CN113857403A - Aluminum-magnesium-yttrium alloy isothermal die forging process - Google Patents

Aluminum-magnesium-yttrium alloy isothermal die forging process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113857403A
CN113857403A CN202111164088.7A CN202111164088A CN113857403A CN 113857403 A CN113857403 A CN 113857403A CN 202111164088 A CN202111164088 A CN 202111164088A CN 113857403 A CN113857403 A CN 113857403A
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forging
blank
die
alloy
rough
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魏海根
张真
夏承东
吴勇
龙昌
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Intelligent Manufacturing Institute of Hefei University Technology
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Intelligent Manufacturing Institute of Hefei University Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/002Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J3/00Lubricating during forging or pressing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P23/00Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an aluminum-magnesium-yttrium alloy isothermal die forging process, and belongs to the technical field of alloy forging. The die forging process comprises the steps of alloy material selection, die pretreatment, free forging, rough forging, finish forging and post-treatment, wherein the friction force between a forging piece and a forging die is reduced by controlling the roughness of the surface of the forging piece and the inner cavity wall of the forging die and matching with reasonable process parameter design, the hidden danger caused by die forging pulling cracks is effectively reduced, meanwhile, a suitable powdery lubricant is provided and is uniformly attached to the roughened surface of the forging piece, the lubricity is improved, in addition, the surface morphology of the forging piece is approximately the same by controlling the roughening of the forging piece, the measured surface roughness of a circular ring workpiece subjected to the forging of the invention is about 50 mu m, the allowance required to be turned is small, the machining allowance can be reduced in practical application, and the consumption of raw materials is reduced.

Description

Aluminum-magnesium-yttrium alloy isothermal die forging process
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy forging, and particularly relates to an aluminum-magnesium-yttrium alloy isothermal die forging process.
Background
The Al-Mg alloy is an Al alloy with Mg as main additive element and has high strength, low density and high toughnessGood heat, etc., yttrium is added into the aluminum-magnesium alloy to form Al2The Y phase effectively improves the mechanical property of the alloy, is used for parts in the industries of aviation, electronics and the like, generally adopts an isothermal die forging method to forge the alloy in order to ensure the precision, and for the aluminum-magnesium-yttrium alloy, when the isothermal forging is carried out, a forge piece is easy to adhere to the inner cavity wall of a forging die, so that the demoulding is inconvenient, the demoulding and the pulling loss can be seriously caused, and in addition, in the actual production, the surface layer of a product is easy to generate pull cracks vertical to the die forging pressing-in direction.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art, the invention aims to provide an aluminum-magnesium-yttrium alloy isothermal die forging process,
the purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
an aluminum-magnesium-yttrium alloy isothermal die forging process comprises the following steps:
step 1: alloy materials are reserved: selecting an alloy ingot, wherein the alloy ingot comprises 2-3% of magnesium, 1-2% of yttrium and the balance of aluminum by mass percent;
and a step 2: pretreatment of a mold: selecting a primary forging die, polishing the inner cavity wall of the primary forging die, controlling the roughness of the inner cavity wall of the primary forging die to be not more than 10 mu m, and selecting a precision forging die, wherein the roughness of the inner cavity wall of the precision forging die is not more than 2 mu m;
step 3: free forging: heating the alloy ingot to 520 ℃ and preserving heat for 10-20 min, performing free forging by adopting a hydraulic press, eliminating casting defects such as shrinkage porosity and shrinkage cavity through the free forging, improving the mechanical property of the material, upsetting, punching and the like according to the shape of a workpiece in the free forging, forging the alloy ingot into an alloy rough blank with the shape similar to that of the workpiece, and then air-cooling to room temperature;
and step 4: rough forging: shot blasting the cooled alloy rough blank, polishing the surface by using a grinding wheel, controlling the surface roughness to be 270-plus 350 mu m, heating to 420-plus 450 ℃, preserving the heat for 5-8min, taking out the heated alloy rough blank, spraying a lubricant on the surface of the alloy rough blank, pressing the alloy rough blank into a preheated primary forging die, keeping the pressure for 5-10s, then cooling to below 220 ℃ in air cooling, ejecting the die forging piece, and air cooling to room temperature to obtain a blank piece;
step 5: and (3) precision forging: shot blasting the surface of the blank, polishing the surface by using sand paper, controlling the surface roughness to be 150-220 mu m, heating to 400 ℃ at 380 ℃, taking out the heated blank, spraying a lubricant on the surface of the blank, pressing the blank into a preheated precision forging die, maintaining the pressure for 8-15s, ejecting the blank into a quenching agent for quenching, and completely cooling to obtain a precision forging piece;
step 6: and (3) post-treatment: and (3) placing the finish forging piece in a heating furnace, heating to the temperature of 270-plus-300 ℃, preserving heat for 30-50min, then cooling to the temperature of 150-plus-170 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 10-15h, performing strengthening treatment, and finally air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a finished workpiece.
Further, in the step 4 and the step 5, the lubricant comprises 55% of glass powder, 37% of graphite powder and 8% of talcum powder by weight percentage, is sieved by a 1000-mesh screen and then is mixed to prepare the lubricant.
Further, in the step 4, the rough forging deformation of the alloy rough blank is 35 to 75 percent.
Furthermore, in the step 4, the pressing speed of the alloy rough blank is 3.7-5.5 mm/s.
Further, in the step 5, the finish forging deformation of the blank is 15% to 21%.
Further, in the step 5, the blank is pressed into the mold at a speed of 1.2 to 2.5 mm/s.
Further, in step 5, the average cooling rate of the finish-forged blank in the quenching agent is 30 to 40 ℃/s.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, by controlling the roughness of the surface of the forging piece and polishing the inner cavity wall of the forging die, at the initial forging stage of the forging piece, the contact area between the surface of the forging piece and the inner cavity wall of the forging die is small, the friction force between the forging piece and the forging die is reduced, and the hidden danger caused by die forging pull crack is effectively reduced by matching with reasonable pressing speed;
secondly, the invention provides a powdery lubricant with fineness not less than 1000 meshes, which is matched with the roughening control on the surface of the forging piece, so that the lubricant is uniformly attached to the roughened surface of the forging piece, the attachment thickness is moderate, the lubricity is improved, and the reduction of pull cracks is further facilitated;
finally, the surface shape of the forged piece is approximately the same through controlling the roughening of the forged piece, the surface stress is uniform during forging, the final deformation is similar, and the surface roughness of the forged piece is approximately the same, the surface roughness of the circular workpiece which is forged by the method is measured to be about 50 mu m, the quantity of leftover materials needing turning is small, the machining allowance can be reduced in practical application, and the consumption of raw materials is reduced.
2. The invention discloses an aluminum-magnesium-yttrium alloy component and an isothermal forging process suitable for the alloy, and a workpiece prepared from the alloy and the preparation process has the tensile strength of 347-352MPa, the elongation at break of 26.7-28% and good toughness.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment, three groups of round cake-shaped aluminum-magnesium-yttrium alloy ingots are prepared by pressure casting, wherein each group of ingots comprise the following components in percentage by weight:
ingot casting 1: 2% of magnesium, 2% of yttrium and the balance of aluminum;
ingot casting 2: 3% of magnesium, 1% of yttrium and the balance of aluminum;
ingot casting 3: 3% of magnesium, 2% of yttrium and the balance of aluminum.
In the embodiment, the quenching agent is A mixed solution prepared by stirring UCON-A and tap water, the mixed solution is used as it is, and the quenching agent 1, the quenching agent 2 and the quenching agent 3 are respectively prepared according to the volume ratio of the UCON-A to the tap water of 2.2:1, 2.7:1 and 3.5: 1.
In the embodiment, the lubricant comprises glass powder, graphite powder and talcum powder, the glass powder, the graphite powder and the talcum powder are respectively ground before use, the fineness is controlled to be not less than 1000 meshes, and 55% of the glass powder, 37% of the graphite powder and 8% of the talcum powder are uniformly stirred and mixed by a stirrer according to weight percentage.
In the examples, an aluminum-magnesium-yttrium ring workpiece was forged, the process examples 1-3 were carried out:
example 1
In the embodiment, the aluminum-magnesium-yttrium alloy is forged by adopting an isothermal die forging method, and the specific forging process is as follows:
step 1: alloy materials are reserved: selecting an ingot 1, and removing burrs to obtain an alloy ingot;
and a step 2: pretreatment of a mold: selecting a primary forging die, removing impurities adhered to an inner cavity of the primary forging die, polishing the inner cavity wall of the primary forging die by using metallographic abrasive paper, measuring the roughness of the inner cavity wall of the primary forging die to be 8.5 mu m, selecting a finish forging die, and finally measuring the roughness of the inner cavity wall of the finish forging die to be 1.7 mu m by using the same treatment mode as that of the rough forging die to finish the pretreatment of the die;
step 3: free forging: heating the alloy ingot to 500 ℃, then preserving heat for 20min, then taking out the heated alloy ingot, upsetting the alloy ingot by using a hydraulic machine, forming a central hole by using a punching die, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain an alloy rough blank;
and step 4: rough forging: shot blasting the alloy rough blank, polishing the surface by using a grinding wheel, measuring the surface roughness of the alloy rough blank to be 270 mu m, then placing the alloy rough blank in a heating furnace to be heated to 420 ℃, preserving the heat for 8min, taking out the heated alloy rough blank, spraying a lubricant on the surface of the alloy rough blank by using a powder sprayer, pressing the alloy rough blank attached with the lubricant into a primary forging die preheated to 420 ℃, controlling the pressing-in speed of the alloy rough blank to be 3.7mm/s during the period, keeping the pressure of the rough forging die for 10s after the rough forging die is closed, then cooling the rough blank to 220 ℃, and ejecting a die forging piece to cool the rough blank to room temperature to obtain a rough blank;
step 5: and (3) precision forging: shot blasting the surface of the blank, polishing the surface by using sand paper, measuring the surface roughness of the blank to be 150 mu m, then placing the blank in a heating furnace to be heated to 380 ℃, preserving heat for 6min, taking out the heated blank, spraying a lubricant on the surface of the blank by using a powder spraying machine, pressing the blank into a finish forging die preheated to 380 ℃, controlling the pressing speed of the alloy blank to be 1.2mm/s during the period, maintaining the pressure for 15s, then ejecting the blank into a quenching agent 1 for quenching, measuring the temperature of the forged piece by using an infrared sensor, measuring the cooling time of the forged piece to be 150 ℃, measuring and calculating the average cooling speed to be 40 ℃/s, and then completely cooling to obtain the finish forged piece;
step 6: and (3) post-treatment: and (3) placing the precision forging piece in a heating furnace, heating to 270 ℃, preserving heat for 50min, then cooling to 150 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 15h, performing strengthening treatment, and finally air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a finished product workpiece.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the aluminum-magnesium-yttrium alloy is forged by adopting an isothermal die forging method, and the specific forging process is as follows:
step 1: alloy materials are reserved: selecting an ingot 2, and removing burrs to obtain an alloy ingot;
and a step 2: pretreatment of a mold: selecting a primary forging die, removing impurities adhered to an inner cavity of the primary forging die, polishing the inner cavity wall of the primary forging die by using metallographic abrasive paper, measuring the roughness of the inner cavity wall of the primary forging die to be 10 mu m, selecting a precision forging die, and finally measuring the roughness of the inner cavity wall of the precision forging die to be 1.5 mu m by adopting the same treatment mode as that of the coarse forging die to finish the pretreatment of the die;
step 3: free forging: heating the alloy ingot to 510 ℃, then preserving heat for 15min, then taking out the heated alloy ingot, upsetting the alloy ingot by using a hydraulic machine, forming a central hole by using a punching die, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain an alloy rough blank;
and step 4: rough forging: shot blasting the alloy rough blank, polishing the surface by using a grinding wheel, measuring the surface roughness of the alloy rough blank to be 300 mu m, then placing the alloy rough blank in a heating furnace to be heated to 430 ℃, preserving the heat for 7min, taking out the heated alloy rough blank, spraying a lubricant on the surface of the alloy rough blank by using a powder spraying machine, pressing the alloy rough blank attached with the lubricant into a primary forging die preheated to 430 ℃, controlling the pressing-in speed of the alloy rough blank to be 4.2mm/s during the period, keeping the pressure of the rough forging die for 7s after the rough forging die is closed, then cooling the rough blank to 220 ℃, and ejecting a die forging piece to be cooled to room temperature to obtain a rough blank;
step 5: and (3) precision forging: shot blasting the surface of the blank, polishing the surface by using sand paper, measuring the surface roughness of the blank to be 190 mu m, then placing the blank in a heating furnace to be heated to 390 ℃, preserving heat for 4min, taking out the heated blank, spraying a lubricant on the surface of the blank by using a powder spraying machine, pressing the blank into a finish forging die preheated to 390 ℃, controlling the pressing speed of the alloy blank to be 1.7mm/s during the period, maintaining the pressure for 12s, then ejecting the blank into a quenching agent 2 for quenching, measuring the temperature of the forged piece by using an infrared sensor, measuring the cooling time of the forged piece cooled to 150 ℃, measuring and calculating the average cooling speed to be 37 ℃/s, and then completely cooling to obtain the finish forged piece;
step 6: and (3) post-treatment: and (3) placing the precision forging piece in a heating furnace, heating to 290 ℃, preserving heat for 40min, then cooling to 160 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 12h, performing strengthening treatment, and finally air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a finished product workpiece.
Example 3
In the embodiment, the aluminum-magnesium-yttrium alloy is forged by adopting an isothermal die forging method, and the specific forging process is as follows:
step 1: alloy materials are reserved: selecting an ingot 1, and removing burrs to obtain an alloy ingot;
and a step 2: pretreatment of a mold: selecting a primary forging die, removing impurities adhered to an inner cavity of the primary forging die, polishing the inner cavity wall of the primary forging die by using metallographic abrasive paper, measuring the roughness of the inner cavity wall of the primary forging die to be 9.3 mu m, selecting a finish forging die, and finally measuring the roughness of the inner cavity wall of the finish forging die to be 2 mu m by using the same treatment mode as that of the coarse forging die to finish the pretreatment of the die;
step 3: free forging: heating the alloy cast ingot to 520 ℃, then preserving heat for 10min, then taking out the heated alloy cast ingot, upsetting the alloy cast ingot by using a hydraulic machine, forming a central hole by using a punching die, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain an alloy rough blank;
and step 4: rough forging: shot blasting the alloy rough blank, polishing the surface by using a grinding wheel, measuring the surface roughness of the alloy rough blank to be 350 mu m, then placing the alloy rough blank in a heating furnace to be heated to 450 ℃, preserving the heat for 5min, taking out the heated alloy rough blank, spraying a lubricant on the surface of the alloy rough blank by using a powder sprayer, pressing the alloy rough blank attached with the lubricant into a primary forging die preheated to 450 ℃, controlling the pressing speed of the alloy rough blank to be 5.5mm/s during the period, keeping the pressure for 5s after the primary forging die is closed, then cooling the air to 220 ℃, and ejecting a die forging piece to cool the air to room temperature to obtain a rough blank;
step 5: and (3) precision forging: shot blasting the surface of the blank, polishing the surface by using sand paper, measuring the surface roughness of the blank to be 220 microns, then placing the blank in a heating furnace to be heated to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 3min, taking out the heated blank, spraying a lubricant on the surface of the blank by using a powder sprayer, pressing the blank into a finish forging die preheated to 400 ℃, controlling the pressing speed of the alloy blank to be 2.5mm/s during the period, maintaining the pressure for 8s, then ejecting the blank into a quenching agent 3 for quenching, measuring the temperature of the forged piece by using an infrared sensor, measuring the cooling time of the forged piece to be 150 ℃, measuring and calculating the average cooling speed to be 35 ℃/s, and then completely cooling to obtain the finish forged piece;
step 6: and (3) post-treatment: and (3) placing the precision forging piece in a heating furnace, heating to 300 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, then cooling to 170 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 10h, performing strengthening treatment, and finally air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a finished product workpiece.
Taking 10 same point positions of the examples 1-3 to measure the roughness, and calculating the average roughness, wherein the average roughness is specifically shown in the table 1;
turning and removing the surface oxide scale of the finished workpiece prepared in the embodiment 1-3, and then placing the finished workpiece under a metallographic microscope with the power of 50 times to observe the surface tensile crack condition, wherein the condition is specifically shown in table 1;
the finished work pieces prepared in examples 1 to 3 were tested for tensile strength and elongation at break with reference to GB6397-86, as shown in table 1;
Figure BDA0003291114900000071
as shown in Table 1, the surface roughness of the workpiece forged by the method is about 50 μm, the tensile strength of the workpiece is 347-352MPa, the elongation at break is 26.7-28%, and the workpiece has good toughness.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.

Claims (8)

1. An aluminum-magnesium-yttrium alloy isothermal die forging process is characterized by comprising the following working procedures:
step 1: alloy materials are reserved: selecting an alloy ingot, wherein the alloy ingot comprises 2-3% of magnesium, 1-2% of yttrium and the balance of aluminum by mass percent;
and a step 2: pretreatment of a mold: selecting a primary forging die, controlling the roughness of the inner cavity wall of the primary forging die to be not more than 10 mu m, selecting a precision forging die, and controlling the roughness of the inner cavity wall of the precision forging die to be not more than 2 mu m;
step 3: free forging: heating the alloy ingot to 520 ℃ for 500 ℃, and air-cooling the alloy ingot to room temperature after free forging to obtain an alloy rough blank;
and step 4: rough forging: shot blasting the alloy rough blank and polishing the rough blank until the surface roughness is 350 mu m plus 270 plus, then heating the rough blank to 450 ℃, taking out the rough blank and spraying a lubricant on the surface of the rough blank, then pressing the rough blank into a preheated primary forging die, keeping the pressure for 5-10s, then cooling the rough blank to below 220 ℃ in air cooling, and ejecting the die forging piece in air cooling to room temperature to obtain a blank piece;
step 5: and (3) precision forging: shot blasting the blank and polishing the blank until the surface roughness is 150-220 mu m, then heating the blank to 380-400 ℃, taking out the blank and spraying a lubricant on the surface, then pressing the blank into a preheated precision forging die, maintaining the pressure for 8-15s, then ejecting the blank into a quenching agent for quenching, and cooling the blank to obtain a precision forging piece;
step 6: and (3) post-treatment: and performing strengthening treatment on the finish forging to obtain a finished workpiece.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein in step 4 and step 5, the lubricant comprises 55% by weight of glass powder, 37% by weight of graphite powder and 8% by weight of talc powder.
3. The isothermal die forging process of the aluminum-magnesium-yttrium alloy, according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the rough forging deformation of the alloy rough blank is 35% -75%.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein in step 4, the pressing speed of the alloy billet is 3.7-5.5 mm/s.
5. The isothermal die forging process of the aluminum-magnesium-yttrium alloy, according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the finish forging deformation of the blank piece is 15% -21%.
6. The process of claim 1, wherein the blank is pressed into the die at a speed of 1.2-2.5mm/s in step 5.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein in step 5, the blank after finish forging is cooled in a quenching agent at a rate of 30-40 ℃/s.
8. The isothermal die forging process of aluminum magnesium yttrium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the strengthening treatment is specifically operated as: and (3) placing the precision forging piece in a heating furnace, heating to the temperature of 270-300 ℃, preserving heat for 30-50min, then cooling to the temperature of 150-170 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 10-15h, and finally air cooling to the room temperature.
CN202111164088.7A 2021-09-30 2021-09-30 Aluminum-magnesium-yttrium alloy isothermal die forging process Pending CN113857403A (en)

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Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102181793A (en) * 2011-04-02 2011-09-14 南京迪威尔重型锻造股份有限公司 Process for manufacturing steel forge piece of vertical conveying pipe of deep sea oil extraction equipment
CN104525810A (en) * 2014-12-22 2015-04-22 西安西工大超晶科技发展有限责任公司 Titanium alloy forging semi-hot state precision die forging forming process
CN107695623A (en) * 2017-09-23 2018-02-16 安徽福斯特铝制品股份有限公司 High intensity, the automotive hub manufacture craft of high-cooling property
CN108405788A (en) * 2018-04-23 2018-08-17 陕西宏远航空锻造有限责任公司 A kind of forging method of TiB/7050 aluminum matrix composites forging

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102181793A (en) * 2011-04-02 2011-09-14 南京迪威尔重型锻造股份有限公司 Process for manufacturing steel forge piece of vertical conveying pipe of deep sea oil extraction equipment
CN104525810A (en) * 2014-12-22 2015-04-22 西安西工大超晶科技发展有限责任公司 Titanium alloy forging semi-hot state precision die forging forming process
CN107695623A (en) * 2017-09-23 2018-02-16 安徽福斯特铝制品股份有限公司 High intensity, the automotive hub manufacture craft of high-cooling property
CN108405788A (en) * 2018-04-23 2018-08-17 陕西宏远航空锻造有限责任公司 A kind of forging method of TiB/7050 aluminum matrix composites forging

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