CN113851838A - Base station antenna structure and base station equipment - Google Patents
Base station antenna structure and base station equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN113851838A CN113851838A CN202111002000.1A CN202111002000A CN113851838A CN 113851838 A CN113851838 A CN 113851838A CN 202111002000 A CN202111002000 A CN 202111002000A CN 113851838 A CN113851838 A CN 113851838A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/08—Access point devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a base station antenna structure and base station equipment, which comprise a substrate and more than two antenna units, wherein each antenna unit comprises a patch antenna, a support column and a radiation piece; the projection of the radiation sheet on the substrate is intersected with the patch antenna; the patch antennas of the antenna units are connected; a gap is formed in the radiation sheet; the edge of the radiation sheet is provided with at least one branch and at least one corner cut; the radiation sheet is a metal sheet or a PCB (printed Circuit Board) coated with copper; the support column is made of a dielectric material. The invention can realize high isolation performance between antenna systems, simplify the production and assembly process and reduce the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to a base station antenna structure and a base station device.
Background
In order to meet the requirement of high-rate communication in the 5G era, the MIMO technology needs to be adopted to increase the communication rate. The application of the MIMO technology greatly increases the number of antenna elements and radio frequency channels of the 5G base station compared with the traditional 2G to 4G, and the space becomes very narrow, which causes the isolation of the 5G base station to be rapidly deteriorated, is a key problem that must be considered in the current base station antenna design, and brings great challenges to the base station antenna design.
Compared with the traditional base station antenna, the antenna isolation is mainly improved by the spacing between the isolation bars and the enlarged antenna. Under the condition that the size of the antenna is fixed, the distance between the antennas cannot be enlarged continuously, and the isolation degree of the antenna is improved by adopting a separation strip method generally. However, the above method causes an increase in the cost of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provided are a base station antenna structure and a base station device, which can improve the isolation between antenna units.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a base station antenna structure comprises a substrate and more than two antenna units, wherein each antenna unit comprises a patch antenna, a support column and a radiation sheet; the projection of the radiation sheet on the substrate is intersected with the patch antenna; the patch antennas of the antenna units are connected; a gap is formed in the radiation sheet; the edge of the radiation sheet is provided with at least one branch and at least one corner cut; the radiation sheet is a metal sheet or a PCB (printed Circuit Board) coated with copper; the support column is made of a dielectric material.
The invention also provides base station equipment comprising the base station antenna structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the bandwidth of the antenna can be expanded by arranging the radiation sheet and arranging the gap on the radiation sheet; through setting up minor matters and corner cut at the border of radiation piece, can change radiation piece marginal current path and distribute, reduce the mutual coupling of electromagnetism between the antenna polarization, improve paster antenna system isolation, solve prior art and optimize paster antenna system isolation problem through loading the parting strip, and reduced manufacturing cost. The invention can realize high isolation performance between antenna systems, simplify the production and assembly process and reduce the cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of a base station antenna structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic side view of a base station antenna structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a prior art isolation map of a patch antenna;
fig. 4 is an isolation diagram of a base station antenna structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a substrate; 2. a patch antenna; 3. a support pillar; 4. a radiation sheet; 5. a transmission line;
41. a gap; 42. branch knots; 43. and (6) cutting corners.
Detailed Description
In order to explain technical contents, objects and effects of the present invention in detail, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, a base station antenna structure includes a substrate and more than two antenna units, where each antenna unit includes a patch antenna, a supporting pillar, and a radiation sheet, the patch antenna and the supporting pillar are disposed on the substrate, and the radiation sheet is disposed on the supporting pillar; the projection of the radiation sheet on the substrate is intersected with the patch antenna; the patch antennas of the antenna units are connected; a gap is formed in the radiation sheet; the edge of the radiation sheet is provided with at least one branch and at least one corner cut; the radiation sheet is a metal sheet or a PCB (printed Circuit Board) coated with copper; the support column is made of a dielectric material.
From the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: high isolation performance between antenna systems can be realized, and the production and assembly processes can be simplified and the cost can be reduced.
Further, the slit is disposed at a center of the radiation sheet; the shape of the gap is cross-shaped.
From the above description, it is possible to effectively reduce the size of the radiation patch and flexibly adjust the inter-polarization isolation of the antenna.
Furthermore, the shape of the radiation sheet is circular, and the branch is positioned in the direction forming an angle of 0 degree or 90 degrees with the polarization direction of the antenna and/or in the direction forming an angle of 45 degrees or-45 degrees with the polarization direction of the antenna; the cutting angle is located at an orientation forming a 90 ° angle or a 0 ° angle with the antenna polarization direction and/or at an orientation forming a-45 ° angle or a 45 ° angle with the antenna polarization direction.
Further, the shape of the radiation sheet is a regular polygon, the number of sides of the regular polygon is odd, the angles of the radiation sheet include a first angle and a second angle, the first angle is positioned on the direction forming an angle of 45 ° and an angle of-135 ° with the polarization direction of the antenna or on the direction forming an angle of-45 ° and an angle of 135 ° with the polarization direction of the antenna; a cutting angle is arranged at the first corner of at least one of the radiation sheets; at least one second corner or at least one center of the radiating sheets is provided with a branch node extending outwards.
Further, the shape of the radiation sheet is a regular polygon, the number of sides of the regular polygon is even, the angles of the radiation sheet include a third angle and a fourth angle, the third angle is located in the direction forming an angle of 0 ° and an angle of 180 ° with the polarization direction of the antenna or in the direction forming an angle of ± 90 ° with the polarization direction of the antenna; a third corner of at least one of the radiation sheets is provided with a cutting angle; and a branch node extending outwards is arranged at the fourth corner of at least one of the radiation sheets.
As can be seen from the above description, by providing the branch sections and the cut angles in the specific directions, the polarization purity of the antenna is not reduced and the performance of the antenna pattern is not affected on the premise of improving the performance of the isolation of the antenna; when the position of the branch node and the position of the corner cut are in an orthogonal relation, the performance stability of the antenna directional diagram can be improved.
Further, the length and the width of the branch are both less than or equal to 0.03 lambda, the size of the chamfer is less than or equal to 0.03 lambda, and lambda is the wavelength length.
From the above description, by controlling the sizes of the branches and the chamfers, the antenna isolation performance can be improved without deteriorating the antenna pattern performance.
Further, the distance between the radiation sheet and the substrate is one sixteenth of the wavelength length.
The antenna further comprises a transmission line, wherein the transmission line is arranged on the substrate and is respectively connected with the patch antenna of each antenna unit.
As can be seen from the above description, the signal is fed from the transmission line, forms a strong current distribution at the edge of the patch antenna, and is radiated to the space.
Further, the number of the support columns is at least two, and the heights of the at least two support columns are equal; the connecting points of the radiation sheet and the supporting columns are uniformly distributed on the edge of the radiation sheet.
As can be seen from the above description, the radiation sheet can be stably fixed above the substrate.
The invention also provides base station equipment comprising the base station antenna structure.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1-4, a base station antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is applicable to a 5G base station.
As shown in fig. 1, the antenna includes a substrate 1 and two or more antenna units, and the present embodiment is described by taking two antenna units as an example. Each antenna unit comprises a patch antenna 2, a support column 3 and a radiation sheet 4, and as shown in fig. 2, the patch antenna 2 and the support column 3 are arranged on the substrate 1, the radiation sheet 4 is arranged on the support column 3, and the projection of the radiation sheet 4 on the substrate 1 intersects with the patch antenna 2; the patch antennas 2 of the antenna elements are connected.
In this embodiment, the patch antenna 2 may be disposed on the substrate 1 by printing. The radiation sheet 4 is a metal sheet or a PCB plate coated with copper; the support column 3 is made of a dielectric material (such as a nylon material and an ABS material), and cannot be made of a metal material. Preferably, the radiating patch 4 is located at a distance from the substrate 1 of about one sixteenth of the wavelength length (free space) of the center frequency of the antenna. In this embodiment, the working frequency band of the patch antenna is 2.6G (2496-. Of course, in other embodiments, the patch antenna operating frequency band may be other frequency bands, such as 1.8G or 2.1G.
Further, the number of the supporting columns 3 is at least two, and the cross section of the supporting column 3 may be circular or polygonal. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the number of the support columns 3 is four, and the four support columns 3 have the same height and are uniformly distributed around the patch antenna 2 and arranged around the patch antenna 2. The radiation sheet 4 is arranged on the substrate 1 through the support column 3, and the projection of the radiation sheet on the substrate 1 is superposed with the patch antenna 2 or covers the patch antenna 2. In order to ensure that the radiation sheet 4 is stably fixed above the substrate 1, the connection points of the radiation sheet 4 and the support columns 3 are uniformly distributed on the edge of the radiation sheet 4.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the antenna further includes a transmission line 5, where the transmission line 5 is disposed on the substrate 1 and is respectively connected to the patch antennas 2 of the antenna units. The signal is fed from the transmission line, forms stronger current distribution at the edge of the patch antenna, and is radiated to the space.
Further, a gap 41 is arranged on the radiation sheet 4; preferably, the slit 41 is located at the center of the radiation sheet 4 and has a cross shape. By arranging the radiation sheet and arranging the gap on the radiation sheet, the bandwidth of the antenna can be expanded.
Further, the edge of the radiation sheet 4 is provided with at least one branch 42 and at least one corner 43. Through setting up minor matters and corner cut at the border, can change radiation piece marginal current path and distribute, reduce the electromagnetic cross coupling between the antenna polarization to solve the relatively poor problem of conventional paster antenna isolation.
Wherein, the shape of the radiation sheet can be a circle or a regular polygon.
In an alternative embodiment, the radiating patch is circular in shape, and the branches are located at an angle of 0 ° or 90 ° to the polarization direction of the antenna and/or at an angle of 45 ° or-45 ° to the polarization direction of the antenna; the cutting angle is located at an orientation forming a 90 ° angle or a 0 ° angle with the antenna polarization direction and/or at an orientation forming a-45 ° angle or a 45 ° angle with the antenna polarization direction.
For example, when the branch is located in an orientation forming an angle of 0 ° with the antenna polarization direction, preferably, the cut angle is located in an orientation forming an angle of 90 ° with the antenna polarization direction; when the branch is located in an orientation forming an angle of 45 ° with the polarization direction of the antenna, the cut angle is preferably located in an orientation forming an angle of-45 ° with the polarization direction of the antenna.
That is, preferably, the branches are orthogonal to the positions of the cut corners, i.e., the connecting line between the branches and the center point of the radiation sheet is perpendicular to the connecting line between the cut corners and the center point of the radiation sheet.
Further, when the number of the branches is more than two, the two branches can form a group, and the connecting line of the branches in the same group is a straight line passing through the circle center; similarly, when the number of the cutting angles is more than two, the two cutting angles can form a group, and the connecting line of the same group of cutting angles is a straight line passing through the circle center.
For example, the number of the branches and the number of the tangential angles are two, one branch is located in an orientation forming an angle of 0 ° with the polarization direction of the antenna, the other branch is located in an orientation forming an angle of 180 ° with the polarization direction of the antenna, and the two tangential angles are located in orientations forming an angle of ± 90 ° with the polarization direction of the antenna.
In another alternative embodiment, the shape of the radiation sheet is regular polygon with odd number of sides, such as regular triangle, regular pentagon, etc., in this case, the corners of the radiation sheet can be divided into a first corner and a second corner, a chamfer is provided at the first corner of at least one, and a branch extending outwards is provided at the second corner or the center of the edge of at least one. Preferably, the first angle is located at an angle of 45 ° and-135 ° to the polarization direction of the antenna or at an angle of-45 ° and 135 ° to the polarization direction of the antenna.
Further, when the number of the chamfer is more than two, the two chamfers may form a group, and preferably, the branch is located on a central vertical line of the connecting line of the same group of chamfers.
For example, the shape of the radiation sheet is regular triangle, and one side of the radiation sheet forms an angle of 45 ° and an angle of-135 ° with the polarization direction of the antenna, then the two corners of the side are respectively provided with a chamfer angle, and the branch is arranged at the remaining one corner of the triangle.
For another example, the shape of the radiation sheet is a regular pentagon, the number of branches and chamfers is two, the two chamfers are respectively located at two corners having a diagonal relationship (the connecting line is a straight line and is not adjacent) among the five corners, and the two branches are respectively located at a corner on a central vertical line of the connecting line of the two corners and at the edge center.
In another alternative embodiment, the shape of the radiation sheet is a regular polygon with an even number of sides, such as a square, a regular hexagon, a regular octagon, etc., in this case, the corners of the radiation sheet can be divided into a third corner and a fourth corner, a corner cut is provided at the third corner of at least one, and a branch extending outwards is provided at the fourth corner of at least one. Preferably, the third angle is located at an angle of 0 ° and 180 ° to the antenna polarization direction or an angle of ± 90 ° to the antenna polarization direction.
Preferably, the number of the chamfers is a multiple of 2, each two chamfers form a group of chamfers, and the same group of chamfers are positioned at a group of chamfers of the radiation sheet. The number of the branches is also multiple of 2, every two branches are a group of branches, and the same group of branches are positioned at a pair of paired corners of the radiation sheet. Further preferably, when the number of the sides of the radiation sheet is a multiple of 4, the branches and the positions of the cut corners are in an orthogonal relationship, that is, the branches are located on a central vertical line of the connecting lines of the same group of cut corners.
For example, the shape of the radiation sheet is square, the number of branches and the number of cut corners are both two, the square comprises two groups of opposite corners, the two cut corners are respectively located at one group of opposite corners of the square, and the two branches are respectively located at the other group of opposite corners of the square. For another example, the shape of the radiation sheet is a regular hexagon, the number of branches and chamfers is two, the regular hexagon includes three sets of opposite angles, the two chamfers are respectively located at one set of opposite angles of the regular hexagon, and the two branches are respectively located at one set of opposite angles of the remaining two sets of opposite angles of the regular hexagon.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the shape of the radiation sheet 4 is regular octagon, and the two opposite corners of the radiation sheet 4 along the arrangement direction of the antenna units are provided with cut corners 43, that is, the radiation sheet 4 is provided with two cut corners 43 respectively located at the left and right corners of the radiation sheet 4 in fig. 1, and the upper and lower corners of the radiation sheet 4 in fig. 1 are respectively provided with branches 42 extending outwards. In this case, the chamfer and the branch are in an orthogonal relationship, that is, the connecting line of the two chamfers is perpendicular to the connecting line of the two branches (or the branch is located on the central perpendicular line of the connecting line of the two chamfers). This arrangement may provide more stable antenna pattern performance.
Preferably, the branches 42 are rectangular in shape, with both length and width less than or equal to 0.03 λ; the size of the chamfer 43 (i.e., the distance from the outermost point in the chamfer to the cut edge) is less than or equal to 0.03 λ, λ being the wavelength length of the center frequency of the antenna in free space. In other embodiments, the shape of the branches may be other shapes such as circular.
Testing the isolation of the patch antenna by a network analyzer, wherein the test result is shown in fig. 3 and 4, fig. 3 is a practical diagram of the isolation of the conventional patch antenna, and the practical isolation is 24.1 db; fig. 4 is a diagram showing the isolation of the patch antenna according to this embodiment, where the measured isolation is 25.7 db. From the test result of the network analyzer, the branch which extends outwards is loaded on the edge of the radiation sheet, and the corner cutting processing is carried out on the diagonal edge, so that the isolation degree of the patch antenna system is obviously improved by 1.6db, and the problem of poor isolation degree of the existing patch antenna system is solved.
In the embodiment, the derived branches are loaded at the edge of the radiation sheet, and the corner cutting treatment is carried out at the edge, so that the edge current path distribution of the radiation sheet is changed, the electromagnetic mutual coupling among antenna polarizations is reduced, and the isolation among antenna units is improved.
The embodiment realizes high isolation performance between antenna systems, reduces the number of the isolating strips, simplifies the production and assembly process and reduces the cost.
In summary, in the base station antenna structure and the base station device provided by the present invention, signals are fed from the transmission line, and a stronger current distribution is formed at the edge of the patch antenna and radiated to the space; the bandwidth of the antenna can be expanded by arranging the radiation sheet and arranging the gap on the radiation sheet; by arranging the branches and the cut angles on the edge of the radiation sheet, the distribution of the edge current path of the radiation sheet can be changed, the electromagnetic mutual coupling among antenna polarizations is reduced, the isolation of a patch antenna system is improved, the production and assembly process can be simplified, and the cost can be reduced; the performance stability of the antenna directional diagram is improved by optimizing the arrangement positions of the branch knots and the cut angles.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to the related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A base station antenna structure is characterized by comprising a substrate and more than two antenna units, wherein each antenna unit comprises a patch antenna, a supporting column and a radiating sheet; the projection of the radiation sheet on the substrate is intersected with the patch antenna; the patch antennas of the antenna units are connected; a gap is formed in the radiation sheet; the edge of the radiation sheet is provided with at least one branch and at least one corner cut; the radiation sheet is a metal sheet or a PCB (printed Circuit Board) coated with copper; the support column is made of a dielectric material.
2. The base station antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein the slot is provided at a center of the radiation patch; the shape of the gap is cross-shaped.
3. A base station antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the radiating patch is circular in shape, and the branches are located at an orientation forming an angle of 0 ° or 90 ° with the antenna polarization direction and/or at an orientation forming an angle of 45 ° or-45 ° with the antenna polarization direction; the cutting angle is located at an orientation forming a 90 ° angle or a 0 ° angle with the antenna polarization direction and/or at an orientation forming a-45 ° angle or a 45 ° angle with the antenna polarization direction.
4. The base station antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein the radiation patch has a shape of a regular polygon having an odd number of sides, and the angles of the radiation patch include a first angle and a second angle, the first angle being located at an orientation forming an angle of 45 ° and an angle of-135 ° with the antenna polarization direction or an orientation forming an angle of-45 ° and an angle of 135 ° with the antenna polarization direction; a cutting angle is arranged at the first corner of at least one of the radiation sheets; at least one second corner or at least one center of the radiating sheets is provided with a branch node extending outwards.
5. The base station antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein the radiation patch has a regular polygon shape, the number of sides of the regular polygon is an even number, and the angle of the radiation patch includes a third angle and a fourth angle, the third angle being located in an orientation forming an angle of 0 ° and an angle of 180 ° with the antenna polarization direction or an orientation forming an angle of ± 90 ° with the antenna polarization direction; a third corner of at least one of the radiation sheets is provided with a cutting angle; and a branch node extending outwards is arranged at the fourth corner of at least one of the radiation sheets.
6. The base station antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the lengths and widths of the stubs are less than or equal to 0.03 λ, the size of the chamfer is less than or equal to 0.03 λ, and λ is a wavelength length.
7. The base station antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the radiating patch is one sixteenth wavelength long from the substrate.
8. The base station antenna structure of claim 1, further comprising transmission lines disposed on the substrate, the transmission lines being respectively connected to the patch antennas of the antenna units.
9. The base station antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the number of the support posts is at least two, and the heights of the at least two support posts are equal; the connecting points of the radiation sheet and the supporting columns are uniformly distributed on the edge of the radiation sheet.
10. A base station arrangement, characterized in that it comprises a base station antenna structure according to any of claims 1-9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111002000.1A CN113851838A (en) | 2021-08-30 | 2021-08-30 | Base station antenna structure and base station equipment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111002000.1A CN113851838A (en) | 2021-08-30 | 2021-08-30 | Base station antenna structure and base station equipment |
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| CN113851838A true CN113851838A (en) | 2021-12-28 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115579611A (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-01-06 | 微网优联科技(成都)有限公司 | Metal +/-45-degree dual-polarized antenna |
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2021
- 2021-08-30 CN CN202111002000.1A patent/CN113851838A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115579611A (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-01-06 | 微网优联科技(成都)有限公司 | Metal +/-45-degree dual-polarized antenna |
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