CN113856421B - Air carrier band tritium-containing wastewater system suitable for spent fuel aftertreatment - Google Patents
Air carrier band tritium-containing wastewater system suitable for spent fuel aftertreatment Download PDFInfo
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- CN113856421B CN113856421B CN202111183361.0A CN202111183361A CN113856421B CN 113856421 B CN113856421 B CN 113856421B CN 202111183361 A CN202111183361 A CN 202111183361A CN 113856421 B CN113856421 B CN 113856421B
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- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002915 spent fuel radioactive waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 126
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 127
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/263—Drying gases or vapours by absorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/10—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
- C02F1/12—Spray evaporation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
- F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
- F25B15/06—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/80—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/006—Radioactive compounds
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel air-carried tritium-containing wastewater system suitable for post-treatment of spent fuel, and belongs to the technical field of post-treatment of spent fuel. Comprises a solution dehumidifying device, an absorption refrigerating device and a high-efficiency micro-fog humidifying device. The solution dehumidifying device is additionally arranged, so that the traditional one-step method is changed into the two-step method, and the air carrying capacity is improved, thereby improving the operability of the system in severe environments such as low temperature, high humidity and the like. The absorption refrigeration device ensures that the dehumidifier operates at a lower temperature through circulating cooling water, thereby ensuring the dehumidification effect. The efficient micro-mist humidifying device combines staged humidification and micro-mist humidification, so that dehumidified air forms wet air containing low-radioactivity waste liquid through the multi-stage humidifier, and efficient carrier tape of the low-radioactivity waste liquid is realized. In addition, the system can realize dynamic adaptive discharge of waste liquid according to environmental changes. Therefore, the invention not only has higher humidifying efficiency, but also has stronger environmental applicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of spent fuel aftertreatment, and particularly relates to an absorption refrigeration technology, a solution dehumidification technology and an air carrier band technology.
Background
The current technology of the air carrier tritium-containing wastewater of the domestic spent fuel post-treatment plant is based on the air humidification principle, the waste liquid to be treated is in direct contact with air for heat and mass transfer, the waste liquid to be treated absorbs heat and evaporates, and the unsaturated air is humidified, and the humidified air is discharged into the atmosphere. The prior art based on the principle mainly has two schemes, namely a heating air cloth hanging atmosphere carrying scheme and a high-pressure micro-mist atmosphere carrying scheme. The technical flow of the scheme of heating air hanging cloth and air carrying belt is as follows: firstly, filtering air to remove sand and dust, then heating the air, blowing the heated air through hanging cloth sprayed with tritium-containing wastewater under the suction of a centrifugal fan, so that the tritium-containing wastewater absorbs heat and evaporates into the air, the moisture content of the air is increased, and finally, the humidified air is discharged through a chimney overhead. The technological process of the existing high-pressure micro-fog atmospheric carrier band scheme is as follows: the air is filtered to remove sand and dust and then heated, and the air flows through a micro mist chamber under the suction of a centrifugal fan. In the micro mist chamber, tritium-containing wastewater pumped to high pressure (4-7 MPa) is sprayed into air in a cloud form in the form of tritium-containing atomized particles with the particle size of 3-10 mu m through a nozzle array, heat is absorbed in the air, the liquid state is changed into the gas state, the humidity in the air is increased, the temperature of the air is reduced, and finally the humidified air is discharged to the high altitude through a chimney.
Whether a cloth hanging scheme or a high-pressure micro-mist scheme, the existing technological process of carrying tritium-containing wastewater by air has the following defects: under the low-temperature environment condition in winter, the outdoor environment temperature is far lower than the dew point temperature of the discharged air, and tritium-containing wastewater cannot be effectively discharged; in a high-humidity environment, the moisture absorption capacity of the carrier air is limited by the environmental humidity, so that the discharge efficiency in the high-humidity environment is low, and the increased tritium-containing wastewater amount cannot be effectively treated; the existing emission strategy is that the temperature of the air is lower than the temperature of the ambient air by 1 ℃, the environmental adaptability is lacked, the emission amount cannot be adjusted according to the change of the ambient temperature, when the ambient temperature is increased, the carrying capacity of the air is not fully utilized, the emission efficiency is lower, and when the ambient temperature is reduced, the constant emission temperature can cause precipitation; the system needs a large amount of external energy consumption, and the energy utilization efficiency is low. Therefore, the existing aftertreatment system has low humidifying efficiency, the environmental temperature and humidity have great influence on the emission of tritium-containing wastewater, and when the environmental temperature is less than 6 ℃ and the humidity is more than 80%, the air moisture absorption capacity is very weak, so that the humidifying effect is poor and even cannot be humidified, tritium-containing wastewater emission facilities are difficult to operate, and the operation period of a aftertreatment plant is severely limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an air carrier tape tritium-containing wastewater system suitable for post-treatment of spent fuel.
The system of the invention dehumidifies the environmental air with different humiture by utilizing the absorption refrigeration driving solution dehumidification air pretreatment technology, the moisture content of the environmental air is greatly reduced after dehumidification, the environmental air is heated by the heater, the moisture absorption capacity of the environmental air is greatly increased, and the environmental adaptability emission control is assisted.
An air-carried tritium-containing wastewater system suitable for spent fuel aftertreatment comprises a dehumidifying device, an absorption refrigerating device and a high-efficiency micro-mist humidifying device;
the dehumidifying device comprises a first fan 1, a dust chamber 2, a solution dehumidifier 3, a first circulating pump 4, a first intermediate heat exchanger 5, a second circulating pump 6, a second fan 7, a solution regenerator 8 and a wind channel heater 9;
the absorption refrigeration device comprises a heat source 10, a generator 11, a condenser 12, an evaporator 13, an absorber 14, a second intermediate heat exchanger 15, a first throttle valve 16, a third circulating pump 17 and a second throttle valve 18;
the micro-mist humidifying device comprises a micro-mist multi-nozzle array 19, a micro-mist humidifying tower 20, a fourth circulating pump 21 and a liquid storage tank 22;
the air duct inlet of the first fan 1 is communicated with the outdoor environment, the air duct outlet of the first fan 1 is communicated with the air duct inlet of the dust removing chamber 2, the air duct outlet of the dust removing chamber 2 is connected with the solution dehumidifier 3, and the outlet of the solution dehumidifier 3 is communicated with the inlet of the air duct heater 9; the low-temperature low-concentration outlet of the solution dehumidifier 3 is communicated with the low-temperature low-concentration liquid inlet of the first intermediate heat exchanger 5, and the medium-temperature low-concentration liquid outlet of the first intermediate heat exchanger 5 is communicated with the medium-temperature low-concentration liquid inlet of the solution regenerator 8 through the second circulating pump 6; the high-temperature high-concentration liquid outlet of the solution regenerator 8 is communicated with the high-temperature high-concentration liquid inlet of the first intermediate heat exchanger 5, and the medium-temperature high-concentration liquid outlet of the first intermediate heat exchanger 5 is communicated with the medium-temperature high-concentration liquid inlet of the solution dehumidifier 3 through the first circulating pump 4 to form a solution circulating loop of the dehumidification system;
the high-temperature cooling water vapor outlet of the solution tank of the generator 11 is communicated with the high-temperature cooling water vapor inlet of the condenser 12, the high-temperature concentrated solution outlet of the solution tank of the generator 11 is communicated with the high-temperature concentrated solution inlet of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15, the high-pressure cooling water outlet of the condenser 12 is communicated with the high-pressure cooling water inlet of the second throttle valve 18, the low-pressure cooling water outlet of the second throttle valve 18 is communicated with the evaporator 13, the cooling water vapor outlet of the evaporator 13 is communicated with the cooling water vapor inlet of the absorber 14, the medium-temperature concentrated solution outlet of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15 is communicated with the medium-temperature concentrated solution inlet of the absorber 14, the low-temperature dilute solution outlet of the absorber 14 is communicated with the low-temperature dilute solution inlet of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15 through the third circulating pump 17, and the medium-temperature dilute solution outlet of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15 is communicated with the medium-temperature dilute solution inlet of the solution tank of the generator 11 to form a solution circulating loop of the refrigerating system;
the micro-mist multi-nozzle array 19 is fixedly arranged at the inner top of the micro-mist humidifying tower 20, a high-temperature dry air outlet of the air duct heater 9 is communicated with a high-temperature dry air inlet of the micro-mist humidifying tower 20, an air outlet at the top of the micro-mist humidifying tower 20 is communicated with an outdoor environment, an outlet at the bottom of the micro-mist humidifying tower 20 is communicated with an inlet of the liquid storage tank 22, and an outlet of the liquid storage tank 22 is communicated with the micro-mist multi-nozzle array 19 through the fourth circulating pump 21;
the high-temperature cooling water outlet of the condenser 12 is communicated with the high-temperature cooling water inlet of the solution regenerator 8, and the low-temperature cooling water outlet of the solution regenerator 8 is communicated with the low-temperature cooling water inlet of the condenser 12 to form a cooling water circulation loop; the low-temperature frozen water outlet of the evaporator 13 is communicated with the low-temperature frozen water inlet of the solution dehumidifier 3, and the high-temperature frozen water outlet of the solution dehumidifier 3 is communicated with the high-temperature frozen water inlet of the evaporator 13 to form an evaporation circulation loop;
when the device works, ambient air enters the dust removal chamber 2 from the first fan 1, dust is removed firstly, then enters the dehumidifying device for deep dehumidification, and meanwhile, the absorption refrigerating device cools the dehumidified solution; the dehumidified low-temperature and low-humidity air passes through the air duct heater 9 to form high-temperature and low-humidity hot dry air; the dehumidified and heated hot dry air enters a micro-mist humidifying device, finally forms wet air containing low-radioactivity waste liquid through a multi-stage humidifier, and is discharged into the atmosphere.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
the first intermediate heat exchanger 5 and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15 are shell-and-tube heat exchangers.
The solution regenerator 8 is of the cross-flow type; the solution dehumidifier 3 is a cross-flow type internal cooling type solution dehumidifier.
The solution used in the dehumidifying device is one of lithium bromide solution, lithium chloride solution and calcium chloride solution.
The solution used in the absorption refrigeration device is one of lithium bromide solution and ammonia water solution.
The generator 11 includes a heat source 10 and a solution tank, and evaporates a solution in the solution tank by heating to generate refrigerant vapor.
The air duct heater 9 is a steam type heater.
The heat source of the absorption refrigeration and the heat source of the air duct heater are one of an electric heating boiler, a municipal heat pipe network, process steam, a gas boiler, a solar heat source and industrial waste heat.
The flow direction of air and liquid in the micro-mist humidifying tower 20 is arranged in a countercurrent mode; the micro-mist humidifying tower 20 is divided into three stages, a high-pressure micro-mist nozzle array is paved at the lowest stage, and the micro-mist humidifying is utilized to carry out primary carrying on waste liquid by air; the middle stage is paved with a high-pressure micro-fog nozzle array and an intermediate filler layer, so that the air fully carries waste liquid; the uppermost packing layer is paved at the uppermost stage to prevent liquid waste liquid from being wrapped and clamped out.
The middle filler and the uppermost filler are PP hexagonal honeycomb inclined tube fillers.
The working mechanism of the invention is described as follows:
the front end of the invention is provided with a solution dehumidifying device, after the ambient air enters a dust removing chamber 2 from a first fan 1 to remove dust, the ambient air is deeply dehumidified by a concentrated salt solution with a moisture absorption function in the solution dehumidifying device, the difference between the surface steam pressure of the concentrated salt solution and the steam partial pressure in the air to be treated is used as the power for moisture migration, and the concentrated salt solution is in direct contact with the air, so that the moisture in the air is absorbed into the solution; the dehumidified low-temperature and low-humidity air passes through the air duct heater 9 and is heated by hot steam to form high-temperature and low-humidity hot dry air; the dehumidified and heated hot dry air enters a micro-mist humidifying device, finally forms wet air containing low-radioactivity waste liquid through a multi-stage humidifier, and is discharged into the atmosphere. The solution dehumidifying device additionally arranged avoids the problem of cold and hot offset of reheating after condensation dehumidification supercooling, increases energy utilization efficiency, reduces moisture content of ambient air, increases moisture absorption capacity of the ambient air in the multi-stage humidifier, increases humidifying efficiency, and improves carrying capacity of the device on tritium-containing wastewater.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
1. the solution dehumidifying device is additionally arranged, so that the traditional one-step method is changed into the two-step method, and the air carrying capacity is improved, thereby improving the operability of the system in severe environments such as low temperature, high humidity and the like. Theoretical calculation proves that the invention has the beneficial effects that the dehumidification system solution is lithium bromide solution with the initial concentration of 50%, the refrigeration system solution is lithium bromide solution with the initial concentration of 60%, and typical environmental conditions in summer are taken as examples. The environmental air with the moisture content of 16 g/kg in the device is dehumidified to a low-humidity state of 3 g/kg in the solution dehumidification system, and compared with the moisture content of the environmental air before the solution dehumidification system is additionally arranged, the moisture content of the environmental air is reduced by 81.3%, so that the moisture absorption capacity of the environmental air is effectively improved, and the system can operate in a high-humidity environment.
1. The invention adopts a mode of combining a high-efficiency micro-mist humidifying tower with a multi-nozzle micro-mist array to lead tritium-containing wastewater to be in micron-sized liquid dropsIn the form of spraying into hot dry air, realizing grading arrangement on a humidifying tower, realizing multistage humidification of air in a micro-mist humidifying tower, and simultaneously increasing the contact area of air and waste liquid by filling arranged in the tower, wherein the humidifying efficiency is improved by 21.2 percent and 400 m percent compared with the prior art 3 The carrying capacity of tritium-containing wastewater under the air quantity per hour can reach 7.8 kg/h, which is 24.8 percent higher than that of the prior art.
2. Compared with the traditional device for carrying waste liquid by air, the invention has the advantages that the heat source of the air duct heater can be low-quality energy; the solution regeneration is carried out on the regenerative heat source of the dehumidification system by adopting the refrigeration condensation heat of absorption refrigeration, the energy utilization efficiency is improved by 11.6%, and the method is a good clean, environment-friendly and renewable energy utilization mode and has good popularization value and application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an aftertreatment system of the present disclosure.
Number in fig. 1: the device comprises a first fan 1, a dust removal chamber 2, a solution dehumidifier 3, a first circulating pump 4, a first intermediate heat exchanger 5, a second circulating pump 6, a second fan 7, a solution regenerator 8, an air duct heater 9, a heat source 10, a generator 11, a condenser 12, an evaporator 13, an absorber 14, a second intermediate heat exchanger 15, a first throttle valve 16, a third circulating pump 17, a second throttle valve 18, a micro-mist multi-nozzle array 19, a micro-mist humidifying tower 20, a fourth circulating pump 21, a liquid storage tank 22, a dehumidifying device I, an absorption refrigerating device II and a high-efficiency micro-mist humidifying device III.
Description of the embodiments
The present invention is further illustrated in the accompanying drawings and detailed description which are to be understood as being merely illustrative of the invention and not limiting of its scope, and various equivalent modifications to the invention will fall within the scope of the appended claims to the skilled person after reading the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a post-treatment system for tritium-containing wastewater carried by air comprises a solution dehumidifying device I, an absorption refrigerating device II and a high-efficiency micro-mist humidifying device III.
The solution dehumidifying device comprises a first fan 1, a dust removal chamber 2, a solution dehumidifier 3, a first circulating pump 4, a first intermediate heat exchanger 5, a second circulating pump 6, a second fan 7, a solution regenerator 8 and a wind channel heater 9.
The absorption refrigeration device comprises a heat source 10, a generator 11, a condenser 12, an evaporator 13, an absorber 14, a second intermediate heat exchanger 15, a first throttle valve 16, a third circulation pump 17 and a second throttle valve 18.
The micro-mist humidifying device comprises a micro-mist multi-nozzle array 19, a micro-mist humidifying tower 20, a fourth circulating pump 21 and a liquid storage tank 22.
The solution regenerator 8 is of the cross-flow type; the solution dehumidifier 3 is a cross-flow type internal cooling type solution dehumidifier.
The first intermediate heat exchanger 5 and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15 are shell-and-tube heat exchangers.
The generator 11 is a device for generating refrigerant vapor by evaporating a solution by heating, which is composed of a heat source 10, a lithium bromide solution and a solution tank.
The air duct heater 9 is a steam type heater.
The solution used by the solution dehumidifying device I is lithium bromide solution with initial concentration of 50%.
The solution used by the absorption refrigeration device II is lithium bromide solution with initial concentration of 60 percent.
The heat sources of the absorption refrigeration heat source and the air duct heater are electric heating boilers.
The direction of air and liquid flow in the micro-mist humidification tower 20 is counter-current. The micro-mist humidifying tower 20 is divided into three stages, a high-pressure micro-mist nozzle array is paved at the lowest stage, and the micro-mist humidifying is utilized to carry out primary carrying on waste liquid by air; the middle stage is paved with a high-pressure micro-fog nozzle array and an intermediate filler layer, so that the air fully carries waste liquid; the uppermost packing layer is paved at the uppermost stage to prevent liquid waste liquid from being wrapped and clamped out. The middle filler and the uppermost filler are PP hexagonal honeycomb inclined tube fillers.
The second fan 7 is arranged outside the solution regenerator 8, outdoor air enters the solution regenerator 8 under the action of the second fan 7, and the outdoor air and the high-temperature low-concentration lithium bromide solution are subjected to heat-humidity exchange in the solution regenerator 8 to complete the solution regeneration process.
The generator 11 includes a heat source 10 and a solution tank, and evaporates a solution in the solution tank by heating to generate refrigerant vapor.
The specific connection relation of the three devices is as follows:
the air duct inlet of the first fan 1 is communicated with the outdoor environment, the air duct outlet of the first fan 1 is communicated with the air duct inlet of the dust chamber 2, the air duct outlet of the dust chamber 2 is communicated with the solution dehumidifier 3, and the solution dehumidifier 3 is connected with the air duct heater 9. The low-temperature low-concentration outlet of the solution dehumidifier 3 is communicated with the low-temperature low-concentration liquid inlet of the first intermediate heat exchanger 5, the medium-temperature low-concentration liquid outlet of the first intermediate heat exchanger 5 is communicated with the medium-temperature low-concentration liquid inlet of the solution regenerator 8 through the second circulating pump 6, the high-temperature high-concentration liquid outlet of the solution regenerator 8 is communicated with the high-temperature high-concentration liquid inlet of the first intermediate heat exchanger 5, and the medium-temperature high-concentration liquid outlet of the first intermediate heat exchanger 5 is communicated with the medium-temperature high-concentration liquid inlet of the solution dehumidifier 3 through the first circulating pump 4, so that a solution circulating loop of the dehumidification system is formed.
The high-temperature cooling water vapor outlet of the solution tank of the generator 11 is communicated with the high-temperature refrigerant water vapor inlet of the condenser 12, and the high-temperature concentrated solution outlet of the solution tank of the generator 11 is communicated with the high-temperature concentrated solution inlet of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15; the high-pressure cooling water outlet of the condenser 12 is communicated with the high-pressure cooling water inlet of the second throttle valve 18, the low-pressure cooling water outlet of the second throttle valve 18 is communicated with the evaporator 13, the cooling water vapor outlet of the evaporator 13 is communicated with the cooling water vapor inlet of the absorber 14, the medium-temperature concentrated solution outlet of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15 is communicated with the medium-temperature concentrated solution inlet of the absorber 14, the low-temperature dilute solution outlet of the absorber 14 is communicated with the low-temperature dilute solution inlet of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15 through the third circulating pump 17, and the medium-temperature dilute solution outlet of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15 is communicated with the medium-temperature dilute solution inlet of the solution tank of the generator 11 to form a refrigerating system solution circulating loop.
The top is equipped with little fog multi-nozzle array 19 in the little fog humidification tower 20, and the high temperature dry air outlet of wind channel heater 9 is linked together little fog humidification tower 20's high temperature dry air inlet, and little fog humidification tower 20 top air outlet is linked together outdoor environment, and little fog humidification tower 20's bottom outlet is linked together liquid storage pot 22 import, and liquid storage pot 22 export is linked together little fog multi-nozzle array 19 through fourth circulating pump 21.
The high-temperature cooling water outlet of the condenser 12 is communicated with the high-temperature cooling water inlet of the solution regenerator 8, and the low-temperature cooling water outlet of the solution regenerator 8 is communicated with the low-temperature cooling water inlet of the condenser 12 to form a cooling circulation loop. The low-temperature chilled water outlet of the evaporator 13 is communicated with the low-temperature chilled water inlet of the solution dehumidifier 3, and the high-temperature chilled water outlet of the solution dehumidifier 3 is communicated with the high-temperature chilled water inlet of the evaporator 13, so as to form an evaporation circulation loop.
The invention utilizes low-temperature waste heat to carry out absorption refrigeration, the condensation heat is used for regenerating a dehumidifying solution, the cold energy is used for the dehumidifying process of the solution, the solution dehumidifying device is coupled with the absorption refrigerating device to control the air humidity, the air humidity is regulated by regulating the spraying amount of the solution dehumidifying device and the refrigerating capacity of the absorption refrigerating device, the heating power of the air duct heater is regulated to regulate the temperature, the independent control of the temperature and the humidity is realized, the environment-adaptive emission control strategy is assisted, the system can continuously operate under the low-temperature high-humidity environment condition, the utilization range of the environment air is enlarged, and the system stability is improved. The heat source of the air duct heater and the heat of the absorption refrigeration system are derived from low-quality energy, so that the energy consumption is reduced.
The working principle of the invention is described in detail as follows:
in the absorption refrigeration device II, lithium bromide dilute solution in a solution tank of the generator 11 is heated by a heat source 10 to form high-temperature water vapor, the water vapor enters a condenser 12 to be condensed into condensed water, heat is transferred to cooling water, the condensed water enters an evaporator 13 after being throttled by a second throttle valve 18, cold energy is transferred to chilled water after the evaporator 13 finishes evaporation refrigeration, and the water vapor generated by the evaporator 13 enters an absorber 14. The solution in the solution tank of the generator 11 is heated by a heat source to form a high-temperature lithium bromide concentrated solution, the high-temperature lithium bromide concentrated solution exchanges heat with the low-temperature lithium bromide dilute solution from the absorber 14 in the second intermediate heat exchanger 15, and the high-temperature lithium bromide concentrated solution enters the absorber 14 through the first throttle valve 16 and is diluted by water vapor from the evaporator 13. The low-temperature lithium bromide dilute solution in the absorber 14 passes through the third circulation pump 17 and enters the solution tank of the generator 11 after heat exchange, thus completing the absorption refrigeration cycle.
In the solution dehumidification device I, ambient air enters a dust removal chamber 2 through a first fan 1, and after dust removal, the ambient air is subjected to heat-moisture exchange with lithium bromide concentrated solution through a solution dehumidifier 3 to form dry low-temperature air, and then the dry air is formed into hot dry air through an air duct heater 9 to enter a high-efficiency micro-mist humidification device III. The lithium bromide concentrated solution is diluted into lithium bromide diluted solution after heat-moisture exchange with ambient air in the solution dehumidifier 3, cold energy is provided by chilled water from the evaporator 13, the lithium bromide diluted solution is firstly subjected to heat exchange with high-temperature concentrated lithium bromide solution from the solution regenerator 8 in the first intermediate heat exchanger 5 through the second circulating pump 6, then enters the solution regenerator 8 to complete a regeneration process with the ambient air, heat energy is provided by the chilled water from the condenser 12, and the lithium bromide concentrated solution formed after regeneration sequentially enters the first intermediate heat exchanger 5 and the solution dehumidifier 3 through the first circulating pump 4 to complete a solution dehumidification cycle.
In the efficient micro-mist humidifying device III, hot dry air from the air duct heater 9 enters the micro-mist humidifying tower 20, the bottom of the micro-mist humidifying tower is communicated with the liquid storage tank 22, tritium-containing wastewater in the liquid storage tank 22 enters the micro-mist multi-nozzle array 19 through the fourth circulating pump 21, micro-scale liquid drops are formed by the tritium-containing wastewater through the micro-mist multi-nozzle array 19 to carry out heat and mass exchange with the hot dry air, unvaporized waste liquid enters the bottom of the micro-mist humidifying tower 20 to carry out humidification and recirculation, the amount of waste liquid is continuously reduced along with the continuous entering of ambient air into the micro-mist humidifying tower 20, the hot dry air forms a discharge state under an environment-adaptive discharge control strategy, and the waste liquid is discharged into the environment from the top of the micro-mist humidifying tower 20. Through experimental measurement and calculation, the ambient air with different humiture can be dehumidified to 3 g/kg, the outlet air of the micro-mist humidifying tower 20 can be humidified to 50-100% of high-humidity air, and the humidifying efficiency can reach 90%,400 and 400 m 3 The carrying capacity of the waste liquid under the air quantity/h can reach 7.8 kg/h, the carrying capacity is improved by 24.8% compared with the prior art, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved by 11.6%.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. An air carrier tape tritium-containing wastewater system suitable for spent fuel aftertreatment, which is characterized in that: comprises a dehumidifying device, an absorption refrigerating device and a high-efficiency micro-fog humidifying device;
the dehumidifying device comprises a first fan (1), a dust chamber (2), a solution dehumidifier (3), a first circulating pump (4), a first intermediate heat exchanger (5), a second circulating pump (6), a second fan (7), a solution regenerator (8) and a wind channel heater (9);
the solution used in the dehumidifying device is one of lithium bromide solution, lithium chloride solution and calcium chloride solution;
the absorption refrigeration device comprises a heat source (10), a generator (11), a condenser (12), an evaporator (13), an absorber (14), a second intermediate heat exchanger (15), a first throttle valve (16), a third circulating pump (17) and a second throttle valve (18);
the solution used in the absorption refrigeration device is one of lithium bromide solution and ammonia water solution;
the efficient micro-mist humidifying device comprises a micro-mist multi-nozzle array (19), a micro-mist humidifying tower (20), a fourth circulating pump (21) and a liquid storage tank (22);
the air duct inlet of the first fan (1) is communicated with the outdoor environment, the air duct outlet of the first fan (1) is communicated with the air duct inlet of the dust removing chamber (2), the air duct outlet of the dust removing chamber (2) is connected with the solution dehumidifier (3), and the outlet of the solution dehumidifier (3) is communicated with the inlet of the air duct heater (9); the low-temperature low-concentration outlet of the solution dehumidifier (3) is communicated with the low-temperature low-concentration liquid inlet of the first intermediate heat exchanger (5), and the medium-temperature low-concentration liquid outlet of the first intermediate heat exchanger (5) is communicated with the medium-temperature low-concentration liquid inlet of the solution regenerator (8) through the second circulating pump (6); the high-temperature high-concentration liquid outlet of the solution regenerator (8) is communicated with the high-temperature high-concentration liquid inlet of the first intermediate heat exchanger (5), and the medium-temperature high-concentration liquid outlet of the first intermediate heat exchanger (5) is communicated with the medium-temperature high-concentration liquid inlet of the solution dehumidifier (3) through the first circulating pump (4) to form a solution circulating loop of the dehumidification system;
the high-temperature cooling water vapor outlet of the solution tank of the generator (11) is communicated with the high-temperature cooling water vapor inlet of the condenser (12), the high-temperature concentrated solution outlet of the solution tank of the generator (11) is communicated with the high-temperature concentrated solution inlet of the second intermediate heat exchanger (15), the high-pressure cooling water outlet of the condenser (12) is communicated with the high-pressure cooling water inlet of the second throttle valve (18), the low-pressure cooling water outlet of the second throttle valve (18) is communicated with the evaporator (13), the cooling water vapor outlet of the evaporator (13) is communicated with the cooling water vapor inlet of the absorber (14), the medium-temperature concentrated solution outlet of the second intermediate heat exchanger (15) is communicated with the medium-temperature concentrated solution inlet of the absorber (14), the low-temperature dilute solution outlet of the absorber (14) is communicated with the low-temperature dilute solution inlet of the second intermediate heat exchanger (15) through the third circulating pump (17), and the medium-temperature dilute solution outlet of the second intermediate heat exchanger (15) is communicated with the medium-temperature dilute solution inlet of the generator (11) to form a refrigerating loop;
the micro-mist multi-nozzle array (19) is fixedly arranged at the inner top of the micro-mist humidifying tower (20), a high-temperature dry air outlet of the air duct heater (9) is communicated with a high-temperature dry air inlet of the micro-mist humidifying tower (20), an air outlet at the top of the micro-mist humidifying tower (20) is communicated with an outdoor environment, an outlet at the bottom of the micro-mist humidifying tower (20) is communicated with an inlet of the liquid storage tank (22), and an outlet of the liquid storage tank (22) is communicated with the micro-mist multi-nozzle array (19) through a fourth circulating pump (21); the high-temperature cooling water outlet of the condenser (12) is communicated with the high-temperature cooling water inlet of the solution regenerator (8), and the low-temperature cooling water outlet of the solution regenerator (8) is communicated with the low-temperature cooling water inlet of the condenser (12) to form a cooling water circulation loop; the low-temperature frozen water outlet of the evaporator (13) is communicated with the low-temperature frozen water inlet of the solution dehumidifier (3), and the high-temperature frozen water outlet of the solution dehumidifier (3) is communicated with the high-temperature frozen water inlet of the evaporator (13) to form an evaporation circulation loop;
the flow direction of air and liquid in the micro-mist humidifying tower (20) is arranged in a countercurrent mode; the micro-mist humidifying tower (20) is divided into three stages, a high-pressure micro-mist nozzle array is paved at the lowest stage, and the micro-mist humidifying tower is utilized to humidify air to carry out primary waste liquid carrying; the middle stage is paved with a high-pressure micro-fog nozzle array and an intermediate filler layer, so that the air fully carries waste liquid; the uppermost filling layer is paved at the uppermost stage to prevent liquid waste liquid from being wrapped and clamped;
the middle filler and the uppermost filler are PP hexagonal honeycomb inclined tube fillers;
the first intermediate heat exchanger (5) and the second intermediate heat exchanger (15) are shell-and-tube heat exchangers;
the solution regenerator (8) is of a cross-flow type; the solution dehumidifier (3) is a cross-flow type internal cooling solution dehumidifier; the generator (11) comprises a heat source (10) and a solution tank, and the solution in the solution tank is evaporated by heating to generate refrigerant steam;
when the device works, ambient air enters a dust removing chamber (2) from a first fan (1), dust is removed firstly, then enters a dehumidifying device for deep dehumidification, and meanwhile, an absorption refrigerating device cools a dehumidifying solution; the dehumidified low-temperature and low-humidity air passes through an air duct heater (9) to form high-temperature and low-humidity hot dry air; the dehumidified and heated hot dry air enters a micro-mist humidifying device, finally forms wet air containing low-radioactivity waste liquid through a multi-stage humidifier, and is discharged into the atmosphere.
2. An air-borne tritium-containing wastewater system suitable for post-treatment of spent fuel according to claim 1, wherein: the air duct heater (9) is a steam type heater.
3. An air-borne tritium-containing wastewater system suitable for post-treatment of spent fuel according to claim 1, wherein: the heat source of the absorption refrigeration and the heat source of the air duct heater are one of an electric heating boiler, a municipal heat pipe network, process steam, a gas boiler, a solar heat source and industrial waste heat.
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