CN113862075A - Method for increasing yield of tobacco seed oil - Google Patents
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- CN113862075A CN113862075A CN202110974195.XA CN202110974195A CN113862075A CN 113862075 A CN113862075 A CN 113862075A CN 202110974195 A CN202110974195 A CN 202110974195A CN 113862075 A CN113862075 A CN 113862075A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
- C11B1/04—Pretreatment of vegetable raw material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D91/00—Methods for harvesting agricultural products
- A01D91/04—Products growing above the soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
- C05D1/02—Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/10—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the yield of tobacco seed oil, which comprises the steps of S1, soil preparation and ridging; s2, transplanting; s3, fertilizing; s4, branch leaving; s5, harvesting tobacco seeds; s6, extracting the tobacco seed oil and the like. According to the invention, the field yield of the tobacco seeds and the oil content of the tobacco seeds are improved by reasonable planting density, fertilization level, tobacco plant branch number and other methods, and the oil yield of the tobacco seeds is improved by adopting an optimized tobacco seed oil extraction process, so that the cost of the tobacco seed oil is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco seed oil production and processing, in particular to a method for improving the yield of tobacco seed oil.
Background
The tobacco seed oil is oil extracted from tobacco seeds, has the content of unsaturated fatty acid reaching 90 percent, is equivalent to safflower seed oil and rapeseed oil, is higher than olive oil and grape seed oil, is expected to be applied to a plurality of industries such as food, health care, daily chemicals, biological medicine and the like, and has good development and application prospects. However, the oil yield of the flue-cured tobacco and the yellow daylily tobacco is low at present, tobacco seed production aims at providing tobacco leaf production, the main aim is to ensure the seed activity, and the seed yield is low (15 kg/mu). The reported oil content of the tobacco seed is about 40 percent, and if the tobacco seed oil is extracted with the yield, the cost of the tobacco seed oil is comparable to gold, and the function development, popularization and application of the tobacco seed oil are restricted.
In view of the above, there is a need to develop a method for increasing the yield of tobacco seed oil to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the yield of tobacco seed oil, which improves the field yield of tobacco seeds by reasonable planting density, fertilization level, tobacco plant branch number and other methods, and improves the oil yield of the tobacco seeds by adopting an optimized tobacco seed oil extraction process, thereby reducing the cost of the tobacco seed oil.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for increasing the yield of tobacco seed oil, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, land preparation and ridging: ridging the tobacco field and applying base fertilizer before transplanting the tobacco seedlings;
s2, transplanting: after base fertilizer is applied, selecting robust tobacco seedlings to be transplanted to a field, and setting corresponding planting density according to the tobacco seedlings of different varieties;
s3, fertilizing: after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, applying fertilizer to the root parts of the tobacco plants for multiple timesThe total fertilizing amount N to P of the base fertilizer applied by the S1 and the root fertilizer applied by the tobacco plants for multiple times2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 1: 2-3: 3.3-4.0;
s4, branch retention: after the tobacco plants grow branches, reserving different branch numbers according to different tobacco varieties;
s5, harvesting tobacco seeds: after capsules are produced in tobacco plants, when 80% of capsules reach the brown stage, all the tobacco capsules on the plants are collected, tobacco seeds are threshed after the capsules are dried for the first time, the threshed tobacco seeds are winnowed to obtain plump tobacco seeds, and the tobacco seeds are dried for the second time to enable the water content of the tobacco seeds to be lower than 7%;
s6, extracting tobacco seed oil: weighing the tobacco seeds obtained in the step S5, grinding the tobacco seeds to the granularity of less than 50 meshes, putting the ground tobacco seeds into a container containing an extracting agent, leaching for 4-10 hours at the temperature of 75-90 ℃, and separating to obtain the tobacco seed oil after leaching.
By adopting the method, different from the tobacco production aiming at obtaining tobacco, the vegetative growth is controlled in a reasonable range by proper close planting and branch leaving, the reproductive growth is promoted to the maximum extent, and the tobacco seed yield is improved; by applying base fertilizer during ridging, fertilizer is applied to the root part of a tobacco plant for multiple times after tobacco seedlings are transplanted, particularly after the tobacco seedlings enter reproductive growth, potash fertilizer is applied to the roots, and potash fertilizer, borax and rare earth nutrient solution are sprayed on leaf surfaces, so that seed setting is promoted, and the oil content is increased. By means of an optimized tobacco seed oil extraction process, the tobacco seed oil is extracted for 4-10 hours at the temperature of 75-90 ℃, and the tobacco seed oil with high yield is obtained after separation.
Preferably, the tobacco varieties are flue-cured tobacco and yellow daylily.
Preferably, in step S2, when the tobacco variety is flue-cured tobacco, the planting density is: the row spacing is 90-110 cm, and the plant spacing is 40-50 cm; when the tobacco variety is yellow daylily, the planting density is as follows: the row spacing is 60-100 cm, and the plant spacing is 40-50 cm.
By adopting the method, the tobacco plants are reasonably densely planted, the vegetative growth is controlled, the reproductive growth is promoted, and the yield of tobacco seeds is further improved.
Preferably, when the tobacco variety is flue-cured tobacco, the number of branches is 2-6 branches; and when the tobacco variety is yellow-flower tobacco, reserving all branches.
By adopting the method, reasonable branches are reserved for different tobacco varieties, so that the yield of tobacco seeds is improved.
Preferably, the base fertilizer in the step S1 is a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step S3, the fertilizer is applied to the root part of the tobacco plant for a plurality of times, and the fertilizer is applied on the 5 th, 15 th, 25 th, 30 th, 40 th, 50 th, 60 th, 75 th and 90 th days after the transplanting.
Preferably, at the 5 th day, applying compound fertilizer to the roots of the tobacco plants; at 15 days, applying potassium nitrate to the roots of the tobacco plants, and spraying borax and zinc sulfate to the leaf surfaces of the tobacco plants; applying a compound fertilizer to the roots of the tobacco plants in 25 days; applying a compound fertilizer to the roots of the tobacco plants and spraying zinc sulfate to the leaf surfaces of the tobacco plants at 30 days; at 40 days, applying compound fertilizer and potassium sulfate to the roots of the tobacco plants, and spraying borax and zinc sulfate to the leaf surfaces of the tobacco plants; applying compound fertilizer and potassium sulfate to the roots of the tobacco plants and spraying borax and zinc sulfate to the leaf surfaces of the tobacco plants at 50 days; at 60 days, applying potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate to the roots of the tobacco plants, and spraying monopotassium phosphate, borax and rare earth nutrient solution to the leaf surfaces of the tobacco plants; at 75 days, applying compound fertilizer and potassium sulfate to the roots of the tobacco plants, and spraying monopotassium phosphate to the leaf surfaces of the tobacco plants; and applying a compound fertilizer to the roots of the tobacco plants at 90 days.
Preferably, 2.1-2.5 kg of monopotassium phosphate, 1.8-2.2 kg of borax, 1.8-2.2 kg of zinc sulfate and 250-350 ml of rare earth nutrient solution are sprayed on leaf surfaces of tobacco plants per mu.
By adopting the method, the nutrient elements are reasonably distributed in the vegetative growth period and the reproductive growth period, and the potash fertilizer, the boric acid and the rare earth nutrient solution are additionally applied in the reproductive growth period, so that the seed setting is promoted, and the oil content of the seeds is increased.
Preferably, the extracting agent in the step S6 is n-hexane, and the feed-liquid ratio of the tobacco seeds to the n-hexane is 1: 10-25.
By adopting the method, the oil yield of the tobacco seeds is obviously improved.
Preferably, the said bifurcation is a branch with multiple leaves.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
according to the invention, the field yield of the tobacco seeds and the oil content of the tobacco seeds are improved by reasonable planting density, fertilization level, tobacco plant branch number and other methods, and the oil yield of the tobacco seeds is improved by adopting an optimized tobacco seed oil extraction process, so that the cost of the tobacco seed oil is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of temperature on the extraction rate of tobacco seed oil according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of feed liquid ratio on the extraction rate of tobacco seed oil according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the effect of extraction time on tobacco seed oil extraction efficiency according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1:
in the embodiment, NC89 and a large vertical stem in a flue-cured tobacco variety and Rustica in a yellow-yellow tobacco variety are selected, and the method for improving the yield of the tobacco seed oil is carried out according to the following steps.
S1, transplanting NC89, large vertical stem straight stems and 9 ridges of Rustica tobacco seedlings for 1.22 mu respectively, and applying bottom fertilizer calcium, magnesium and phosphorus when ridging the tobacco field;
s2, transplanting: after base fertilizer is applied, healthy tobacco seedlings are selected and transplanted to a field, NC89 in flue-cured tobacco and large vertical stems are vertically arranged with 3 planting densities, the row spacing is D1:110 × 50cm (1212 plants/mu), D2:100 × 45cm (1482 plants/mu), D3:90 × 40cm (1852 plants/mu); 3 planting densities are set under the Rustica in the yellow tobacco variety: d4: 100X 50cm (1334 strains/mu), D5: 80X 45cm (1852 strains/mu), D6: 60X 40cm (2779 strains/mu);
s3, fertilizing: after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, applying fertilizers to the root parts of the tobacco plants for multiple times, wherein the fertilization time for each time is as follows: fertilizing at 5 days, 15 days, 25 days, 30 days, 40 days, 50 days, 60 days, 75 days and 90 days after transplanting; applying a compound fertilizer to the roots of the tobacco plants on the 5 th day; at 15 days, applying potassium nitrate to the roots of the tobacco plants, and spraying borax and zinc sulfate to the leaf surfaces of the tobacco plants; applying a compound fertilizer to the roots of the tobacco plants in 25 days; applying a compound fertilizer to the roots of the tobacco plants and spraying zinc sulfate to the leaf surfaces of the tobacco plants at 30 days; at 40 days, applying compound fertilizer and potassium sulfate to the roots of the tobacco plants, and spraying borax and zinc sulfate to the leaf surfaces of the tobacco plants; applying compound fertilizer and potassium sulfate to the roots of the tobacco plants and spraying borax and zinc sulfate to the leaf surfaces of the tobacco plants at 50 days; at 60 days, applying potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate to the roots of the tobacco plants, and spraying monopotassium phosphate, borax and rare earth nutrient solution to the leaf surfaces of the tobacco plants; at 75 days, applying compound fertilizer and potassium sulfate to the roots of the tobacco plants, and spraying monopotassium phosphate to the leaf surfaces of the tobacco plants; and applying a compound fertilizer to the roots of the tobacco plants at 90 days. The total amount of the monopotassium phosphate sprayed on the leaf surfaces of each mu of tobacco plants is 2.4kg, the total amount of the borax is 2kg, the total amount of the zinc sulfate is 2kg, and the total amount of the rare earth nutrient solution is 300 ml. The specific fertilizing amount is shown in the following tables 1, 2, 3 and 4:
table 1: fertilizer application meter
Table 2: fertilization time plan of 6kg for N1
Table 3: fertilization time plan of 9kg for N1
Table 4: fertilization time plan of 12kg N1
The comparison of yield traits for different fertilization levels and plant densities is shown in tables 5, 6 and 7. Research results show that the flue-cured tobacco variety NC89 and the large vertical stem are applied with pure nitrogen with the quantity of 12kg per mu, and the tobacco seed yield is highest when the row spacing is 90 multiplied by 40cm (1852 plants/mu); the yield of tobacco seeds is the highest when the yellow tobacco Rustica applies pure nitrogen with the quantity of 12kg per mu and the row spacing is 60 multiplied by 40cm (2779 strains per mu).
TABLE 5 yield traits of NC89 at different fertilization levels and planting densities
TABLE 6 Large vertical stalk yield traits at different fertilization levels and planting densities
TABLE 7 Rustica yield traits at different fertilization levels and plant densities
S4, branch retention: after the tobacco plants grow into branches, the NC89 respectively reserves 0 branch, 2 branch, 4 branch and the large vertical handle respectively reserves 0 branch, 2 branch, 4 branch and 6 branch, and the Rustica reserves all the branches. The results of the NC89 and the large vertical stem straight bundle remaining number of twigs, i.e. the tobacco seed yield, are shown in Table 8, and show that the tobacco seed yield is highest when NC89 leaves 4 twigs, and the tobacco seed yield is highest when the large vertical stem straight bundle leaves 6 twigs.
TABLE 8 tobacco seed yields at different numbers of branches left
S5, harvesting tobacco seeds: after capsules are produced in tobacco plants, all the tobacco capsules on the plants are collected when 80% of the capsules reach the brown stage, tobacco seeds are threshed after the capsules are dried for the first time, the threshed tobacco seeds are winnowed to obtain plump tobacco seeds, and the tobacco seeds are dried for the second time to enable the water content of the tobacco seeds to be lower than 7%.
Example 2:
the tobacco seed oil of the Rustica tobacco seeds, NC89 tobacco seeds and big vertical stem tobacco seeds is extracted.
After the tobacco seeds obtained in example 1 are ground, a certain amount of ground samples are accurately weighed, and the extraction of the tobacco seed oil is optimized by using three solvents of normal hexane, petroleum ether and 95% ethanol as solvents and using different temperature gradients, different feed liquid ratios and different extraction times. The tobacco seed oil extraction rate calculation formula is as follows:
X＝(m1-m0)/m2×100％……………………………………(1)
wherein X is the extraction rate; m1 is the content of the receiving bottle and oil after constant weight, and the unit is gram (g); m 0-receiving bottle mass in grams (g); m2 is the mass of the sample in grams (g).
Respectively carrying out an influence test of the particle size of the tobacco seeds, the organic solvent, the extraction temperature, the material-liquid ratio and the extraction time on the extraction rate of the tobacco seed oil:
(1) the influence of the particle size on the extraction rate of the tobacco seed oil is tested:
because the tobacco seed sample can pass through a 30-mesh sieve on the premise of no grinding, the tobacco seeds which are ground and pass through a 50-mesh sieve and the unground tobacco seeds with the same mass are weighed, extracted for 8 hours in the n-hexane solution at the temperature of 55 ℃, and the extraction rate of the tobacco seed oil is calculated according to the calculation formula (1). The results show that the tobacco seed oil extraction rate of the ground and 50 mesh sieve is 38.53 plus or minus 2.01 percent, while the extraction rate of the unground tobacco seed oil is 1.64 plus or minus 0.03 percent. The difference between the two is obvious, so the tobacco seeds which are ground and sieved by a 50-mesh sieve are selected for extraction test.
(2) Testing the influence of the organic solvent on the extraction rate of the tobacco seed oil:
the extraction time is 8h, and the extraction conditions of the three solvents are as follows: n-hexane at 85 deg.C and material-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 (g.mL)-1) (ii) a Petroleum ether at 50 deg.C and material-to-liquid ratio of 1:25 (g.mL)-1) (ii) a 95% ethanol at 95 deg.C and material-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 (g.mL)-1) And extracting the tobacco seed oil, and calculating the extraction rate of the tobacco seed oil according to a calculation formula (1).The results show that the extraction rates of the petroleum ether, the normal hexane and the 95 percent ethanol tobacco seeds are 44.65 +/-0.77 percent, 45.81 +/-0.66 percent and 11.43 +/-2.32 percent respectively. The extraction effects of different solvents are as follows in sequence: n-hexane > petroleum ether > 95% ethanol. The extraction with 95% ethanol has the lowest extraction rate, and the oil turbidity is easily caused due to the high extraction temperature. Although the boiling range of petroleum ether is wide (30-60 ℃), low boiling point components of the solvent are easy to volatilize and lose in the heating reflux process, and the extraction effect is influenced. The n-hexane has moderate boiling point, and the extracted oil is clear and transparent, and the extraction rate is highest. Therefore, n-hexane is selected as a test solvent for further condition optimization in the test.
(3) Influence of temperature on the extraction rate of tobacco seed oil:
n-hexane is used as a solvent, and the material-liquid ratio is 1:20 (g.mL)-1) And extracting the tobacco seed oil at 75 ℃, 80 ℃, 85 ℃ and 90 ℃ respectively under the condition that the extraction time is 8h, and calculating the extraction rate of the tobacco seed oil according to the formula (1). As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, the extraction rates at the four temperatures were 41.77%, 44.09%, 45.81% and 45.87%, respectively. The n-hexane solvent rises with the temperature from 75 ℃, the extraction rate of the tobacco seed oil rises with the temperature rise between 75 ℃ and 85 ℃, and the extraction rate does not change basically when the temperature reaches 85 ℃. Therefore, 85 ℃ is selected as the extraction temperature of the tobacco seeds. The grease extracted at the temperature is clear and bright, and is beneficial to subsequent research.
(4) Influence of feed liquid ratio on tobacco seed oil extraction rate:
extracting with n-hexane at 85 deg.C for 8 hr at a ratio of 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, and 1:25 (g.mL)-1) Extracting the tobacco seed oil according to the feed-liquid ratio, and calculating the extraction rate of the tobacco seed oil according to a formula (1). As shown in FIG. 2, the extraction yields were 3.52%, 45.68%, 45.13%, 45.81% and 40.97%, respectively. The ratio of the materials to the liquid is 1:10 to 1:20 (g.mL)-1) When the extraction ratio is reduced, the extraction ratio has no obvious change trend along with the reduction of the feed-liquid ratio, but has fluctuation, wherein the feed-liquid ratio is 1:20 (g.mL)-1) The extraction effect of tobacco seed is best, so 1:20 (g.mL) is selected-1) The optimal feed-liquid ratio is obtained.
(5) Influence of extraction time on the extraction rate of tobacco seed oil:
using n-hexane as solvent, at 85 deg.C and material-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 (g.mL)-1) Extracting the tobacco seed oil for 4h, 6h, 8h and 10h respectively under the condition of (1), and calculating the extraction rate of the tobacco seed oil according to the formula (1). The results are shown in fig. 3, and the extraction rates at different extraction times are: 35.06%, 41.60%, 45.81%, 43.68%. Initially, the extraction rate increased with increasing extraction time. The extraction rate of tobacco seeds reaches a maximum at 8h, and then decreases with increasing time. Therefore, 8h was chosen as the extraction time.
Example 3 after transplanting tobacco seedlings, applying fertilizers to the root parts of the tobacco plants for three times, wherein the fertilization time for each time is as follows: the first fertilization is applied 7-10 days after transplanting, the second fertilization is applied 50-60 days after transplanting, and the third fertilization is applied 75-90 days after transplanting; the total fertilizing amount N of the applied base fertilizer and the fertilizer applied to the roots of the tobacco plants for three times is P2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 1: 2-3: 3.3-4.0; the first fertilization is to apply the compound fertilizer and the potassium nitrate to the root of the tobacco plant, the second fertilization is to apply the compound fertilizer, the potassium nitrate and the potassium sulfate to the root of the tobacco plant, and the third fertilization is to apply the compound fertilizer and the potassium sulfate to the root of the tobacco plant. When the fertilizer is applied for the second time, 2.1-2.5 kg of monopotassium phosphate, 1.8-2.2 kg of borax, 1.8-2.2 kg of zinc sulfate and 250-350 ml of rare earth nutrient solution are sprayed on the leaf surface of each mu of tobacco plants; the remaining steps were the same as in examples 1 and 2.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention by equivalent replacement or change according to the technical solution and the modified concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the yield of tobacco seed oil is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, land preparation and ridging: ridging the tobacco field and applying base fertilizer before transplanting the tobacco seedlings;
s2, transplanting: after base fertilizer is applied, selecting robust tobacco seedlings to be transplanted to a field, and setting corresponding planting density according to tobacco seedlings of different varieties;
s3, fertilizing: after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, fertilizer is applied to the root parts of the tobacco plants for multiple times, the total fertilizing amount N of the base fertilizer applied in S1 and the fertilizer applied to the root parts of the tobacco plants for multiple times is P2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 1: 2-3: 3.3-4.0;
s4, branch retention: after the tobacco plants grow branches, reserving different branch numbers according to different tobacco varieties;
s5, harvesting tobacco seeds: after capsules of tobacco plants are produced, when 80% of capsules reach the brown stage, collecting all tobacco capsules on the plants, carrying out tobacco seed threshing after the capsules are dried for the first time, winnowing the threshed tobacco seeds to obtain plump tobacco seeds, and drying the tobacco seeds for the second time to enable the water content of the tobacco seeds to be lower than 7%;
s6, extracting tobacco seed oil: weighing the tobacco seeds obtained in the step S5, grinding the tobacco seeds to the granularity of less than 50 meshes, putting the ground tobacco seeds into a container containing an extracting agent, leaching for 4-10 hours at the temperature of 75-90 ℃, and separating to obtain the tobacco seed oil after leaching.
2. The method for improving the yield of tobacco seed oil of claim 1, wherein the tobacco varieties are flue-cured tobacco and yellow daylily.
3. The method for improving the yield of tobacco seed oil according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, when the tobacco variety is flue-cured tobacco, the planting density is as follows: the row spacing is 90-110 cm, and the plant spacing is 40-50 cm; when the tobacco variety is yellow daylily, the planting density is as follows: the row spacing is 60-100 cm, and the plant spacing is 40-50 cm.
4. The method for improving the yield of the tobacco seed oil according to claim 2, wherein in the step S4, when the tobacco variety is flue-cured tobacco, the number of branches is 2-6 branches; when the tobacco variety is yellow-scented tobacco, all branches are reserved.
5. The method for improving the yield of the tobacco seed oil according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer in the step S1 is a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.
6. The method for increasing the yield of tobacco seed oil according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the fertilizer is applied to the root part of the tobacco plant for multiple times, and the fertilizer is applied for 5 days, 15 days, 25 days, 30 days, 40 days, 50 days, 60 days, 75 days and 90 days after transplanting.
7. The method for improving the yield of the tobacco seed oil as claimed in claim 6, wherein the root of the tobacco plant is applied with a compound fertilizer at the 5 th day; at 15 days, applying potassium nitrate to the roots of the tobacco plants, and spraying borax and zinc sulfate to the leaf surfaces of the tobacco plants; applying a compound fertilizer to the roots of the tobacco plants in 25 days; applying a compound fertilizer to the roots of the tobacco plants and spraying zinc sulfate to the leaf surfaces of the tobacco plants at 30 days; at 40 days, applying compound fertilizer and potassium sulfate to the roots of the tobacco plants, and spraying borax and zinc sulfate to the leaf surfaces of the tobacco plants; applying compound fertilizer and potassium sulfate to the roots of the tobacco plants and spraying borax and zinc sulfate to the leaf surfaces of the tobacco plants at 50 days; at 60 days, applying potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate to the roots of the tobacco plants, and spraying monopotassium phosphate, borax and rare earth nutrient solution to the leaf surfaces of the tobacco plants; at 75 days, applying compound fertilizer and potassium sulfate to the roots of the tobacco plants, and spraying monopotassium phosphate to the leaf surfaces of the tobacco plants; and applying a compound fertilizer to the roots of the tobacco plants at 90 days.
8. The method for improving the yield of the tobacco seed oil as claimed in claim 7, wherein the total amount of the monopotassium phosphate sprayed on the leaf surfaces of each mu of tobacco plants is 2.1-2.5 kg, the total amount of the borax is 1.8-2.2 kg, the total amount of the zinc sulfate is 1.8-2.2 kg, and the total amount of the rare earth nutrient solution is 250-350 ml.
9. The method for improving the yield of tobacco seed oil according to claim 1, wherein an extracting agent in the step S6 is n-hexane, and the feed-liquid ratio of the tobacco seeds to the n-hexane is 1: 10-25.
10. The method for increasing the yield of tobacco seed oil according to claim 4, wherein the branches are branches with a plurality of growing leaves.
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| CN114525167A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-24 | 玉溪中烟种子有限责任公司 | Preparation method of tobacco seed oil with anti-inflammatory active ingredient, anti-inflammatory activity evaluation method and application |
| CN114774195A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-07-22 | 玉溪中烟种子有限责任公司 | Preparation method of tobacco seed oil with whitening active ingredient, whitening activity evaluation method and application |
| CN114525167B (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-08-08 | 玉溪中烟种子有限责任公司 | Preparation method and application of smoke seed oil with anti-inflammatory active ingredient |
| CN114774195B (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-09-26 | 玉溪中烟种子有限责任公司 | Preparation method and application of tobacco seed oil with whitening active ingredient |
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