorber with rigidity.
Background
The viscous damper is equivalent to a piston cylinder with a viscous working medium in structure, and is widely applied to the fields of machinery, buildings and the like. The control mechanism of the viscous damper is that partial energy transferred from the structure is converted into heat energy to be dissipated in the process of compression deformation or high-speed flow of a working medium, so that the aims of relieving the impact of external load, reducing the vibration of the structure and protecting the safety of the structure are fulfilled. This viscous damper is a velocity dependent damper and has no damping effect on structural deformation caused by static loads. However, once large impacts such as earthquakes occur, the conventional velocity-dependent viscous damper reaches the limit displacement, the piston rod is pulled or pushed, even the structure is damaged, the due cushioning function cannot be achieved, and the actual requirements cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a viscous fluid damping shock absorber with rigidity so as to solve the problem that the conventional speed-dependent viscous damper reaches the limit displacement, a piston rod is pulled or pushed, and even the structure is damaged, so that the conventional shock absorbing function cannot be realized in the case of large impact such as an earthquake.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a viscous fluid damping shock absorber with rigidity comprises a left ear plate, a piston rod, a front elastic device, a damping cylinder body, a front sealing cover, a rear sealing cover, a piston, a damping medium, an auxiliary cylinder body and a right ear plate, wherein the left ear plate is connected with the left end of the piston rod, the damping cylinder body is arranged on the right side of the left ear plate, the front elastic device is arranged between the left ear plate and the damping cylinder body, the piston is radially arranged on the piston rod inside the damping cylinder body, the front sealing cover is arranged at the left end of the damping cylinder body, the rear sealing cover is arranged at the right end of the damping cylinder body, sealing rings are arranged inside the front sealing cover and the rear sealing cover, the damping medium is arranged in the damping cylinder body between the front sealing cover and the rear sealing cover, the auxiliary cylinder body is connected on the right side of the damping cylinder body, the piston rod penetrates through the middle parts of the front sealing cover, the piston and the rear sealing cover and then extends into the auxiliary cylinder body, and the right ear plate is connected at the right end of the auxiliary cylinder body, and through holes are formed in the left ear plate and the right ear plate.
Preferably, the front elastic device is a spring wound on the piston rod.
Preferably, the length of the spring is equal to the shortest distance between the left ear plate and the front cover in the design stroke.
Preferably, the length of the spring is equal to the longest distance between the left ear plate and the front cover in the design stroke.
Preferably, leading resilient means is a multilayer viscoelastic device, multilayer viscoelastic device draws the layer, draws the layer outward, compound elastic material layer including interior, the compound elastic material layer bonds and draws the layer outward in interior, draw and be equipped with the clearance between layer and the damping cylinder body in, draw the left end fixed connection on layer in and draw the right side periphery of left otic placode, draw the right-hand member fixed connection on layer in the damping cylinder body left side periphery outward.
Preferably, the composite elastic material layer is a rubber layer.
Preferably, the composite elastic material layer comprises a rubber layer and a steel plate layer, the steel plate layer is arranged inside the rubber layer, and the inner surface and the outer surface of each steel plate layer are adhered to the rubber layer.
Preferably, the right end of the piston rod is fixedly connected with a stop block, a rear elastic device is arranged between the rear sealing cover and the stop block, and the rear elastic device is a section of rear spring wound on the piston rod.
Preferably, the length of the rear spring is equal to the shortest distance between the rear cover and the stop block in the design stroke.
Preferably, the length of the rear spring is equal to the longest distance between the rear cover and the stop block within the designed stroke.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the damping shock absorber is novel and scientific in structure, and the front elastic device and the rear elastic device are arranged, so that when the damping shock absorber is subjected to large vibration, the elastic devices can provide certain rigidity to play a role in soft limiting, a piston rod of the damper is prevented from being dead pulled or dead pushed when reaching the limit displacement, and the vibration force of the structure can be effectively buffered under rare displacement. The invention effectively improves the vibration resistance of the viscous fluid damping shock absorber, and prolongs the service life and the use safety of the viscous fluid damping shock absorber.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the embodiment of the invention discloses a main view structure schematic diagram.
FIG. 2: the embodiment of the invention discloses a cross-sectional body structure schematic diagram.
FIG. 3: the embodiment of the invention discloses a left-view structure schematic diagram.
FIG. 4: the second embodiment of the invention is a schematic view of a main view structure.
FIG. 5: the second cross-sectional structure of the embodiment of the invention is schematically shown.
FIG. 6: the three main views of the embodiment of the invention are schematically shown.
FIG. 7: the third cross-sectional structure of the embodiment of the invention is schematically shown.
FIG. 8: part A in FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure.
FIG. 9: the third left view structure of the embodiment of the invention is schematically shown.
FIG. 10: the four left-view structure of the embodiment of the invention is schematically shown.
In the figure: the damping cylinder comprises a left lug plate 1, a piston rod 2, a front elastic device 3, a damping cylinder body 4, a front seal cover 5, a rear seal cover 6, a piston 7, a sealing ring 8, a damping medium 9, an auxiliary cylinder body 10, a right lug plate 11, a through hole 12, a front spring 13, a multi-layer viscoelastic device 14, an inner pull layer 15, an outer pull layer 16, a composite elastic material layer 17, a rubber layer 18, a steel plate layer 19, a stop block 20, a rear elastic device 21 and a rear spring 22.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a viscous fluid damping shock absorber with rigidity refers to the attached figures 1-3 of the specification, and comprises a left ear plate 1, a piston rod 2, a front elastic device 3, a damping cylinder 4, a front sealing cover 5, a rear sealing cover 6, a piston 7, a damping medium 9, an auxiliary cylinder 10 and a right ear plate 11, wherein the left ear plate 1 is connected with the left end of the piston rod 2, the damping cylinder 4 is arranged on the right side of the left ear plate 1, the front elastic device 3 is arranged between the left ear plate 1 and the damping cylinder 4, the piston 7 is radially arranged on the piston rod 2 in the damping cylinder 4, the front sealing cover 5 is arranged at the left end of the damping cylinder 4, the rear sealing cover 6 is arranged on the damping cylinder 4, sealing rings 8 are arranged in the front sealing cover 5 and the rear sealing cover 6, the damping medium 9 is arranged in the damping cylinder 4 between the front sealing cover 5 and the rear sealing cover 6, the auxiliary cylinder 10 is connected with the right side of the damping cylinder 4, the piston rod 2 is arranged in the front sealing cover 5, the rear sealing cover 6, The middle parts of the piston 7 and the rear sealing cover 6 penetrate through and then extend into the auxiliary cylinder body 10, and the right ear plate 11 is connected to the right end of the auxiliary cylinder body 10.
In the present embodiment, the front elastic device 3 is a front spring 13 wound on the piston rod 2, and the length of the front spring 13 is equal to the shortest distance between the left ear plate 1 and the front cover 5 in the design stroke. The present embodiment further includes a rear elastic device 21, the right end of the piston rod 2 is fixedly connected with the stopper 20, the rear elastic device 21 is a section of rear spring 22 wound on the piston rod 2, the rear spring 22 is disposed between the rear cover 6 and the stopper 20, and the length of the rear spring 22 is equal to the shortest distance between the rear cover 6 and the stopper 20 in the design stroke.
In the use of the present embodiment, when the piston 7 is pushed rightwards to reach the displacement limit in the design stroke, neither the front spring 13 nor the rear spring 22 intervenes, and when the piston 7 is pushed rightwards to reach the limit displacement, the front spring 13 starts to intervene; when the piston 7 stretches leftwards to reach the displacement limit in the design stroke, the front spring 13 and the rear spring 22 do not intervene, and when the piston 7 stretches leftwards to reach the limit displacement, the rear spring 22 starts to intervene. After the front spring 13 and the rear spring 22 are involved in work, certain rigidity can be provided for the damping shock absorber, a soft limiting function is achieved, the situation that the damper is deadly pushed or pulled when extreme displacement is achieved is avoided, and the vibration force received by the effective buffering structure under rare displacement is avoided.
Example two:
a viscous fluid damping shock absorber with stiffness, as described in the accompanying figures 4-5. The basic structure of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the length of the front spring 13 is equal to the longest distance between the left ear plate 1 and the front cover 5 in the design stroke, and the length of the back spring 22 is equal to the longest distance between the back cover 6 and the stop 20 in the design stroke.
When the damping shock absorber is used, when the damping shock absorber is pushed to the right or stretched to the left in a designed stroke, the front spring 13 and the rear spring 22 participate in the whole displacement process of the damping shock absorber, the front spring 13 and the rear spring 22 always provide certain rigidity, a soft limiting function is achieved, the speed of the damping shock absorber reaching the limit displacement is effectively reduced, and the damping shock absorber is prevented from being pulled or pushed to the dead when reaching the limit displacement. The structure is suitable for being used in a construction engineering structure which is wind-resistant, vibration-resistant and has earthquake-resistant requirements at ordinary times.
Example three:
a viscous fluid damping shock absorber with stiffness, as herein described with reference to figures 6 to 9 of the accompanying drawings. The basic structure of the embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment and the second embodiment, and the improvement is that the rear elastic device and the stopper are not arranged, meanwhile, the front elastic device 3 is a multilayer viscoelastic device 14, the multilayer viscoelastic device 14 comprises an inner pull layer 15, an outer pull layer 16 and a composite elastic material layer 17, the composite elastic material layer 17 is bonded between the inner pull layer 15 and the outer pull layer 16, and a gap is arranged between the inner pull layer 15 and the damping cylinder body 4. The left end of the inner pulling layer 15 is fixedly connected to the periphery of the right side of the left lug plate 1 through a fixing mode such as welding or threaded connection, and the right end of the outer pulling layer 16 is also fixedly connected to the periphery of the left side of the damping cylinder body 4 through a fixing mode such as welding or threaded connection. The cross section of the composite elastic material layer 17 is circular.
The composite elastic material layer 17 may be a single rubber layer, or may be formed by combining a plurality of rubber layers 18 and a plurality of steel plate layers 19. If the composite elastic material layer is formed by combining a plurality of rubber layers and a plurality of steel plate layers, the steel plate layer 19 is arranged inside the rubber layer 18, and the inner surface and the outer surface of each steel plate layer 19 are adhered to the rubber layer 18 as seen from the cross section of the composite elastic material layer, for example, the composite elastic material layer is provided with three rubber layers and two steel plate layers which are sequentially a rubber layer, a steel plate layer, a rubber layer, a steel plate layer and a rubber layer from outside to inside.
In use, when the damping shock absorber is stretched within a design stroke, the inner pulling layer 15 and the outer pulling layer 16 of the multi-layer viscoelastic device 14 move in opposite directions, respectively, and when the damping shock absorber is compressed within the design stroke, the inner pulling layer and the outer pulling layer of the multi-layer viscoelastic device 14 simultaneously move in opposite directions, and the multi-layer viscoelastic device 14 participates in the operation of the damping shock absorber during the whole displacement process. The multilayer viscoelastic device 14 utilizes the stretchability of rubber to provide certain rigidity all the time in the motion process of the damping shock absorber, thereby playing a role of soft limiting, effectively slowing down the speed of the damper reaching the ultimate displacement and preventing the damper from being pulled or pushed when reaching the ultimate displacement. The structure is suitable for being used in a construction engineering structure which is wind-resistant, vibration-resistant and has earthquake-resistant requirements at ordinary times.
Example four:
a viscous fluid damping shock absorber with stiffness, please refer to figure 10 of the specification. The basic structure of the present embodiment is the same as that of the third embodiment, and the improvement is that the cross section of the composite elastic material layer 17 is provided with a square frame shape, and the connecting part of the inner pulling layer 15 and the left ear plate 1 and the connecting part of the outer pulling layer 17 and the damping cylinder 4 can be made into a suitable shape according to the shape of the composite elastic material layer 17.
The cross section of the composite elastic material layer can be set into other shapes besides a circular ring shape and a square frame shape, and the connecting part of the left lug plate and the inner pull layer and the connecting part of the damping cylinder body and the multiple outer pull layers can be made into suitable shapes according to the shape requirement of the composite elastic material layer.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a take viscous fluid damping bumper shock absorber of rigidity which characterized in that: comprises a left ear plate, a piston rod, a front elastic device, a damping cylinder body, a front sealing cover, a rear sealing cover, a piston, a damping medium, an auxiliary cylinder body and a right ear plate, the left ear plate is connected with the left end of the piston rod, the damping cylinder body is arranged on the right side of the left ear plate, the front elastic device is arranged between the left ear plate and the damping cylinder body, the piston is radially arranged on a piston rod in the damping cylinder body, the front sealing cover is arranged at the left end of the damping cylinder body, the rear sealing cover is arranged at the right end of the damping cylinder body, the sealing rings are arranged inside the front sealing cover and the rear sealing cover, the damping medium is arranged in the damping cylinder body between the front sealing cover and the rear sealing cover, the auxiliary cylinder body is connected to the right side of the damping cylinder body, the piston rod passes the middle part of back stretching into vice cylinder body in preceding closing cap, piston and back closing cap, the right-hand member at vice cylinder body is connected to the right-hand member, all be equipped with the through-hole on left otic placode and the right otic placode.
2. A viscous fluid damping shock absorber with stiffness according to claim 1, characterized in that: the front elastic device is a section of spring wound on the piston rod.
3. A viscous fluid damping shock absorber with stiffness according to claim 2, characterized in that: the length of the spring is equal to the shortest distance between the left lug plate and the front sealing cover in the design stroke.
4. A viscous fluid damping shock absorber with stiffness according to claim 2, characterized in that: the length of the spring is equal to the longest distance between the left ear plate and the front cover in the design stroke.
5. A viscous fluid damping shock absorber with stiffness according to claim 1, characterized in that: leading resilient means is a multilayer viscoelastic device, multilayer viscoelastic device draws layer, outer layer, compound elastic material layer of drawing including interior, compound elastic material layer bonds and draws between the layer and draw outward in interior, draw in and be equipped with the clearance between layer and the damping cylinder body, draw the left end fixed connection on layer in and draw the right side periphery of left otic placode, draw the right-hand member fixed connection on layer in the damping cylinder body left side periphery outward.
6. A viscous fluid damping shock absorber with stiffness according to claim 5, characterized in that: the composite elastic material layer is a rubber layer.
7. A viscous fluid damping shock absorber with stiffness according to claim 5, characterized in that: the composite elastic material layer comprises a rubber layer and a steel plate layer, the steel plate layer is arranged inside the rubber layer, and the inner surface and the outer surface of each steel plate layer are adhered to the rubber layer.
8. A viscous fluid damping shock absorber with stiffness according to claim 1, characterized in that: the right end of the piston rod is fixedly connected with a stop block, a rear elastic device is arranged between the rear sealing cover and the stop block, and the rear elastic device is a section of rear spring wound on the piston rod.
9. A viscous fluid damping shock absorber with stiffness according to claim 9, characterized in that: the length of the rear spring is equal to the shortest distance between the rear sealing cover and the stop block in the designed stroke.
10. A viscous fluid damping shock absorber with stiffness according to claim 10, characterized in that: the length of the rear spring is equal to the longest distance between the rear sealing cover and the stop block in the design stroke.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111142984.3A CN113864382A (en) | 2021-09-28 | 2021-09-28 | Viscous fluid damping shock absorber with rigidity |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111142984.3A CN113864382A (en) | 2021-09-28 | 2021-09-28 | Viscous fluid damping shock absorber with rigidity |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113864382A true CN113864382A (en) | 2021-12-31 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111142984.3A Pending CN113864382A (en) | 2021-09-28 | 2021-09-28 | Viscous fluid damping shock absorber with rigidity |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115479102A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-12-16 | 广州大学 | Upper restraint damping device for converter valve tower |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202745232U (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2013-02-20 | 陕西省建筑科学研究院 | Viscoelasticity damper |
| CN203247729U (en) * | 2013-02-07 | 2013-10-23 | 上海赛弗工程减震技术有限公司 | Viscous damper with static rigidity |
| RU176234U1 (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2018-01-12 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Первоуральский Автоагрегатный завод | Hydraulic shock absorber |
| CN109403499A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-03-01 | 苏州海德新材料科技股份有限公司 | Viscoelastic damper and its construction and installation structure |
| CN111663433A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-09-15 | 中国民航大学 | Self-resetting SMA-viscous vibration reduction damper |
| CN213176621U (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-05-11 | 江苏朗域电力科技有限公司 | Viscous damping shock absorber with automatic reset function |
| CN219452742U (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2023-08-01 | 衡水路泽金属制品有限公司 | Viscous fluid damping shock absorber with rigidity |
-
2021
- 2021-09-28 CN CN202111142984.3A patent/CN113864382A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202745232U (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2013-02-20 | 陕西省建筑科学研究院 | Viscoelasticity damper |
| CN203247729U (en) * | 2013-02-07 | 2013-10-23 | 上海赛弗工程减震技术有限公司 | Viscous damper with static rigidity |
| RU176234U1 (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2018-01-12 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Первоуральский Автоагрегатный завод | Hydraulic shock absorber |
| CN109403499A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-03-01 | 苏州海德新材料科技股份有限公司 | Viscoelastic damper and its construction and installation structure |
| CN111663433A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-09-15 | 中国民航大学 | Self-resetting SMA-viscous vibration reduction damper |
| CN213176621U (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-05-11 | 江苏朗域电力科技有限公司 | Viscous damping shock absorber with automatic reset function |
| CN219452742U (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2023-08-01 | 衡水路泽金属制品有限公司 | Viscous fluid damping shock absorber with rigidity |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115479102A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-12-16 | 广州大学 | Upper restraint damping device for converter valve tower |
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