CN113851801A - Bandwidth-stable frequency selective surface structure based on pole coupling and splitting - Google Patents

Bandwidth-stable frequency selective surface structure based on pole coupling and splitting Download PDF

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CN113851801A
CN113851801A CN202111297276.7A CN202111297276A CN113851801A CN 113851801 A CN113851801 A CN 113851801A CN 202111297276 A CN202111297276 A CN 202111297276A CN 113851801 A CN113851801 A CN 113851801A
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bandwidth
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CN113851801B (en
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张岭
陈志勇
洪波
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Wuhan Lingdom Tech Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
    • H01Q15/0026—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
    • H01Q15/0046—Theoretical analysis and design methods of such selective devices

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Abstract

The frequency selection surface structure comprises a base layer, metal patches and grid layers, wherein the grid layers are embedded into the base layer, the metal patches are arranged on two sides of the base layer, the grid layers comprise patch flat plates, the middle parts of the patch flat plates are hollow layers, loading inductors are arranged on the hollow layers, and two ends of each loading inductor are electrically connected with the patch flat plates. According to the frequency selection surface structure with stable bandwidth based on coupling and separation of the poles and the design method thereof, the coupling and separation mechanism of the poles is utilized, when the poles are reasonably distributed, the influence caused by 'depression' among the poles is reduced, the insertion loss at corresponding points is reduced, and the bandwidth stability is improved (compared with a medium loading method), so that the bandwidth stability of more than 90% of relative bandwidth within 0-60 degrees can be realized.

Description

Bandwidth-stable frequency selective surface structure based on pole coupling and splitting
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of electromagnetic Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS), and more particularly to a bandwidth-stabilized frequency selective surface structure based on pole-coupling and splitting.
Background
The Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) is a structure with a certain electromagnetic wave frequency selection function and formed by periodically arranging structural units, and shows the characteristics of reflection, transmission or absorption in different working frequency bands, the most commonly used FSS is a band stop type and a band pass type, and the corresponding classical structures of the FSS are a metal patch array and a metal slot array.
In the working passband of the band-pass FSS, in addition to general requirements of wide passband width and small in-band insertion loss, the requirement for the angular stability of the passband window is also higher and higher when receiving and transmitting electromagnetic waves of a corresponding frequency band. Generally, under oblique incidence, the equivalent dielectric thickness is reduced to a multiple of that under normal incidence, the interlayer impedance relationship changes accordingly, and the transmission pole inevitably generates offset. When a plurality of transmission poles exist, the offset degrees of the poles are often different, so the angular stability of the passband is evaluated from two aspects, namely the offset rate of the center frequency of the passband under different angles; the second is the deviation of the pass band width along with the angle change.
The existing methods for improving the angular stability of the band-pass type FSS mainly comprise two types: cell size miniaturization and media loading. The miniaturization method mainly comprises 3 methods: firstly, loading a lumped element; secondly, the equivalent inductance or capacitance is improved through metal wire bending, gap interdigitation or the effect of enhancing interlayer coupling; and the third is a non-resonance structure formed by the capacitive layer, the inductive layer and the capacitive layer. According to the medium loading principle, according to the Munk scanning independence principle, the thickness of a medium loaded on two sides of an FSS is about/4, the dielectric constant is medium, and the angle stability is improved, and the method has two problems in practice, namely the dielectric constant is usually between 1.1 and 2, and the medium is extremely difficult to obtain; secondly, the low dielectric medium has high porosity, and the whole mechanical strength is inevitably sacrificed after the low dielectric medium is loaded on the outermost side.
In addition, the evaluation of the above techniques on the evaluation of the FSS passband stability technique is only in terms of the shift rate of the passband center frequency at different angles, and the characterization and study of the variation of the passband width with the change of the angle are lacked. However, in engineering practice, even though the above method achieves better angle stability of the poles, due to the variation of the interlayer impedance under oblique incidence, the "concave" parts between the poles generate significant impedance mismatch, and accordingly unacceptable in-band insertion loss (for example, up to-3 dB) is generated, and the increase of the insertion loss directly affects the receiving and transmitting efficiency of the electromagnetic signals.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a frequency selection surface structure with stable bandwidth based on coupling and separation of poles and a design method thereof, which realize the stable bandwidth of FSS, simultaneously avoid overlarge in-band insertion loss caused by impedance mismatch of a 'concave' part between the poles at a high angle, introduce a new transmission pole between the poles and offset the influence generated by the impedance mismatch.
According to one aspect of the invention, a frequency selective surface structure with stable bandwidth based on pole coupling and separation is provided, which is characterized by comprising a base layer, metal patches and grid layers, wherein the grid layers are embedded into the base layer, the metal patches are arranged on two sides of the base layer, each grid layer comprises a patch flat plate, the middle of each patch flat plate is a hollow layer, each hollow layer is provided with a loading inductor, and two ends of each loading inductor are electrically connected with the patch flat plates.
On the basis of the scheme, preferably, four corners of the patch panel are provided with first metal layers, the middle of the patch panel is provided with a second metal layer, the second metal layer is provided with four metal bridges which are uniformly distributed, the top of each metal bridge is connected with the corresponding first metal layer through the corresponding loading inductor, and the bottom of each metal bridge is connected with the corresponding first metal layer through the corresponding loading capacitor.
The invention also provides a design method of the frequency selective surface structure with stable bandwidth based on pole coupling and separation, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, designing a single-layer band-pass FSS structure with a transmission pole in a working frequency band;
step S2, taking the equivalent circuit parameters L1 and C1 of the single-layer FSS structure obtained in the step S1 as initial values, and obtaining C2, h and epsilon based on the coupling resonance filtering principle by combining the filtering performance indexes such as central working frequency and relative bandwidthrWherein L1 represents the inductance value of the equivalent inductance of the loading inductor, C1Representing the capacitance value of the equivalent capacitance of the loading inductor, C2 representing the capacitance value of the equivalent capacitance of the metal patch, h representing the thickness of the base medium, epsilonrRepresents the relative dielectric constant of the isolation medium;
in step S3, the initial values of the equivalent circuit parameters are obtained to obtain initial values of other structure parameters except for the single-layer bandpass FSS structure, and the coupling state of the lower pole under normal incidence is obtained through optimization.
Preferably, on the basis of the above scheme, the equivalent circuit of the single-layer FSS structure obtained in step S1 includes a first inductor, a first capacitor, and a second inductor, where the first inductor is connected in parallel with the first capacitor, and one end of the first inductor is grounded and the other end is connected to the equivalent impedance of the base layer, and one side of the second inductor is grounded and the other side is connected to the equivalent impedance of the base layer, respectively.
Preferably, based on the above scheme, the principle of the coupling-based resonance filtering includes the following formula:
Figure BDA0003334839990000031
Figure BDA0003334839990000032
Figure BDA0003334839990000033
Figure BDA0003334839990000034
and the number of the first and second electrodes,
Figure BDA0003334839990000035
where δ is the relative bandwidth, ω0Is a central operating frequency, Z0Is free space impedance, q1And q is3To normalize the figure of merit, k1,2And k2,3Is a normalized coupling coefficient between resonance points, epsilon0Is the dielectric constant of free space, epsilonrH is the dielectric thickness of the base layer for the relative dielectric constant of the isolation dielectric.
On the basis of the scheme, preferably, the thickness h of the base layer medium is 1/20-1/5 of the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency, and the relative dielectric constant epsilon of the base layer mediumrBetween 1 and 6.
On the basis of the scheme, the number of the transmission poles is preferably 2-5.
According to the frequency selection surface structure with stable bandwidth based on coupling and separation of the poles and the design method thereof, the coupling and separation mechanism of the poles is utilized, when the poles are reasonably distributed, the influence caused by 'depression' among the poles is reduced, the insertion loss at corresponding points is reduced, and the bandwidth stability is improved (compared with a medium loading method), so that the bandwidth stability of more than 90% of relative bandwidth within 0-60 degrees can be realized. The coupling of the poles refers to the phenomenon that two or more transmission poles are overlapped or mutually adjacent and fused, the resonance intensity is weakened after the transmission poles are coupled, the characteristic of impedance matching with a wider band can be presented, and the flatness in a transmission pass band is good; the separation of the poles refers to a process of separating the coupled poles into two or more poles along with the adjustment of structural parameters, the change of polarization direction or the change of incident angle. .
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a 3D topological structure diagram of a frequency selective surface structure with stable bandwidth based on pole coupling and splitting of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a structure of a grid layer according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a view showing the structure of a metal patch according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a reflection curve of the structure of the pole-based coupling and splitting mechanism of the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a transmission plot of the structure of the pole-based coupling and splitting mechanism of the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a 3D topology structure diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 8 is a view showing the structure of a metal patch of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of a metal patch and a substrate structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a reflection curve of a structure of a pole-based coupling and splitting mechanism according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a transmission plot of the structure of the pole-based coupling and splitting mechanism of the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a bandwidth-stabilized frequency selective surface structure of the present invention based on pole-based coupling and splitting.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a frequency selective surface structure with stable bandwidth based on pole coupling and separation, which includes a base layer 10, a metal patch 20 and a grid layer 30, wherein the grid layer 30 is embedded in the base layer 10, the metal patch 20 is disposed on two sides of the base layer 10, the grid layer 30 includes a patch plate 21, a hollow layer 22 is formed in the middle of the patch plate 21, the hollow layer 22 is provided with a loading inductor 23, and two ends of the loading inductor 23 are electrically connected to the patch plate 21.
Referring to fig. 1, and referring to fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, the hollow layer 22 of the present invention is annular, so that the patch plate 21 is annular, and two ends of the loading inductor 23 are connected to the patch plate 21.
In order to verify the technical effect of the invention, the wide-passband FSS with stable bandwidth is designed with the working frequency band between 3.75GHz and 4.55GHz based on pole coupling and separation.
Firstly, designing a grating band-pass structure of a loading capacitor 27 as shown in fig. 2, wherein the corresponding resonance point is 4.15 GHz; secondly, obtaining the equivalent parameter L of the band-pass structure1＝0.65nH，C122.6pF, the initial values of the other circuit parameters, C, are obtained20.7pF, h 1.5mm and ε r3; and thirdly, constructing a structural model shown in the figure 1, and forming a coupling state of the pole under normal incidence after optimization tuning. The corresponding structural main parameters at this time are as follows: the period P is 12.5mm (the period electrical size is 0.17, and is measured by the central frequency point 4.1 GHz), the patch gap s is 0.5mm, the grid line width w is 9.2mm, the single-layer dielectric thickness is 2.4mm (the electrical thickness is 0.066), the dielectric constant is 3.5, and the lumped capacitance value loaded in the middle of the grid gap is 1.3 pF.
The reflection and transmission curves at different angles for the above structure under TE polarization. At normal incidence, 3.806GHz at point 1 in fig. 5 is the pole coupling at normal incidence, and when incident at 45 ° oblique, pole separation occurs, becoming an 3.705GHz pole at point 3 and a 4.02GHz pole at point 4. Accordingly, the maximum "dip" between poles at normal incidence (4.209 GHz at 1 point in FIG. 2) corresponds to a maximum insertion loss within the passband of-1.948 dB, while the maximum "dip" between poles at 45 oblique incidence (4.324 GHz at 2 points in FIG. 6) corresponds to a maximum insertion loss of-1.2267 dB. Under the mechanism of coupling and separation of the pole, the in-band insertion loss of 45-degree oblique incidence is not increased compared with that of normal incidence, and the stability of the bandwidth of a pass band of-2 dB is very good.
TABLE 1 Bandwidth stability statistics for structures based on pole coupling and decoupling mechanism
Figure BDA0003334839990000061
In the second embodiment of the present invention, four corners of the patch panel 21 of the present invention are provided with the first metal layer 24, the middle of the patch panel 21 is provided with the second metal layer 25, the second metal layer 25 is provided with four metal bridges 26 uniformly arranged, the top of the metal bridge 26 is connected to the first metal layer 24 through the loading inductor 23, and the bottom of the metal bridge 26 is connected to the first metal layer 24 through the loading capacitor 27, wherein the specific structure refers to fig. 7, 8 and 9.
In order to verify the technical effect of the invention, the wide-passband FSS with stable bandwidth is designed with the working frequency band between 2GHz and 5GHz based on pole coupling and separation.
First, designing a bending line bandpass structure of (a) loading inductor 23 and capacitor shown in fig. 8, wherein the corresponding resonance point is 3.75 GHz; secondly, obtaining equivalent parameters L1 of the bandpass structure as 3.52nH and C1 as 0.51pF, and obtaining initial values of other circuit parameters, C2 as 0.08pF, h as 8mm and epsilon r3; and thirdly, constructing a structural model shown in fig. 4, and forming a coupling state of the pole under normal incidence after optimization tuning. The corresponding structural main parameters at this time are as follows: the period P is 5mm (unit electrical size is 0.059, measured by center frequency 3.52 GHz), the patch gap s is 0.8mm, the line width w is 0.5mm, the single-layer dielectric thickness is 9.2mm (total thickness electrical size is 0.216), the dielectric constant is 3.5, the inductance loaded in the middle of the bent line is 0.1nH, and the capacitance loaded in the middle of the bent arm is 1 pF.
The reflection and transmission curves at different angles for the above structure under TE polarization. At normal incidence, 3.806GHz at point 1 in fig. 10 is the pole coupling at normal incidence, and when incident at 45 ° oblique, pole separation occurs, becoming an 3.705GHz pole at point 3 and a 4.02GHz pole at point 4. Accordingly, the maximum "dip" between poles at normal incidence (4.209 GHz at 1 point in FIG. 11) corresponds to a maximum insertion loss within the passband of-1.948 dB, while the maximum "dip" between poles at 45 oblique incidence (4.324 GHz at 2 points in FIG. 6) corresponds to a maximum insertion loss of-1.2267 dB. Under the mechanism of coupling and separation of the pole, the in-band insertion loss of 45-degree oblique incidence is not increased compared with that of normal incidence, and the stability of the bandwidth of a pass band of-2 dB is very good.
TABLE 2 Bandwidth stability statistics for structures based on pole coupling and decoupling mechanism
Figure BDA0003334839990000071
From the statistics of the (-2dB) bandwidth of the full-wave simulation in table 1 and table 2, the deviation rate of the central frequency point under the oblique incidence of 60 ° compared with the normal incidence is 5.68% at most, and when the relative bandwidth reaches 92.47%, the deviation rate is very small, and the bandwidth deviation rate is only 0.15%, which is negligible. This demonstrates that the bandwidth of the FSS designed by the infrastructure of the two pole-based coupling and splitting mechanisms described above is stable.
The invention also provides a design method of the frequency selective surface structure with stable bandwidth based on pole coupling and separation, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, designing a single-layer band-pass FSS structure with a transmission pole in a working frequency band;
step S2, taking the equivalent circuit parameters L1 and C1 of the single-layer FSS structure obtained in the step S1 as initial values, and obtaining C2, h and epsilon based on the coupling resonance filtering principle by combining the filtering performance indexes such as central working frequency and relative bandwidthrWherein L1 represents the inductance value of the equivalent inductor of the loading inductor 23, C1 represents the capacitance value of the equivalent capacitor of the loading inductor 23, C2 represents the capacitance value of the equivalent capacitor of the metal patch 20, h represents the thickness of the medium of the base layer 10, and εrRepresents the relative dielectric constant of the isolation medium;
in step S3, the initial values of the equivalent circuit parameters are obtained to obtain initial values of other structure parameters except for the single-layer bandpass FSS structure, and the coupling state of the lower pole under normal incidence is obtained through optimization.
The equivalent circuit of the single-layer FSS structure obtained in step S1 includes a first inductor, a first capacitor, and a second inductor, where the first inductor is connected in parallel with the first capacitor, and one end of the first inductor is grounded and the other end is connected to the equivalent impedance of the base layer 10, and one side of the second inductor is grounded and the other side is connected to the equivalent impedance of the base layer 10, as shown in fig. 12.
The invention is based on the coupling resonance filtering principle and comprises the following formulas:
Figure BDA0003334839990000081
Figure BDA0003334839990000082
Figure BDA0003334839990000083
Figure BDA0003334839990000084
and the number of the first and second electrodes,
Figure BDA0003334839990000091
where δ is the relative bandwidth, ω0Is a central operating frequency, Z0Is free space impedance, q1And q is3To normalize the figure of merit, k1,2And k2,3For normalized coupling coefficient between resonance points,. epsilon.0 is the free space dielectric constant,. epsilon.rH is the dielectric thickness of the base layer 10 for the relative dielectric constant of the isolation dielectric.
Wherein the thickness h of the base layer 10 medium is 1/20-1/5 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency, and the relative dielectric constant epsilon of the base layer 10 mediumrBetween 1 and 6, and 2 to 5 transmission poles.
Finally, the method of the present application is only a preferred embodiment and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. Coupling and stable frequency selective surface structure of bandwidth of separation based on pole, its characterized in that, including basic unit, metal paster and grid layer, the grid layer embedding extremely in the basic unit, just the metal paster sets up the both sides of basic unit, the grid layer includes the paster flat board, dull and stereotyped middle part of paster is the fretwork layer, the fretwork layer is provided with the loading inductance, loading inductance both ends with dull and stereotyped electric connection of paster.
2. The pole-based coupling and splitting bandwidth-stabilized frequency selective surface structure of claim 1, wherein four corners of said patch panel are provided with a first metal layer, the middle of said patch panel is provided with a second metal layer, said second metal layer is provided with four metal bridges uniformly arranged, the top of said metal bridges is connected to said first metal layer through said loading inductor, and the bottom of said metal bridges is connected to said first metal layer through a loading capacitor.
3. A method for designing a bandwidth-stabilized frequency selective surface structure based on pole coupling and splitting, comprising the steps of:
step S1, designing a single-layer band-pass FSS structure with a transmission pole in a working frequency band;
step S2, taking the equivalent circuit parameters L1 and C1 of the single-layer FSS structure obtained in the step S1 as initial values, and obtaining C2, h and epsilon based on the coupling resonance filtering principle by combining the filtering performance indexes such as central working frequency and relative bandwidthrWherein L1 represents the inductance value of the equivalent inductance of the loading inductor, C1 represents the equivalent capacitance value between adjacent units of the single-layer FSS, C2 represents the capacitance value of the equivalent capacitance of the metal patch, h represents the thickness of the base layer medium, and epsilonrRepresents the relative dielectric constant of the isolation medium;
in step S3, the initial values of the equivalent circuit parameters are obtained to obtain initial values of other structure parameters except for the single-layer bandpass FSS structure, and the coupling state of the lower pole under normal incidence is obtained through optimization.
4. The method for designing a frequency selective surface structure with stable bandwidth based on pole coupling and splitting as claimed in claim 3, wherein the equivalent circuit of the single-layer FSS structure obtained in step S1 includes a first inductor, a first capacitor and a second inductor, the first inductor is connected in parallel with the first capacitor, one end of the first inductor is connected to ground, the other end of the first inductor is connected to the equivalent impedance of the substrate, and one side of the second inductor is connected to ground and the other side of the second inductor is connected to the equivalent impedance of the substrate.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the coupling resonance filtering principle comprises the following formula:
Figure FDA0003334839980000021
Figure FDA0003334839980000022
Figure FDA0003334839980000023
Figure FDA0003334839980000024
and the number of the first and second electrodes,
Figure FDA0003334839980000025
where δ is the relative bandwidth, ω0Is a central operating frequency, Z0Is free space impedance, q1And q is3To normalize the figure of merit, k1,2And k2,3Is a normalized coupling coefficient between resonance points, epsilon0Is the dielectric constant of free space, epsilonrH is the dielectric thickness of the base layer for the relative dielectric constant of the isolation dielectric.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the thickness h of the base layer medium is 1/20-1/5 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency, the cell size is 1/20-1/6 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency, and the relative dielectric constant ε of the base layer medium isrBetween 1 and 6.
7. The method according to claim 3, wherein the number of transmission poles is 2-5.
8. At step S3 of claim 3, a significant pole coupling state exists at normal incidence, i.e., a coupling state between the resonance pole formed by the single-layer bandpass FSS and the layer-coupling pole of the FSS.
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US20140118217A1 (en) * 2012-10-25 2014-05-01 Raytheon Company Multi-bandpass, dual-polarization radome with embedded gridded structures
CN107171043A (en) * 2017-06-02 2017-09-15 南京航空航天大学 Improve ultra-wide band connection frequency selection surface and its design method of angle stability
CN107623157A (en) * 2017-08-25 2018-01-23 大连理工大学 A kind of dual-passband design method based on multi-screen frequency-selective surfaces
CN110690539A (en) * 2019-10-22 2020-01-14 武汉灵动时代智能技术股份有限公司 Active frequency selective surface structure

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