CN113851725B - Quick-charging electrolyte and application - Google Patents

Quick-charging electrolyte and application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113851725B
CN113851725B CN202111093514.2A CN202111093514A CN113851725B CN 113851725 B CN113851725 B CN 113851725B CN 202111093514 A CN202111093514 A CN 202111093514A CN 113851725 B CN113851725 B CN 113851725B
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lithium
charging
electrolyte
carbonate
quick
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CN113851725A (en
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孙晓玉
李炳江
王立群
郑浪
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Nantong Saide Energy Co ltd
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Nantong Saide Energy Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0569Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0561Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
    • H01M10/0563Liquid materials, e.g. for Li-SOCl2 cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025Organic electrolyte
    • H01M2300/0028Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
    • H01M2300/0037Mixture of solvents
    • H01M2300/004Three solvents
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0088Composites
    • H01M2300/0091Composites in the form of mixtures
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a quick-charge electrolyte and application thereof, wherein the quick-charge electrolyte comprises a solvent, lithium salt and an additive; solvents include methyl formate, ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate; the additive is allyloxy trimethyl silicon; the mass ratio of the components in the solvent is preferably as follows: methyl formate: ethylene carbonate: methyl ethyl carbonate: dimethyl carbonate is 1: (1 to 3): (1 to 2): (1 to 4); the quick-charging electrolyte is applied to a lithium ion battery; according to the invention, a stable SEI film is formed on the surface of the negative electrode, so that lithium ion migration steric hindrance is reduced; the charging rate and the cycle performance of the obtained lithium ion battery are obviously improved.

Description

Quick-charging electrolyte and application
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a quick-charge electrolyte and application thereof.
Background
Currently, functional lithium ion batteries are the focus of research and development for various large application platforms. The demand of the fast secondary battery is further improved in the market, the fast charging battery can bear large current to carry out ultra-fast charging, the problem that the charging time of the electric vehicle is far longer than that of the conventional oiling is solved, and the battery with better performance in the aspect of fast charging is available in the market. However, terminal automobile manufacturers are always pursuing a lithium ion battery which is quick to charge, high in safety and long in cycle life.
The bottleneck of the rapid charging technology is the lithium intercalation capacity of the negative electrode and the conductivity of the electrolyte, wherein the ion conductivity of the electrolyte limits the conductivity of lithium ions between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and limits the rapid charging capacity and the safety of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a quick-charging electrolyte, which forms a stable SEI film on the surface of a negative electrode and reduces lithium ion migration steric hindrance.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a fast charge electrolyte comprising a solvent, a lithium salt and an additive;
solvents include methyl formate, ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate;
the additive is allyloxy trimethyl silicon (AMSL).
The mass ratio of the components in the solvent is preferably as follows:
methyl Formate (MF): ethylene Carbonate (EC): methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC): dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is 1: (1 to 3): (1 to 2): (1 to 4).
Preferably, the allyloxy trimethyl silicon accounts for 3 to 5 mass percent of the solvent. The AMSL dosage in the invention is 3% -5%, the dosage is too large, the cost is high, the dosage is too small, and a stable SEI film can not be formed.
The concentration of the lithium salt is preferably 1 to 2mol/L. The lithium salt is sufficient in dosage, and the greater the conductivity of the electrolyte is.
Preferably, the lithium salt comprises one or more of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bisoxalato borate, lithium perchlorate and lithium hexafluoroarsenate.
It is further preferred that the lithium salt includes lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium perchlorate, wherein the amount of the lithium hexafluorophosphate substance is 1 to 2 times that of lithium perchlorate. LiPF in the present invention 6 Is a lithium salt with high chemical stability and high solubility, is environment-friendly, and is suitable for the solvent system; liClO (LiClO) 4 Has strong oxidizing property, is applied to electrolyte to effectively improve conductivity, and is used together with AMSL with strong reducing property, and AMSL and LiClO are used together 4 The stable SEI film is formed by effective reaction, positive lithium is not consumed, and the cycle performance is effectively improved.
Preferably, the amount of ethyl methyl carbonate is less than or equal to the amount of ethylene carbonate. In the invention, the EMC is excessive, the MF is compressed, and the dissolution of the AMSL is affected.
The invention further aims to provide a quick-charge lithium ion battery, the quick-charge electrolyte is used, a stable SEI film is formed on the surface of a negative electrode, and the charging multiplying power and the cycle performance are obviously improved.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a fast-charging lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and the fast-charging electrolyte;
the active material of the negative electrode is graphite.
Preferably, the mass ratio of methyl formate, ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate in the quick-charging electrolyte is 1:3:2:4, a step of;
the concentration of lithium salt is 2mol/L;
the allyloxy trimethyl silicon accounts for 5% of the solvent by mass.
Preferred lithium salts include lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium perchlorate, wherein lithium hexafluorophosphate is 2 times the mass of lithium perchlorate. The invention uses lithium salt LiPF 6 Collocating LiClO 4 On the other hand, by adding the additive AMSL to interact with LiClO4, a stable SEI film is formed on the surface of the negative electrode, and the cycle life is prolonged.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the additive in the electrolyte is allyloxy trimethyl silicon (AMSL), the AMSL has strong reducibility, lithium ions are preferentially obtained to generate chemical reaction, the product can be attached to the surface of a negative electrode and is a part of an SEI film, and a stable SEI film is formed to cover the surface of a graphite negative electrode; wherein, both the AMSL and the DMC have oxygen-containing groups, and when the AMSL and the lithium salt form an SEI film according to a similar compatibility principle, the DMC can exist on the SEI film surface layer, and a mixed phase is formed on the SEI film surface layer, so that the lithium ion migration steric hindrance is reduced; according to the invention, the synergy between the AMSL and the solvent is desolvated, the steric hindrance of ion intercalation is reduced, the conductivity of the electrolyte is increased, the charging rate is improved, and the cycle performance of the battery is improved;
the solvent is a composition of Methyl Formate (MF), ethylene Carbonate (EC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC); the carbonic acid ester additive EC is a necessary solvent, and has a certain film forming effect, so that the EC is used as a solvent on one hand and is used as a film forming additive on the other hand; MF is a proportioning solvent to help dissolve the lithium salt additive; DMC has good electrochemical stability and low viscosity, is favorable for improving conductivity, can generate synergistic effect with AMSL to form stable SEI film, and is suitable for electrolyte containing AMSL system; EMC is a polar solvent, and is used together with EC to help EC to form a film;
the quick-charging electrolyte provided by the invention effectively improves the charging multiplying power of the battery and improves the cycle performance of the battery.
Thereby achieving the above object of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the cycle performance curves (1C/1C, 25 ℃) of lithium ion batteries produced from the electrolytes obtained in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention and comparative examples.
Detailed Description
In order to further explain the technical scheme of the invention, the invention is explained in detail by specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a quick-charging electrolyte, which comprises the following specific components:
solvent (mass ratio): MF: EC: EMC dmc=1: 1:1:1, a step of;
the concentration of lithium salt is 1mol/L; liPF (LiPF) 6 With LiClO 4 The molar ratio is 1:1, a step of;
the mass percentage of the additive AMSL in the solvent is 3%.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a quick-charging electrolyte, which comprises the following specific components:
solvent (mass ratio): MF: EC: EMC dmc=1: 2:2:3, a step of;
lithium salt: 1.3mol/L; liPF (LiPF) 6 With LiClO 4 The molar ratio is 1.3:1, a step of;
the mass percentage of the additive AMSL in the solvent is 4%.
Example 3
The embodiment discloses a quick-charging electrolyte, which comprises the following specific components:
solvent (mass ratio): MF: EC: EMC dmc=1: 3:2:3, a step of;
lithium salt: 1.6mol/L; liPF (LiPF) 6 With LiClO 4 The molar ratio is 1.6:1, a step of;
additive: AMSL 5%.
Example 4
The embodiment discloses a quick-charging electrolyte, which comprises the following specific components:
solvent: MF: EC: EMC dmc=1: 3:2:4, a step of;
lithium salt: 2mol/L; liPF (LiPF) 6 :LiClO 4 =2:1;
The additive AMSL accounts for 5% of the mass of the solvent.
Comparative example
The embodiment discloses a quick-charging electrolyte, which comprises the following specific components:
solvent (mass ratio): EC: EMC dmc=1: 1:1, a step of;
lithium salt: 1mol/L; liPF (LiPF) 6
The electrolytes obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples were tested for conductivity, and are shown in table 1 in detail.
Table 1 conductivity of the electrolytes obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative example
Group of Conductivity (S/cm)
Comparative example 6.4
Example 1 7.7
Example 2 7.8
Example 3 7.9
Example 4 8.1
As can be seen from Table 1, the electrolyte provided by the invention has higher conductivity than the electrolyte of the comparative example, and the conductivity increases with the increase of the lithium salt. The electrolyte is injected into a dry battery of 2000mAh, the battery is activated after formation, and the rate charging test and the cycle test are carried out, wherein the rate charging test is carried out by charging at different rates, the charge amount (mAh) is recorded as shown in Table 2, and the cycle performance test is shown in FIG. 1.
The positive electrode material of the dry battery is lithium iron phosphate, and the negative electrode material is artificial graphite.
Table 2 rate charge test of lithium ion batteries obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative example
As can be seen from table 2, the charging capacity of the comparative example battery is obviously reduced along with the increase of the charging rate, and when the charging rate reaches 4C, the charging capacity of the comparative example battery drops off, which indicates that the internal conductivity of the electrolyte is insufficient and cannot bear the migration of lithium ions with large rate; examples 1-4 show that the charge level fluctuation is smaller with increasing charge rate, and the charge level of example 4 reaches 1979mAh when the charge rate is increased to 5C, with good quick charge performance.
As can be seen from fig. 1, in the comparative example in which no AMSL was added, the SEI film was unstable in the late cycle, resulting in the loss of positive lithium ions, and the overall battery capacity was fast decayed; examples 1 to 4 addition of AMSL and LiClO 4 And the SEI repairing process is carried out by replacing lithium ions in the positive electrode, so that the whole battery is slow in cycle attenuation and gentle in cycle curve.
The quick-charging electrolyte provided by the invention has high conductivity, and can be applied to a battery to improve the charging multiplying power and the cycle life of the battery.

Claims (5)

1. The fast-charging electrolyte is characterized in that: including solvents, lithium salts, and additives;
solvents include methyl formate, ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate;
the additive is allyloxy trisilane;
the mass ratio of the components in the solvent is as follows:
methyl formate: ethylene carbonate: methyl ethyl carbonate: dimethyl carbonate is 1: (1 to 3): (1 to 2): (1 to 4);
the allyloxy trisilane accounts for 3 to 5 percent of the mass of the solvent;
the lithium salt includes lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium perchlorate, wherein the amount of lithium hexafluorophosphate is 1 to 2 times that of lithium perchlorate;
the amount of methyl ethyl carbonate is less than or equal to the amount of ethylene carbonate.
2. A fast charge electrolyte as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the concentration of the lithium salt is 1 to 2mol/L.
3. A fast-charging lithium ion battery is characterized in that: comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and the fast-charging electrolyte of any one of claims 1 or 2;
the active material of the negative electrode is graphite.
4. The fast-charging lithium-ion battery of claim 3, wherein: the mass ratio of methyl formate, ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate in the quick-charging electrolyte is 1:3:2:4, a step of;
the concentration of lithium salt is 2mol/L;
the allyloxy trisilane accounts for 5% of the solvent by mass.
5. The fast-charging lithium-ion battery of claim 3, wherein: the lithium salt includes lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium perchlorate, wherein the amount of lithium hexafluorophosphate material is 2 times that of lithium perchlorate.
CN202111093514.2A 2021-09-17 2021-09-17 Quick-charging electrolyte and application Active CN113851725B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108063280A (en) * 2017-12-23 2018-05-22 清远佳致新材料研究院有限公司 Lithium-ion battery electrolytes
CN108470939A (en) * 2018-03-31 2018-08-31 广东天劲新能源科技股份有限公司 A kind of heat safe electrolyte of big multiplying power and lithium ion battery
CN110190331A (en) * 2019-06-18 2019-08-30 郑州中科新兴产业技术研究院 A kind of electrolyte, preparation and its application on firm lithium ion battery silicon-carbon surface
CN111048833A (en) * 2019-10-30 2020-04-21 深圳市卓能新能源股份有限公司 High-voltage electrolyte and high-voltage lithium ion power battery
CN111987362A (en) * 2020-10-09 2020-11-24 昆山宝创新能源科技有限公司 Lithium ion battery electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108063280A (en) * 2017-12-23 2018-05-22 清远佳致新材料研究院有限公司 Lithium-ion battery electrolytes
CN108470939A (en) * 2018-03-31 2018-08-31 广东天劲新能源科技股份有限公司 A kind of heat safe electrolyte of big multiplying power and lithium ion battery
CN110190331A (en) * 2019-06-18 2019-08-30 郑州中科新兴产业技术研究院 A kind of electrolyte, preparation and its application on firm lithium ion battery silicon-carbon surface
CN111048833A (en) * 2019-10-30 2020-04-21 深圳市卓能新能源股份有限公司 High-voltage electrolyte and high-voltage lithium ion power battery
CN111987362A (en) * 2020-10-09 2020-11-24 昆山宝创新能源科技有限公司 Lithium ion battery electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof

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