CN113848060A - Device and measurement system for dynamically measuring oil film cavitation area of sliding bearing - Google Patents
Device and measurement system for dynamically measuring oil film cavitation area of sliding bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN113848060A CN113848060A CN202111137145.2A CN202111137145A CN113848060A CN 113848060 A CN113848060 A CN 113848060A CN 202111137145 A CN202111137145 A CN 202111137145A CN 113848060 A CN113848060 A CN 113848060A
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a system for dynamically measuring an oil film cavitation area of a sliding bearing, which are based on an ultrasonic method and utilize the principle that different media have different acoustic impedances to realize dynamic monitoring and image output of the oil film cavitation area; the device comprises a base, a rotor, an ultrasonic sensor, an oil supply system and a sensor adjusting part; the rotor can be fixedly arranged on the base in a relatively rotating mode, a cavity is arranged in the rotor, and the cavity is of a step-shaped hollow structure consisting of an extending part and a diameter expanding part; the oil supply system comprises a lubricating oil tank, a centrifugal pump and an extension shaft, and the ultrasonic sensor is fixed at the tail end of one end of the extension shaft extending into the rotor; the sensor adjusting part comprises a linear guide rail, a gear box, a hand wheel and a hand wheel shaft, the linear guide rail is fixedly arranged on the base, and the gear box is arranged on the linear guide rail.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sliding bearings and oil film cavitation test devices of the sliding bearings, in particular to a device and a system for dynamically measuring an oil film cavitation area of a sliding bearing.
Background
In large rotary machines, oil-lubricated sliding bearings are widely used because of their high bearing capacity, long service life, and convenient machining and maintenance. The lubricating oil generates cavitation phenomenon in the state of lower pressure of the bearing micro runner gap to form a fluid state with coexisting gas and liquid phases, and the microcosmic flow characteristic directly determines the macroscopic dynamic and static mechanical characteristics of the bearing and influences the running performance of equipment. In the actual operation of the rotary machine, the cavitation of the sliding bearing has certain predictability, so that the monitoring of the bearing area which is easy to generate the cavitation is particularly important.
Common sliding bearing cavitation test methods include vibration technology, visualization technology and ultrasonic technology. The vibration technology marks cavitation of the sliding bearing by analyzing a cavitation vibration rate spectrum of the sliding bearing at each rotating speed, but the cavitation area cannot be displayed in real time; the visualization technology enables parts of the sliding bearing to be made of transparent materials, and the high-speed CCD is used for carrying out transient image acquisition and post-processing, however, the method is extremely high in test conditions and hardware facility conditions and cannot be generally used in a laboratory environment.
The ultrasonic technology transmits ultrasonic signals through an ultrasonic sensor, and due to the fact that the acoustic impedance of air is extremely low, the ultrasonic waves are totally reflected on the interface between the bearing metal material and the air, the ultrasonic waves cannot effectively penetrate through an air medium to be transmitted, and whether cavitation occurs or not and the boundary of a cavitation area can be judged by means of the characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the current situation of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a system for dynamically measuring an oil film cavitation area of a sliding bearing, which are used for realizing dynamic monitoring and image output of the oil film cavitation area of the sliding bearing based on the acoustic impedance difference principle of ultrasonic waves in different media; compared with a high-speed photography method and a vibration method, the ultrasonic scheme adopted by the invention has the advantages of long-time and omnibearing monitoring, reduces the measurement cost of oil film cavitation of the sliding bearing in a test environment, and has certain superiority.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a device for dynamically measuring an oil film cavitation area of a sliding bearing is characterized by comprising a base, a rotor, an ultrasonic sensor, an oil supply system and a sensor adjusting part;
the rotor can be fixedly arranged on the base in a relatively rotating mode, a cavity is arranged in the rotor, and the cavity is of a step-shaped hollow structure consisting of an extending part and a diameter expanding part; the rotor can be fixedly arranged on the base in a relatively rotating mode through the first angular contact ball bearing and the second angular contact ball bearing, a sliding bearing is further arranged between the first angular contact ball bearing and the second angular contact ball bearing, the first angular contact ball bearing and the second angular contact ball bearing are symmetrically arranged relative to the sliding bearing, and the sliding bearing, the first angular contact ball bearing and the second angular contact ball bearing are fixedly arranged on the base through bolts.
The lubricating oil supply system comprises a lubricating oil tank, a centrifugal pump and an extending shaft, a channel penetrating through the extending shaft is arranged in the extending shaft, one end of the extending shaft extends into the inner cavity of the rotor, and lubricating oil stored in the lubricating oil tank is injected into the inner cavity of the rotor through the centrifugal pump and the inner channel of the extending shaft; the lubricating oil tank stores the same kind of lubricating oil as the oil film of the sliding bearing, and can ensure that the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic waves in the cavity of the rotor and in the gap between the bearing bush of the sliding bearing and the rotor are the same.
The ultrasonic sensor is fixed at the tail end of one end of the extending shaft extending into the rotor; specifically, the ultrasonic sensor is arranged at the tail end of the extending shaft in a bonding mode, and the signal transmitting direction and the signal collecting direction of the ultrasonic sensor are arranged in a radial direction relative to the axial direction of the extending shaft; the selected transmitting beam angle of the ultrasonic sensor is controlled within 10 degrees so as to adapt to the matching relation of the rotor and the extending shaft and reduce energy dissipation.
The ultrasonic sensor is characterized in that the sensor adjusting part comprises a linear guide rail with a caliper, a gear box, a hand wheel and a hand wheel shaft, the linear guide rail is fixedly arranged on a base, the gear box is arranged on the linear guide rail, specifically, a jaw is arranged at the bottom of the gear box and is fixed on the linear guide rail with the caliper, the ultrasonic sensor drives an extending shaft to move by means of the movement of the gear box on the guide rail, so that the axial dynamic position change is realized, and the detection position is adjusted according to the coordinate displayed by the caliper; the other end of the extending shaft is connected with a gear box, and the gear box moves along a linear guide rail to drive the extending shaft to move along the axial direction; the hand wheel is fixed at the end part of the hand wheel shaft, the other end part of the hand wheel shaft is connected with the gear box, and the rotating hand wheel can be linked through the gear box so as to drive the extending shaft to rotate; the hand wheel is attached with an angle mark, the angle when the ultrasonic sensor extends in is used as the circumferential initial position, and the monitoring angle is adjusted through the angle mark on the hand wheel.
Preferably, the end part of the base is further provided with a motor, and the motor is fixedly connected with the rotor through a coupler.
Preferably, the outer diameter of the protruding shaft is set to be 6mm smaller than the inner diameter of the protruding portion of the rotor inner cavity.
The ultrasonic sensor is connected with the signal acquisition card for subsequent signal analysis after being led out through a lead, a groove extending into the outer side of the shaft is formed in the surface of the extending shaft in order to avoid winding interference of the lead of the ultrasonic sensor and the rotor, and the lead of the ultrasonic sensor is led out of an inner cavity of the rotor through the groove extending into the outer side of the shaft; the gear box is characterized in that a key groove is further formed in the surface of the outer side of the stretching-in shaft and is fixedly connected with the gear box through a key.
The invention also discloses a measuring system for dynamically measuring the oil film cavitation area of the sliding bearing, which adopts the device for dynamically measuring the oil film cavitation area of the sliding bearing and comprises an ultrasonic signal transmitting part, an ultrasonic signal receiving part and an ultrasonic signal collecting part; the ultrasonic signal transmitting part comprises an ultrasonic generator, a built-in ultrasonic amplifier, a modulation switch and a piezoelectric ceramic array, wherein the ultrasonic generator transmits ultrasonic waves, and the ultrasonic waves are amplified by the ultrasonic amplifier, modulated by the switch and transmitted by the piezoelectric ceramic array; the ultrasonic signal receiving part transmits the received signals to the ultrasonic signal acquisition part for data processing and imaging; the ultrasonic signal acquisition part comprises a signal acquisition card and ultrasonic imaging software, the signal acquisition card performs analog-to-digital conversion, data caching and signal transmission on signals sent by the ultrasonic signal receiving part, and the processed signals are displayed in a visual mode through the ultrasonic imaging software.
The measuring system provided by the invention utilizes Matlab software to write a program and utilizes Labview to pack, establishes a reflection model of ultrasonic waves at the interfaces of the lubricating oil and the sliding bearing through the reflection and transmission characteristics of the ultrasonic waves at the interfaces formed by different impedance media, and realizes effective extraction of target emission signals when the reflection signals of the ultrasonic waves at each interface are overlapped. The received signals are processed by the wavelet theory, so that the signal-to-noise ratio is optimized, the accuracy of the measurement method in a cavitation area is improved, and the real-time image output of the cavitation area is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural top view of the device for dynamically measuring the oil film cavitation area of the sliding bearing;
FIG. 2 is a structural front view of the device for dynamically measuring the oil film cavitation area of the sliding bearing;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the rotor of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the shaft of the inventive device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a measuring system for dynamically measuring an oil film cavitation area of a sliding bearing according to the invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the actual effect of the measuring system for dynamically measuring the oil film cavitation area of the sliding bearing;
in the figure: 1. a motor; 2. a coupling; 3. a rotor; 4. a first angular contact ball bearing; 5. a sliding bearing; 6. a second angular contact ball bearing; 7. a linear guide rail; 8. an oil sump; 9. a gear case; 10. a hand wheel shaft; 11. a hand wheel; 12. extending into the shaft; 13. a centrifugal pump; 14. an inlet of a centrifugal pump; 15. an outlet of the lubricating oil tank; 16. a lubricating oil tank; 17. an ultrasonic sensor; 18. an outlet of the centrifugal pump; 19. a base; 20. extending into the groove at the outer side of the shaft; 21. a keyway.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-2, fig. 1 is a structural top view of the device for dynamically measuring the oil film cavitation area of the sliding bearing, and fig. 2 is a structural front view of the device for dynamically measuring the oil film cavitation area of the sliding bearing; with reference to fig. 1-2, the device for dynamically measuring the oil film cavitation area of the sliding bearing according to the present invention includes a base 19, a rotor 3 is disposed on the base 19, the rotor 3 is fixedly disposed on the base 19 through a first angular contact ball bearing 4 and a second angular contact ball bearing 6 in a relatively rotatable manner, a sliding bearing 5 is further disposed between the first angular contact ball bearing 4 and the second angular contact ball bearing 6, and the sliding bearing 5, the first angular contact ball bearing 4, and the second angular contact ball bearing 6 are all fixedly mounted on the base 19 through bolts.
A lubricating oil tank 16, a centrifugal pump 13, an extension shaft 12 and a linear guide rail 7 with a caliper are further arranged on the base 19, one end of the extension shaft 12 extends into the rotor 3, the other end of the extension shaft extends outwards and is connected with a gear box 9 fixed on the linear guide rail 7, and a jaw is installed at the bottom of the gear box 9 and is fixedly installed with the linear guide rail through the jaw; the gear box 9 moves along the linear guide rail 7 and drives the extending shaft to move along the axial direction, so that the axial dynamic position change of the extending shaft is realized. Stretch into and install ultrasonic sensor 17 on the end of the inside one end of shaft 12 stretching into rotor 3, ultrasonic sensor 17 installs at the end of shaft 12 of stretching into through bonding mode, and ultrasonic sensor signal emission direction is radial arrangement with the axial direction of collecting the direction for stretching into the shaft. The gear box 9 drives the extending shaft 12 to move, so that the monitoring position of the ultrasonic sensor 17 can be adjusted according to the coordinate displayed by the caliper.
Lubricating oil tank 16 is used for storing the lubricating oil with the same kind of oil film of slide bearing 5, and lubricating oil provides lubricating oil in the cavity of the rotor 3 inside of the end of stretching into for holding the axle 12 behind lubricating oil tank export 15, centrifugal pump entry 14, centrifugal pump 13, centrifugal pump outlet 18, and after the cavity of rotor 3 inside was filled to lubricating oil, the port department via the cavity of rotor 3 inside flows, and through being located the oil groove 8 collection on the base of port department below recycles. The lubricating oil in the rotor 3 and the oil film of the sliding bearing 5 are selected from the same category, so that the propagation characteristics of the ultrasonic wave in the cavity of the rotor 3 and the gap between the bearing bush of the sliding bearing 5 and the rotor 3 can be ensured to be the same.
A cavity is arranged in the rotor 3, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a rotor section view of the device of the present invention, as shown in the figure, the cavity is a ladder-shaped hollow structure composed of an extending part and an expanding part, one end of the extending part, which extends into the shaft 12, extends inwards into the rotor 3, and the expanding part is a cylindrical space with a diameter larger than that of the extending part; the outer diameter of the protruding shaft 12 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the protruding portion, and in this embodiment, the outer diameter of the protruding shaft 12 is set to be 6mm smaller than the inner diameter of the protruding portion of the inner cavity of the rotor 3, so that the protruding shaft 12 and the ultrasonic sensor 17 can smoothly protrude into the inner cavity of the rotor 3.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the shaft of the present invention, wherein the shaft 12 is provided with a passage extending through the shaft 12 for the lubricant from the centrifugal pump 13 to flow along the passage to the internal cavity of the rotor 3; stretch into 12 epaxial being provided with on the surface of axle and stretching into axle outside recess 20, just stretch into the outside of axle 12 and still be provided with keyway 21 on the surface, keyway 21 be used for with gear box 9 passes through key fixed connection. The ultrasonic sensor 17 in the device is connected with the signal acquisition card for subsequent signal analysis after being led out by a lead, and in order to avoid the winding interference of the lead of the ultrasonic sensor 17 and the rotor 3, the lead is led out by a shaft-extending outer side groove 20 on the surface of the shaft 12.
Preferably, the beam angle emitted by the ultrasonic sensor 17 is controlled within 10 degrees so as to adapt to the matching relationship between the rotor 3 and the extending shaft 12 in the invention, thereby effectively reducing the energy dissipation.
Referring to fig. 1, the device of the present invention further includes a hand wheel shaft 10 and a hand wheel 11, wherein the hand wheel 11 is fixed at an end of the hand wheel shaft 10, and the other end of the hand wheel shaft 10 is connected with a gear box 9, and is linked through the gear box 9 to drive the extending shaft 12 to rotate, so as to change a circumferential position of the ultrasonic sensor 17; an angle mark is attached to the hand wheel 11, the angle of the ultrasonic sensor 17 when the ultrasonic sensor extends into the hand wheel is used as a circumferential initial position, and the monitoring angle is adjusted through the angle mark on the hand wheel 11.
The end part of the base 19 is also provided with a motor 1, and the motor 1 is fixedly connected with the rotor 3 through a coupler 2, so that the rotor 3 is driven to rotate.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the system for dynamically measuring the oil film cavitation area of the sliding bearing, and as shown in the figure, the system for dynamically measuring the oil film cavitation area of the sliding bearing mainly comprises an ultrasonic signal transmitting part, an ultrasonic signal receiving part and an ultrasonic signal collecting part; the ultrasonic signal transmitting part comprises an ultrasonic generator, a built-in ultrasonic amplifier, a modulation switch and a piezoelectric ceramic array, wherein the ultrasonic generator transmits ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves are amplified by the ultrasonic amplifier and modulated by the switch, then the ultrasonic waves are transmitted by the piezoelectric ceramic array, and the ultrasonic signals are received by a receiving element; the ultrasonic signal receiving part transmits the received signal to the ultrasonic signal acquisition part for data processing and imaging; the ultrasonic signal acquisition part comprises a signal acquisition card and ultrasonic imaging software, the signal acquisition card performs analog-to-digital conversion, data caching and signal transmission on signals sent by the ultrasonic signal receiving part, and the processed signals are displayed in a visual mode through the ultrasonic imaging software.
As shown in fig. 6, which is a diagram of the actual effect of the system for dynamically measuring the cavitation area of the oil film of the sliding bearing, the invention programs ultrasonic imaging software, processes received signals by wavelet theory, optimizes signal-to-noise ratio, and improves the accuracy of the measuring method in the blind area; threshold value limitation is carried out on reflection coefficient amplitude fluctuation caused by noise, reliability in minimum value frequency acquisition is further improved, and accuracy of a cavitation area boundary is guaranteed; automatic judgment is realized in the film thickness distribution interval, the cavitation area can be automatically identified so as to run a targeted program, and whether cavitation occurs or not is displayed on a software output interface through a cavitation indicator.
The method for dynamically measuring the oil film cavitation area of the sliding bearing specifically comprises the following steps:
before the measurement, the shaft 12 and the ultrasonic sensor 17 are first inserted into the rotor 3 through the hollow channel to the appropriate position at the shaft journal, and the coordinate position of the gear box 9 on the linear guide 7 and the angle of the ultrasonic sensor 17 relative to the horizontal are recorded, and then the measurement is started:
1) opening the centrifugal pump 13 and adjusting the pumping flow of the lubricating oil; 2) when the lubricating oil flows out from the port of the hollow channel of the rotor 3, opening a signal acquisition card, an oscilloscope and a PC switch and switching on a power supply of the ultrasonic sensor 17 to adjust the frequency of the ultrasonic sensor to be optimal; 3) after the waveform of the oscilloscope is stable, a switch of the motor 1 is turned on to enable the rotor 3 to rotate; 4) starting ultrasonic imaging software and recording the cavitation occurrence condition of the initial position of the ultrasonic sensor 17; 5) moving the gear box 9 to monitor the cavitation condition of other axial parts at the shaft neck part; the hand wheel 11 is rotated to monitor the cavitation condition of other circumferential parts of the shaft neck; 6) and finally, the switch of the motor 1 and the switch of the centrifugal pump 13 are closed.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes in equivalent structure or equivalent flow, or direct or indirect application to other related fields without creative efforts based on the technical solutions of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A device for dynamically measuring an oil film cavitation area of a sliding bearing comprises a base, a rotor, an ultrasonic sensor, an oil supply system and a sensor adjusting part;
the rotor can be fixedly arranged on the base in a relatively rotating mode, a cavity is arranged in the rotor, and the cavity is of a step-shaped hollow structure consisting of an extending part and a diameter expanding part;
the lubricating oil supply system comprises a lubricating oil tank, a centrifugal pump and an extending shaft, a channel penetrating through the extending shaft is arranged in the extending shaft, one end of the extending shaft extends into the inner cavity of the rotor, and lubricating oil stored in the lubricating oil tank is injected into the inner cavity of the rotor through the centrifugal pump and the inner channel of the extending shaft;
the ultrasonic sensor is fixed at the tail end of one end of the extending shaft extending into the rotor;
the sensor adjusting part comprises a linear guide rail, a gear box, a hand wheel and a hand wheel shaft, the linear guide rail is fixedly arranged on the base, the gear box is arranged on the linear guide rail, the other end of the extending shaft is connected with the gear box, and the gear box moves along the linear guide rail to drive the extending shaft to move axially; the hand wheel is fixed at the end of the hand wheel shaft, the other end of the hand wheel shaft is connected with the gear box, and the hand wheel can be rotated to drive the extending shaft to rotate through linkage of the gear box.
2. The device of claim 1, further characterized in that the rotor is fixedly arranged on the base in a relatively rotatable manner through a first angular contact ball bearing and a second angular contact ball bearing, a sliding bearing is further arranged between the first angular contact ball bearing and the second angular contact ball bearing, and the sliding bearing and the first and second angular contact ball bearings are fixedly arranged on the base through bolts.
3. The device of claim 1, further characterized in that an angle mark is attached to the hand wheel, the angle of the ultrasonic sensor when the ultrasonic sensor is inserted is taken as a circumferential initial position, and the monitoring angle is adjusted through the angle mark on the hand wheel.
4. The device of claim 1, further characterized in that the end of the base is further provided with a motor, and the motor is fixedly connected with the rotor through a coupling.
5. The device of any of claims 1-4, further characterized in that the ultrasonic sensor is adhesively mounted on the distal end of the shaft, and the ultrasonic sensor signal emission direction and collection direction are arranged radially with respect to the axial direction of the shaft.
6. The device of claim 5, further characterized in that the linear guide is provided with a caliper for displaying coordinates to adjust the position monitored by the ultrasonic sensor.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, further characterized in that the outer diameter of the shaft is set to be 6mm smaller relative to the inner diameter of the rotor internal cavity.
8. The device of claim 6, further characterized in that the surface of the shaft is provided with a shaft-outside-extending groove, and the lead of the ultrasonic sensor is led out of the inner cavity of the rotor through the shaft-outside-extending groove; the gear box is characterized in that a key groove is further formed in the surface of the outer side of the stretching-in shaft and is fixedly connected with the gear box through a key.
9. The device of claim 1, further characterized in that the ultrasonic sensor transmit beam angle is controlled to within 10 °.
10. A measuring system for dynamically measuring an oil film cavitation region of a sliding bearing, which uses the device of any one of claims 1 to 9, and comprises an ultrasonic signal transmitting part, an ultrasonic signal receiving part and an ultrasonic signal collecting part; the ultrasonic signal transmitting part comprises an ultrasonic generator, a built-in ultrasonic amplifier, a modulation switch and a piezoelectric ceramic array, wherein the ultrasonic generator transmits ultrasonic waves, and the ultrasonic waves are amplified by the ultrasonic amplifier, modulated by the switch and transmitted by the piezoelectric ceramic array; the ultrasonic signal receiving part transmits the received signals to the ultrasonic signal acquisition part for data processing and imaging; the ultrasonic signal acquisition part comprises a signal acquisition card and ultrasonic imaging software, the signal acquisition card performs analog-to-digital conversion, data caching and signal transmission on signals sent by the ultrasonic signal receiving part, and the processed signals are displayed in a visual mode through the ultrasonic imaging software.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111137145.2A CN113848060A (en) | 2021-09-27 | 2021-09-27 | Device and measurement system for dynamically measuring oil film cavitation area of sliding bearing |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111137145.2A CN113848060A (en) | 2021-09-27 | 2021-09-27 | Device and measurement system for dynamically measuring oil film cavitation area of sliding bearing |
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