CN113861619A - Liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113861619A CN113861619A CN202110992197.1A CN202110992197A CN113861619A CN 113861619 A CN113861619 A CN 113861619A CN 202110992197 A CN202110992197 A CN 202110992197A CN 113861619 A CN113861619 A CN 113861619A
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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Abstract
The invention provides a liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material comprises low-modulus carbon fibers and a low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system, the weight content of the low-modulus carbon fibers is 56-68%, and the weight content of the low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system is 32-44%; the low modulus carbon fiber has a modulus of less than 240 GPa. The low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system comprises epoxy resin, a fatty ether bond toughening agent, a thermoplastic toughening agent flame retardant and a curing agent. The preparation method comprises the steps of adopting the ultrathin prepreg for laying and adopting a low-stress curing system for curing. The invention improves the anti-seepage performance of the composite material body, is suitable for preparing composite material members applied to liquid oxygen environments, and can be applied to the fields of composite material liquid oxygen storage tanks, composite material liquid oxygen shielding sleeves, composite material liquid oxygen pipelines and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly relates to a liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The carbon fiber composite material is used for replacing a metal material to prepare the low-temperature storage tank, and is one of effective ways for realizing weight reduction of the low-temperature storage tank. The composite material has strong designability, can be subjected to anisotropic optimization design according to the bearing requirements in different directions, has the specific strength and specific rigidity far higher than those of metal materials, has the specific strength 8.1 times that of 2219 aluminum alloy and 6.2 times that of 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy, and has remarkable advantages in material strength. Meanwhile, the composite material also has good fatigue resistance and vibration resistance, and the good forming manufacturability of the composite material enables the structure to be easily integrally formed, reduces the number of parts and connecting processes, can improve the comprehensive performance of products and shortens the period. According to NASA reports, the weight of the composite material storage box can be reduced by about 30%, and meanwhile, the comprehensive cost is reduced by 25%.
However, the use of carbon fiber composites for cryogenic tank manufacture also presents a significant risk of cryogenic liquid leakage compared to metal tanks. Because the carbon fiber in the composite material has a smaller negative expansion coefficient in the fiber direction, and the resin matrix has a larger positive expansion coefficient, when the composite material is applied to a liquid oxygen storage tank at (-183 ℃), the composite material is easy to generate microcracks at the interface of the resin matrix, the fiber and the resin under the coupling action of thermal stress generated by low-temperature cooling and mechanical stress generated by internal pressure action due to the huge temperature difference before and after low-temperature fuel injection and storage. Under the continuous or cyclic action of low temperature and stress, microcracks expand to form leakage passages, and finally the composite material storage tank is subjected to leakage failure.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a liquid oxygen leakage prevention technology for composite materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, a liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material comprises low-modulus carbon fibers and a low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system, wherein the weight content of the low-modulus carbon fibers is 56% -68%, and the weight content of the low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system is 32% -44%;
the low modulus carbon fiber has a modulus of less than 240 GPa.
In a second aspect, a method for preparing a liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly stirring the epoxy resin, the flexibilizer containing aliphatic ether bond, the thermoplastic flexibilizer and the flame retardant at 60-130 ℃;
(2) adding a curing agent, stirring for 10-60 minutes at 80-130 ℃, and uniformly stirring to prepare a low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system;
(3) preparing an ultrathin prepreg with a single-layer thickness of less than 0.08mm by adopting a low-modulus carbon fiber with a modulus of less than 240GPa and a low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system;
(4) and spreading the prepared ultrathin prepreg on a mould layer by layer, covering the prepreg by using a vacuum bag, vacuumizing, then placing the prepreg in an autoclave for curing, and demoulding to obtain the liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material.
According to the liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention, the following beneficial effects are achieved:
(1) according to the liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material and the preparation method thereof, the stress of the composite material is relatively small in a liquid oxygen low-temperature environment;
(2) according to the liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material and the preparation method thereof, the resistance of crack propagation of the composite material is large in a low-temperature liquid oxygen environment;
(3) according to the liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material and the preparation method thereof, the composite material has good liquid oxygen leakage prevention performance, and can be applied to the fields of composite material liquid oxygen storage tanks, composite material liquid oxygen shielding sleeves, composite material liquid oxygen pipelines and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a method for preparing a liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and appreciated from the following detailed description of the invention.
The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material, comprising a low-modulus carbon fiber and a low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system, wherein the weight content of the low-modulus carbon fiber is 56% to 68%, and the weight content of the low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system is 32% to 44%.
In a preferred embodiment, the low modulus carbon fiber has a modulus of less than 240 GPa.
In a preferred embodiment, the low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of epoxy resin, 5-25 parts of flexibilizer containing aliphatic ether bond, 10-25 parts of thermoplastic flexibilizer, 10-35 parts of flame retardant and 25-40 parts of curing agent.
In a preferred embodiment, the epoxy resin is selected from bisphenol a type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, cycloaliphatic epoxy resin, or a combination of two or more thereof;
the flexibilizer containing the aliphatic ether bond is selected from butyl glycidyl ether, glycerol triglycidyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether flexibilizer, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether or the combination of more than two of the butyl glycidyl ether, the glycerol triglycidyl ether, the ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether flexibilizer;
the thermoplastic toughening agent is selected from PEK (polyether ketone), PES (polyether sulfone), PSF (polysulfone), PEI (polyetherimide) or a combination of the two or more;
the flame retardant is selected from tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate, diphosphonate, hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene, phosphaphenanthrene-containing compounds or a combination of more than two of the above;
the curing agent is selected from diaminodiphenylmethane, diaminodiphenylsulfone, or a combination of both.
It is worth noting that the liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material needs to have the characteristics of low temperature cracking resistance and permeability prevention, and also needs to be resistant to a liquid oxygen environment and has flame retardant performance. However, in the process of low-temperature modification of composite materials, only low-temperature toughness is generally considered alone, or flame retardancy is considered alone, and the two are not considered in combination. And the addition of a plurality of flame retardants can easily cause the toughness reduction of the epoxy resin system due to the rigid structure. Thereby resulting in failure to satisfy both low-temperature high toughness and flame retardancy requirements. Therefore, the invention selects the flame retardant with better toughness after being matched with the epoxy resin, and simultaneously uses the flexible chain segment toughening agent, the thermoplastic toughening agent and the flame retardant, thereby realizing the simultaneous toughening and flame retardation.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material, comprising the steps of:
(1) uniformly stirring the epoxy resin, the flexibilizer containing aliphatic ether bond, the thermoplastic flexibilizer and the flame retardant at 60-130 ℃;
(2) adding a curing agent, stirring for 10-60 minutes at 80-130 ℃, and uniformly stirring to prepare a low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system;
(3) the ultra-thin prepreg with the single-layer thickness of less than 0.08mm is prepared by adopting a low-modulus carbon fiber with the modulus of less than 240GPa and a low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system so as to increase the number of layers in the thickness direction and increase the resistance of crack expansion in the thickness direction when the composite material has the same thickness,
(4) spreading the prepared ultrathin prepreg on a mold layer by layer, covering the prepreg with a vacuum bag, and vacuumizing; then, placing the composite material in an autoclave, curing according to a low-stress curing system with the temperature rise and fall rate of less than 15 ℃/h and the curing temperature of less than or equal to 160 ℃ so as to reduce the internal stress in the composite material, reduce the generation of cracks, and demoulding to obtain the composite material for preventing liquid oxygen leakage.
Examples
Example 1
The liquid oxygen leakage preventing composite material has low modulus carbon fiber of MT300 with modulus of 230GPa, and low temperature high toughness fireproof epoxy resin system comprising bisphenol A type epoxy resin, butyl glycidyl ether toughening agent, mixed thermoplastic toughening agent of PEK and PSF and hexaphenoxy cyclotriphosphazene as fire retardant. The weight content of carbon fibers in the composite material was 66% and the weight content of the epoxy resin system was 34%.
The epoxy resin formula comprises:
| composition (I) | Mass portion of |
| Bisphenol A epoxy resin | 100 |
| Butyl glycidyl ether | 6 |
| PEK | 10 |
| PSF | 10 |
| Phosphonitrilic chloride hexa-phenoxy ring | 30 |
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly stirring bisphenol A epoxy resin, butyl glycidyl ether, PEK, PSF and hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene at 100 ℃;
(2) then adding 30 parts of curing agent diaminodiphenylmethane, stirring for 10 minutes at 130 ℃, and stirring uniformly to prepare a low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system;
(3) then, adopting MT300 carbon fiber with the modulus of 230GPa and a low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system to prepare an ultrathin prepreg with the single-layer thickness of 0.07mm,
(4) spreading the prepared ultrathin prepreg on a mold layer by layer, covering the prepreg with a vacuum bag, and vacuumizing; then, placing the composite material in an autoclave, curing according to a low-stress curing system with the temperature rise and fall rate of 13 ℃/h and the curing temperature of 150 ℃, and demolding to obtain the liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material. Finally, low temperature leakage performance test was performed, and the results are shown in table 1.
Example 2
A liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material is characterized in that low-modulus carbon fibers are T700 carbon fibers with the modulus of 230GPa, and a low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system is a mixed flame retardant of bisphenol F type epoxy resin, glycerol triglycidyl ether toughening agent, PES (polyether sulfone) thermoplastic toughening agent, diphosphate and hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene. The weight content of the carbon fiber in the composite material is 60 percent, and the weight content of the epoxy resin is 40 percent.
The epoxy resin formula comprises:
the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly stirring bisphenol F type epoxy resin, glycerol triglycidyl ether, PES, diphosphate and hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene at 80 ℃;
(2) then adding 35 parts of curing agent diaminodiphenylmethane, stirring for 20 minutes at 100 ℃, and uniformly stirring to prepare a low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system;
(3) then, adopting T700 carbon fiber with the modulus of 230GPa and a low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system to prepare an ultrathin prepreg with the single-layer thickness of 0.04mm,
(4) spreading the prepared ultrathin prepreg on a mold layer by layer, covering the prepreg with a vacuum bag, and vacuumizing; then, placing the composite material in an autoclave, curing according to a low-stress curing system with the temperature rise and fall rate of 11 ℃/h and the curing temperature of 140 ℃, and demolding to obtain the liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material. Finally, low temperature leakage performance test was performed, and the results are shown in table 1.
Example 3
A liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material is characterized in that low-modulus carbon fibers are T700 carbon fibers with the modulus of 230GPa, and a low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system is a mixed flame retardant of bisphenol A type epoxy resin, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether toughening agent, PEI thermoplastic toughening agent, tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate and hexaphenoxy cyclotriphosphazene. The weight content of carbon fiber in the composite material is 62%, and the weight content of epoxy resin is 38%.
The epoxy resin formula comprises:
| composition (I) | Mass portion of |
| Bisphenol A epoxy resin | 100 |
| Neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether | 5 |
| PEI | 25 |
| Phosphoric acid tris (2-chloropropyl) ester | 15 |
| Phosphonitrilic chloride hexa-phenoxy ring | 20 |
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, uniformly stirring bisphenol A type epoxy resin, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, PEI, tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate and hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene at 120 ℃;
(2) then 28 parts of curing agent diamino diphenyl sulfone is added, stirred for 30 minutes at 120 ℃, and stirred evenly to prepare a low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system;
(3) then, adopting T700 carbon fiber with the modulus of 230GPa and a low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system to prepare an ultrathin prepreg with the single-layer thickness of 0.06mm,
(4) spreading the prepared ultrathin prepreg on a mold layer by layer, covering the prepreg with a vacuum bag, and vacuumizing; then, placing the composite material in an autoclave, curing according to a low-stress curing system with the temperature rise and fall rate of 10 ℃/h and the curing temperature of 140 ℃, and demolding to obtain the liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material. Finally, low temperature leakage performance test was performed, and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
A composite material is prepared from domestic M40-class carbon fibres with modulus of 392GPa and non-toughened epoxy resin. The prepreg with the single-layer thickness of 0.15mm is prepared firstly, and then the prepreg is cured by adopting a curing system with the curing temperature of 180 ℃ and the temperature rise and drop rate of 40 ℃/h.
The epoxy resin formula comprises:
| composition (I) | Mass portion of |
| Bisphenol A epoxy resin | 100 |
| Phosphoric acid tris (2-chloropropyl) ester | 6 |
| Phosphonitrilic chloride hexa-phenoxy ring | 30 |
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, uniformly stirring bisphenol A type epoxy resin, tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate and hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene at 110 ℃;
(2) then adding 30 parts of curing agent diaminodiphenylmethane, stirring for 15 minutes at 130 ℃, and uniformly stirring to obtain an un-toughened epoxy resin system;
(3) then, a domestic M40-grade carbon fiber with the modulus of 392GPa and an un-toughened epoxy resin system are adopted to prepare a prepreg with the single-layer thickness of 0.15mm,
(4) spreading the prepared prepreg on a mould layer by layer, covering the prepreg with a vacuum bag, and vacuumizing; then, the mixture is placed in an autoclave, cured according to a curing system with the temperature rise and fall rate of 40 ℃/h and the curing temperature of 180 ℃, and demolded to obtain the composite material of the comparative example. Finally, low temperature leakage performance test was performed, and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2
A composite material having the same composition and method of manufacture as example 1 except that: butyl glycidyl ether toughening agent is not adopted in the low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system. The low temperature leak performance test results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 3
A composite material having the same composition and method of manufacture as example 1 except that: the low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system does not adopt a PEK and PSF mixed thermoplastic toughening agent. The low temperature leak performance test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of the results of the tests for the leak-proofness of the composite materials of the examples (sample size: diameter 20mm, thickness 2mm)
The invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.
Claims (9)
1. The liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material is characterized by comprising 56-68 wt% of low-modulus carbon fiber and 32-44 wt% of low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system;
the low modulus carbon fiber has a modulus of less than 240 GPa.
2. The liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material according to claim 1, wherein the low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of epoxy resin, 5-25 parts of flexibilizer containing aliphatic ether bond, 10-25 parts of thermoplastic flexibilizer, 10-35 parts of flame retardant and 25-40 parts of curing agent.
3. The liquid oxygen leakage resistant composite of claim 2, wherein: the epoxy resin is selected from bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, alicyclic epoxy resin or a combination of more than two.
4. The liquid oxygen leakage resistant composite of claim 2, wherein: the flexibilizer containing the aliphatic ether bond is selected from butyl glycidyl ether, glycerol triglycidyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether flexibilizer, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether or the combination of more than two.
5. The liquid oxygen leakage resistant composite of claim 2 wherein the thermoplastic toughening agent is selected from PEK, PES, PSF, PEI or a combination of both.
6. The liquid oxygen leakage resistant composite of claim 2 wherein the flame retardant is selected from tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate, bisphosphate, hexaoxacyclotriphosphazene, phosphaphenanthrene-containing compounds, or a combination of two or more thereof.
7. The liquid oxygen leakage resistant composite of claim 2 wherein the curing agent is selected from diaminodiphenylmethane, diaminodiphenylsulfone, or a combination of both.
8. The preparation method of the liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) uniformly stirring the epoxy resin, the flexibilizer containing aliphatic ether bond, the thermoplastic flexibilizer and the flame retardant at 60-130 ℃;
(2) adding a curing agent, stirring for 10-60 minutes at 80-130 ℃, and uniformly stirring to prepare a low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system;
(3) preparing an ultrathin prepreg with a single-layer thickness of less than 0.08mm by adopting a low-modulus carbon fiber with a modulus of less than 240GPa and a low-temperature high-toughness flame-retardant epoxy resin system;
(4) and spreading the prepared ultrathin prepreg on a mould layer by layer, covering the prepreg by using a vacuum bag, vacuumizing, then placing the prepreg in an autoclave for curing, and demoulding to obtain the liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material.
9. The method for preparing the liquid oxygen leakage prevention composite material according to claim 8, wherein in the step (4), the composite material is cured by a low-stress curing system with a temperature rise and fall rate of less than 15 ℃/h and a curing temperature of less than or equal to 160 ℃.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116515247A (en) * | 2023-04-21 | 2023-08-01 | 大连理工大学 | Epoxy resin system for liquid oxygen storage tank and preparation method of composite material of epoxy resin system |
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| CN111393805A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-10 | 重庆大学 | Epoxy resin system for composite liquid oxygen storage tank and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104277418A (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-01-14 | 上海杰事杰新材料(集团)股份有限公司 | Carbon fiber reinforced toughened epoxy resin composite material and preparation method thereof |
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