CN113848477A - 一种多相永磁同步电机匝间短路故障诊断方法 - Google Patents

一种多相永磁同步电机匝间短路故障诊断方法 Download PDF

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CN113848477A
CN113848477A CN202111212455.6A CN202111212455A CN113848477A CN 113848477 A CN113848477 A CN 113848477A CN 202111212455 A CN202111212455 A CN 202111212455A CN 113848477 A CN113848477 A CN 113848477A
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钱林方
陈龙淼
孙乐
徐亚栋
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种多相永磁同步电机定子绕组匝间短路故障诊断方法。首先,采集永磁同步电机驱动系统的各相相电压和相电流,并根据各相的电压方程预估相电流的大小得到预估电流;其次,将电机的实际相电流与预估电流相减得到剩余电流;然后,利用剩余电流的关系,根据设置的故障标志,判断电机是否发生故障,进一步根据故障标志定位故障相。本发明计算简单,易于实现,准确度高,不仅能实现多相永磁同步电机定子绕组匝间短路故障检测,而且还能实现单相和两相故障的分类以及故障相定位。

Description

一种多相永磁同步电机匝间短路故障诊断方法
技术领域
本发明属于故障诊断技术领域,具体为一种多相永磁同步电机匝间短路故障诊断方法。
背景技术
多相永磁同步电机具有容错能力强、功率密度高、效率高、转矩密度高等优点。近年来,在风力发电、航空航天、军事等场合得到了广泛关注和使用。
永磁同步电机工作时,具有复杂的机电能量转换过程,在长期运行中,受负载工况和运行环境的影响,某些部件会逐渐失效或损坏。它的典型故障部件包括定子绕组、变换器、电机轴承以及控制系统的关键传感器等,其中电机中38%的故障是由定子绕组引起的。其中,匝间短路是一种破环性极强的故障,主要指同一相邻两匝或数匝线圈之间由于绝缘破坏而发生短路。匝间短路故障会在短路回路中长生较大的涡流,如果这种故障没有被检测到,未能采取相应的解决方案,就会导致永磁体退磁,单相接地短路或相间短路等故障,使电机的温度不断增加,最终使得电机损坏。因此,需要及时地诊断永磁同步电机的定子绕组故障。目前,针对三相电机已经提出一系列故障诊断的方法等,但对于多相电机没有行之有效的方法,尤其是多相电机的多相绕组发生匝间短路情况。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提出了一种多相永磁同步电机匝间短路故障诊断方法,该方法不仅能实现多相永磁同步电机定子绕组匝间短路故障检测,而且还能实现单相和两相故障的分类以及故障相定位。
实现本发明目的的技术方案为:一种多相永磁同步电机定子绕组匝间短路故障诊断方法,具体步骤为:
步骤1:采集永磁同步电机驱动系统的相电压和定子相电流;
步骤2:将采集的相电压代入永磁同步电机的电压方程,根据电机的数学模型预测相电流;
步骤3:根据采集的定子相电流与预测相电流的差值得到剩余电流,并计算剩余电流中基波的幅值和初始相位角;
步骤4:根据剩余电流中基波的幅值与初始相位角,比较两相之间的幅值与相位,若两相幅值与相位的差值在阈值以内,则两相为健康相,否则两相至少有一相为故障相。
优选地,步骤2中永磁同步电机为五相永磁同步电机,五相永磁同步电机数学模型中相电压方程和预测相电流的表达式为:
Figure BDA0003309408190000021
式中:[vs h]为相电压,[is h]为相电流,eh是反电动势
Figure BDA0003309408190000022
为定子电压矩阵表达式,,
Figure BDA0003309408190000023
为定子电流矩阵表达式;
Figure BDA0003309408190000024
为五相绕组电阻和电感矩阵表达式,Vabcde分别是各相相电压;iabcde分别是各相相电流;Rs是相电阻;M是互感;L是自感;
Figure BDA0003309408190000025
为空载反电动势,其中ΨPM,abcde分别是各相磁链,θe是电机转子电角度。
本发明与现有技术相比,其显著优点为:本发明不仅能检测匝间短路故障,而且还能故障分类以及定位故障相;本发明计算简单,易于实现,准确度高。
附图说明
图1为带五相永磁同步电机的剩余电流流通路径等效图。
图2为一种多相永磁同步电机匝间短路故障诊断方法的框图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作更进一步的说明。
如图2所示,一种多相永磁同步电机匝间短路故障诊断方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:采集永磁同步电机驱动系统的相电压和定子相电流;
步骤2:将采集的相电压代入多相永磁同步电机的电压方程,根据电机的数学模型预测相电流;
步骤3:根据采集相电流与预测相电流的差值得到剩余电流,并计算剩余电流中基波的幅值和初始相位角;
步骤4:根据剩余电流中基波的幅值与初始相位角,比较两相的幅值与相位,若两相幅值与相位的差值在阈值以内,则两相为健康相,否则两相至少有一相为故障相。以此实现匝间短路故障的检测、分类和故障相定位。
实施例
下面以五相电机为例对本方面进行说明:
五相永磁同步电机定子绕组的电压方程在abcde坐标系下表示为
Figure BDA0003309408190000031
其中:
Figure BDA0003309408190000032
为定子电压矩阵表达式,
Figure BDA0003309408190000033
为定子电流矩阵表达式;
Figure BDA0003309408190000034
为五相绕组电阻和电感矩阵表达式;
Figure BDA0003309408190000041
为空载反电动势。
当电机发生两相匝间短路故障匝间短路故障时,以A,B两相发生匝间短路故障为例,A相短路匝数比为ua,B相短路匝数比为ub,故障匝之间的接触电阻分别为Rfa和Rfb,电压方程表达式如下:
Figure BDA0003309408190000042
其中:
Figure BDA0003309408190000043
Figure BDA0003309408190000044
根据上述电压分解为健康电压与剩余电压:
[Vsf,abcde]=[Vsh,abcde]+[Vrf,abcde] (4)
可以从剩余电压中提取故障信息,剩余电压表达式如下:
Figure BDA0003309408190000051
其中:[A1]=[ua ub 0 0 0];[if]=[ifa ifb 0 0 0];
[Ls1]=[L M M M M];[Ls2]=[M L M M M];
对星型连接得电机有iaf+ibf+icf+idf+ief=0,即五相剩余电流之和为0。将短路电流看成电流源if1和if2,等效电路如附图1所示,可以看出故障后的各相剩余电压是相等的,将五相剩余电流之和为0带入式(5)可得到
Figure BDA0003309408190000052
对于五相永磁同步电机发生单相匝间短路故障的,其剩余电流分别为:
Figure BDA0003309408190000053
由式(6)和式(7)可知,剩余电流健康相之间是等幅值等相位的,故障相的剩余电流与健康相之间成一定的关系,单相发生匝间短路故障时,故障相的幅值是健康相的4倍,相位相差180°。两相发生匝间短路故障时,故障相与健康相之间的幅值关系不确定,但健康相之间仍是等幅值和等相位的,故可以以此来判定健康相,若两相剩余电流等幅值等相位,则两相都为健康相,否则该两相当中至少有一相是故障的。为了能对匝间短路故障进行检测与识别,区分是单相短路和多相短路并定位短路故障相,可以针对各相设置故障标志位,从而实现故障检测与故障相定位。
故障标志位的设置方法如下:利用快速傅里叶分解算法得到各相剩余电流的幅值与相位:iaf,amp、ibf,amp、icf,amp、idf,amp、ief,amp、iaf,phase、ibf,phase、icf,phase、idf,phase、ief,phase。以A相故障标志位为例,先比较A相幅值与其他相幅值的大小,若存在一相与A相的差值小于某个阈值k1,则再比较他们的相位差,若也小于一个阈值k2,则认为A相是健康的,否则为故障相,其中阈值k1和k2的选择由实际情况而定。同理可对B、C、D、E相进行故障标志的设置。由此实现匝间短路故障的检测、分类和故障相定位。

Claims (2)

1.一种多相永磁同步电机定子绕组匝间短路故障诊断方法,其特征在于,具体步骤为:
步骤1:采集永磁同步电机驱动系统的相电压和定子相电流;
步骤2:将采集的相电压代入多相永磁同步电机的电压方程,根据电机的数学模型预测相电流;
步骤3:根据采集的定子相电流与预测相电流的差值得到剩余电流,并计算剩余电流中基波的幅值和初始相位角;
步骤4:根据剩余电流中基波的幅值与初始相位角,比较两相之间的幅值与相位,若两相幅值与相位的差值在阈值以内,则两相为健康相,否则两相至少有一相为故障相。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多相永磁同步电机定子绕组匝间短路故障诊断方法,其特征在于,步骤2中永磁同步电机为五相永磁同步电机,五相永磁同步电机数学模型中相电压方程和预测相电流的表达式为:
Figure FDA0003309408180000011
式中:[vs h]为相电压,[is h]为相电流,eh是反电动势
Figure FDA0003309408180000012
为定子电压矩阵表达式,,
Figure FDA0003309408180000013
为定子电流矩阵表达式;
Figure FDA0003309408180000014
为五相绕组电阻和电感矩阵表达式,Vabcde分别是各相相电压;iabcde分别是各相相电流;Rs是相电阻;M是互感;L是自感;
Figure FDA0003309408180000021
为空载反电动势,其中ΨPM,abcde分别是各相磁链,θe是电机转子电角度。
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