CN113864062B - Solid ramjet wall surface cooling system and method with ejector - Google Patents
Solid ramjet wall surface cooling system and method with ejector Download PDFInfo
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- CN113864062B CN113864062B CN202111031737.6A CN202111031737A CN113864062B CN 113864062 B CN113864062 B CN 113864062B CN 202111031737 A CN202111031737 A CN 202111031737A CN 113864062 B CN113864062 B CN 113864062B
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- cooling
- combustion chamber
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- working medium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
- F02C7/16—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R5/00—Continuous combustion chambers using solid or pulverulent fuel
Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of thermal protection of solid ramjet engines, and particularly relates to a solid ramjet engine wall surface cooling system and method with an ejector. The heat exchange unit is arranged in a cooling working medium storage tank; the combustor cooling device comprises an ejector connected with a cooling working medium storage tank and a plurality of combustion chamber cooling channels, wherein the combustion chamber cooling channels are arranged on a wall surface shell of a combustion chamber, an inlet of each combustion chamber cooling channel is connected with an outlet of the ejector, an outlet of each combustion chamber cooling channel is connected with a spray pipe, and the outlet of each combustion chamber cooling channel is connected with an inlet of a heat exchange unit through a three-way valve. The ejector is adopted to suck the working medium at the outlet of the cooling channel of the combustion chamber, and the valve is matched with the ejector to adjust the flow of the working medium entering the storage tank, so that the heat exchange quantity of the working medium in the storage tank is adjusted to control the pressure in the tank; the pressure of the working medium in the storage tank is raised by utilizing heat energy, so that the pressure in the tank is maintained, and the pressure of the working medium entering the cooling channel is ensured to be higher than a supercritical value.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of thermal protection of solid ramjet engines, and particularly relates to a solid ramjet engine wall surface cooling system and method with an ejector.
Background
The combustion chamber is an important component of a solid ramjet engine and is the place where the propellant is stored and the chemical reaction of combustion takes place. The temperature of the fuel gas generated by the combustion chamber grain is up to 3000 ℃. With the increase of the working time and the increase of the flying speed of the solid ramjet, the solid ramjet combustion chamber needs to bear the high-temperature and high-pressure action of working for a longer time, and higher requirements are put forward on the thermal protection of the solid ramjet combustion chamber.
For a solid ramjet engine, high-temperature fuel gas in a combustion chamber transfers heat to a heat insulation layer, and then transfers the heat to a combustion chamber shell through heat conduction, and the rise of the temperature of the shell is an important hidden trouble of the work of the solid ramjet engine. When the flying speed is less than Mach 6, the traditional thermal protection method is to add an ablation layer and a thermal insulation layer in a combustion chamber, absorb a part of heat in the ablation process, and reduce the heat conduction by using a low-thermal conductivity material.
However, as the operating time of the engine increases, or as engine parameters increase, the temperature, pressure within the combustion chamber increase, and the operating time increases, all of which present challenges to conventional passive thermal protection methods.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure is directed to solving the above technical problems at least to some extent, and based on the discovery and recognition of the following facts and problems by the inventor, in order to achieve efficient thermal protection effect of a solid engine in a long-time and high-speed working state, a feasible technical approach is to carry extra cooling working media and thermally protect the wall surface of a combustion chamber by using an active cooling mode. In order to reduce the volume of the cooling medium, the cooling medium is often required to be in a high-pressure and high-density state. In order to ensure that the convective heat transfer process of the cooling working medium on the wall surface of the combustion chamber is stable and efficient, the pressure of the cooling working medium needs to be in a supercritical pressure, so that the phase change in the heat absorption process is avoided. The biggest difficult problem at present is that in the rapid discharge process, the pressure of the cooling working medium in the storage tank is reduced too fast, and the cooling working medium cannot be maintained at the supercritical pressure for a long time. Therefore, a new thermal protection measure for solid ramjet is an urgent issue to be further explored.
In view of the above, the present disclosure provides a system and a method for cooling a wall surface of a solid ramjet engine including an ejector, so as to solve technical problems in the related art.
According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a solid ramjet wall cooling system including an ejector is provided, comprising:
the heat exchange unit is arranged in the cooling working medium storage tank;
the working flow inlet of the ejector is connected with the cooling working medium storage tank, the ejection flow inlet of the ejector is connected with the outlet of the heat exchange unit, and the outlet of the ejector is connected with the inlet of the cooling channel of the combustion chamber of the solid ramjet engine through a pipeline and is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange unit through the corresponding three-way valve;
the combustion chamber cooling channel is arranged on the wall surface shell of the combustion chamber, the inlet of the combustion chamber cooling channel is connected with the outlet of the ejector, the outlet of the combustion chamber cooling channel is connected with the spray pipe, and meanwhile, the outlet of the combustion chamber cooling channel is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange unit through a three-way valve.
Optionally, the combustion chamber cooling channels are evenly distributed along the wall casing of the combustion chamber.
Optionally, a high-pressure cooling working medium is stored in the cooling working medium storage tank, and the cooling working medium is carbon dioxide.
Optionally, a first regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline between the cooling working medium storage tank and the ejector.
Optionally, the cross section of the cooling channel of the combustion chamber of the engine is rectangular, and the cooling working medium enters from the tail part of the combustion chamber in the cooling channel of the combustion chamber and flows out from the front part of the combustion chamber.
Optionally, the heat exchange unit is placed in the cooling working medium storage tank in the form of a spiral pipe.
According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a method for cooling a solid ramjet engine wall surface with an ejector is provided, which includes the following steps:
(1) constructing a solid ramjet wall cooling system in a solid ramjet system, comprising:
the heat exchange unit is arranged in the cooling working medium storage tank;
the working flow inlet of the ejector is connected with the cooling working medium storage tank, the ejection flow inlet of the ejector is connected with the outlet of the heat exchange unit, and the outlet of the ejector is connected with the inlet of the cooling channel of the combustion chamber of the solid ramjet engine through a pipeline and is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange unit through the corresponding three-way valve;
the combustion chamber cooling channel is arranged on the wall surface shell of the combustion chamber, the inlet of the combustion chamber cooling channel is connected with the outlet of the ejector, the outlet of the combustion chamber cooling channel is connected with the spray pipe, and meanwhile, the outlet of the combustion chamber cooling channel is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange unit through a three-way valve.
(2) When the solid ramjet is started, closing the first valve, the second valve and the third valve;
(3) when the measured temperature of the second temperature sensor is higher than the set temperature, simultaneously opening the first valve, the second valve and the third valve;
(4) when the cooling system works, the pressure and the temperature of the cooling working medium storage tank are measured, the wall surface temperature of the combustion chamber is measured and used as control input signals of the first valve, the second valve and the third valve, and the opening degree of the valve is adjusted.
Optionally, the process of adjusting the valve opening degree is as follows:
when the wall surface temperature of the combustion chamber is higher than the set value of the wall surface temperature of the combustion chamber, the opening degree of the first valve is increased;
when the wall surface temperature of the combustion chamber is lower than the set value of the wall surface temperature of the combustion chamber, reducing the opening degree of the first valve;
when the pressure of the cooling working medium storage tank is lower than the set value of the pressure of the cooling working medium storage tank, the opening degree of the second valve is increased, and the opening degree of the third valve is reduced; and when the pressure of the cooling working medium storage tank is higher than the set value of the pressure of the cooling working medium storage tank, increasing the opening degree of the third valve and reducing the opening degree of the second valve.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the ejector is adopted to suck the working medium at the outlet of the cooling channel of the combustion chamber, and a complex pump or a gas pressurization system is not needed; the valve is matched with the ejector, so that the flow of the working medium entering the storage tank can be adjusted, the heat exchange quantity of the working medium in the storage tank is further adjusted, and the pressure in the tank is controlled; the pressure of the working medium in the storage tank is raised by utilizing heat energy, so that the pressure in the tank is maintained, and the pressure of the working medium entering the cooling channel is ensured to be higher than a supercritical value.
Additional aspects and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an eductor-containing solid ramjet wall cooling system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a combustor wall cooling passage configuration shown according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 3 is a conventional unheated process andcooling medium storage tank CO of one embodiment of the present disclosure 2 Temperature and pressure versus time.
In fig. 1 and 2, 1 is a cooling working medium storage tank, 2 is a first valve, 3 is an ejector, 4 is an air inlet section of a solid ramjet, 5 is a combustion chamber of the solid ramjet, 6 is a cooling passage in the combustion chamber, 7 is a second valve, 8 is a heat exchange unit, 9 is a nozzle, 10 is a third valve, 11 is solid fuel, 12 is a combustion chamber passage, 13 is a tail nozzle, 14 is a pressure sensor, 15 is a first temperature sensor, 16 is a second temperature sensor, and 17 is a three-way valve.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the terms "inner", "outer", "first", "second", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience in describing the present disclosure and do not require that the present disclosure must be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.
A solid ramjet wall cooling system incorporating an eductor in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 and 2 are illustrations of an eductor-containing solid ramjet engine wall cooling system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, comprising:
the heat exchange unit 8 is arranged in the cooling working medium storage tank 1, and the heat exchange unit 8 is arranged in the cooling working medium storage tank 1;
the working flow inlet of the ejector 3 is connected with the cooling working medium storage tank 1, the ejection flow inlet of the ejector 3 is connected with the outlet of the heat exchange unit 8, the outlet of the ejector 3 is connected with the inlet of the cooling channel 6 of the combustion chamber of the solid ramjet engine through a pipeline, and is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange unit 8 through the three-way valve 17;
the combustion chamber cooling device comprises a plurality of combustion chamber cooling channels 6, wherein the combustion chamber cooling channels 6 are arranged on a wall surface shell of a combustion chamber, an inlet of each combustion chamber cooling channel 6 is connected with an outlet of the ejector 3, an outlet of each combustion chamber cooling channel 6 is connected with a spray pipe 9, and meanwhile, the outlets of the combustion chamber cooling channels 6 are connected with an inlet of the heat exchange unit 8 through a three-way valve 17.
In one embodiment, the combustion chamber cooling channels 6 are evenly distributed along the wall casing of the combustion chamber.
In one embodiment, a high pressure cooling medium is stored in the cooling medium storage tank 1. The cooling working medium is preferably a working medium with strong throttling and cooling effects, such as carbon dioxide.
In one embodiment, a first valve 2 is arranged on the pipeline between the cooling medium storage tank 1 and the ejector 3.
In one embodiment, the engine combustion chamber cooling channel 6 has a rectangular cross section, and the cooling medium enters from the rear of the combustion chamber 5 in the combustion chamber cooling channel 6 and flows out from the front of the combustion chamber 5.
In one embodiment, the heat exchange unit 8 is in the form of a spiral tube disposed in the cooling medium storage tank 1.
Corresponding to the solid ramjet wall surface cooling system with the ejector, the invention also provides a solid ramjet wall surface cooling method with the ejector, which comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing a cooling system as shown in fig. 1 in a solid ramjet engine system; the method comprises the following steps:
the heat exchange unit 8 is arranged in the cooling working medium storage tank 1, and the heat exchange unit 8 is arranged in the cooling working medium storage tank 1;
the working flow inlet of the ejector 3 is connected with the cooling working medium storage tank 1, the ejection flow inlet of the ejector 3 is connected with the outlet of the heat exchange unit 8, the outlet of the ejector 3 is connected with the inlet of the solid ramjet combustion chamber cooling channel 6 through a pipeline, and is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange unit 8 through the three-way valve 17;
the combustor cooling device comprises a plurality of combustor cooling channels 6, wherein the combustor cooling channels 6 are arranged on a wall surface shell of a combustor, an inlet of each combustor cooling channel 6 is connected with an outlet of the ejector 3, an outlet of each combustor cooling channel 6 is connected with a spray pipe 9, and meanwhile, the outlets of the combustor cooling channels 6 are connected with an inlet of the heat exchange unit 8 through a three-way valve 17.
(2) When the solid ramjet is started, the cooling system is not started in a period before the solid ramjet works, and the first valve 2, the second valve 7 and the third valve 10 are closed;
(3) when the measured temperature of the second temperature sensor 16 is higher than the set temperature, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the set temperature is 500 ℃, and the first valve 2, the second valve 7, and the third valve 10 are simultaneously opened; the cooling system starts to work, the wall surface temperature of the combustion chamber is continuously reduced, the cooling working medium after partial heat absorption transfers heat to the working medium in the cooling working medium storage tank, and the temperature and the pressure of the working medium in the cooling working medium storage tank are increased.
(4) When the cooling system works, the pressure and the temperature of the cooling working medium storage tank are measured, the wall surface temperature of the combustion chamber is measured and used as control input signals of the first valve 2, the second valve 7 and the third valve 10, and the opening degree of the valve is adjusted.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the process of adjusting the valve opening degree is as follows:
when the wall surface temperature of the combustion chamber 5 is higher than the set value of the wall surface temperature of the combustion chamber, the opening degree of the first valve 2 is increased; the flow of the cooling working medium flowing out of the cooling working medium storage tank is increased so as to enhance the cooling of the wall surface and reduce the temperature of the wall surface;
when the wall surface temperature of the combustion chamber 5 is lower than the set value of the wall surface temperature of the combustion chamber, the opening degree of the first valve 2 is reduced; reducing the flow of the cooling working medium flowing out of the storage tank to weaken the cooling of the wall surface and raise the temperature of the wall surface;
when the pressure of the cooling working medium storage tank is lower than the set value of the pressure of the cooling working medium storage tank, increasing the opening degree of the second valve 7 and reducing the opening degree of the third valve 10; the flow entering the heat exchange unit is increased, and the flow entering the spray pipe is reduced, so that the heat exchange quantity between the heat exchange unit and the working medium in the cooling working medium storage tank is increased, and the working medium pressure in the cooling working medium storage tank is increased;
and when the pressure of the cooling working medium storage tank is higher than the set value of the pressure of the cooling working medium storage tank, increasing the opening degree of the third valve 10 and reducing the opening degree of the second valve 7. The flow entering the heat exchange unit is reduced, the flow entering the spray pipe is increased, the heat exchange quantity of the heat exchange unit and the working medium in the cooling working medium storage tank is reduced, and the working medium pressure in the cooling working medium storage tank is reduced.
The embodiment of the disclosure shows a cooling system and a cooling method for a solid ramjet engine combustion chamber with an ejector, wherein a storage tank is adopted to store a high-pressure cooling working medium, the cooling working medium is used as a working fluid of the ejector, the high-pressure cooling working medium expands in the ejector to form a low-pressure, low-temperature and supersonic fluid, part of the cooling working medium in a cooling channel on the wall surface of the engine combustion chamber is sucked, two strands of the cooling working medium are mixed in the ejector, the mixed fluid is used as a cooling fluid of the engine combustion chamber, the temperature rises after heat absorption, one part of the heat-absorbed fluid is ejected through a spray pipe, the other part of the heat-absorbed fluid is sucked by the ejector, the part of the working medium exchanges heat with the cooling working medium in the storage tank, the pressure rises after the heat absorption of the cooling working medium in the storage tank, and the working medium flowing out of the storage tank is ensured to be in a supercritical pressure state all the time.
The present disclosure is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings are provided solely for the purposes of promoting an understanding of the invention and that they are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The cooling working medium adopts carbon dioxide CO 2 The initial state is as follows: the pressure is 20 MPa; the temperature was 25 ℃.
The ejector design injection ratio (the mass flow of the low-pressure injection fluid divided by the mass flow of the high-pressure working fluid) is 0.2.
The volume of the tank was 200 liters and the discharge flow was 1.0 kg/s.
The temperature of the cooling working medium after absorbing heat on the wall surface of the combustion chamber is 500 ℃.
Theoretical analysis calculation can obtain that the mass flow of the carbon dioxide in the wall surface of the combustion chamber is 1.2kg/s, the heat absorption capacity is 1.35MW, and the CO in the heat exchange unit 2 In storageHeat release in the tank is 200kW, CO in the storage tank 2 The pressure after heat absorption is increased, compared with the conventional technology without the heat absorption, the CO in the storage tank is increased 2 Temperature and pressure at different times as shown in fig. 3, it can be seen that the present disclosure can significantly increase the discharge time of the tank (from 20s to 100s) under the same conditions with the goal of increasing the heat absorption of the cooling system.
Claims (8)
1. A solid ramjet wall cooling system that contains ejector, its characterized in that includes:
the heat exchange unit is arranged in the cooling working medium storage tank;
the working flow inlet of the ejector is connected with the cooling working medium storage tank, the ejection flow inlet of the ejector is connected with the outlet of the heat exchange unit, and the outlet of the ejector is connected with the inlet of the cooling channel of the combustion chamber of the solid ramjet engine through a pipeline and is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange unit through a corresponding three-way valve; and
the combustion chamber cooling channels are arranged on a wall surface shell of the combustion chamber, the inlet of each combustion chamber cooling channel is connected with the outlet of the ejector, and the outlet of each combustion chamber cooling channel is connected with the spray pipe and is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange unit through the three-way valve; the solid ramjet engine comprises a solid ramjet engine, a cooling working medium storage tank, a jet pipe, a heat exchange unit, a cooling working medium storage tank, a pipeline between the cooling working medium storage tank and the jet pipe, and is characterized in that a first valve is arranged on the pipeline between the cooling working medium storage tank and the jet pipe, a second valve is arranged on the pipeline between the three-way valve and the heat exchange unit, a third valve is arranged on the pipeline between the three-way valve and the jet pipe, and a second temperature sensor is arranged in a combustion chamber of the solid ramjet engine.
2. The solid ramjet wall cooling system of claim 1, wherein the combustion chamber cooling channels are evenly distributed along a wall casing of the combustion chamber.
3. The solid ramjet wall cooling system of claim 1, wherein a high pressure cooling medium is stored in the cooling medium reservoir.
4. The solid ramjet wall cooling system of claim 3, wherein said cooling working medium carbon dioxide.
5. The solid ramjet wall cooling system of claim 1, wherein the cross-section of the engine combustion chamber cooling channel is rectangular, and the cooling medium enters from the rear of the combustion chamber and exits from the front of the combustion chamber in the combustion chamber cooling channel.
6. The solid ramjet wall cooling system of claim 1, wherein said heat exchanging unit is placed in the cooling medium storage tank in the form of a spiral pipe.
7. A method for cooling the wall surface of a solid ramjet engine with an ejector is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) constructing a cooling system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 in a solid ramjet engine system;
(2) when the solid ramjet is started, closing the first valve, the second valve and the third valve;
(3) when the measured temperature of the second temperature sensor is higher than the set temperature, simultaneously opening the first valve, the second valve and the third valve;
(4) when the cooling system works, the pressure and the temperature of the cooling working medium storage tank are measured, the wall surface temperature of the combustion chamber is measured and used as control input signals of the first valve, the second valve and the third valve, and the opening degree of the valve is adjusted.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the control valve opening is performed by the following steps:
when the wall surface temperature of the combustion chamber is higher than the set value of the wall surface temperature of the combustion chamber, the opening degree of the first valve is increased;
when the wall surface temperature of the combustion chamber is lower than the set value of the wall surface temperature of the combustion chamber, reducing the opening degree of the first valve;
when the pressure of the cooling working medium storage tank is lower than the set value of the pressure of the cooling working medium storage tank, increasing the opening degree of the second valve and reducing the opening degree of the third valve;
and when the pressure of the cooling working medium storage tank is higher than the set value of the pressure of the cooling working medium storage tank, increasing the opening degree of the third valve and reducing the opening degree of the second valve.
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| CN202111031737.6A CN113864062B (en) | 2021-09-03 | 2021-09-03 | Solid ramjet wall surface cooling system and method with ejector |
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| CN202111031737.6A CN113864062B (en) | 2021-09-03 | 2021-09-03 | Solid ramjet wall surface cooling system and method with ejector |
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104329655A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-02-04 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Fuel gas generator used for providing injection working medium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP1825116A2 (en) * | 2004-12-01 | 2007-08-29 | United Technologies Corporation | Ejector cooling of outer case for tip turbine engine |
| FR2905984B1 (en) * | 2006-09-20 | 2011-12-30 | Turbomeca | GAS TURBINE HELICOPTER ENGINE WITH REDUCED SOUND TRANSMISSION BY ACOUSTIC TREATMENT OF EJECTOR |
| CN102829002B (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2014-12-31 | 中国航天科技集团公司第四研究院四0一所 | Small-size annular nozzle ejector with exchangeable throat part |
| CN107466196A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2017-12-12 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of airborne spray cooling system that subnormal ambient is created using injector |
| CN112031938B (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2021-06-29 | 清华大学 | System for injecting air in external culvert to reduce air-film cold air temperature of aero-engine |
| CN112431675B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-08-02 | 西北工业大学 | Combined scramjet engine cooling circulation system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104329655A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-02-04 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Fuel gas generator used for providing injection working medium |
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