CN113858410A - Preparation process of steam-curing-free lightweight concrete - Google Patents
Preparation process of steam-curing-free lightweight concrete Download PDFInfo
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- CN113858410A CN113858410A CN202111239246.0A CN202111239246A CN113858410A CN 113858410 A CN113858410 A CN 113858410A CN 202111239246 A CN202111239246 A CN 202111239246A CN 113858410 A CN113858410 A CN 113858410A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 96
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=N1 PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 125000000837 carbohydrate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003132 pyranosyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 2
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- VCNKUCWWHVTTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 18alpha-Oleanane Natural products C1CCC(C)(C)C2CCC3(C)C4(C)CCC5(C)CCC(C)(C)CC5C4CCC3C21C VCNKUCWWHVTTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIJYXULNPSFWEK-GTOFXWBISA-N 3beta-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid Chemical compound C1C[C@H](O)C(C)(C)[C@@H]2CC[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@@]5(C(O)=O)CCC(C)(C)C[C@H]5C4=CC[C@@H]3[C@]21C MIJYXULNPSFWEK-GTOFXWBISA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- SIOMFBXUIJKTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypoglauterpenic acid Natural products C1CC(O)C(C)(C)C2=CCC3(C)C4(C)CCC5(C(O)=O)CCC(C)(C)CC5C4=CCC3C21C SIOMFBXUIJKTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002120 nanofilm Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPAWXSVOAOLSRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleanane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CCC2(C)C(CCC3(C)C2CC=C4C5CC(C)(C)CCC5(C)C(O)CC34C)C1(C)C BPAWXSVOAOLSRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
- B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
- B28B11/245—Curing concrete articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
- B28B13/04—Discharging the shaped articles
- B28B13/06—Removing the shaped articles from moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
- B28C5/003—Methods for mixing
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation process of steam-curing-free lightweight concrete, which relates to the field of concrete.A process for preparing the steam-curing-free lightweight concrete comprises the steps of pouring tap water and an additive into a stirring barrel, adding cement, fly ash and sand while stirring, adding a bubble agent while stirring, pouring mixed slurry into a mould, standing for curing, demoulding and warehousing, and then carrying out regular watering curing to obtain the steam-curing-free lightweight concrete, so that the problems that the existing prefabricated inner partition wall single-piece plate is heavy in weight, high in labor intensity of installation workers and large in labor and material resource waste are solved; the steam-curing-free lightweight concrete has good fluidity, slurry self-leveling can be realized without manual intervention during pouring, steam-curing or heating curing is not required, the demolding strength can be reached in a short time under natural conditions, the hoisting and warehousing are realized, the produced member is flat and smooth in surface, secondary processing in a later period is not required, and the size of the internal pore structure is uniform, so that the purposes of reducing the weight of the concrete and reducing the labor intensity of workers are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of concrete, in particular to a steam-curing-free lightweight concrete preparation process.
Background
With the development of assembly buildings in recent years, the types of the assembly components are basically fixed and mainly divided into horizontal components and vertical components, wherein the horizontal components mainly comprise laminated floor slab components, ready-mixed stair components, precast beam components, balcony slab components and window sill slab components, the vertical components mainly comprise shear wall inner wall plate components, heat-preservation shear wall components, precast columns and PCF plates, the popularization strength of the assembly buildings is different according to different development degrees all over the country, and the requirements of all the regions on the assembly rate can be further improved along with the continuous development and growth of the assembly buildings.
The prefabricated internal partition wall board is generally a non-bearing prefabricated partition wall and is made of light materials or light structures, prefabricated internal partition wall products in the market can be roughly divided into light battens, autoclaved aerated concrete slabs and gypsum hollow battens, the production automation degree is high, the prefabricated internal partition wall board is generally installed after a main structure is completed, the construction progress of the main structure is not influenced, but the weight of a single board of the existing prefabricated internal partition wall is heavy, the labor intensity of installation workers is high, a large amount of manpower and material resources are wasted, and the compressive strength of the prefabricated internal partition wall cannot be guaranteed while the weight of the prefabricated internal partition wall is reduced.
Therefore, a preparation process of the steam-curing-free lightweight concrete is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a steam-curing-free lightweight concrete preparation process which comprises the following steps:
(1) pouring weighed tap water and additives into a stirring barrel for simple stirring, adding cement, fly ash and sand while stirring, adding a bubble agent while stirring, controlling a stirring tooth to be always in slurry during stirring, stopping stirring when the added bubble agent is completely melted into slurry, pouring the mixed slurry into a mold, standing for maintenance, demolding, putting in storage, and then regularly watering and maintaining for 14 days to obtain the steam-curing-free lightweight concrete, so that the problems that the existing prefabricated inner partition wall single-piece plate is heavy in weight, high in labor intensity of installation workers and large in manpower and material resource waste are solved;
(2) dissolving dimethylaminopyridine in dried dimethylformamide to prepare a dimethylaminopyridine solution serving as a reaction catalyst C, dissolving tetra-n-butylammonium bromide in dried dimethylformamide to prepare a tetra-n-butylammonium bromide solution serving as a reaction catalyst D, dissolving tea saponin in dimethylformamide, adding the solution into a reaction flask, adding nanoscopic anhydride, adding the catalyst C, starting a stirrer to react to obtain an intermediate A, adding the intermediate A into the reaction flask, and adding NaHSO3And adding a catalyst D, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the air bubble agent, so that the problem that the compressive strength of the prefabricated inner partition wall cannot be guaranteed while the weight of the prefabricated inner partition wall is reduced is solved.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the preparation process of the non-autoclaved lightweight concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight:
420 parts of cement 380-;
the preparation process of the steam-curing-free lightweight concrete comprises the following steps:
s1: pouring the weighed tap water and the admixture into a stirring barrel for simple stirring;
s2: adding cement with specification of P.O42.5, class II F fly ash and sand with particle size of 80-120 meshes while stirring, wherein the adding time is controlled to be within 1-1.5min, stirring is continued for 2-3min after adding, and the stirring position needs to be changed continuously during stirring to prevent the raw materials from sinking;
s3: adding the bubble agent while stirring, controlling the stirring teeth to be always in the slurry during stirring, stopping stirring until the added bubble agent is completely dissolved into the slurry, and strictly controlling the stirring time after adding bubbles to be not more than 1 min;
s4: pouring the mixed slurry into a mold, wherein the slurry can automatically level without manual intervention during pouring due to good fluidity of the slurry, and the mold is strictly forbidden to move or vibrate after pouring is finished, so that laitance on the surface of the slurry can be removed, and standing and maintaining are carried out;
s5: demoulding can be carried out after natural curing for 8-10h, steaming or heating curing is not needed, hoisting and warehousing is realized, and after demoulding and warehousing, regular watering curing is carried out for 14d, so that the steam curing-free lightweight concrete is obtained;
the surface of the produced component is flat and smooth, secondary processing in the later period is not needed, and the structure size of the inner hole is uniform.
As a further scheme of the invention: the air bubble agent is prepared by the following preparation steps:
s21: vacuum drying tea saponin and Nasich anhydride for 10-12h, drying dimethylformamide by using a molecular sieve to prevent the tea saponin and the Nasich anhydride from being hydrolyzed in the reaction process, dissolving dimethylaminopyridine in the dried dimethylformamide to prepare a 1% by mass fraction dimethylaminopyridine solution as a reaction catalyst C, dissolving tetra-n-butylammonium bromide in the dried dimethylformamide to prepare a 1% by mass fraction tetra-n-butylammonium bromide solution as a reaction catalyst D;
tea saponin is used as a natural surfactant, the molecular structure is relatively complex, the hydrophilic head group part of the tea saponin is composed of four pyranose rings, the saccharide rings are connected by glycosidic bonds and relatively easy to deform, a large number of hydroxyl groups exist in the structure, the structure has strong hydrogen bonding action with water molecules, the hydrophilicity is good, the hydrophobic tail group part is mainly composed of oleanane type pentacyclic triterpene structures, the structures are basically positioned on the same plane except partial substituent groups, the annular structure has strong rigidity and large volume and is not easy to deform, the head group and the tail group are not coplanar and are connected by an oxygen-glycosidic bond, the oxygen-glycosidic bond is the same as the glycosidic bond between the saccharide rings and has no rigidity, the pentacyclic triterpene structure of the hydrophobic part has large volume and certain rigidity, and is easy to be in a flat state when the surface is adsorbed, so that the arrangement of the tea saponin at the interface is loose and the adsorption action is weakened, the tea saponin has the advantages that limited surface activity is shown, a considerable amount of hydroxyl and a small amount of carboxyl exist on pyranose rings of hydrophilic parts, complex interaction is generated between oxygen-containing groups and water molecules under the action of hydrogen bonds, tea saponin molecules are tightly covered on the gas-liquid surface in a diagonal laying mode, and a part of ions can be dissociated by dissolution after modification, so that the tea saponin has some properties of an ionic surfactant, and is better in water solubility and stronger in surface activity;
s22: dissolving tea saponin in dimethylformamide, adding the mixture into a reaction flask, heating the mixture in a water bath to 30-50 ℃, adding nano-scad anhydride, adding a catalyst C, starting a stirrer to react for 3-4h to obtain an intermediate A, adding a high-efficiency nucleophilic acylation catalyst dimethylaminopyridine solution into a system, wherein the reaction is esterification and no water is generated, so that the esterification reaction can be performed under a low-temperature condition and is basically irreversible, the structure of the nano-scad anhydride is more easily broken to be combined with the dimethylaminopyridine to generate 'activated ester' along with the rise of the temperature, and hydrogen bonds between primary hydroxyl groups of the tea saponin and water molecules become unstable and break, thereby completing the catalytic esterification;
s23: adding the intermediate A into a reaction flask, adjusting the temperature to 70-90 ℃, and adding NaHSO3Adding a catalyst D, reacting for 3-5h, removing the device after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging the reaction system at high speed for 15-20min for three times, and removing residual NaHSO3Keeping the supernatant, rotary evaporating at 75-85 ℃ to remove most of dimethylformamide, vacuum drying at 650-700 ℃ for 24-26h, cooling, and fully grinding to obtain the air bubble agent.
As a further scheme of the invention: in step S21, the mass fraction of catalyst C is 1%, and the mass fraction of catalyst D is 1%.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step S22, the dosage ratio of the tea saponin to the dimethylformamide is 6 g: 30mL, wherein the dosage of the catalyst C is 30% of the total mass of the tea saponin and the narcisic anhydride, and the molar ratio of the tea saponin to the narcisic anhydride is 2: 1.
as a further scheme of the invention: the catalyst D used in the step S23 is mediumIntermediate A and NaHSO330% of the total mass, the intermediate A and NaHSO3In a molar ratio of 1: 1.05.
as a further scheme of the invention: the additive is one or a mixture of two of lignosulfonate and nitrite in any proportion.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention pours the weighed tap water and the admixture into a mixing tank for simple mixing, adds the cement, the fly ash and the sand while mixing, adds the bubble agent while mixing, controls the mixing teeth to be always in the slurry during the mixing process, stops mixing when the added bubble agent is completely blended into the slurry, pours the mixed slurry into a mould, statically stops for curing, carries out periodical watering curing to 14d after demoulding and warehousing, obtains the non-steamed lightweight concrete, the non-steamed lightweight concrete has good fluidity, can realize self-leveling of the slurry without manual intervention during pouring, can reach demoulding strength without steaming or heating curing under natural conditions for 8-10h, realizes hoisting and warehousing, and the surface of the produced component is flat and smooth without post secondary processing, the internal pore structure is uniform in size, thereby achieving the weight reduction of the concrete, the labor intensity of workers is reduced;
(2) dissolving dimethylaminopyridine in dried dimethylformamide to prepare a dimethylaminopyridine solution serving as a reaction catalyst C, dissolving tetra-n-butylammonium bromide in dried dimethylformamide to prepare a tetra-n-butylammonium bromide solution serving as a reaction catalyst D, dissolving tea saponin in dimethylformamide, adding the solution into a reaction flask, adding nanoscopic anhydride, adding the catalyst C, starting a stirrer to react to obtain an intermediate A, adding the intermediate A into the reaction flask, and adding NaHSO3Adding a catalyst D, cooling to room temperature to obtain the bubble agent, adding a high-efficiency nucleophilic acylation catalyst dimethylaminopyridine solution into a system, reacting for esterification, introducing a new ester group and a sulfonic group into the bubble agent, enhancing the polarity of the hydrophilic end of the molecules of the bubble agent, improving the dissolving capacity, and partially ionizing the sulfonic group after dissolving in water to enable the molecules to have charges and block bubbles to a certain extentThe tail base body of the air bubble agent is a rigid pentacyclic triterpene structure, the temperature resistance of the air bubble agent is better, the sulfonic group introduced into the head base has certain protection effect on sugar ring, the temperature resistance of the head base is also improved, the temperature resistance of the air bubble agent molecules is enhanced, the hydrophilic end of the air bubble agent molecules contains a large amount of polar groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and the like, hydrogen bonds easily formed between the polar groups and water molecules, a water molecular film is constructed outside the head base and plays a protection effect together with reverse ions generated by ionization of the sulfonic group, the sensitivity of the air bubble agent molecules to inorganic salts in concrete is greatly reduced, a plurality of hydrophilic oxygen-containing functional groups such as hydroxyl, aldehyde and ester groups are connected to the pentacyclic triterpene structure of the oleophilic end of the air bubble agent, and the hydrophilic groups prevent the oleophilic end from entering an oil phase to a certain degree, the air bubble agent molecules are left on a water-gas interface as far as possible when meeting an oil phase after air bubbles are formed, and the stability of an air bubble liquid film is ensured, so that the purposes of improving the stability of the air bubbles and enhancing the compressive strength of concrete are achieved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment is a preparation process of steam curing-free lightweight concrete, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
380 parts of cement, 190 parts of fly ash, 190 parts of sand, 180 parts of water, 6 parts of an additive and 140 parts of a bubble agent;
the preparation process of the steam-curing-free lightweight concrete comprises the following steps:
s1: pouring the weighed tap water and the admixture into a stirring barrel for simple stirring;
s2: adding cement with specification of P.O42.5, class II F fly ash and sand with particle size of 80 meshes while stirring, wherein the adding time is controlled to be within 1min, stirring is continued for 2min after adding, and the stirring position is continuously changed during stirring to prevent the raw materials from sinking;
s3: adding the bubble agent while stirring, controlling the stirring teeth to be always in the slurry during stirring, stopping stirring until the added bubble agent is completely dissolved into the slurry, and strictly controlling the stirring time after adding bubbles, wherein the stirring time is 30 s;
s4: pouring the mixed slurry into a mould, wherein the slurry can automatically level after being poured into the mould due to good fluidity of the slurry, and the mould is strictly forbidden to move or vibrate after pouring is finished, so that laitance on the surface of the slurry can be removed, and standing and maintaining are carried out;
s5: naturally curing 8 to demould, and periodically watering and curing for 14 days after demould and warehousing to obtain the steam-curing-free lightweight concrete;
the air bubble agent is prepared by the following preparation steps:
s21: vacuum drying tea saponin and Naskatole anhydride for 10h, drying dimethylformamide by using a molecular sieve to prevent the tea saponin and the Naskatole anhydride from being hydrolyzed in the reaction process, dissolving dimethylaminopyridine in the dried dimethylformamide to prepare a 1% by mass fraction dimethylaminopyridine solution as a reaction catalyst C, dissolving tetra-n-butylammonium bromide in the dried dimethylformamide to prepare a 1% by mass fraction tetra-n-butylammonium bromide solution as a reaction catalyst D;
s22: dissolving tea saponin in dimethylformamide, adding the mixture into a reaction flask, heating the mixture in a water bath to 30 ℃, adding the nanoscopic anhydride, adding the catalyst C, and starting a stirrer to react for 3 hours to obtain an intermediate A;
s23: adding the intermediate A into a reaction flask, adjusting the temperature to 70 ℃, and adding NaHSO3Adding a catalyst D, reacting for 3 hours, removing the device after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging the reaction system at a high speed for 15min for three times, and removing residual NaHSO3The supernatant was retained, rotary evaporated at 75 ℃ to remove most of the dimethylformamide, and vacuum evaporated at 650 ℃Drying for 24h, cooling, and grinding thoroughly to obtain the air bubble agent.
Example 2:
the embodiment is a preparation process of steam curing-free lightweight concrete, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
380 parts of cement, 210 parts of fly ash, 210 parts of sand, 180 parts of water, 6 parts of an additive and 140 parts of a bubble agent;
the preparation process of the steam-curing-free lightweight concrete comprises the following steps:
s1: pouring the weighed tap water and the admixture into a stirring barrel for simple stirring;
s2: adding cement with specification of P.O42.5, class II F fly ash and sand with particle size of 80 meshes while stirring, wherein the adding time is controlled to be within 1min, stirring is continued for 2min after adding, and the stirring position is continuously changed during stirring to prevent the raw materials from sinking;
s3: adding the bubble agent while stirring, controlling the stirring teeth to be always in the slurry during stirring, stopping stirring until the added bubble agent is completely dissolved into the slurry, and strictly controlling the stirring time after adding bubbles, wherein the stirring time is 30 s;
s4: pouring the mixed slurry into a mould, wherein the slurry can automatically level after being poured into the mould due to good fluidity of the slurry, and the mould is strictly forbidden to move or vibrate after pouring is finished, so that laitance on the surface of the slurry can be removed, and standing and maintaining are carried out;
s5: naturally curing 8 to demould, and periodically watering and curing for 14 days after demould and warehousing to obtain the steam-curing-free lightweight concrete;
the air bubble agent is prepared by the following preparation steps:
s21: vacuum drying tea saponin and Naskatole anhydride for 12h, drying dimethylformamide by using a molecular sieve to prevent the tea saponin and the Naskatole anhydride from being hydrolyzed in the reaction process, dissolving dimethylaminopyridine in the dried dimethylformamide to prepare a 1% by mass fraction dimethylaminopyridine solution as a reaction catalyst C, and dissolving tetra-n-butylammonium bromide in the dried dimethylformamide to prepare a 1% by mass fraction tetra-n-butylammonium bromide solution as a reaction catalyst D;
s22: dissolving tea saponin in dimethylformamide, adding the mixture into a reaction flask, heating the mixture in a water bath to 50 ℃, adding nanoscopic anhydride, adding a catalyst C, and starting a stirrer to react for 4 hours to obtain an intermediate A;
s23: adding the intermediate A into a reaction flask, adjusting the temperature to 90 ℃, and adding NaHSO3Adding a catalyst D, reacting for 5 hours, removing the device after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging the reaction system for three times at a high speed for 20min, and removing residual NaHSO3And reserving the supernatant, performing rotary evaporation at 85 ℃ to remove most of dimethylformamide, performing vacuum drying at 700 ℃ for 26 hours, cooling, and fully grinding to obtain the air bubble agent.
Example 3:
the embodiment is a preparation process of steam curing-free lightweight concrete, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
420 parts of cement, 210 parts of fly ash, 210 parts of sand, 220 parts of water, 7 parts of an additive and 160 parts of a bubble agent;
the preparation process of the steam-curing-free lightweight concrete comprises the following steps:
s1: pouring the weighed tap water and the admixture into a stirring barrel for simple stirring;
s2: adding cement with specification of P.O42.5, class II F fly ash and sand with particle size of 120 meshes while stirring, wherein the adding time is controlled to be within 1.5min, stirring is continued for 3min after adding, and the stirring position is continuously changed during stirring to prevent the raw materials from sinking;
s3: adding the bubble agent while stirring, controlling the stirring teeth to be always in the slurry during stirring, stopping stirring until the added bubble agent is completely dissolved into the slurry, and strictly controlling the stirring time after adding bubbles, wherein the stirring time is 30 s;
s4: pouring the mixed slurry into a mould, wherein the slurry can automatically level after being poured into the mould due to good fluidity of the slurry, and the mould is strictly forbidden to move or vibrate after pouring is finished, so that laitance on the surface of the slurry can be removed, and standing and maintaining are carried out;
s5: naturally curing for 10h, then demoulding, putting the mould into a warehouse, and then regularly watering and curing for 14d to obtain the steam-curing-free lightweight concrete;
the air bubble agent is prepared by the following preparation steps:
s21: vacuum drying tea saponin and Naskatole anhydride for 12h, drying dimethylformamide by using a molecular sieve to prevent the tea saponin and the Naskatole anhydride from being hydrolyzed in the reaction process, dissolving dimethylaminopyridine in the dried dimethylformamide to prepare a 1% by mass fraction dimethylaminopyridine solution as a reaction catalyst C, and dissolving tetra-n-butylammonium bromide in the dried dimethylformamide to prepare a 1% by mass fraction tetra-n-butylammonium bromide solution as a reaction catalyst D;
s22: dissolving tea saponin in dimethylformamide, adding the mixture into a reaction flask, heating the mixture in a water bath to 50 ℃, adding nanoscopic anhydride, adding a catalyst C, and starting a stirrer to react for 4 hours to obtain an intermediate A;
s23: adding the intermediate A into a reaction flask, adjusting the temperature to 90 ℃, and adding NaHSO3Adding a catalyst D, reacting for 5 hours, removing the device after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging the reaction system for three times at a high speed for 20min, and removing residual NaHSO3And reserving the supernatant, performing rotary evaporation at 85 ℃ to remove most of dimethylformamide, performing vacuum drying at 700 ℃ for 26 hours, cooling, and fully grinding to obtain the air bubble agent.
Comparative example 1:
comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that no external additive is added.
Comparative example 2:
comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that no air bubble agent was added.
The non-autoclaved lightweight concrete of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 was subjected to compressive strength test;
the results are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table, under the same test conditions, the compressive strength of the experimental example 1d reaches 1MPa, the compressive strength of the comparative example 1 without the additive is 1MPa after 1d, the compressive strength of the comparative example 2 without the additive is 1MPa after 1d, the compressive strength of the experimental example 7d reaches 3-5MPa, the compressive strength of the comparative example 1 without the additive is 2MPa after 7d, the compressive strength of the comparative example 2 without the additive is 1MPa after 7d, the compressive strength of the experimental example 14d reaches 7-9MPa, the compressive strength of the comparative example 1 without the additive is 3MPa after 14d, the compressive strength of the comparative example 2 without the additive is 2MPa after 14d, and the data of the experimental examples are all superior to those of the comparative examples, which shows that the compressive strength of the material can be significantly improved by adding the additive and the air bubble agent.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation process of the steam-curing-free lightweight concrete is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
420 parts of cement 380-;
the preparation process of the steam-curing-free lightweight concrete comprises the following steps:
s1: pouring the weighed tap water and the admixture into a stirring barrel for simple stirring;
s2: adding cement, fly ash and sand while stirring, controlling the adding time to be finished within 1-1.5min, and continuing stirring for 2-3min after finishing adding;
s3: adding the bubble agent while stirring, controlling the stirring teeth to be always in the slurry during stirring, and stopping stirring when the added bubble agent is completely dissolved in the slurry, wherein the stirring time is not more than 1 min;
s4: pouring the mixed slurry into a mould, standing and maintaining;
s5: naturally curing for 8-10h, demoulding, and periodically watering and curing for 14d after demoulding and warehousing to obtain the steam curing-free lightweight concrete.
2. The process for preparing the steam-curing-free lightweight concrete according to claim 1, wherein the air bubble agent is prepared by the following steps:
s21: vacuum drying tea saponin and Naskatoanhydride, drying dimethylformamide by using a molecular sieve, dissolving dimethylaminopyridine in the dried dimethylformamide to serve as a reaction catalyst C, and dissolving tetra-n-butylammonium bromide in the dried dimethylformamide to serve as a reaction catalyst D;
s22: dissolving tea saponin in dimethyl formamide, adding the mixture into a reaction flask, adding Naskatole anhydride, adding a catalyst C, and starting a stirrer to react to obtain an intermediate A;
s23: adding the intermediate A into a reaction flask, and adding NaHSO3And adding a catalyst D, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, performing rotary evaporation, and fully grinding to obtain the air bubble agent.
3. The process for preparing non-autoclaved lightweight concrete according to claim 2, wherein the mass fraction of the catalyst C in the step S21 is 1%, and the mass fraction of the catalyst D is 1%.
4. The process for preparing steam-curing-free lightweight concrete according to claim 2, wherein the dosage ratio of the tea saponin to the dimethylformamide in the step S22 is 6 g: 30mL, wherein the dosage of the catalyst C is 30% of the total mass of the tea saponin and the narcisic anhydride, and the molar ratio of the tea saponin to the narcisic anhydride is 2: 1.
5. the process for preparing non-autoclaved lightweight concrete according to claim 2, wherein the amount of the catalyst D used in the step S23 is the intermediate A and NaHSO330% of the total mass, the intermediate A and NaHSO3In a molar ratio of 1: 1.05.
6. the process for preparing the non-autoclaved lightweight concrete according to claim 1, wherein the additive is one or a mixture of two of lignosulfonate and nitrite in any proportion.
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