CN113851262A

CN113851262A - Balanced heat conduction structure of cable for high-power liquid-cooling charging gun and manufacturing method

Info

Publication number: CN113851262A
Application number: CN202111156868.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘玉峰
Original assignee: Dongguan Paigerui Electric Co ltd
Current assignee: Dongguan Paigerui Electric Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-30
Filing date: 2021-09-30
Publication date: 2021-12-28

Abstract

The invention discloses a balanced heat conduction structure of a cable for a high-power liquid-cooling charging gun and a manufacturing method thereof, and relates to the technical field of cables, which comprises a cable assembly, wherein the inside of the cable assembly is of a symmetrical structure, the outside of the cable assembly is fixedly connected with a detection mechanism, a copper foil or an aluminum foil is coated outside an insulating layer of each group of power wire cores, a metal foil film is coated outside each group of cooling water pipes, a heat conduction filling layer is made of carbon fiber or graphene fiber materials, so that the heat conduction efficiency in a main cable core is increased, heat generated in the core of the main cable is conducted into the cooling water pipes, the maximum heat exchange efficiency is realized, a metal heat conduction balanced layer and a heat insulation layer are sequentially connected in a sheath, the heat insulation layer enables the heat generated in the cable assembly to be conducted into the cooling water pipes as far as possible, but not conducted to the sheath, and the heat conduction balanced layer enables the heat in each direction of the sheath to be conducted quickly, the surface temperature of the sheath is balanced.

Description

Balanced heat conduction structure of cable for high-power liquid-cooling charging gun and manufacturing method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of cables, in particular to a balanced heat conduction structure of a cable for a high-power liquid-cooling charging gun and a manufacturing method of the balanced heat conduction structure.

Background

The principle of the liquid-cooled high-power charging cable is that a large amount of heat generated by the cable is conducted and cooled through a liquid cooling system to increase the current-carrying capacity, and therefore the purpose of high-power charging is achieved. The surface of the cable is circular, the cooling pipe is also circular, and the contact area is small; due to the limitation of functions of the actual cable, the structure among the wire cores is not beneficial to balance heat conduction and heat dissipation, so that the heat conduction in the cable is not uniform, and the heat cannot be conducted into the liquid cooling circulation system with the highest efficiency; the temperature of a sheath of the charging cable is uneven, the temperature of the surface close to the cooling pipe is low, the temperature of the surface far away from the cooling pipe is high, and the temperature cannot reach a balanced temperature due to the fact that cold and heat conduction exchange cannot be conducted.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a balanced heat conduction structure of a cable for a high-power liquid-cooling charging gun and a manufacturing method thereof, and solves the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a balanced heat conduction structure of a cable for a high-power liquid-cooling charging gun, which comprises a cable assembly, wherein the inside of the cable assembly is of a symmetrical structure, and the outside of the cable assembly is fixedly connected with a detection mechanism;

the cable assembly comprises a power cable core, a signal cable core, a grounding cable core and a main cable core formed by twisting a cooling water pipe and a sheath coated outside the main cable core, wherein a metal heat conduction balancing layer and a heat insulation layer are sequentially connected inside the sheath, and a heat conduction filling layer with good heat conductivity is seamlessly filled in a gap between the inside of the heat insulation layer and the main cable core.

Preferably, every group the outside cladding of insulating layer of power sinle silk has copper foil or aluminium foil, every group condenser tube's outside all cladding has the metal foil membrane, the heat conduction filling layer is carbon fiber or graphite alkene fiber material, metal heat conduction balanced layer is metal mesh or metal foil membrane structure.

Preferably, the detection mechanism comprises an upper fixing piece and a lower fixing piece, the outer surface of the upper fixing piece is fixedly connected with a connecting frame, the inner part of the connecting frame is fixedly connected with a limiting assembly, the clamping end of the limiting assembly is connected with a temperature sensor in a clamping mode, and a detection unit is fixedly mounted on the inner side face of the connecting frame.

Preferably, go up the surface of mounting and be located the both sides fixedly connected with a plurality of groups fixture block of connecting frame, the top of going up the mounting and the external connection that is located the connecting frame have the shell, fixture block and shell are the block connection, it has two sets of sealing washers all to embed with the inside of lower mounting to go up the mounting, it forms fixed connection through a plurality of groups fastening bolt with lower mounting to go up the mounting.

Preferably, the limiting assembly comprises a fixed block and a moving block, a wire barrel is fixedly connected to the inside of the fixed block, a bearing is fixedly connected to the inside of the moving block, a lead screw is rotatably connected to the inside of the wire barrel, the outside of one end of the lead screw is fixedly connected to the inside of the bearing, two groups of first swing arms and two groups of second swing arms are respectively and symmetrically and fixedly connected to the outside of the fixed block and the outside of the moving block, and two groups of clamping blocks are respectively and commonly connected to the inside of the first swing arms and the inside of the two groups of second swing arms.

Preferably, the side face of the fixing block is fixedly connected with the inner side face of the connecting frame, and the other end of the screw rod penetrates through the side wall of the connecting frame.

Preferably, the detection unit comprises a single chip microcomputer, a data storage module and a wireless transmission module, and the single chip microcomputer is electrically connected with the data storage module and the wireless transmission module respectively.

Preferably, the bottom of the temperature sensor penetrates through the upper fixing piece and the sheath in sequence, the bottom end of the temperature sensor is attached to the outer surface of the metal heat conduction balancing layer, and the temperature sensor is electrically connected with the single chip microcomputer.

In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing a balanced heat conduction structure of a cable for a high-power liquid-cooling charging gun, including the following steps:

s1, sequentially preparing a power wire core, a signal wire core, a grounding wire core and a cooling water pipe, coating a copper foil or an aluminum foil on the outer part of an insulating layer of the power wire core, and coating a metal foil film on the outer part of the cooling water pipe;

s2, preparing carbon fibers or graphene fibers into a heat conduction filling layer, and preparing a metal heat conduction balancing layer into a metal mesh or metal foil membrane structure;

s3, twisting the power wire core, the signal wire core, the grounding wire core and the cooling water pipe into a main cable core, seamlessly filling a heat-conducting filling layer in gaps, and then sequentially coating a heat-insulating layer and a metal heat-conducting balancing layer outside the main cable core and the heat-conducting filling layer;

and S4, extruding a sheath outside the metal heat conduction equalization layer.

Advantageous effects

The invention provides a balanced heat conduction structure of a cable for a high-power liquid-cooling charging gun and a manufacturing method thereof. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:

1. the outside cladding of insulating layer of every group power sinle silk has copper foil or aluminium foil, every group condenser tube's the outside all cladding has the metal foil membrane, the heat conduction filling layer is carbon fiber or graphite alkene fiber material, then increase the inside heat conduction efficiency of main cable core, the heat conduction that makes the inside production of main cable core gets into condenser tube, realize heat exchange's maximum efficiency, and the inside of sheath has connected gradually metal heat conduction balancing layer and heat preservation insulating layer, the heat preservation insulating layer lets the inside heat of taking place of cable subassembly bring into condenser tube as far as, and not to the sheath conduction, metal heat conduction balancing layer then lets the heat of sheath all directions can the rapid conduction, the surface temperature who realizes the sheath all directions reaches the equilibrium and through the effect of heat-conduction cooling.

2. Fixing piece and sheath run through in proper order through temperature sensor's bottom, and temperature sensor's bottom and the surface of metal heat conduction balancing layer laminate mutually, carry out real-time supervision and generate data information transmission to the singlechip by temperature sensor to the surface temperature of metal heat conduction balancing layer, the singlechip contrasts data with the temperature data that sets up in advance in the data storage module, when metal heat conduction balancing layer surface temperature is higher than the temperature data that sets up in advance, through wireless transmission module with information transmission to cell-phone, indicate the personnel, and by the automatic control of singlechip reduce the charging power or stop charging, and then reduce the inside heat that produces of cable subassembly.

3. Go up mounting and lower mounting block connection in cable subassembly's outside through fastening bolt, pass mounting and sheath with temperature sensor in proper order, make the bottom laminate with the surface of metal heat conduction balancing layer mutually, it is spacing to carry out the centre gripping to temperature sensor by spacing subassembly, the installation of the temperature sensor of being convenient for is dismantled, carry out the block through a plurality of groups of fixture blocks and shell and be connected, make the top of link frame and the inside top of shell to laminating, make it form airtight space, avoid rainwater and dust to get into and cause the damage to temperature sensor and detecting element.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cable assembly according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a detecting mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a spacing assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of the detecting unit of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a cable assembly; 11. a power wire core; 12. a signal wire core; 13. a grounding wire core; 14. a cooling water pipe; 15. a thermally conductive filler layer; 16. a heat insulation layer; 17. a metal heat conduction equalization layer; 18. a sheath; 2. a detection mechanism; 21. an upper fixing member; 22. a lower fixing member; 23. a connecting frame; 24. a limiting component; 241. a fixed block; 242. a moving block; 243. a wire barrel; 244. a bearing; 245. a screw rod; 246. a first swing arm; 247. a second swing arm; 248. a clamping block; 25. a temperature sensor; 26. a detection unit; 261. a single chip microcomputer; 262. a data storage module; 263. a wireless transmission module; 27. a clamping block; 28. a housing; 29. a seal ring; 210. and fastening the bolt.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: the utility model provides a balanced heat conduction structure of high-power liquid cooling cable for rifle that charges, includes cable subassembly 1, and the inside of cable subassembly 1 is symmetrical structure, and the outside fixedly connected with detection mechanism 2 of cable subassembly 1.

Referring to fig. 2, the cable assembly 1 includes a power core 11, a signal core 12, a ground core 13, a main cable core formed by twisting cooling water pipes 14, and a sheath 18 covering the main cable core, the inside of the sheath 18 is connected with a metal heat conduction equalizing layer 17 and a heat insulation layer 16 in sequence, a heat conduction filling layer 15 with good heat conductivity is seamlessly filled in a gap inside the heat insulation layer 16 and located in the main cable core, the insulating layer outside of each group of power cores 11 is covered with a copper foil or an aluminum foil, the outside of each group of cooling water pipes 14 is covered with a metal foil film, the heat conduction filling layer 15 is made of carbon fiber or graphene fiber material, and the metal heat conduction equalizing layer 17 is made of a metal mesh or metal foil film structure.

Cable component 1 is in the in-service use, the outside cladding of insulating layer through every group power sinle silk 11 has copper foil or aluminium foil, every group condenser tube 14's outside all cladding has the metal foil membrane, heat conduction filling layer 15 is carbon fiber or graphite alkene fiber material, then increase the inside heat conduction efficiency of main cable core, the heat conduction that makes the inside production of main cable core gets into condenser tube 14, realize heat exchange's maximum efficiency, and the inside of sheath 18 has connected gradually metal heat conduction balancing layer 17 and heat preservation insulating layer 16, heat preservation insulating layer 16 lets the heat that cable component 1 inside takes place bring into condenser tube 14 as far as, and not to sheath 18 conduction, metal heat conduction balancing layer 17 then lets the heat of sheath 18 all directions can the quick conduction, realize that the surface temperature of sheath 18 all directions reaches the equilibrium and through the effect of heat-conduction cooling.

Referring to fig. 3, the detecting mechanism 2 includes an upper fixing member 21 and a lower fixing member 22, an outer surface of the upper fixing member 21 is fixedly connected with a connecting frame 23, an inner portion of the connecting frame 23 is fixedly connected with a limiting component 24, a clamping end of the limiting component 24 is connected with a temperature sensor 25 in a clamping manner, an inner side surface of the connecting frame 23 is fixedly provided with a detecting unit 26, a plurality of groups of clamping blocks 27 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the upper fixing member 21 and located on two sides of the connecting frame 23, an outer shell 28 is connected to the upper portion of the upper fixing member 21 and located on the outer portion of the connecting frame 23 in a clamping manner, the clamping blocks 27 are connected to the outer shell 28 in a clamping manner, two groups of sealing rings 29 are embedded in the upper fixing member 21 and the lower fixing member 22, and the upper fixing member 21 and the lower fixing member 22 are fixedly connected through a plurality of groups of fastening bolts 210.

In actual use, the detection mechanism 2 connects the upper fixing member 21 and the lower fixing member 22 in the outside of the cable assembly 1 in a clamping manner through the fastening bolt 210, the temperature sensor 25 sequentially penetrates through the upper fixing member 21 and the sheath 18, the bottom end is attached to the outer surface of the metal heat conduction equalizing layer 17, the temperature sensor 25 is clamped and limited by the limiting assembly 24, the connection is carried out in a clamping manner through a plurality of groups of clamping blocks 27 and the shell 28, the top end of the connecting frame 23 is attached to the top end inside the shell 28, a closed space is formed, and rainwater and dust are prevented from entering the temperature sensor 25 and the detection unit 26 and being damaged.

Referring to fig. 4, the limiting assembly 24 includes a fixed block 241 and a moving block 242, a wire barrel 243 is fixedly connected inside the fixed block 241, a bearing 244 is fixedly connected inside the moving block 242, a lead screw 245 is rotatably connected inside the wire barrel 243, an outer portion of one end of the lead screw 245 is fixedly connected with an inner portion of the bearing 244, two sets of first swing arms 246 and two sets of second swing arms 247 are symmetrically and fixedly connected outside the fixed block 241 and the moving block 242, two sets of clamping blocks 248 are commonly connected inside the two sets of first swing arms 246 and the two sets of second swing arms 247, a side surface of the fixed block 241 is fixedly connected with an inner side surface of the connecting frame 23, and the other end of the lead screw 245 penetrates through a side wall of the connecting frame 23.

In practical use, when the limiting assembly 24 rotates through the lead screw 245, the moving block 242 moves under the action of the lead screw 243 and the bearing 244, and then the two sets of second swing arms 247 drive the two sets of clamping blocks 248 to move towards the middle or the outside synchronously.

Referring to fig. 5, the detection unit 26 includes a single chip 261, a data storage module 262 and a wireless transmission module 263, the single chip 261 is electrically connected to the data storage module 262 and the wireless transmission module 263 respectively, the bottom of the temperature sensor 25 sequentially penetrates through the upper fixing member 21 and the sheath 18, the bottom of the temperature sensor 25 is attached to the outer surface of the metal heat conduction equalization layer 17, and the temperature sensor 25 is electrically connected to the single chip 261.

In actual use, the detection unit 26 monitors the surface temperature of the metal heat conduction equalization layer 17 in real time through the temperature sensor 25 and generates data information to be transmitted to the single chip microcomputer 261, the single chip microcomputer 261 compares the data information with preset temperature data in the data storage module 262, when the surface temperature of the metal heat conduction equalization layer 17 is higher than the preset temperature data, the information is transmitted to the mobile phone through the wireless transmission module 263 to prompt a person, and the single chip microcomputer 261 automatically controls and reduces the charging power or stops charging.

In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a manufacturing method of the balanced heat conduction structure of the cable for the high-power liquid cooling charging gun, which comprises the following steps:

s1, sequentially preparing a power wire core 11, a signal wire core 12, a grounding wire core 13 and a cooling water pipe 14, coating a copper foil or an aluminum foil on the outside of an insulating layer of the power wire core 11, and coating a metal foil film on the outside of the cooling water pipe 14;

s2, preparing the carbon fibers or the graphene fibers into a heat conduction filling layer 15, and preparing the metal heat conduction balancing layer 17 into a metal mesh or metal foil membrane structure;

s3, twisting the power wire core 11, the signal wire core 12, the grounding wire core 13 and the cooling water pipe 14 into a main cable core, seamlessly filling the heat-conducting filling layer 15 in gaps, and then sequentially coating the heat-insulating layer 16 and the metal heat-conducting balancing layer 17 outside the main cable core and the heat-conducting filling layer 15;

and S4, extruding a sheath 18 outside the metal heat conduction equalization layer 17.

When the temperature sensor is used, the upper fixing piece 21 and the lower fixing piece 22 are firstly clamped and connected to the outside of the cable assembly 1 through the fastening bolt 210, the temperature sensor 25 sequentially penetrates through the upper fixing piece 21 and the sheath 18, the bottom end of the temperature sensor is attached to the outer surface of the metal heat conduction equalizing layer 17, the screw rod 245 rotates, the moving block 242 moves under the action of the wire barrel 243 and the bearing 244, the two groups of second swing arms 247 drive the two groups of clamping blocks 248 to synchronously clamp and limit the temperature sensor 25 towards the middle, the top end of the connecting frame 23 is attached to the top end inside the shell 28 through the clamping connection of the plurality of groups of clamping blocks 27 and the shell 28, a closed space is formed, and rainwater and dust are prevented from entering to damage the temperature sensor 25 and the detection unit 26;

the copper foil or the aluminum foil is coated outside the insulating layer of each group of power wire cores 11, the metal foil film is coated outside each group of cooling water pipes 14, the heat-conducting filling layer 15 is made of carbon fiber or graphene fiber materials, so that the heat-conducting efficiency inside the main cable core is increased, heat generated inside the main cable core is conducted to enter the cooling water pipes 14, the maximum efficiency of heat exchange is realized, the metal heat-conducting equalizing layer 17 and the heat-insulating layer 16 are sequentially connected inside the sheath 18, the heat generated inside the cable assembly 1 is brought into the cooling water pipes 14 as far as possible by the heat-insulating layer 16 instead of being conducted to the sheath 18, and the heat in all directions of the sheath 18 can be quickly conducted by the metal heat-conducting equalizing layer 17, so that the surface temperature in all directions of the sheath 18 is balanced and is cooled through heat conduction;

carry out real-time supervision and generate data message transmission to singlechip 261 through temperature sensor 25 to the surface temperature of metal heat conduction equalizer layer 17, singlechip 261 compares data message and the temperature data that preset in data storage module 262, when metal heat conduction equalizer layer 17 surface temperature is higher than preset temperature data, transmit information to the cell-phone through wireless transmission module 263, indicate the personnel, and control by singlechip 261 automatic and reduce the charging power or stop charging.

In the embodiment, the temperature sensor 25 is PT100, the single chip 261 is AT89C2051, and the structural features, the operating principle and the specific circuit structure electrically connected to the outside of the above components are all the prior art, and will not be described in detail herein.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The balanced heat conduction structure of the cable for the high-power liquid cooling charging gun comprises a cable assembly (1) and is characterized in that the inside of the cable assembly (1) is of a symmetrical structure, and a detection mechanism (2) is fixedly connected to the outside of the cable assembly (1);

the cable assembly (1) comprises a main cable core formed by twisting a power cable core (11), a signal cable core (12), a ground cable core (13) and a cooling water pipe (14) and a sheath (18) coated outside the main cable core, wherein a metal heat conduction equalizing layer (17) and a heat insulation layer (16) are sequentially connected inside the sheath (18), and a heat conduction filling layer (15) with good heat conductivity is seamlessly filled in a gap between the heat insulation layer (16) and the main cable core.

2. The balanced heat conduction structure of the cable for the high-power liquid-cooling charging gun according to claim 1, wherein the insulating layer of each group of the power wire cores (11) is externally coated with a copper foil or an aluminum foil, the cooling water pipes (14) of each group are externally coated with a metal foil film, the heat conduction filling layer (15) is made of carbon fiber or graphene fiber materials, and the metal heat conduction balanced layer (17) is in a metal mesh or metal foil film structure.

3. The balanced heat conduction structure of the cable for the high-power liquid-cooling charging gun according to claim 1, wherein the detection mechanism (2) comprises an upper fixing member (21) and a lower fixing member (22), a connection frame (23) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the upper fixing member (21), a limiting component (24) is fixedly connected to the inner part of the connection frame (23), a temperature sensor (25) is connected to the clamping end of the limiting component (24) in a clamping manner, and a detection unit (26) is fixedly mounted on the inner side surface of the connection frame (23).

4. The balanced heat conduction structure of the cable for the high-power liquid-cooled charging gun according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of groups of fixture blocks (27) are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the upper fixing member (21) and located on two sides of the connecting frame (23), a housing (28) is connected to the upper side of the upper fixing member (21) and located outside the connecting frame (23), the fixture blocks (27) and the housing (28) are connected in a clamping manner, two groups of sealing rings (29) are embedded in the upper fixing member (21) and the lower fixing member (22), and the upper fixing member (21) and the lower fixing member (22) are fixedly connected through a plurality of groups of fastening bolts (210).

5. The balanced heat conduction structure of the cable for the high-power liquid-cooled charging gun according to claim 3, wherein the limiting assembly (24) comprises a fixed block (241) and a moving block (242), a wire barrel (243) is fixedly connected to the inside of the fixed block (241), a bearing (244) is fixedly connected to the inside of the moving block (242), a lead screw (245) is rotatably connected to the inside of the wire barrel (243), the outside of one end of the lead screw (245) is fixedly connected to the inside of the bearing (244), two sets of first swing arms (246) and two sets of second swing arms (247) are respectively and symmetrically and fixedly connected to the outside of the fixed block (241) and the moving block (242), and two sets of clamping blocks (248) are respectively and commonly connected to the inside of the two sets of first swing arms (246) and the two sets of second swing arms (247).

6. The balanced heat conduction structure of the cable for the high-power liquid-cooled charging gun according to claim 5, wherein the side surface of the fixing block (241) is fixedly connected with the inner side surface of the connecting frame (23), and the other end of the screw rod (245) penetrates through the side wall of the connecting frame (23).

7. The balanced heat conduction structure of the cable for the high-power liquid-cooled charging gun according to claim 3, wherein the detection unit (26) comprises a single chip microcomputer (261), a data storage module (262) and a wireless transmission module (263), and the single chip microcomputer (261) is electrically connected with the data storage module (262) and the wireless transmission module (263) respectively.

8. The balanced heat conduction structure of the cable for the high-power liquid-cooled charging gun according to claim 7, wherein the bottom of the temperature sensor (25) sequentially penetrates through the upper fixing member (21) and the sheath (18), the bottom end of the temperature sensor (25) is attached to the outer surface of the metal heat conduction balanced layer (17), and the temperature sensor (25) is electrically connected with the single chip microcomputer (261).

9. A manufacturing method of a balanced heat conduction structure of a cable for a high-power liquid-cooling charging gun is based on any one of the balanced heat conduction structures of the cables for the high-power liquid-cooling charging guns, which is disclosed by claims 1 to 8, and comprises the following steps:

s1, sequentially preparing a power wire core (11), a signal wire core (12), a grounding wire core (13) and a cooling water pipe (14), coating a copper foil or an aluminum foil on the outside of an insulating layer of the power wire core (11), and coating a metal foil film on the outside of the cooling water pipe (14);

s2, preparing the carbon fibers or the graphene fibers into a heat conduction filling layer (15), and preparing the metal heat conduction balancing layer (17) into a metal mesh or metal foil membrane structure;

s3, twisting the power wire core (11), the signal wire core (12), the grounding wire core (13) and the cooling water pipe (14) into a main cable core, seamlessly filling a heat-conducting filling layer (15) in gaps, and then sequentially coating a heat-insulating layer (16) and a metal heat-conducting balancing layer (17) outside the main cable core and the heat-conducting filling layer (15);

s4, extruding a sheath (18) outside the metal heat conduction equalization layer (17).