CN113854076A - Production method of selenium-rich rice - Google Patents
Production method of selenium-rich rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN113854076A CN113854076A CN202111318084.XA CN202111318084A CN113854076A CN 113854076 A CN113854076 A CN 113854076A CN 202111318084 A CN202111318084 A CN 202111318084A CN 113854076 A CN113854076 A CN 113854076A
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- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 223
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 223
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 222
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 214
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 214
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title description 3
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 213
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 17
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- UIGKOBGQTLLQBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-O tetraazanium;nitrate;phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O UIGKOBGQTLLQBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 5
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JHECKPXUCKQCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium;disodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Na+].[Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O JHECKPXUCKQCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropansäure Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 claims description 2
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Threonine Natural products CC(O)C(N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valine Natural products CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- CSGLCWIAEFNDIL-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;urea;nitrate Chemical compound [NH4+].NC(N)=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CSGLCWIAEFNDIL-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018977 lysine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004400 serine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008521 threonine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SHWNNYZBHZIQQV-UHFFFAOYSA-J EDTA monocalcium diisodium salt Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O SHWNNYZBHZIQQV-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- -1 small molecule amino acid Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 185
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000258937 Hemiptera Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000255777 Lepidoptera Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 206010039921 Selenium deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000021329 brown rice Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 4
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 3
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000002720 Malnutrition Diseases 0.000 description 2
- LQXZLHKVIRVBTC-UHFFFAOYSA-O [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[NH4+].[P] Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[NH4+].[P] LQXZLHKVIRVBTC-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
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- 201000004384 Alopecia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061692 Benign muscle neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000002177 Cataract Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000019926 Keshan disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000004458 Myoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010060860 Neurological symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000276569 Oryzias latipes Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010033645 Pancreatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000008425 Protein deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000360 alopecia Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000007502 anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003035 anti-peroxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000019425 cirrhosis of liver Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007728 cost analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017858 demethylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010520 demethylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008773 effect on children Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010016629 fibroma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000225 lethality Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000031225 myocardial ischemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000008482 osteoarthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000813 selenium containing inorganic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003748 selenium group Chemical group *[Se]* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a production method of selenium-rich rice, and relates to the technical field of agriculture. The production method of the selenium-rich rice comprises the following steps: in the planting process, selenium enrichment operation is carried out on rice which accounts for 10-20% of the total area, the selenium-enriched rice and the non-selenium-enriched rice are obtained after the rice is harvested, the selenium content in the selenium-enriched rice and the selenium-enriched rice are detected respectively, the dosage ratio of the selenium-enriched rice and the non-selenium-enriched rice is calculated according to the target selenium content, and then the selenium-enriched rice and the non-selenium-enriched rice which meet the dosage ratio requirement are mixed. The method remarkably reduces the cost and labor intensity of selenium-rich operation; can obtain the product with standardized selenium content, and is beneficial to the popularization of the selenium-rich rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a production method of selenium-rich rice.
Background
Selenium is an indispensable trace element in human bodies, selenium and vitamin E are anti-peroxidation substances, and have a treatment effect on children with malnutrition caused by protein deficiency and a resistance effect on certain possible carcinogenic substances. The selenium deficiency of human body is mainly manifested by alopecia and demethylation, and some patients have skin symptoms, and a few patients can have neurological symptoms and dental injuries. The human is low or medium in selenium deficiency, and the signs or symptoms are not obvious. Diseases possibly caused by selenium deficiency of human bodies: malnutrition due to energy deficiency, blood-soluble anemia, keshan disease, Kaschin-Beck disease, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, liver cirrhosis, pancreatitis, fibroma, cancer, myoma, infecundity, diabetes, cataract, etc. The world health organization has recognized the harm of selenium deficiency, so various selenium supplement health care products are produced in large quantity, but for modern people who seek health more and more, people tend to replace medicine supplement by food supplement.
The rice is staple food of China, and the selenium content of the rice is closely related to the selenium nutrition condition of human bodies. The rice is easy to store and can be sold for a long time, and consumers can supplement selenium for a longer time by eating the organic selenium rice for a long time, and the effect is more obvious. Therefore, the organic selenium rice is the best way for people to supplement selenium.
However, most of the existing rice selenium-rich methods are to spray selenium-containing inorganic salt on rice leaf surfaces, and the leaf surface spraying mode mainly has the following problems: (1) the application amount of the selenium fertilizer is high, the fertilizer cost and the labor cost are greatly increased, and the development of the selenium-rich rice industry is severely restricted; (2) the existing selenium-rich methods are all that the rice is directly packaged or eaten after being selenium-rich, and due to the particularity of agricultural production, the selenium content of the rice is unstable and is difficult to control, and the selenium-rich is difficult to standardize; (3) the rice selenium enrichment needs to increase the labor cost additionally, so that the enthusiasm of farmers can be greatly reduced, and the popularization of the selenium-enriched rice is influenced.
In addition, the current rice selenium enrichment method has the following problems: (1) the selenium utilization rate is low, the inorganic selenium residual quantity is large, and the selenium-rich effect is poor; (2) only the attention is paid to the selenium enrichment, the selenium enrichment is not organically combined with the improvement of the yield and the quality of the rice, and the popularization value of the selenium-enriched rice is also reduced.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a production method of selenium-enriched rice, which aims to remarkably reduce selenium-enriched cost and labor cost and enable the selenium content of a final product to reach the standardized requirement.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention provides a production method of selenium-enriched rice, which comprises the steps of planting and processing in sequence;
planting: in the planting process, selenium enrichment operation is carried out on rice accounting for 10-20% of the total area, and selenium-enriched rice and non-selenium-enriched rice are obtained after the rice is harvested;
processing: respectively detecting the selenium content in the selenium-rich rice and the non-selenium-rich rice, calculating the dosage ratio of the selenium-rich rice and the non-selenium-rich rice according to the target selenium content, and then mixing the selenium-rich rice and the non-selenium-rich rice which meet the dosage ratio requirement; the content of the target selenium is 0.1-0.3 mg/kg.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the selenium-rich operation is only carried out on the rice which occupies 10 to 20 percent of the total area in the planting process, so that the cost and the labor intensity of the selenium-rich operation are obviously reduced; after harvesting, testing the selenium content in the selenium-rich rice and the non-selenium-rich rice, calculating the dosage ratio of the selenium-rich rice and the non-selenium-rich rice according to the target selenium content, and mixing the selenium-rich rice and the non-selenium-rich rice meeting the dosage ratio requirement to obtain the product meeting the target selenium content. The method can obtain product with standardized selenium content, and is beneficial to popularization of selenium-rich rice.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The embodiment of the invention provides a production method of selenium-enriched rice, which comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment
The pretreatment is to carry out disinfection treatment and bud and root promotion treatment on seeds in sequence so as to prepare for subsequent seedling raising.
The rice seeds are selected based on the requirement of excellent planting, the seeds are selected from high-quality, high-yield and good-resistance varieties approved by the state or the province, the seed quality meets the regulations of the related national standards, and the yield and the quality of the planted rice seeds can be better ensured.
Wherein the sterilization treatment comprises: sun-drying the seeds, soaking the seeds by adopting a potassium permanganate solution with the mass fraction of 0.5-0.9%, and cleaning; soaking for 20-30min, and sun-drying for 1-3 days. The operation of sunning the seed is carried out in the dry department that faces the sun, and the cooperation potassium permanganate can play better disinfection effect, washes the potassium permanganate clean through the mode of washing after soaking.
Wherein, the treatment for promoting bud and root growth is that after being washed, seeds are fished out and are covered by wet paper towels for 1 to 2 days so as to promote bud and root growth.
S2, seedling raising
The process of seedling culture comprises the following steps: filling 2-3cm of nutrient soil into a seedling container, sowing the pretreated seeds into the nutrient soil, covering with 2-3cm of seedling culture soil, and culturing into seedlings by a conventional method.
Specifically, the seedling raising container can be a common seedling raising tray, the seedling raising tray is placed on the mud surface of a standby seedling bed to be sowed after nutrient soil is filled in the seedling raising tray, the seedling raising tray is compacted and fixed, and then seeds are sowed.
S3, transplanting
The transplanting process comprises the following steps: applying base fertilizer 10-15 days before transplanting, covering film for 4-5 days, preparing soil, and transplanting the seedling of S2 into paddy field.
Specifically, the planting field should be selected from two or more fields which are close to a water source, far away from a highway, convenient to drain and irrigate and easy to sprout and are not polluted by water and soil. The base fertilizer is at least one selected from decomposed farmyard manure and organic fertilizer, the decomposed farmyard manure can be applied according to the dosage of 800-mou of farmyard manure, the commercial organic fertilizer can be applied according to the dosage of 400-mou of 500-mou of farmyard manure, and the biological organic fertilizer can be applied according to the dosage of 200-mou of 250-mou of organic fertilizer. After fertilization, deep ploughing into soil to improve fertilizer efficiency. Soil preparation is carried out after the film covering, namely soil is finely prepared and raked.
In order to improve the yield of rice when the seedlings are transplanted, the transplanting density can be controlled: when the seedlings are transplanted in the paddy field, transplanting is carried out according to transplanting density of 18000-22000 holes per mu and 3-4 parts per hole, so that the yield is improved through reasonable transplanting density.
The transplanting can be carried out according to one operation mode of two modes, namely wide-row narrow-plant planting and wide-row narrow-plant planting:
in some embodiments, the transplanting is carried out by adopting a wide-row narrow-plant planting mode, the row spacing is controlled to be 24-26cm, the plant spacing is controlled to be 13.3-16.7cm, and the transplanting specification can be 25.0cm x 13.3cm-16.7 cm.
In another embodiment, a wide-narrow row planting mode is adopted during transplanting, the wide rows are controlled to be 33-34cm, the narrow rows are controlled to be 16-17.5cm, the planting distance is controlled to be 13.3-16.7cm, and the transplanting specification can be (33.3cm +16.7cm) multiplied by 13.3-16.7 cm.
S4 fertilizing
In the planting process, respectively and correspondingly applying a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer according to the growth stage of rice; the fertilizer is mainly a compound fertilizer, such as a special fertilizer for 22-8-15 rice, and can be applied once or applied in 2 times.
Furthermore, during the planting process, selenium enrichment operation is carried out on the rice accounting for 10-20% of the total area, instead of carrying out selenium enrichment operation on all the rice in the prior art, so that the cost and labor intensity of the selenium enrichment operation are obviously reduced, and the planting enthusiasm of farmers is not influenced.
In the actual operation process, in the planting process from ear sprouting to grain filling of the rice, selecting strong, healthy and uniform rice which accounts for 10-20% of the total planting area of the rice, applying the special selenium-rich liquid fertilizer once every 10-15 days in a spraying mode, wherein the spraying of the special selenium-rich liquid fertilizer is carried out according to the steps of spraying 2-3 times per stubble and spraying 500g of water and diluting 200-fold 400 times per mu per time; and (5) managing the rest of rice according to conventional farming operation. That is to say, 300-fold and 500-fold of the selenium-rich liquid fertilizer is applied per mu each time, and the selenium-rich liquid fertilizer is diluted by 200-fold and 400-fold for spraying each time.
The inventor optimizes the composition of the selenium-rich liquid fertilizer to improve the utilization rate of selenium. The selenium-rich liquid fertilizer comprises, by mass, 600 parts of liquid organic carbon 500-one, 20-30 parts of sodium selenite, 50-100 parts of potassium source, 30-100 parts of nitrogen source and 20-50 parts of medium trace elements.
Wherein the liquid organic carbon contains micromolecular amino acid with the relative molecular mass of less than 500, and the mass fraction of the micromolecular amino acid is 25-40%, preferably 30-35%. Sodium selenite is effectively chelated with micromolecular functional amino acid, so that the absorption, conversion and utilization rate of selenium are improved. The small molecular amino acid is at least one selected from lysine, threonine, aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, arginine and proline, and may be one or more.
Specifically, the liquid organic carbon is a commercially available raw material, and the raw material meeting the requirement of the content of amino acid is purchased, wherein the content of free amino acid in the organic carbon liquid is not lower than 300g/L, the pH value is 3-9, and the chlorine content is not more than 50 g/L. Wherein, the potassium source is at least one of monopotassium phosphate and potassium sulfate, the nitrogen source is selected from at least one of urea and ammonium nitrate phosphorus, and at least one of urea, ammonium nitrate phosphorus, ammonium nitrate and urea ammonium nitrate solution; both a nitrogen source and a potassium source can be used as required.
Wherein the medium trace elements are selected from at least one of boric acid, EDTA calcium, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate, and may be one or more, preferably more. Preferably, the medium trace elements comprise 5-20 parts of boric acid, 10-20 parts of EDTA calcium, 2-10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate and 10-20 parts of zinc sulfate, and the growth of rice can be further promoted by controlling the composition of the medium trace elements, so that the selenium enrichment and the rice yield promotion are organically combined.
In a preferred embodiment, the selenium-rich liquid fertilizer comprises 580 parts by mass of liquid organic carbon 530-containing material, 25-28 parts by mass of sodium selenite, 70-80 parts by mass of potassium source, 60-70 parts by mass of nitrogen source and 30-40 parts by mass of medium trace elements. The use amount of each component in the selenium-rich liquid fertilizer is optimized, so that the utilization of selenium is better promoted, and the yield and income of rice are increased.
S5, field management
And performing field management in the planting process, wherein the field management mainly comprises irrigation and agricultural control so as to better promote the growth of rice.
The irrigation process comprises the following steps: keeping a shallow water layer in the rice green turning period, carrying out moist irrigation in the tillering period, starting to expose and sun-dry the field when the number of seedlings reaches 80-90% of the number of spikes, carrying out irrigation after spike differentiation and keeping the shallow water layer until the spike sprouting period, carrying out intermittent irrigation and alternation of dry and wet in the grouting maturation period, and cutting off water 5-10 days before harvesting.
Specifically, the sun-drying field adopts multiple times of light drying to control ineffective tillering, promote root system to grow and strengthen stalks and plants.
It should be noted that, in the planting process, basic agronomic control is also needed, and the method can be as follows: (1) adopting reasonable farming system, crop rotation and stubble replacement, combination of planting and breeding (rice duck, rice fish, rice crab and the like), fitness cultivation and other agronomic measures to reduce the occurrence of harmful organisms; (2) by selecting the chemical prevention and control of the middle-and low-toxicity generation pesticide with small lethality to the natural enemy, the method avoids the sensitive period of the natural enemy to the pesticide, and creates measures such as environment suitable for the propagation of the natural enemy; (3) by using biological control, natural enemies can be utilized and released to control the occurrence of pests; (4) the method for preventing and controlling the lepidoptera pests and the homoptera pests specifically comprises the steps of trapping and killing the lepidoptera pests and the homoptera pests by adopting physical devices such as a black light lamp, a vibration frequency type insecticidal lamp and a color light plate.
In the agricultural control process of the embodiment of the invention, the pest is controlled by combining biological control and physical control, so that the pest is effectively controlled.
S6, harvesting
Harvesting when 85-95% of rice grains are yellow, harvesting the selenium-rich rice and the non-selenium-rich rice respectively, obtaining the selenium-rich rice and the non-selenium-rich rice after harvesting, detecting the selenium content in the selenium-rich rice and the non-selenium-rich rice respectively, calculating the dosage ratio of the selenium-rich rice and the non-selenium-rich rice according to the target selenium content, and mixing the selenium-rich rice and the non-selenium-rich rice which meet the dosage ratio requirement, wherein the target selenium content is 0.1-0.3 mg/kg.
It should be noted that, after the rice is harvested, the selenium-rich rice and the non-selenium-rich rice (i.e. conventionally planted rice) are respectively sampled and detected for selenium content, then the ratio of the selenium-rich rice and the conventional rice is calculated according to the target selenium content, and then the selenium-rich rice and the common rice are mixed and uniformly stirred according to the calculation result and then processed into polished rice or brown rice by a rice mill. The selenium-rich rice obtained by the method in the embodiment of the invention has stable selenium content and meets the standardized content, and can be sold as commodity selenium-rich rice after being packaged or bagged.
Specifically, the harvesting of the selenium-rich rice and the non-selenium-rich rice is sequentially carried out by separately harvesting the selenium-rich rice and the common rice, separately drying in the sun, separately grinding and separately storing. Note the following: the threshing and grain drying are not carried out on highways, asphalt pavements and places with serious dust pollution; the transportation tool is clean, dry and has rainproof facilities, and is not mixed with toxic, harmful, corrosive and peculiar smell objects for transportation; storing in dark, normal temperature, dry and damp-proof places.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a production method of selenium-enriched rice, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting No. 2 rice seeds of Meixiang rice.
(2) Pretreatment: selecting sunny weather, placing the seeds in a sunny dry place for sunning for 1 day, soaking the sunned seeds in 0.5% (mass fraction) potassium permanganate solution for 30min, taking out and drying, and coating with a wet paper towel for 1 day for later use.
(3) Seedling culture: and (3) filling nutrient soil with the thickness of 2cm into the seedling raising tray, placing the seedling raising tray on the mud surface of a standby seedling bed to be sowed, compacting and fixing, sowing the rice seeds treated in the step (2) in the seedling raising tray, covering seedling raising culture soil with the thickness of 3cm after sowing is finished, and then, breeding the seedlings to be transplanted according to a conventional method.
(4) Transplanting: selecting second-class or above fields which are close to a water source, far away from a highway, convenient to drain and irrigate and easy to grow seedlings, free of water and soil pollution, as planting fields, applying 500 kg/mu of commercial organic fertilizer as base fertilizer 15 days before transplanting, deeply turning into soil after applying the fertilizer, covering with a film for 4 days, then finely leveling the soil, inserting the seedlings obtained in the step (3) into the fields, planting the seedlings in the fields by adopting transplanting density of about 2 ten thousand holes per mu and 3 parts per hole, wherein the transplanting specification is that the row spacing is 25.0cm, and the plant spacing is 13.3 cm.
(5) Fertilizing: in the planting process, after the rice is transplanted for 4 days, applying 40 kg/mu of special fertilizer for 22-8-15 rice, and then not applying compound fertilizer; meanwhile, in the planting process from ear sprouting to grain filling of the rice, selecting the rice which is strong, strong and uniform in growth vigor and accounts for 10% of the total planting area of the rice, applying the special selenium-rich liquid fertilizer once every 10 days in a spraying mode, and spraying the special selenium-rich liquid fertilizer according to the spraying of each crop for 3 times and the spraying of each mu of the special selenium-rich liquid fertilizer by diluting the special selenium-rich liquid fertilizer by 400 times with 300mL of water; managing the rest of rice according to conventional farming operation;
the special selenium-rich liquid fertilizer comprises, by mass, 500 parts of liquid organic carbon, 30 parts of sodium selenite, 50 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 100 parts of urea, 5 parts of boric acid, 15 parts of EDTA calcium, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate and 20 parts of zinc sulfate.
(6) Field management: mainly comprises irrigation and agricultural control.
In the planting process, the following modes are adopted to irrigate the planted field: keeping a shallow water layer in the rice green turning period, and carrying out wet irrigation in the tillering period; exposing and sunning the field when the number of seedlings reaches 80% of the number of spikes, and lightly sunning the field for multiple times to control ineffective tillering, promote root system growth and strengthen stalks and plants; irrigating water after the spike differentiation and keeping a shallow water layer until the spike-pulling and flowering period; intermittent irrigation and alternation of dry and wet in the grouting maturation period; water was cut off 7 days before harvest.
In the planting process, basic agronomic control is needed, and biological control and physical control methods are adopted to control pests. Wherein, the biological control is to control the occurrence of pests by releasing natural enemies; the physical prevention and control comprises trapping and killing lepidoptera and homoptera pests by adopting physical devices such as a black light lamp, a vibration frequency type insecticidal lamp, a color light plate and the like.
(7) Harvesting: harvesting when more than 85% of rice grains are yellow and ripe.
The selenium-rich paddy and the common paddy are separately harvested, separately aired, separately ground and separately stored, and the selenium-rich paddy and the common paddy are not threshed and aired on roads, asphalt pavements and places with serious dust pollution; the transportation tool is clean, dry and has rainproof facilities, and is not mixed with toxic, harmful, corrosive and peculiar smell objects for transportation; storing in dark, normal temperature, dry and damp-proof places.
(8) Processing: the method comprises the steps of sampling selenium-enriched rice and conventionally planted rice respectively to detect the selenium content immediately after harvesting the rice, calculating the ratio of the selenium-enriched rice to the conventionally planted rice according to the target selenium content (0.2mg/kg), mixing the selenium-enriched rice and the conventionally planted rice according to the calculation result, uniformly stirring, processing the mixture into polished rice or brown rice by using a rice mill to obtain standard rice with stable selenium content, and packaging or bagging the rice to obtain the commercial selenium-enriched rice.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a production method of selenium-enriched rice, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting No. 2 rice seeds of Meixiang rice.
(2) Pretreatment: selecting sunny weather, placing the seeds in a sunny dry place for sunning for 3 days, soaking the sunned seeds in 0.9% (mass fraction) potassium permanganate solution for 20min, taking out and drying, and coating with a wet paper towel for 3 days for later use.
(3) Seedling culture: and (3) filling nutrient soil with the thickness of 3cm into the seedling raising tray, placing the seedling raising tray on the mud surface of a standby seedling bed to be sowed, compacting and fixing, sowing the rice seeds treated in the step (2) in the seedling raising tray, covering seedling raising culture soil with the thickness of 2cm after sowing is finished, and then, breeding the seedlings to be transplanted according to a conventional method.
(4) Transplanting: selecting two or more fields which are close to a water source, are far away from a highway, are convenient to drain and irrigate and are easy to grow seedlings, are not polluted in water and soil, as planting fields, applying 200 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer 10 days before transplanting, deeply turning into soil after applying the fertilizer, covering with a film for 5 days, then finely leveling the soil, inserting the seedlings obtained in the step (3) into the fields, planting the seedlings in the fields by adopting the transplanting density of about 2 ten thousand holes per mu and 4 seeds per hole, wherein the transplanting specification is 25.0cm in row spacing and 13.3cm in plant spacing.
(5) Fertilizing: in the planting process, 30 kg/mu of special fertilizer for 22-8-15 rice is applied after the rice is transplanted for 4 days, and 20 kg/mu is applied in the jointing stage; meanwhile, in the planting process from ear sprouting to grain filling of the rice, selecting the rice which is strong, strong and uniform in growth vigor and accounts for 10% of the total planting area of the rice, applying the special selenium-rich liquid fertilizer once in a spraying mode every 15 days, and spraying the special selenium-rich liquid fertilizer according to the spraying of each crop for 2 times, and diluting the special selenium-rich liquid fertilizer by 200 times by adding water with 500mL of special selenium-rich liquid fertilizer every mu each time; managing the rest of rice according to conventional farming operation;
the special selenium-rich fertilizer comprises, by mass, 500 parts of liquid organic carbon, 30 parts of sodium selenite, 50 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 100 parts of ammonium phosphate, 10 parts of boric acid, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate and 10 parts of zinc sulfate.
(6) Field management: mainly comprises irrigation and agricultural control.
In the planting process, the following modes are adopted to irrigate the planted field: keeping a shallow water layer in the rice green turning period, and carrying out wet irrigation in the tillering period; exposing and sunning the field when the number of seedlings reaches 90% of the number of spikes, and lightly sunning the field for multiple times to control ineffective tillering, promote root system growth and strengthen stalks and plants; irrigating water after the spike differentiation and keeping a shallow water layer until the spike-pulling and flowering period; intermittent irrigation and alternation of dry and wet in the grouting maturation period; water was cut off 5 days before harvest.
In the planting process, basic agronomic control is needed, and biological control and physical control methods are adopted to control pests. Wherein, the biological control is to control the occurrence of pests by releasing natural enemies; the physical prevention and control comprises trapping and killing lepidoptera and homoptera pests by adopting physical devices such as a black light lamp, a vibration frequency type insecticidal lamp, a color light plate and the like.
(7) Harvesting: harvesting when more than 90% of rice grains are yellow and ripe. The selenium-rich paddy and the common paddy are separately harvested, separately aired, separately ground and separately stored, and the selenium-rich paddy and the common paddy are not threshed and aired on roads, asphalt pavements and places with serious dust pollution; the transportation tool is clean, dry and has rainproof facilities, and is not mixed with toxic, harmful, corrosive and peculiar smell objects for transportation; storing in dark, normal temperature, dry and damp-proof places.
(8) Processing: the method comprises the steps of sampling and detecting selenium content of selenium-enriched rice and conventionally planted rice immediately after harvesting the rice, calculating the ratio of the selenium-enriched rice to the conventionally planted rice according to the target selenium content, mixing and uniformly stirring the selenium-enriched rice and the conventionally planted rice according to the calculation result, processing the mixture into polished rice or brown rice by using a rice mill to obtain rice with stable and standardized selenium content, and packaging or bagging the rice to obtain the commercial selenium-enriched rice.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a production method of selenium-enriched rice, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting No. 2 rice seeds of Meixiang rice.
(2) Pretreatment: selecting sunny weather, placing the seeds in a sunny dry place for sunning for 2 days, soaking the sunned seeds in 0.7% (mass fraction) potassium permanganate solution for 25min, taking out and drying, and coating with a wet paper towel for 2 days for later use.
(3) Seedling culture: filling nutrient soil with the thickness of 2.5cm into a seedling raising plate, placing the seedling raising plate on the mud surface of a standby rice seedling bed to be sowed, compacting and fixing, sowing the rice seeds treated in the step (2) in the seedling raising plate, covering seedling raising culture soil with the thickness of 2.5cm after the sowing is finished, and then, raising seedlings to be transplanted according to a conventional method;
(4) transplanting: selecting two or more fields which are close to a water source, are far away from a highway, are convenient to drain and irrigate and are easy to grow seedlings, are not polluted in water and soil, as planting fields, applying 250 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer 10 days before transplanting, deeply turning into soil after applying the fertilizer, covering a film for 4 days, then finely leveling the soil, inserting the seedlings obtained in the step (3) into the fields, planting the seedlings in the fields by adopting the transplanting density of about 2.5 ten thousand holes per mu and 3 seeds per hole, wherein the transplanting specification is 25.0cm of row spacing and 13.3cm of plant spacing.
(5) Fertilizing: in the planting process, 30 kg/mu of special fertilizer for 22-8-15 rice is applied after the rice is transplanted for 4 days, and 10 kg/mu is applied in the jointing stage; meanwhile, in the planting process from ear sprouting to grain filling of the rice, selecting the rice which is strong, strong and uniform in growth vigor and accounts for 20% of the total planting area of the rice, applying the special selenium-rich liquid fertilizer once in a spraying mode every 15 days, and spraying the special selenium-rich liquid fertilizer according to the spraying of each crop for 2 times, and diluting the special selenium-rich liquid fertilizer by 300 times by adding water with 500mL of special selenium-rich liquid fertilizer every mu each time; managing the rest of rice according to conventional farming operation;
the special selenium-rich fertilizer comprises, by mass, 600 parts of liquid organic carbon, 20 parts of sodium selenite, 50 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 800 parts of urea, 5 parts of boric acid, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate and 5 parts of zinc sulfate.
(6) Field management: mainly comprises irrigation and agricultural control.
In the planting process, the following modes are adopted to irrigate the planted field: keeping a shallow water layer in the rice green turning period, and carrying out wet irrigation in the tillering period; exposing and sunning the field when the number of seedlings reaches 85% of the number of spikes, and lightly sunning the field for multiple times to control ineffective tillering, promote root system growth and strengthen stalks and plants; irrigating water after the spike differentiation and keeping a shallow water layer until the spike-pulling and flowering period; intermittent irrigation and alternation of dry and wet in the grouting maturation period; water was cut off 10 days before harvest.
In the planting process, basic agronomic control is needed, and biological control and physical control methods are adopted to control pests. Wherein, the biological control is to control the occurrence of pests by releasing natural enemies; the physical prevention and control comprises trapping and killing lepidoptera and homoptera pests by adopting physical devices such as a black light lamp, a vibration frequency type insecticidal lamp, a color light plate and the like.
(7) Harvesting: harvesting when more than 85% of rice grains are yellow and ripe. The selenium-rich paddy and the common paddy are separately harvested, separately aired, separately ground and separately stored, and the selenium-rich paddy and the common paddy are not threshed and aired on roads, asphalt pavements and places with serious dust pollution; the transportation tool is clean, dry and has rainproof facilities, and is not mixed with toxic, harmful, corrosive and peculiar smell objects for transportation; storing in dark, normal temperature, dry and damp-proof places.
(8) Processing: the method comprises the steps of sampling and detecting selenium content of selenium-enriched rice and conventionally planted rice immediately after harvesting the rice, calculating the ratio of the selenium-enriched rice to the conventionally planted rice according to the target selenium content, mixing and uniformly stirring the selenium-enriched rice and the conventionally planted rice according to the calculation result, processing the mixture into polished rice or brown rice by using a rice mill to obtain rice with stable and standardized selenium content, and packaging or bagging the rice to obtain the commercial selenium-enriched rice.
Comparative example 1
Seed selection, treatment and planting were carried out in the same manner as in example 2. The difference lies in that: (1) in the planting process, after the rice is transplanted for 4 days, 30 kg/mu of special fertilizer for 22-8-15 rice is applied, and 20 kg/mu is applied in the jointing stage; meanwhile, in the planting process from ear sprouting to grain filling of the rice, the selenium-rich liquid fertilizer is applied once every 15 days in a spraying mode, and the spraying of the selenium-rich liquid fertilizer is carried out according to the spraying of 2 times per stubble and the spraying of 200 times of 500mL per mu by adding water; the selenium-rich liquid fertilizer comprises, by mass, 500 parts of water, 6 parts of sodium selenite, 100 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 50 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate. (2) After the selenium content is measured, the selenium is directly and completely processed.
Test example 1
The products obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 were tested for selenium content, yield and selenium absorption and the results are shown in table 1. Among them, examples 1 to 3 were conducted to examine the yield and selenium content of selenium-enriched rice.
TABLE 1 selenium content and absorption rate in rice treated with different fertilizers
As shown in Table 1, the rice treated by the fertilizer in the examples has 987.48 increased selenium content and 169.93% increased selenium absorption and utilization rate compared with the rice treated by the comparative example, and the effect of improving the selenium content and selenium absorption rate of the rice is obvious. Therefore, the selenium-rich liquid fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention can obviously improve the selenium absorption rate.
Test example 2
The rice yield of the selenium-enriched rice obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Rice yield of differently treated rice
| Treatment of | Rice yield (%) |
| Selenium fertilizer without applying | 54.8±2.1 |
| Comparative example 1 | 56.4±1.8 |
| Example 1 | 60.8±1.6 |
| Example 2 | 61.3±2.5 |
| Example 3 | 60.6±2.3 |
As shown in Table 2, the rice yield of the rice treated by the fertilizer according to the example was increased by 11.13% at harvest as compared with that of the rice treated without applying selenium fertilizer, and by 7.98% as compared with that of the rice treated by the comparative example, and the effect of increasing the rice yield was significant.
Test example 3
The stability of the selenium content in the selenium-enriched rice obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 was tested, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 stability of selenium content of differently treated rice
Note: each comparison and example adopts 2 sample tests of 2 years and 2 places, the variation rate of 8 samples is counted, 0.25mg/kg is taken as the target selenium content, and the variation rate is | detection selenium content-target selenium content |/target selenium content.
As shown in Table 3, the variation rate of the selenium content of rice at harvest was reduced by 95.79% as compared with that of rice treated by comparative example, and the method of example showed no variation of the basic selenium content, good stability and easy standardization.
Test example 4
The investment costs for selenium enrichment operations in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 were tested and the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 selenium enrichment method selenium enrichment cost analysis
As shown in Table 4, the selenium-rich cost of the rice treated by the fertilizer according to the embodiment is reduced by 84.71% compared with that of the rice treated by the comparative example, and the effect of reducing the selenium-rich cost is remarkable.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention provides a production method of selenium-rich rice, which has the following advantages:
(1) the selenium content of the selenium-enriched rice is good in stability after being blended, convenient to standardize and good in commodity;
(2) by the optimized selenium-rich planting scheme and the mutual matching of the special selenium-rich fertilizer, the utilization rate (absorption rate) of selenium is improved;
(3) the planting scheme is optimized, the multifunctional synergistic effect of the selenium-rich special fertilizer is realized, the rice yield of the rice is improved, and the income is increased;
(4) by optimizing the selenium-rich scheme, the cost of the selenium-rich fertilizer and the labor cost are reduced, the selenium-rich investment is reduced, and the burden of farmers is lightened.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A production method of selenium-enriched rice is characterized by comprising the steps of planting and processing in sequence;
planting: in the planting process, selenium enrichment operation is carried out on rice accounting for 10-20% of the total area, and selenium-enriched rice and non-selenium-enriched rice are obtained after the rice is harvested;
processing: respectively detecting the selenium content in the selenium-rich rice and the non-selenium-rich rice, calculating the dosage ratio of the selenium-rich rice and the non-selenium-rich rice according to the target selenium content, and then mixing the selenium-rich rice and the non-selenium-rich rice which meet the dosage ratio requirement;
the content of the target selenium is 0.1-0.3 mg/kg.
2. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that the selenium enrichment operation is performed in a manner of applying a selenium enriched liquid fertilizer;
preferably, the selenium-rich liquid fertilizer comprises, by mass, 600 parts of liquid organic carbon 500-; wherein the liquid organic carbon contains micromolecular amino acid with the relative molecular mass of less than 500, and the mass fraction of the micromolecular amino acid is 25-40%, preferably 30-35%;
preferably, the potassium source is at least one of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate;
preferably, the nitrogen source is selected from at least one of urea, ammonium phosphate nitrate, ammonium nitrate and urea ammonium nitrate solution;
preferably, the medium trace element is at least one selected from boric acid, calcium EDTA, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate.
3. The production method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the selenium-rich liquid fertilizer comprises, by mass, 580 parts of liquid organic carbon 530-;
preferably, the small molecule amino acid is selected from at least one of lysine, threonine, aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, arginine and proline;
preferably, the medium trace elements comprise 5-20 parts of boric acid, 10-20 parts of EDTA calcium, 2-10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate and 10-20 parts of zinc sulfate.
4. The production method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the selenium-rich liquid fertilizer is applied during the planting process from heading to grouting of rice, and is sprayed once every 10-15 days, and is sprayed 2-3 times per crop;
preferably, the selenium-rich liquid fertilizer is applied by 300-500 g/mu each time, and the selenium-rich liquid fertilizer is diluted by 200-400 times for spraying each time;
preferably, the compound fertilizer is applied in the planting process in 1-2 times.
5. The production method according to claim 1, further comprising: pretreating rice seeds, and then sequentially carrying out seedling raising and transplanting.
6. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the pretreatment is a disinfection treatment and a germination and rooting promotion treatment;
preferably, the sterilization process comprises: after sun-drying seeds, soaking the seeds by adopting a potassium permanganate solution with the mass fraction of 0.5-0.9%, and cleaning; more preferably, the soaking time is 20-30min, and the seed drying time is 1-3 days;
preferably, the bud and root promoting treatment is to coat the seeds with a wet tissue for 1-2 days.
7. The method for producing seedlings according to claim 5, wherein the process of growing seedlings comprises: and (3) filling 2-3cm of nutrient soil into the seedling culture container, sowing the pretreated seeds into the nutrient soil, and covering 2-3cm of culture soil to culture seedlings to be transplanted.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein said transplanting comprises: applying base fertilizer 10-15 days before transplanting, covering with film for 4-5 days, preparing soil, and transplanting rice seedling into paddy field;
preferably, when the seedlings are transplanted in the paddy field, transplanting is carried out according to transplanting density of 18000-22000 holes per mu and 3-4 seedlings per hole;
preferably, a wide-row narrow-plant planting mode is adopted during transplanting, the row spacing is controlled to be 24-26cm, and the plant spacing is controlled to be 13.3-16.7 cm;
preferably, a wide-row and narrow-row planting mode is adopted during transplanting, the wide rows are controlled to be 33-34cm, the narrow rows are controlled to be 16-17.5cm, and the planting distance is controlled to be 13.3-16.7 cm;
preferably, the base fertilizer is selected from at least one of decomposed farmyard manure and organic fertilizer.
9. The production method according to claim 5, characterized in that field management is carried out during planting, said field management including irrigation and agronomic control;
preferably, the irrigation process comprises: keeping a shallow water layer in the rice green turning period, carrying out moist irrigation in the tillering period, starting to expose and sun-dry the field when the number of seedlings reaches 80-90% of the number of spikes, carrying out irrigation after spike differentiation and keeping the shallow water layer until the spike sprouting period, carrying out intermittent irrigation and alternation of dry and wet in the grouting maturation period, and cutting off water 5-10 days before harvesting;
preferably, the process of agronomic control comprises: the method combines biological control and physical control to control pests.
10. The production method according to claim 5, wherein harvesting is performed when 85-95% of the rice grains are yellow-ripe, and the selenium-enriched rice and the non-selenium-enriched rice are harvested separately.
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