CN113860587A - 一种含苯乙烯废水的预处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含苯乙烯废水的预处理方法,包括如下步骤:将聚合物多元醇生产车间排出的含苯乙烯废水泵入加药池中,pH调节至6~8,往加药池中依次加入催化剂、氧化剂和絮凝剂,经过催化氧化反应和絮凝沉淀反应后,进入气浮设备中;在气泡浮力作用下,絮体与气泡一起上升至液面,形成浮渣,浮渣由刮沫机刮至污泥区;实现固液分离;固液分离后的污水通过集水管流至电催化氧化反应器中进行电催化反应,电催化反应后排出进入后续处理工艺。本发明的聚合物多元醇生产过程中含苯乙烯废水的高效预处理方法对含苯乙烯废水的COD和苯乙烯去除效果显著,可有效提高含苯乙烯废水的可生化性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含苯乙烯废水的预处理方法。
背景技术
聚合物多元醇(POP)主要是以偶氮二异丁酸甲酯(AIBN)为引发剂,聚醚多元醇为母体,在一定温度下与丙烯腈(AN)、苯乙烯(SM)等单体接枝共聚而成,是聚醚多元醇、接枝聚醚多元醇、AN和SM的共聚物或自聚物等的混合物。聚合多元醇类产品生产过程中产生的有机废水,基本组分为聚醚多元醇、苯乙烯、丙烯腈等,具有污染物种类多、成分复杂、有机物浓度高、有毒有害物质多、水质波动较大、可生化性差等特点。其中,苯乙烯是一种可致癌的环境激素物质,具有亲油脂、难分解、易蓄积、残留期长及可沿食物链逐级传递富集等特点。苯乙烯难生物降解且易于富集,常规废水处理工艺中需要对苯乙烯废水进行预处理后(即将废水中苯乙烯浓度从几百降至几十mg/L,甚至更低),方可进入后端生化系统。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明目的在于克服聚合物多元醇产品生产过程中产生的高浓度含苯乙烯废水生物毒性大、苯乙烯浓度高、出水难以达标排放的问题,提供一种含苯乙烯废水的预处理方法。
技术方案:本发明所述的聚合物多元醇生产过程中含苯乙烯废水的预处理方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将聚合物多元醇生产车间排出的含苯乙烯废水泵入加药池中,pH调节至6~8(pH调节的目的是便于后续的絮凝与催化氧化反应),往加药池中依次加入催化剂、氧化剂和絮凝剂,经过催化氧化反应和絮凝沉淀反应后,进入气浮设备中;
(2)在气泡浮力作用下,(沉底的)絮体与气泡一起上升至液面,形成浮渣,浮渣由刮沫机刮至污泥区,实现固液分离;
(3)固液分离后的污水通过集水管流至电催化氧化反应器中进行电催化反应,电催化反应后排出进入后续处理工艺。
其中,所述催化剂为棕榈酸异辛酯(IOP),投加量为0.25~0.75kg/m3,即每立方米废水中催化剂的加入量为0.25~0.75kg。
其中,所述氧化剂为双氧水,投加量为0.2~0.4kg/m3,即每立方米废水中双氧水的加入量为0.25~0.75kg。
其中,所述絮凝剂为阴离子PAM絮凝剂(阴离子絮凝剂用于中性或碱性的废水),投加量为0.002~0.0025kg/m3。
其中,气浮设备中,溶气水回流比为30%、水力表面负荷为3~5m3/(m2·h),停留时间为15~30min。
其中,所述电催化氧化反应中设有多对阴阳电极板,每块电极板间距10mm,阳极极板材料为钛铱钌材料(IrO2-RuO2/Ti)。在中性溶液中,钛铱钌(IrO2-RuO2/Ti)阳极析氯点位低,Cl2容易在阳极表面析出,其溶于水产生活性氯可以快速氧化溶液中的苯乙烯,有效提高苯乙烯的去除效率;同时钛铱钌材料(IrO2-RuO2/Ti)具有低的过电位特性,电极间表面及电极的气泡容易排除,可有效降低电解槽电压,节约能耗。
其中,电催化反应中,电流为10~20A,电压为4.5~6.0V。
本发明方法的机理为:废水中过氧化氢在催化剂(IOP)的催化作用下,利用催化质子反应机理,在分解过程中产生超氧化氢中间体,超氧化氢氧化性比过氧化氢强且含有更多的活性氧,因此超氧化氢与苯乙烯反应比过氧化氢更具优势(氧化性更强,氧化速率更快),可以直接一步氧化苯乙烯生成苯乙醛;气浮用于去除废水中表面活性剂、含油物质及絮凝沉淀物,从而提升后续电催化氧化的效率;经催化氧化后浓度较低的苯乙烯进入电催化氧化体系后,被体系内产生的氧化还原性物质:·OH、Cl-、ClO-、H·降解矿化,在电催化过程中,IrO2-RuO2阳极析氯产生Cl2,其溶于水产生活性氯氧化溶液中的苯乙烯,进一步提高苯乙烯的去除效率。
有益效果:本发明处理方法反应速率快,IOP催化过氧化氢在分解过程中产生超氧化氢,从而提升了苯乙烯的氧化效率;针对初始浓度为205mg/L的含苯乙烯废水,半小时内去除率可达80%以上;本发明处理方法不仅能够有效降解废水中的苯乙烯,还能够有效降解废水中的其它有机物且副产物少,从而显著提高(含苯乙烯)废水的可生化性。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明。
实施例1
本发明聚合物多元醇生产过程中含苯乙烯废水的预处理方法,具体为:将聚合物多元醇生产车间排出的含高浓度苯乙烯废水泵入加药池中,加入过氧化氢0.2kg/m3和IOP0.25kg/m3;搅拌反应25min后(化学氧化能将溶液中苯乙烯浓度从205mg/L降至62mg/L),再加入阴离子絮凝剂PAM 0.002kg/m3絮凝15min;将絮凝后的混合液通入气浮池,控制容器罐压力表读数为3.4~5kg/cm2,停留时间15min;在气泡浮力作用下,絮体与气泡一起上升至液面,形成浮渣,浮渣由刮沫机刮至污泥区,实现固液分离;固液分离后的污水从设备底部集水管进入电催化氧化反应器中进行电催化氧化反应,控制电流强度为20A,电压恒定为6V,停留时间为1.5h,经电催化氧化处理后出水经电催化氧化反应器出水口排出。
实施例1加药池进水和电催化氧化反应器出水口出水的指标见表1:
表1预处理前后废水中COD及苯乙烯的去除情况
由表1可知,经预处理后含苯乙烯废水的COD去除率为64.4%,苯乙烯去除达94.6%,废水B/C比由0.01提升至0.31。
实施例2
本发明聚合物多元醇生产过程中含苯乙烯废水的预处理方法,具体为:将聚合物多元醇生产车间排出的含高浓度苯乙烯废水泵入加药池中,加入过氧化氢0.3kg/m3和IOP0.5kg/m3;搅拌反应25min后(化学氧化能将溶液中苯乙烯浓度从205mg/L降至33mg/L),再加入阴离子絮凝剂PAM 0.002kg/m3絮凝15min;将絮凝后的混合液通入气浮池,控制容器罐压力表读数为3.4~5kg/cm2,停留时间30min;在气泡浮力作用下,絮体与气泡一起上升至液面,形成浮渣,浮渣由刮沫机刮至污泥区,实现固液分离;固液分离后的污水从设备底部集水管进入电催化氧化反应器中进行电催化氧化反应,控制电流强度为10A,电压恒定为4.5V,停留时间为1.5h,经电催化氧化处理后出水经电催化氧化反应器出水口排出。
实施例2加药池进水和电催化氧化反应器出水口出水的指标见表2:
表2预处理前后COD及苯乙烯的去除情况
由表2可知,经预处理后含苯乙烯废水的COD去除率为73.7%,苯乙烯去除达95.6%,废水B/C比由0.01提升至0.33。
实施例3
本发明聚合物多元醇生产过程中含苯乙烯废水的预处理方法,具体为:将聚合物多元醇生产车间排出的含高浓度苯乙烯废水泵入加药池中,加入过氧化氢0.4kg/m3和IOP0.75kg/m3;搅拌反应25min后(化学氧化能将溶液中苯乙烯浓度从205mg/L降至31mg/L),再加入阴离子絮凝剂PAM 0.002kg/m3絮凝15min;将絮凝后的混合液通入气浮池,控制容器罐压力表读数为3.4~5kg/cm2,停留时间20min;在气泡浮力作用下,絮体与气泡一起上升至液面,形成浮渣,浮渣由刮沫机刮至污泥区,实现固液分离;固液分离后的污水从设备底部集水管进入电催化氧化反应器中进行电催化氧化反应,控制电流强度为15A,电压恒定为5V,停留时间为1.5h,经电催化氧化处理后出水经电催化氧化反应器出水口排出。
实施例3加药池进水和电催化氧化反应器出水口出水的指标见表3:
表3预处理前后COD及苯乙烯的去除情况
由表3可知,经预处理后含苯乙烯废水的COD去除率为75.6%,苯乙烯去除达96.6%,废水B/C比由0.01提升至0.38。
Claims (7)
1.一种含苯乙烯废水的预处理方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将聚合物多元醇生产车间排出的含苯乙烯废水泵入加药池中,pH调节至6~8,往加药池中依次加入催化剂、氧化剂和絮凝剂,经过催化氧化反应和絮凝沉淀反应后,进入气浮设备中;
(2)在气泡浮力作用下,絮体与气泡一起上升至液面,形成浮渣,浮渣由刮沫机刮至污泥区,实现固液分离;
(3)固液分离后的污水通过集水管流至电催化氧化反应器中进行电催化反应,电催化反应后排出进入后续处理工艺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含苯乙烯废水的预处理方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述催化剂为棕榈酸异辛酯,催化剂的投加量为0.25~0.75kg/m3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含苯乙烯废水的预处理方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述氧化剂为双氧水,双氧水的投加量为0.2~0.4kg/m3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的含苯乙烯废水的预处理方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述絮凝剂为阴离子PAM絮凝剂,絮凝剂的投加量为0.002~0.0025kg/m3。
5.根据权利要求1所述的含苯乙烯废水的预处理方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,气浮设备中,溶气水回流比为30%、水力表面负荷为3~5m3/(m2·h),水力停留时间为15~30min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的含苯乙烯废水的预处理方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,所述电催化氧化反应中设有多对阴阳电极板,每块电极板间距10mm,阳极极板材料为IrO2-RuO2/Ti。
7.根据权利要求1所述的含苯乙烯废水的预处理方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,电催化反应中,电流为10~20A,电压为4.5~6.0V。
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