CN113863965B - Tunnel waterproof layer construction method - Google Patents
Tunnel waterproof layer construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113863965B CN113863965B CN202111314879.3A CN202111314879A CN113863965B CN 113863965 B CN113863965 B CN 113863965B CN 202111314879 A CN202111314879 A CN 202111314879A CN 113863965 B CN113863965 B CN 113863965B
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- gasket
- waterproof layer
- construction method
- buckle plate
- tunnel
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
- E21D11/381—Setting apparatus or devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a tunnel waterproof layer construction method, which sequentially comprises the following steps: in the waterproof layer construction engineering, a plurality of intersection connection joints on a flexible net are arranged according to the technical requirement of the size of a paving joint, the flexible net is installed on a primary support of a tunnel, each intersection connection joint is connected with a connecting piece, a layer of concrete is sprayed on the flexible net, after the flexible net and the connecting pieces are fixed through sprayed concrete, a waterproof plate paving and hanging point embedded in the primary support is formed, the connecting pieces are connected with the gaskets based on one exposed end of the sprayed concrete layer, so that the problem that the connection of an existing hot-melt gasket and the primary support is unstable is solved, the situation that the gasket is loose or falls off is avoided, and the effect of increasing the concrete stressed structure of the primary support is achieved when the situation that the waterproof plate is not firmly installed is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a tunnel waterproof layer construction method.
Background
The arrangement and the function of a waterproof layer are important in tunnel engineering construction, and the current arrangement mode of the waterproof layer generally adopts a waterproof structure formed by paving waterproof plates and non-woven fabrics (geotextiles) between primary supports and secondary linings at arch parts and side wall parts of a tunnel for waterproofing. The concrete construction sequence is as follows: when the construction of the non-woven fabric is carried out, the non-woven fabric is generally fixed on the surface of the primary support spray concrete by adopting blind rivet rings, a plurality of fixing points are arranged on the non-woven fabric, the blind rivet rings on each fixing point are arranged in a quincuncial shape, the distance between the fixing points at the arch part of the tunnel is 0.5-0.8 m, the distance between the fixing points at the side wall is 0.8-1.0 m, and the fixing points are fixed in a line from left to right. The non-woven fabric is closely attached to the surface of the sprayed concrete after being installed, and the non-woven fabric is smooth, free of hump and fold for paving, and the overlapping width of the non-woven fabric along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel is not less than 50mm. After the construction of the non-woven fabric is completed, the construction of the waterproof board is carried out, and the waterproof board is paved after the primary support is basically stable and qualified. When the waterproof board is arranged in the arch wall range, the waterproof board should be paved to a short side wall; the waterproof board is separated from the non-woven fabric, and is welded on the special hot melting pad fixed on the non-woven fabric, so that the waterproof board is required to be firm and reliable during welding, and the waterproof board is prevented from falling off during pouring and vibrating concrete. The fixing of the waterproof board should be carefully determined, a certain margin is reserved, the waterproof board should not be too tight or have large bulges, the laid waterproof board should be consistent with the concave-convex fluctuation of the base surface, and the waterproof board is kept natural, flat and clung, so that the size of the secondary lining poured concrete is not influenced or the waterproof board is separated from the round gasket.
Therefore, in the current waterproof layer construction process, the welding effect of the waterproof plate on the special hot-melt gasket is required to be ensured so as to ensure the consistency between the waterproof plate and the non-woven fabric, so that the installation and fixing effect on the non-woven fabric on the hot-melt gasket is also important, and the absolute firmness of the waterproof plate is required to be ensured. The method for installing the hot-melt gasket is a nail-shooting installation method, and mainly comprises the step of shooting nails into the tunnel primary support shotcrete at high speed and high force through special equipment such as a nail-shooting gun, wherein the nails penetrate through the hot-melt gasket, so that the hot-melt gasket is fixed on the tunnel primary support shotcrete.
In site construction, the waterproof board is not firmly fallen off in the later construction process of the tunnel and the shooting nails are loosened and fall off from the concrete due to various reasons such as uneven surface of the primary support sprayed concrete of the tunnel, improper operation of the shooting nails and the like, so that the problem of the overall quality safety of the later integral waterproof layer paving construction and lining construction can be ensured only by firmly fixing the welding washers on the surface of the primary support concrete on the existing construction site. Meanwhile, a point needs to be emphasized, the nail gun itself belongs to a special tool, a bullet special for the nail gun is adopted in many cases, and the construction operation has extremely high safety risks.
In recent years, a plurality of new waterproof board fixing technologies are developed in the industry, wherein the novel waterproof board fixing technology comprises the steps of replacing a traditional hot-melt gasket with a gasket made of a composite new material, or replacing hot-melt welding with an ultrasonic welding machine, an electromagnetic welding machine and the like, but the improvement modes are all modes of changing the fixing modes between the waterproof board and the gasket, and not changing the fixing modes of the gasket and tunnel primary support shotcrete, so that the problems that the waterproof board is loose and falls off from the concrete and is unstable in installation cannot be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a tunnel waterproof layer construction method for improving gasket installation firmness.
In order to achieve the main purpose, the tunnel waterproof layer construction method provided by the invention sequentially comprises the following steps:
installing a gasket installing assembly:
the gasket installation assembly comprises a flexible net and a plurality of connecting pieces, wherein the flexible net is arranged on the tunnel primary support, a plurality of junction connecting joints are formed on the flexible net, each junction connecting joint is respectively connected with one connecting piece, and the connecting pieces are used for connecting gaskets;
and (3) concrete re-spraying:
spraying concrete on the flexible net to form a re-spraying concrete layer, wherein the connecting piece penetrates through the re-spraying concrete layer;
the geotechnical cloth installation step:
Arranging geotextile on the re-spraying concrete layer, wherein the connecting piece penetrates through the geotextile;
And a gasket installing step:
One end of the connecting piece penetrating through the geotechnical cloth is connected with the gasket;
The waterproof board installation step:
a waterproof plate is arranged on the gasket.
According to the scheme, in waterproof layer construction engineering, a plurality of junction joints on the flexible net are arranged according to the technical requirement of the size of the paving and hanging node, the flexible net is installed on the primary support of a tunnel, each junction joint is connected with a connecting piece, a layer of concrete is sprayed on the flexible net, after the flexible net and the connecting pieces are fixed through sprayed concrete, a waterproof board paving and hanging point embedded in the primary support is formed, one exposed end of the connecting piece is connected with a gasket based on the sprayed concrete layer, and therefore the problem that the connection between an existing hot-melt gasket and the primary support is unstable is solved, the situation that the gasket is loose or falls off is avoided, and the effect of increasing the stress structure of the primary support concrete is achieved when the situation that the waterproof board is not firmly installed is avoided.
The further scheme is that the connecting piece is a screw rod, the first axial end of the screw rod is connected with the junction joint, and the second axial end of the screw rod is in threaded connection with the gasket.
It is seen that the screw rod and the gasket are in threaded connection, so that the screw rod and the gasket are connected firmly, and meanwhile, the quick connection between the screw rod and the gasket is realized, and the working efficiency is effectively improved.
The further scheme is that a protective film is arranged at the second axial end of the screw rod, and when the gasket installation step is carried out, the protective film is removed firstly, and then the gasket installation step is carried out.
Therefore, when the concrete re-spraying step is carried out, the protecting film protects one end of the connecting piece connecting gasket, concrete is prevented from adhering to one end of the connecting piece connecting gasket, and after the concrete re-spraying is finished, the protecting film is removed so as to facilitate connection between the connecting piece and the gasket.
Further scheme is, is provided with annular curb plate and spliced pole on the lateral wall of gasket orientation screw rod, and annular curb plate sets up along the circumference of gasket, and the spliced pole is located annular curb plate, is provided with the recess on the spliced pole, is provided with the screw thread in the recess, and the screw thread is connected with the screw rod cooperation.
It can be seen that the spliced pole setting is in annular curb plate, will be used for hiding with the spliced pole that the screw rod is connected to the spliced pole setting is in the center department of gasket, guarantees the balance and the steadiness of gasket installation.
Further, the thickness of the re-spraying concrete layer is not more than 4cm.
It can be seen that the double sprayed concrete layer in this range avoids that the connection is completely covered or wrapped by excessive thickness.
Further, the gasket mounting assembly comprises a plurality of fixing fasteners, and one fixing fastener is respectively connected with one junction joint and one connecting piece.
Therefore, the fixing fastener is used for more firmly installing the connecting piece on the intersection connecting joint, so that the situation that the position of the gasket is installed incorrectly due to the fact that the connecting piece is shifted relative to the intersection connecting joint is avoided.
The further scheme is that the fixing fastener comprises a first buckle plate and a second buckle plate, the junction connecting joint is clamped between the first buckle plate and the second buckle plate, and the first buckle plate is connected with the second buckle plate.
Therefore, as the fixing fastener is connected with the connecting piece, the first buckle plate is connected with the second buckle plate to clamp the junction joint, and the condition that the fixing fastener is deviated relative to the junction joint is avoided, so that the gasket can be strictly distributed according to the requirement of the hanging point of the waterproof plate.
The further scheme is that at least four connecting strips are radially arranged on the intersection connecting joint, at least four connecting blocks are arranged on the first buckle plate, one connecting block is correspondingly arranged between every two adjacent connecting strips, and at least four connecting blocks are respectively connected with the second buckle plate.
Therefore, based on the intersection joint, at least four connecting bars radially extend from the intersection joint, the first buckle plate and the second buckle plate are respectively positioned on the front surface and the back surface of the intersection joint, each connecting block of the at least four connecting blocks of the first buckle plate is respectively positioned between every two adjacent connecting bars, each connecting block is connected with the second buckle plate, and the connection stability between the connecting piece and the intersection joint is further ensured through the limiting effect of each connecting block, so that the connecting piece is prevented from deviating relative to the intersection joint.
Further scheme is, be provided with two first connecting blocks and two second connecting blocks on the first buckle, two first connecting blocks set up relatively, and two second connecting blocks set up relatively, and a second connecting block sets up between two first connecting blocks, and first connecting block is fan-like with the second connecting block respectively, and the area of second connecting block is greater than the area of first connecting block.
Therefore, the area of the second connecting block is larger than that of the first connecting block, and when the first connecting block is connected with the third connecting block, interference between the first connecting block and the third connecting block is avoided, and the installation efficiency is improved.
The first buckle plate is provided with a through hole, and the through hole and the junction joint are arranged oppositely.
One end of the connecting piece penetrates through the through hole and then is welded with the intersection connecting joint, and the through hole can be arranged to guide and limit with the installation of the connecting piece.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of a gasket installation assembly in an embodiment of a method for constructing a waterproof layer of a tunnel according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of components on a junction joint in an embodiment of the method for constructing a waterproof layer of a tunnel according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of a junction joint and a first buckle plate in an embodiment of the tunnel waterproof layer construction method of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing connection between two second connection blocks in the first buckle plate and the second buckle plate in the embodiment of the tunnel waterproof layer construction method of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing connection between two first connection blocks in the first buckle plate and the second buckle plate in the embodiment of the tunnel waterproof layer construction method of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a gasket installation step in an embodiment of the tunnel waterproof layer construction method of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a concrete re-spraying step in an embodiment of the tunnel waterproof layer construction method of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a geotextile installation step in an embodiment of the tunnel waterproof layer construction method of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a gasket installation step in an embodiment of the tunnel waterproof layer construction method of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view showing a step of installing a waterproof board in an embodiment of the method for constructing a waterproof layer of a tunnel of the present invention.
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Detailed Description
The tunnel waterproof layer construction method is applied to the installation process of the waterproof layer in the tunnel, the flexible net is installed on the primary support, the connecting piece is connected at each intersection connecting joint of the flexible net, then one layer of concrete is sprayed again, one end of the connecting piece sequentially penetrates through the re-sprayed concrete layer and geotextile and then is connected with the gasket, and finally the waterproof plate is arranged on the gasket.
In the tunnel waterproof layer construction method, the gasket is installed on the initial support through the gasket installation assembly. Referring to fig. 1, the gasket mounting assembly 1 includes a flexible net 2, a plurality of fixing fasteners 3 and a plurality of connecting members 4, a plurality of junction connection joints 21 are formed on the flexible net 2, one fixing fastener 3 is correspondingly fixed on one junction connection joint 21, one connecting member 4 is correspondingly connected on one fixing fastener 3, and one connecting member 4 is correspondingly used for connecting a hot-melt gasket.
In the embodiment, the flexible net 2 is a diamond-shaped wire net, the nodes of the diamond-shaped wire net are arranged according to the technical requirement of the size of the waterproof board paving node, and in the embodiment, the distance between every two adjacent intersection connection nodes 21 is 30 mm-8 cm along the circumferential direction of the tunnel; the distance between every two adjacent junction joints 21 is 30 mm-8 cm along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.
A fixing fastener 3 is arranged on one intersection joint 21, and the fixing fastener 3 is used as a connecting intermediate piece between the flexible net 2 and the connecting piece 4, so that the connection stability between the intersection joint 21 and the connecting piece 4 is improved. Referring to fig. 2 and 4, the fixing fastener 3 includes a first buckle plate 31 and a second buckle plate 32, the junction joint 21 is clamped between the first buckle plate 31 and the second buckle plate 32, the first buckle plate 31 is connected with the second buckle plate 32, and the connection mode of the first buckle plate 31 and the second buckle plate 32 can be welding. Because the fixed fastener 3 is connected with the connecting piece 4, the first buckle plate 31 is tightly clamped with the junction joint 21 when being connected with the second buckle plate 32, the condition that the fixed fastener 3 is deviated relative to the junction joint 21 is avoided, and the gasket can be strictly distributed according to the requirement of the hanging point of the waterproof plate.
In order to further improve the stability of the fixing fastener 3 to the fixing of the junction joint 21, the arrangement structure of the fixing fastener 3 is adapted to the structure of the junction joint 21. Referring to fig. 2 and 3, four wire connecting strips 22 are radially provided on one junction joint 21 by bending and cross-connecting two wires. Four connecting blocks 33 are arranged on the first buckle plate 31, one connecting block 33 is correspondingly arranged between every two adjacent two iron wire connecting strips 22, and the four connecting blocks 33 are respectively connected with the second buckle plate 32. In the present embodiment, the four connection blocks 33 include two first connection blocks 331 and two second connection blocks 332, respectively, the two first connection blocks 331 are disposed opposite to each other, and the two second connection blocks 332 are disposed opposite to each other such that one second connection block 332 is disposed between the two first connection blocks 331. In this embodiment, the connection portion of the first buckle plate 31 between the first connection block 331 and the second connection block 332 is arc-shaped, and the arc-shaped connection portion matches with the iron wire shape, so that the connection between the first buckle plate 31 and the flexible net 2 is tight.
The first connecting block 331 and the second connecting block 332 are fan-like respectively, the side wall of the first connecting block 331 and the second connecting block 332, which are close to the iron wires, are parallel to the extending direction of the iron wires respectively, and arc edges are arranged on the first connecting block 331 and the second connecting block 332 along the direction away from the intersection connecting joint 21 in a protruding mode respectively, so that the area of the first connecting block 331 and the area of the second connecting block 332 are increased, and the area of the first buckle plate 31 and the area of the second buckle plate 32, which can be connected, are increased. After the first buckle plate 31 and the second buckle plate 32 are connected, the connection stability between the connecting piece 4 and the intersection connecting joint 21 is further guaranteed through the limiting function of each connecting block 33, the connecting piece 4 is prevented from deviating relative to the intersection connecting joint 21, and the effect of welding between the first buckle plate 31 and the second buckle plate 32 is better achieved. In the present embodiment, the area of the second connecting block 332 is larger than that of the first connecting block 331, so that interference between the second connecting block and the first connecting block is avoided during welding, and the installation efficiency is improved.
The second buckle plate 32 is rectangular, and four corners of the second buckle plate 32 corresponding to the four iron wire connecting strips 22 are straight chamfers. In the connection of the first buckle plate 31 and the second buckle plate 32, referring to fig. 4, the two second connecting blocks 332 are folded first and welded on the side wall of the second buckle plate 32 away from the junction joint 21; referring to fig. 5, the two first connecting blocks 331 are folded again and welded to the side wall of the second gusset 32 facing away from the junction joint 21.
The first buckle plate 31 is provided with a through hole 34, the through hole 34 corresponds to the bent cross connection point of the two iron wires at the junction joint 21, when the fixing fastener 3 is connected with the connecting piece 4, one end of the connecting piece 4 penetrates through the through hole 34 and is respectively connected with the two iron wires, so that the installation stability of the connecting piece 4 on the fixing fastener 3 is ensured.
In this embodiment, the connecting member 4 is a screw 4, a first axial end of the screw 4 is connected to the fixing fastener 3, and a second axial end of the screw 4 is connected to the spacer. Referring to fig. 8, the spacer 5 is provided with an annular side plate 51 and a connecting post 52 on the side wall facing the screw 4, the annular side plate 51 is arranged along the circumferential direction of the spacer 5, the connecting post 52 is located in the annular side plate 51, a groove 521 is provided on the connecting post 52, and a thread is provided in the groove 521 and is in fit connection with the screw 4. The screw 4 is in threaded connection with the gasket 5, so that the screw 4 and the gasket 5 are connected firmly, and meanwhile, the screw 4 and the gasket 5 are connected quickly, and the working efficiency is effectively improved; the connecting column 52 is arranged in the annular side plate 51, the connecting column 52 for being connected with the screw 4 is hidden, and the connecting column 52 is arranged at the center of the gasket 5, so that the balance and the stability of the gasket installation are ensured.
Referring to fig. 6, the construction method of the tunnel waterproof layer of the present invention is based on the construction sequence of the tunnel primary support after the completion of the tunnel primary support: a primary steel arch 61 is provided after the primary concrete is sprayed on the tunnel surrounding rock 6. The construction of the waterproof layer is carried out on the primary support steel arch frame.
The tunnel waterproof layer construction method comprises the following steps of installing a gasket installation assembly, spraying concrete, installing geotechnical cloth, installing the gasket and installing a waterproof board in sequence:
The gasket installation assembly comprises the following installation steps:
referring to fig. 6, the flexible net 2 in the pad installation assembly 1 is mounted on the primary support of the tunnel in a spreading manner, and the contact points of the flexible net 2 and the steel arch 61, the connecting ribs and the like of the primary support are welded by spot welding, so that the flexible net 2 is firmly spread on the primary support in a circumferential direction.
Because the flexible net 2 is provided with the plurality of intersection connection joints 21, each intersection connection joint 21 is respectively connected with one fixed fastener 3, each fixed fastener 3 is connected with one screw 4, at the moment, the second axial end of the screw 4 for connecting the gasket 5 is wrapped with a protective film 41, the protective film 41 protects one end of the connecting piece 3 connected with the gasket, concrete is prevented from adhering to one end of the connecting piece 3 connected with the gasket, after the re-spraying of the concrete is completed, the protective film 41 is removed, and the connection between the connecting piece 3 and the gasket is conveniently carried out.
The concrete re-spraying step specifically comprises the following steps:
Referring to fig. 7, concrete is sprayed on the flexible net 2 to form a re-sprayed concrete layer 62 which entirely covers the flexible net 2, the fixing fastener 3 and the axial first end of the screw 4, and the axial second end of the screw 4 penetrates the re-sprayed concrete layer 62 so that the axial second end of the screw 4 protrudes based on the re-sprayed concrete layer 62.
Wherein the thickness of the re-sprayed concrete layer 62 is not more than 4cm, and the re-sprayed concrete layer 62 within this range prevents the screw 4 from being completely covered or wrapped due to excessive thickness, and the whole of the re-sprayed concrete layer 62 is smooth.
The geotechnical cloth installation steps specifically comprise:
When the whole construction of the primary support looping and the inverted arch section and the filling section of the tunnel is completed and the condition of constructing a waterproof layer is provided, a waterproof material construction rack can be utilized, the second axial end of the exposed screw 4 in the waterproof board laying and hanging area is manually checked, the protective film 41 on the end of the second axial end is removed, and the geotextile installation step is prepared.
Referring to fig. 8, geotextile 63 is laid on the re-spraying concrete layer 62, and as the geotextile 63 is gradually laid, a small opening can be cut by a knife at a position on the geotextile 63 corresponding to the second end of the screw 4, so that the second axial end of the screw 4 exposed on the re-spraying concrete layer 62 penetrates through the small opening, thereby facilitating the penetration of the second axial end of the screw 4 through the geotextile 63.
The gasket mounting step specifically comprises the following steps:
Referring to fig. 9, the gasket 5 may be installed gradually along with the laying of the geotechnical cloth 63, and after a small opening is manually cut on the geotechnical cloth 63, the axial second end of the screw 4 passes through the small opening and then is connected with the gasket 5, so that the hot-melt gasket 5 is rotated until the installation is firm.
The waterproof board is installed by the following steps:
referring to fig. 10, after the hot-melt spacer 5 is completely installed, the waterproof board 64 is laid and hung as it is possible to perform the construction according to the existing construction process, technical requirements, and the like.
After the waterproof board 64 with a certain length along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel is installed, when the waterproof board of the next version is installed, the laying position of the flexible net 2 of the next version can be carried out according to the exposed position of the axial second end of the screw 4 on the intersection connection joint 21 of the flexible net 2 of the previous version; along the loop of the tunnel, the intersection joint 21 on the flexible web 2 of the next version may be staggered with the intersection joint 21 on the flexible web 2 of the previous version.
After the waterproof layer is installed according to the waterproof layer installation method, a tunnel waterproof layer installation system is formed on the tunnel primary support, the system comprises the gasket installation assembly 1, geotextile 63 and waterproof plates 64, the connecting piece 4 penetrates through the geotextile 63, the geotextile 63 is located between the flexible net 2 and the gasket 5, and the waterproof plates 64 are arranged on the side walls, deviating from the geotextile 63, of the gasket 5.
The invention may also include a tunnel support system comprising a primary support system on which the flexible mesh 2 is disposed, a tunnel waterproof layer mounting system as described above, a re-sprayed concrete layer 62, and a secondary lining system positioned between the flexible mesh 2 and geotextile 63, the secondary lining system being positioned on the side wall of the waterproof panel 64 facing away from the pad.
According to the technical requirement of paving and hanging node size, set up a plurality of junction joint 21 on the flexible net 2, install the flexible net 2 on the primary support of tunnel, be connected with connecting piece 4 on every junction joint 21, spout one deck concrete again on the flexible net 2, connecting piece 4 is connected with gasket 5 based on the one end that the concrete layer 62 is exposed again, after fixed with flexible net 2 and connecting piece 4 through the shotcrete, form a waterproof board that pre-buried in the primary support promptly and spread the hanging point, solve current hot melt gasket and the fixed insecure problem of primary support connection, thereby avoid the loose or the condition that drops of gasket, and then avoid the insecure condition of waterproof board installation while, the concrete layer 62 of spouting again still plays the effect of increasing primary support concrete atress structure. Adopt flexible net 2, fixed fastener 3 and connecting piece 4's connected form in gasket installation component 1, effectively solve and spread the problem of hanging node interval standardization for holistic shop hangs construction operation convenient and fast. The screw 4 is in threaded connection with the gasket 5, so that the gasket 5 is simpler, quicker and firmer to install. By the construction method of the tunnel waterproof layer, the construction quality of the tunnel waterproof layer is greatly ensured, and further the comprehensive quality of tunnel lining construction is improved, and the field implementation effect is obvious.
Finally, it should be emphasized that the foregoing description is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention, and that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, and any such modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The tunnel waterproof layer construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the following steps are sequentially carried out:
installing a gasket installing assembly:
The gasket installation assembly comprises a flexible net and a plurality of connecting pieces, wherein the flexible net is arranged on a tunnel primary support, a plurality of intersection connecting joints are formed on the flexible net, each intersection connecting joint is respectively connected with one connecting piece, and the connecting pieces are used for connecting gaskets;
and (3) concrete re-spraying:
Spraying concrete on the flexible net to form a re-spraying concrete layer, wherein the connecting piece penetrates through the re-spraying concrete layer;
the geotechnical cloth installation step:
Arranging geotextile on the re-spraying concrete layer, wherein the connecting piece penetrates through the geotextile;
And a gasket installing step:
one end of the connecting piece penetrating through the geotextile is connected with the gasket;
The waterproof board installation step:
And installing a waterproof plate on the gasket.
2. The tunnel waterproof layer construction method according to claim 1, wherein:
The connecting piece is a screw rod, the first axial end of the screw rod is connected with the intersection connecting joint, and the second axial end of the screw rod is in threaded connection with the gasket.
3. The tunnel waterproof layer construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that:
and a protective film is arranged at the axial second end of the screw rod, and when the gasket installation step is carried out, the protective film is removed firstly, and then the gasket installation step is carried out.
4. The tunnel waterproof layer construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that:
The gasket orientation be provided with annular curb plate and spliced pole on the lateral wall of screw rod, annular curb plate is followed the circumference setting of gasket, the spliced pole is located in the annular curb plate, be provided with the recess on the spliced pole, be provided with the screw thread in the recess, the screw thread with the screw rod cooperation is connected.
5. The tunnel waterproof layer construction method according to claim 1, wherein:
the thickness of the re-spraying concrete layer is not more than 4 cm.
6. The tunnel waterproof layer construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that:
The gasket installation assembly comprises a plurality of fixing fasteners, and one fixing fastener is respectively connected with one intersection connecting joint and one connecting piece.
7. The tunnel waterproof layer construction method according to claim 6, wherein:
The fixed fastener comprises a first buckle plate and a second buckle plate, the intersection connecting joint is clamped between the first buckle plate and the second buckle plate, and the first buckle plate is connected with the second buckle plate.
8. The tunnel waterproof layer construction method according to claim 7, wherein:
At least four connecting strips are radially arranged on the intersection connecting joint, at least four connecting blocks are arranged on the first buckle plate, one connecting block is correspondingly arranged between every two adjacent connecting strips, and each connecting block is connected with the second buckle plate.
9. The tunnel waterproof layer construction method according to claim 8, wherein:
The first buckle plate is provided with two first connecting blocks and two second connecting blocks, the two first connecting blocks are oppositely arranged, the two second connecting blocks are oppositely arranged, one second connecting block is arranged between the two first connecting blocks, the first connecting blocks and the second connecting blocks are respectively fan-like, and the area of the second connecting blocks is larger than that of the first connecting blocks.
10. The tunnel waterproof layer construction method according to claim 7, wherein:
The first buckle plate is provided with a through hole, and the through hole is opposite to the intersection connecting joint.
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| CN216665640U (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-06-03 | 中铁十九局集团第六工程有限公司 | Gasket installation component, tunnel waterproof layer installation system and tunnel supporting system |
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| KR101200202B1 (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2012-11-09 | 주식회사동일기술공사 | Velcro fastener device fixing waterproof sheet to the tunnel shotcrete layer and method constructing the waterproof sheet on it |
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| CN113863965A (en) | 2021-12-31 |
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