CN113854949A - 基于宫腔镜的光声成像系统及其工作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出一种基于宫腔镜的光声成像系统及其工作方法,将光声系统的激发光源耦合到宫腔镜中以实现光声/白光双模成像;可调谐波长的脉冲激光经宫腔镜光源接口,抵达子宫腔内激励腔壁及周边组织进而产生光声信号;光声信号经腹壁组织层传输后则由位于体外的阵列超声换能器所采集,用于反演出病变组织的3D图像。实现光声与白光双模成像。有效地显示病变组织的形态、大小和部位,确定癌组织的侵犯范围,从而可以更精准地进行术前分期,在手术前正确估计手术切除的可能性,以避免不必要的探查,并为不能手术的患者开展综合治疗或放疗提供客观依据。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及内窥技术领域,尤其涉及一种基于基于宫腔镜的光声成像系统及其工作方法。
背景技术
当前子宫检查的常规手段主要有细胞学涂片、宫腔镜辅助下子宫内膜活检等。宫腔镜是一种微创性妇科诊疗技术,用于子宫腔内检测和治疗的一种光源内窥镜。活检技术可以提供确定的病理诊断信息,是目前子宫内膜癌检查确诊的金标准。然而,子宫内膜活检属于有创检查,不能作为常规筛查手段,也无法确定病灶的大小和浸润程度。在影像学方面,子宫检查主要包括:超声/彩超检查,具有无创、快捷、经济和反复排查等优势,但特异性较低,无法区分声阻抗相同而病理实质不同的靶标;X射线计算机断层扫描,具有良好的空间分辨率,但存在辐射危险;核磁共振成像(MRI),具有很好的软组织对比度,是子宫内膜癌成像、分期、术前评估的有效检查工具,但其检查耗时长、花费高,且设备体积大,无法进行便携式操作;正电子发射成像(PET),需要注射放射性物质,灵敏度高,但特异性不强,主要用于观察有无肿瘤转移。这些检测手段各有利弊,在子宫肿瘤的普及性的筛查中受到局限。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺陷和不足,本发明提出了一种基于宫腔镜的光声成像系统及其工作方法,主要包括:宫腔镜主镜体、光声成像模块和控制与处理模块等部分。本发明的基于光声成像的宫腔镜系统可以实现普通白光成像和光声成像两种模式成像,优选通过在光源入口增加一个准直透镜,以提高光声成像中脉冲光源的耦合率。光声成像能提供子宫内膜1-5 cm深度内的组织结构信息,可探测发生在子宫皮下的早期癌变,为子宫内膜癌等子宫腔内疾病的早期诊断提供了重要手段。此外,宫腔镜主镜体前端内置弥散型的器件,可实现远场的成像范围,即在子宫内,白光/光声激发光源是1.45π立体角的范围。
其具体采用以下技术方案:
一种基于宫腔镜的光声成像系统,其特征在于:将光声系统的激发光源耦合到宫腔镜中以实现光声/白光双模成像;可调谐波长的脉冲激光经宫腔镜光源接口,抵达子宫腔内激励腔壁及周边组织进而产生光声信号;光声信号经腹壁组织层传输后则由位于体外的阵列超声换能器所采集,用于反演出病变组织的3D图像。
该系统的构成包括:宫腔镜主镜体模块、光声成像模块、以及控制与处理模块;
所述的宫腔镜主镜体模块包括镜体前端探头、光源接口、白光照明光源和白光成像接口、相机、液体介质流入和流出通道、以及组织活检镊的活检通道;所述白光照明光源发出的白光由光源接口进入镜体前端成像探头后返回至白光成像接口由相机成像获得相应的白光成像图像信息;最后传输至后台系统当中进行分析。
所述的光声成像模块包括脉冲激光器、阵列超声换能器、换能器数控控制台、超声阵列传感系统、以及数据存储器;置于子宫腔外的所述阵列超声换能器收集来自子宫所产生的光声信号,通过超声阵列传感系统,存储数据;
所述的控制与处理模块用于控制脉冲激光器光源和白光的切换,控制脉冲激光器能量输出,获取白光成像和光声成像的数据,控制用于处理数据存储器的光学数据重构三维图像。
进一步地,所述宫腔镜主体镜模块的光源包括白光照明光源和脉冲激光光源;所述白光照明光源和脉冲激光光源由同一个宫腔镜主镜体的接口入光,白光和激光的控制由工作站切换,在光源入口设置有一个准直透镜,以提高光声成像中脉冲光源的耦合率。
进一步地,所述宫腔镜主体前端部分设置有白光探测镜头通道、液体介质流入通道、组织活检通道和光源通道。具体宫腔镜主体先端部可以采用圆弧钝形结构。
进一步地,所述光源通道嵌入折射率为1.5的体光珊,以实现白光和脉冲激光均匀地弥散照射宫腔内组织。
进一步地,所述脉冲激光器采用波长可调谐的Nd:YAG激光系统。波长可调谐激光系统提供泵浦激光波长(1064 / 532 nm)输出和单独输出闲置光 (660-2300 nm),脉冲频率为20Hz,脉宽为5ns,最高输出能量可达200mJ。
进一步地,所述超声阵列传感系统具有128个阵元,带宽为5-14MHz,聚焦深度范围为2-9cm,数据采集的采样频率为40MHz。
进一步地,所述换能器数控控制台采用为三轴电动的电控平移台,用于对阵列超声换能器探头进行位置和姿态的三维调节。
进一步地,在宫腔镜主体注入少许膨宫液,并将宫腔镜镜头置入;之后按不同介质所需的压力及速度由液体介质流入和流出通道注入膨宫液,使宫腔充盈,视野明亮;白光照明由光经白光探测镜头通道输出,白光图像经过白光成像物镜返回到成像相机采集。
进一步地,所述脉冲激光器发出光经过光源入口进入宫腔镜前端经由体光珊弥散后到达子宫腔内,阵列超声换能器探头在子宫腔外通过耦合剂耦合探测子宫腔内光声信号;所述阵列超声换能器探头获取的信号经过超声阵列传感系统,由数据存储器存储数据。
本发明及其优选方案实现光声与白光双模成像。在施行硬质宫腔镜手术时,可以在扩宫器的帮助下硬质宫腔镜导入宫腔内,在光学系统的直视下实现宫腔内组织形态,但无法探测皮下组织的病变情况。利用光声成像可有效地显示病变组织的形态、大小和部位,确定癌组织的侵犯范围,从而可以更准确地进行术前分期,在手术前正确估计手术切除的可能性,以避免不必要的探查,并为不能手术的患者开展综合治疗或放疗提供客观依据。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进一步详细的说明:
图1是本发明实施例宫腔镜的光声成像系统原理和结构示意图;
图2是本发明实施例基于宫腔镜的光声成像系统中宫腔镜主镜体的结构示意图。
其中,1-宫腔镜主体模块;2-光声成像模块;3-控制处理模块;101:宫腔镜前端;1011:白光成像物镜;1012/1013:液体介质流入/流出通道;1014:活检手术通道;1015:体光珊弥散介质;102:光源入口;103:白光光源;104:第一流体出入口;105:第二流体出入口;106:白光成像相机;107:组织活检镊的活检通道;201:脉冲激光器;202:阵列超声换能器;203:超声换能器数控控制台;204:线性阵列传感器;205:光声信号数据存储器;301:系统控制台。
具体实施方式
为让本专利的特征和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举实施例,并配合附图,作详细说明如下:
本发明最关键的构思在于:把光声系统的激发光源耦合到宫腔镜中以实现光声/白光双模成像,使之适用于子宫肿瘤的无损功能成像检测及分期。可调谐波长的脉冲激光经宫腔镜光源接口,抵达子宫腔内激励腔壁及周边组织进而产生光声信号。光声信号经腹壁组织层传输后则由体外腹部的阵列超声换能器所采集,可反演出病变组织的3D图像。在保留原有宫腔镜功能的情况下,光声成像的导入可有效地显示子宫腔内病变组织的部位、形态、大小以及深度,确定癌组织的侵犯范围,以更好的切除。
由宫腔镜白光成像锁定病变组织的位置,由光声成像确定病变组织的形态,大小,深度等信息,有效实现子宫肌瘤等病变组织被有效,全面的检测。
如图1、图2所示,本实施例提供的基于光声成像的宫腔镜系统,包括控制处理模块3,宫腔镜模块1,光声成像模块2。
控制处理模块3包括工作站,图像分析处理软件,系统控制台301等部分,并可以根据实际需要进行扩展。
具体地,宫腔镜模块1包括宫腔镜前端101,光源入口102,白光光源103,液体介质进出口104、105(包括第一流体出入口104、第二流体出入口105),白光成像相机106,组织活检镊的活检通道107。在宫腔镜检查之前由104和105注入液体介质到子宫腔内,由白光光源103通过光源入口102到宫腔镜前端101的光源再经体光珊弥散介质1015辐照子宫腔,宫腔镜前端101中的白光成像物镜1011以及106白光成像相机获得的图像显示于控制处理模块3中。
光声成像模块2包括脉冲激光器201,阵列超声换能器202;超声换能器数控控制台203;线性阵列传感器204;光声信号数据存储器205;脉冲激光器201发出光经过光源入口102进入宫腔镜前端101经由体光珊弥散介质1015弥散后到达子宫腔内激发变异样品,阵列超声换能器202探头在子宫腔外通过耦合剂耦合探测子宫腔内光声信号。探头获取的信号经过线性阵列传感器203,由光声信号数据存储器204触发存储数据,再由控制与处理器301进行分析。
如图2所示,在本实施例中,宫腔镜主镜体包含镜体前端101,白光光源和脉冲激光光源入口102,用于灌流液体介质出入口104和105,用于白光成像接口106,用于插入组织活检镊的活检通道107。成像前,先从104/105注入少许膨宫液,并将宫腔镜镜头置入。后按不同介质所需的压力及速度由104(液体介质流入/流出通道1012对应104的出口)/105(液体介质流入/流出通道1013对应105的出口)注入膨宫液,使宫腔充盈,视野明亮。白光照明由光经103输出,白光图像经过白光成像物镜1011返回到成像相机106采集。由此得到宫腔镜白光成像的结果。在需要切除的时候,从组织活检镊的活检通道107插入活检镊到宫腔镜前端的活检手术通道1014出口进行操作。1015是折射率为1.5的体光栅嵌入101中。
本发明的工作过程为:在宫腔镜主体注入少许膨宫液,并将宫腔镜镜头101置入。后按不同介质所需的压力及速度由104(1012对应104的出口)/105(1013对应105的出口)注入膨宫液,使宫腔充盈,视野明亮。白光照明由光经103(1015对应103的出口)输出,白光图像经过白光成像物镜1011返回到成像相机106采集,后显示于控制处理模块3中。脉冲激光器201发出光经过光源入口102进入宫腔镜前端101经由1015弥散后到达子宫腔内激发变异样品,阵列超声换能器202探头在子宫腔外通过耦合剂耦合探测子宫腔内光声信号。探头获取的信号经过线性阵列传感器204,由数据存储器205触发存储数据,再由系统控制台301进行分析。由此可以有效的获得光声/白光双模成像以有效探测病变组织的精准位置,通过双模分析可以精确获取病变组织的形态、大小和部位。
从上述描述可知,本发明的有益效果在于:实现光声与白光双模成像。有效地显示病变组织的形态、大小和部位,确定癌组织的侵犯范围,从而可以更精准地进行术前分期,在手术前正确估计手术切除的可能性,以避免不必要的探查,并为不能手术的患者开展综合治疗或放疗提供客观依据。
本专利不局限于上述最佳实施方式,任何人在本专利的启示下都可以得出其它各种形式的基于宫腔镜的光声成像系统及其工作方法,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本专利的涵盖范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种基于宫腔镜的光声成像系统,其特征在于:将光声系统的激发光源耦合到宫腔镜中以实现光声/白光双模成像;可调谐波长的脉冲激光经宫腔镜光源接口,抵达子宫腔内激励腔壁及周边组织进而产生光声信号;光声信号经腹壁组织层传输后则由位于体外的阵列超声换能器所采集,用于反演出病变组织的3D图像。
2.一种基于宫腔镜的光声成像系统,其特征在于:包括:宫腔镜主镜体模块、光声成像模块、以及控制与处理模块;
所述的宫腔镜主镜体模块包括镜体前端探头、光源接口、白光照明光源和白光成像接口、相机、液体介质流入和流出通道、以及组织活检镊的活检通道;所述白光照明光源发出的白光由光源接口进入镜体前端成像探头后返回至白光成像接口由相机成像获得相应的白光成像图像信息;
所述的光声成像模块包括脉冲激光器、阵列超声换能器、换能器数控控制台、超声阵列传感系统、以及数据存储器;置于子宫腔外的所述阵列超声换能器收集来自子宫所产生的光声信号,通过超声阵列传感系统,存储数据;
所述的控制与处理模块用于控制脉冲激光器光源和白光的切换,控制脉冲激光器能量输出,获取白光成像和光声成像的数据,控制用于处理数据存储器的光学数据重构三维图像。
3.根据权利要求2所述的基于宫腔镜的光声成像系统,其特征在于:所述宫腔镜主体镜模块的光源包括白光照明光源和脉冲激光光源;所述白光照明光源和脉冲激光光源由同一个宫腔镜主镜体的接口入光,白光和激光的控制由工作站切换,在光源入口设置有一个准直透镜,以提高光声成像中脉冲光源的耦合率。
4.根据权利要求2所述的基于宫腔镜的光声成像系统,其特征在于:所述宫腔镜主体前端部分设置有白光探测镜头通道、液体介质流入通道、组织活检通道和光源通道。
5.根据权利要求4所述的基于宫腔镜的光声成像系统,其特征在于:所述光源通道嵌入折射率为1.5的体光珊,以实现白光和脉冲激光均匀地弥散照射宫腔内组织。
6.根据权利要求2所述的基于宫腔镜的光声成像系统,其特征在于:所述脉冲激光器采用波长可调谐的Nd:YAG激光系统。
7.根据权利要求2所述的基于宫腔镜的光声成像系统,其特征在于:所述超声阵列传感系统具有128个阵元,带宽为5-14MHz,聚焦深度范围为2-9cm,数据采集的采样频率为40MHz。
8.根据权利要求2所述的基于宫腔镜的光声成像系统,其特征在于:所述换能器数控控制台采用为三轴电动的电控平移台,用于对阵列超声换能器探头进行位置和姿态的三维调节。
9.根据权利要求2所述的基于宫腔镜的光声成像系统的工作方法,其特征在于:在宫腔镜主体注入少许膨宫液,并将宫腔镜镜头置入;之后按不同介质所需的压力及速度由液体介质流入和流出通道注入膨宫液,使宫腔充盈,视野明亮;白光照明由光经白光探测镜头通道输出,白光图像经过白光成像物镜返回到成像相机采集。
10.根据权利要求2所述的基于宫腔镜的光声成像系统的工作方法,其特征在于:所述脉冲激光器发出光经过光源入口进入宫腔镜前端经由体光珊弥散后到达子宫腔内,阵列超声换能器探头在子宫腔外通过耦合剂耦合探测子宫腔内光声信号;所述阵列超声换能器探头获取的信号经过超声阵列传感系统,由数据存储器存储数据。
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