CN113846276B - High-strength high-speed steel containing Zr element and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength high-speed steel containing Zr element and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides high-strength high-speed steel containing Zr element and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-speed steel comprises the following elements: zr, C, mn, si, S, P, cr, ni, cu, V, mo, W, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurity elements. According to the high-strength high-speed steel containing Zr element, by adding the Zr element, the microstructure of the high-speed steel is easy to regulate, meanwhile, the Zr element is also a carbide forming element and can play a role in dehydrogenation and desulfurization, and on the other hand, the Zr can refine grains of the high-speed steel and improve cold processing and hot processing performances, so that the mechanical property of the high-speed steel can be improved by adding the Zr element, the corrosion resistance is improved, the high-strength high-speed steel can better adapt to the working environment, and the service life is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, in particular to high-strength high-speed steel containing Zr element and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of modern steel industry, higher requirements are put forward on the structural optimization and performance improvement of steel, and the quality of a roller is directly related to the production cost of rolled steel and the working efficiency of a rolling mill and influences the quality of rolled steel to a certain extent. Therefore, the development of a new roller material and a new roller manufacturing process have great significance in the aspects of improving the roller quality, prolonging the roller service life, improving the working efficiency of a rolling mill, reducing the steel rolling cost and the like. The high-speed steel material can be produced under the background, and has a plurality of advantages compared with the prior roller material: such as good wear resistance, good thermal stability, good obdurability, etc. However, there is still room for further improvement in the properties of high-speed steel materials. The main defects of the performance of the high-vanadium high-speed steel roller commonly used at present are as follows: the high vanadium content is easy to cause the size increase of carbide, and has bad influence on the toughness and the thermal fatigue performance of the high-speed steel roller; too high a carbon content, the appearance of a network M 3 The C-type carbide has non-uniform carbide, increased roll brittleness, poor thermal fatigue properties, and easily induced casting cracks.
Based on the defects of the current high-speed steel, improvement on the defects is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a high-strength high-speed steel containing Zr element and a method for preparing the same, so as to solve or partially solve the technical problems in the prior art.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a high-strength high-speed steel containing Zr element, which comprises the following elements by mass percent: 0.2 to 1 percent of Zr, 0.80 to 0.90 percent of C, 0.15 to 0.40 percent of Mn, 0.20 to 0.45 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of P, 3.80 to 4.40 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, 1.75 to 2.20 percent of V, 4.50 to 5.50 percent of Mo, 5.50 to 6.75 percent of W, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurity elements.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a high-strength high-speed steel containing Zr, comprising the steps of:
mixing zirconium and high-speed steel to obtain a mixture;
smelting the mixture to obtain an as-cast alloy;
annealing the as-cast alloy to obtain high-strength high-speed steel containing Zr element;
wherein, the mass of the zirconium element is 0.2 to 1 percent of the mass of the mixture.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the high-strength high-speed steel containing the Zr element, the mixture is placed in a vacuum arc furnace to be smelted to obtain an as-cast alloy.
Preferably, in the method for producing high-strength high-speed steel containing Zr, the melting current is 240 to 300A/S.
Preferably, the method for preparing high-strength high-speed steel containing Zr further comprises vacuumizing the vacuum arc furnace to 3.0-3.5 x 10 before smelting -3 Pa, then introducing argon gas of 0.03-0.05 MPa.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the high-strength high-speed steel containing the Zr element, the smelting times are 5-7 times, and each smelting time is 4-5 min.
Preferably, in the method for preparing the high-strength high-speed steel containing the Zr element, the annealing treatment of the as-cast alloy is specifically: putting the smelted as-cast alloy into a vacuum tube furnace, and vacuumizing to 1-3 multiplied by 10 -1 Pa, introducing argon, heating to 800-900 ℃ with the furnace at a speed of 4-6 ℃/min, then preserving heat for 6-10 h, then cooling to 700-750 ℃ with the furnace, preserving heat for 3-8 h, and finally cooling to below 400 ℃ with the furnace for air cooling.
Compared with the prior art, the high-strength high-speed steel containing Zr element and the preparation method thereof have the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the high-strength high-speed steel containing the Zr element, the Zr element is added, the microstructure of the high-speed steel is easy to regulate, the Zr element is also a carbide forming element and can play a role in dehydrogenation and desulfurization, and on the other hand, the Zr can be used for refining grains of the high-speed steel and improving cold processing and hot processing performances, so that the mechanical property of the high-speed steel can be improved and the corrosion resistance can be improved due to the addition of the Zr element, the high-strength high-speed steel can be better adapted to a working environment and the service life can be prolonged;
(2) The Zr-containing high-strength high-speed steel strictly controls the content of various elements, and improves the corrosion resistance and the obdurability of the high-speed steel through alloying; in the invention, zr can refine austenite grains of the steel and form Zr carbide with carbon, thereby improving the hardness and mechanical property of the high-speed steel, and meanwhile, the Zr element can improve the structural property of a passive film of the alloy in a corrosive medium, improve intergranular corrosion resistance and obviously improve the corrosion resistance of the high-speed steel.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the compressive stress strain of high-speed steels prepared in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention and comparative example 1;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure diagram of high-speed steels prepared in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention and comparative example 1;
FIG. 3 is an XRD pattern of the high speed steel prepared in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention and comparative example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing polarization curves of high-speed steels prepared in examples 2 to 3 of the present invention and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
In the following, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the application provides high-strength high-speed steel containing Zr element, which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.2 to 1 percent of Zr, 0.80 to 0.90 percent of C, 0.15 to 0.40 percent of Mn, 0.20 to 0.45 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of P, 3.80 to 4.40 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, 1.75 to 2.20 percent of V, 4.50 to 5.50 percent of Mo, 5.50 to 6.75 percent of W, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurity elements.
In the examples of the present application, zirconium (Zr), which is a high melting point metal, is one of carbide forming elements, can effectively deoxidize and denitrify steel during steel making, can perform dehydrogenation and desulfurization, and is superior to vanadium in improving low temperature brittleness of steel, and sulfide formed by Zr and sulfur can effectively prevent hot brittleness of steel and reduce cracking tendency. By adding Zr element, the microstructure of the high-speed steel is easy to regulate and control, and the Zr element is also a carbide forming element and can play a role in dehydrogenation and desulfurization. On the other hand, zr can refine grains of the high-speed steel and improve cold processing and hot processing performances, so that the mechanical property of the high-speed steel can be improved and the corrosion resistance can be improved by adding Zr, the high-speed steel can better adapt to the working environment and the service life can be prolonged; the invention strictly controls the content of various elements, and improves the corrosion resistance and the obdurability of the high-speed steel through alloying; in the invention, zr can refine austenite grains of the steel and form Zr carbide with carbon, thereby improving the hardness and mechanical property of the high-speed steel, and meanwhile, the Zr element can improve the structural property of a passive film of the alloy in a corrosive medium, improve intergranular corrosion resistance and obviously improve the corrosion resistance of the high-speed steel;
based on the same inventive concept, the application also provides a preparation method of the high-strength high-speed steel containing the Zr element, which comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing zirconium and high-speed steel to obtain a mixture;
s2, smelting the mixture to obtain an as-cast alloy;
s3, annealing the as-cast alloy to obtain high-strength high-speed steel containing Zr element;
wherein, the mass of the zirconium element is 0.2 to 1 percent of the mass of the mixture.
Specifically, the high-speed steel used in the application adopts the existing commercial high-speed steel, and the specific types are as follows: m2 type high speed steel. The technical means of the invention has better applicability, thus not limiting manufacturers of the high-speed steel. The mass percentages of all elements in the mixture obtained by mixing zirconium and M2 type high-speed steel are as follows: 0.2 to 1 percent of Zr, 0.80 to 0.90 percent of C, 0.15 to 0.40 percent of Mn, 0.20 to 0.45 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of P, 3.80 to 4.40 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, 1.75 to 2.20 percent of V, 4.50 to 5.50 percent of Mo, 5.50 to 6.75 percent of W, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurity elements. It is understood that, among the above elements, the remaining elements except Zr are elements of M2 type high speed steel. Wherein Ni, cu and S, P are residual elements. These residual elements are derived from steel-making raw materials in the steel-making process and are difficult to oxidize to remove the residual elements finally remaining in the steel, and Ni, cu and the like are typical residual elements, and are contained in a small amount in the steel and have little influence on the properties of the steel. The Zr element has the main functions of strong deoxidation and denitrification elements in the high-speed steel, has the functions of dehydrogenation and desulfurization, is one of the forming elements of carbide, can play a role in refining austenite grains in the steel, can improve the hardenability in the steel by the Zr element dissolved in the austenite, can reduce the strain aging tendency and the temper brittleness of the steel in the aspect of the mechanical property of the high-speed steel, has obvious effect on improving the low-temperature brittleness, and can obviously improve the cutting life of the high-speed steel at the same time.
In some embodiments, the mixture is placed in a vacuum arc furnace for melting to obtain an as-cast alloy.
In some embodiments, the melting current is 240 to 300A/S.
In some embodiments, before melting, the method further comprises vacuumizing the vacuum arc furnace to 3.0-3.5 × 10 -3 Pa, then introducing argon gas of 0.03-0.05 MPa.
In some embodiments, the number of smeltings is 5-7 times, and each smelting time is 4-5 min.
In the embodiment of the application, the mixture is placed in a vacuum electric arc furnace for smelting to obtain a smelting solution; and then cooling to obtain a casting blank, turning over the casting blank, then smelting again to obtain a smelting solution, cooling the smelting solution again to obtain the casting blank, repeating the process for more than 5-10 times to ensure that the obtained as-cast blank has uniform components.
In some embodiments, annealing the as-cast alloy is specifically: putting the smelted as-cast alloy into a vacuum tube furnace, and vacuumizing to 1-3 multiplied by 10 -1 Pa, introducing argon, heating to 800-900 ℃ with the furnace at a speed of 4-6 ℃/min, then preserving heat for 6-10 h, then cooling to 700-750 ℃ with the furnace, preserving heat for 3-8 h, and finally cooling to below 400 ℃ with the furnace for air cooling.
According to the preparation method of the high-strength high-speed steel containing the Zr element, trace Zr element is added on the premise of not influencing the mechanical property of the high-speed steel, so that the novel high-speed steel with improved strength and corrosion resistance is obtained, and the prepared Zr-containing high-speed steel series alloy has high strength, good plasticity and improved hardness and corrosion resistance.
The method for producing the high-strength high-speed steel containing Zr element according to the present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment of the application provides a preparation method of high-strength high-speed steel containing Zr element, which comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively soaking zirconium sponge and M2 type high-speed steel in absolute ethyl alcohol, and mixing to obtain a mixture after ultrasonic cleaning;
s2, placing the mixture in a WK-II type non-consumable vacuum electric arc melting furnace, and vacuumizing to 3 multiplied by 10 -3 Pa；Introducing argon of 0.04Mpa into the vacuum arc melting furnace, and then melting to obtain an as-cast alloy; wherein the smelting frequency is 5 times, each smelting time is 5min, and the smelting current is 240A/S;
s3, placing the as-cast alloy in a vacuum tube furnace, and vacuumizing to 1 multiplied by 10 -1 Pa, introducing argon as protective gas, heating to 880 ℃ with the furnace at the speed of 6 ℃/min, then preserving heat for 8 hours, then cooling to 720 ℃ with the furnace, preserving heat for 5 hours, and finally cooling to below 400 ℃ with the furnace for air cooling treatment to obtain the high-strength high-speed steel containing Zr element.
The mass percentages of all elements in the mixture are as follows: 0.2 percent of Zr, 0.80 to 0.90 percent of C, 0.15 to 0.40 percent of Mn, 0.20 to 0.45 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of P, 3.80 to 4.40 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, 1.75 to 2.20 percent of V, 4.50 to 5.50 percent of Mo, 5.50 to 6.75 percent of W, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurity elements.
Example 2
The preparation method of the high-strength high-speed steel containing the Zr element provided by the embodiment of the application is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and is different from the following steps in percentage by mass of each element in the mixture: 0.4% of Zr, 0.80-0.90% of C, 0.15-0.40% of Mn, 0.20-0.45% of Si, less than or equal to 0.030% of S, less than or equal to 0.030% of P, 3.80-4.40% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.30% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.25% of Cu, 1.75-2.20% of V, 4.50-5.50% of Mo, 5.50-6.75% of W, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements, and the rest of the processes are the same as those in example 1.
Example 3
The preparation method of the high-strength high-speed steel containing the Zr element provided by the embodiment of the application is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and is different from the following steps in percentage by mass of each element in the mixture: 0.6% of Zr, 0.80-0.90% of C, 0.15-0.40% of Mn, 0.20-0.45% of Si, less than or equal to 0.030% of S, less than or equal to 0.030% of P, 3.80-4.40% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.30% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.25% of Cu, 1.75-2.20% of V, 4.50-5.50% of Mo, 5.50-6.75% of W, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements, and the rest of the processes are the same as those in example 1.
Example 4
The preparation method of the high-strength high-speed steel containing the Zr element provided by the embodiment of the application is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and is different from the following steps in percentage by mass of each element in the mixture: 0.8% of Zr, 0.80-0.90% of C, 0.15-0.40% of Mn, 0.20-0.45% of Si, less than or equal to 0.030% of S, less than or equal to 0.030% of P, 3.80-4.40% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.30% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.25% of Cu, 1.75-2.20% of V, 4.50-5.50% of Mo, 5.50-6.75% of W, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurity elements, and the rest of the processes are the same as those in example 1.
Example 5
The preparation method of the high-strength high-speed steel containing the Zr element provided by the embodiment of the application is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and is different from the following steps in percentage by mass of each element in the mixture: 1 percent of Zr, 0.80 to 0.90 percent of C, 0.15 to 0.40 percent of Mn, 0.20 to 0.45 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of P, 3.80 to 4.40 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, 1.75 to 2.20 percent of V, 4.50 to 5.50 percent of Mo, 5.50 to 6.75 percent of W, the balance of iron and inevitable impurity elements, and the rest of the processes are the same as the process of the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the high-speed steel provided by the comparative example is the same as that of example 1, except that no sponge zirconium is added in the preparation process, only the M2 type high-speed steel is added, and the mass percentages of the elements in the M2 type high-speed steel are as follows: 0.80 to 0.90 percent of C, 0.15 to 0.40 percent of Mn, 0.20 to 0.45 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of P, 3.80 to 4.40 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, 1.75 to 2.20 percent of V, 4.50 to 5.50 percent of Mo, 5.50 to 6.75 percent of W, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurity elements, and the rest of the processes are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
Performance test
The high-speed steels prepared in examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1 were cut using a wire electric discharge machine (fast moving wire DK 7745) to obtain a steel sheet having a size of
The cylinder is ground flat by sand paper and polished to have no scratch, and a compression test is carried out to obtain the high-speed steel compressive stress strainThe results are shown in FIG. 1.
In FIG. 1, 0Zr represents the high speed steel prepared in comparative example 1, and 0.2Zr, 0.4Zr, 0.6Zr, 0.8Zr and 1Zr represent the high speed steels prepared in examples 1 to 5, respectively.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the stress of the high speed steel of examples 1 to 5 to which Zr element was added was increased under the same strain, and the mechanical properties were better than those of the high speed steel of comparative example.
FIG. 2 is a metallographic graph showing the metallographic structure of high-speed steels prepared in examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1. Wherein (a) represents the high-speed steel prepared in comparative example 1, (b) represents the high-speed steel prepared in example 1, (c) represents the high-speed steel prepared in example 2, (d) represents the high-speed steel prepared in example 3, (e) represents the high-speed steel prepared in example 4, and (f) represents the high-speed steel prepared in example 5.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, when Zr element is not added, the carbides in the sample are in a fine and uniform distribution state, the sizes of the carbides are very small, and the structure is in accordance with the structure after the homogenization treatment of the high-speed steel. With the addition of the Zr element, the crystal grains of the high-speed steel are refined, and spherical carbides precipitated in the crystal grains appear. When the addition amount of Zr is 0.2%, a uniform globular pearlite structure appears, and the carbide distribution in the alloy is also changed, and large-size carbide distribution can be seen at the grain boundary of the sample. When Zr element is added to 0.4%, the structure of the high-speed steel is further refined, and precipitated carbide is more dispersed and evenly distributed in crystal grains compared with alloy with 0.2% of addition amount. The sample with the Zr element content of 0.6% has the advantages that the number of the precipitated carbides is increased, the carbide distribution is more uniform, the carbide size is still large, and meanwhile, the crystal grains are further refined. When the Zr content reaches 0.8%, large-size carbides at grain boundaries cannot be seen in a metallographic photograph, and the carbides are dispersed in the grains. The large-size carbide of the sample with 1% of Zr addition has completely disappeared and is uniformly distributed in the crystal grains. As Zr element was added, the microstructure of the high speed steel was significantly refined and was most significant at the Zr addition level of 0.6%, but the refining effect was found to be substantially disappeared in the samples of 0.8% and 1% Zr and substantially completely disappeared at 1% Zr. The addition of Zr also influences the carbide form in the high-speed steel structure, a uniform spherical pearlite structure appears when the addition amount of Zr is 0.2%, meanwhile, the form of MC type carbide in the alloy is also changed, and along with the increase of Zr content, the carbide is enriched from the original grain boundary and is changed into uniform distribution in the alloy.
Fig. 3 is an XRD spectrum of the high speed steel prepared in examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1. Wherein 0Zr represents the high-speed steel prepared in comparative example 1, and 0.2Zr, 0.4Zr, 0.6Zr, 0.8Zr and 1Zr represent the high-speed steels prepared in examples 1 to 5, respectively.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, as the content of zirconium element increases, M 6 The peaks of C-type carbide and MC-type carbide are prominent, the types and the number of carbides in the high-speed steel alloy are obviously improved, and the improvement of the performance of the high-speed steel alloy is facilitated.
The high-speed steels prepared in examples 2 to 3 and comparative example 1 were tested for polarization curves. The specific test method comprises the following steps: the test was carried out using an electrochemical workstation model CHI660E from Shanghai Chenghua, with a scanning rate of 1mV/s and a scanning voltage of-1.5 to 2.5V, using a three-electrode test system with an electrolyte of 3.5% NaCl by mass concentration, a reference electrode of silver chloride and a counter electrode of platinum gauze. The test results are shown in fig. 4. In fig. 4, 0Zr represents the high speed steel prepared in comparative example 1, 0.4Zr represents the high speed steel prepared in example 2, and 0.6Zr represents the high speed steel prepared in example 3.
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the corrosion resistance of the high-speed steel alloy without Zr addition is not as good as that of the high-speed steel alloy with Zr addition, the corrosion potential is lower, the corrosion potential of the high-speed steel alloy with Zr addition is improved, and the pitting corrosion resistance of the high-speed steel alloy is improved along with the gradual increase of Zr content.
Examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1 were tested for mechanical properties of the high speed steels prepared, and the results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 mechanical Properties of the high speed steels obtained in the different examples
| Yield strength (MPa) | Ultimate compressive strength (MPa) | Hardness (HV) | |
| Comparative example 1 | 776 | 1405 | 1086 |
| Example 1 | 864 | 1492 | 1149 |
| Example 2 | 925 | 1621 | 1509 |
| Example 3 | 930 | 1559 | 1375 |
| Example 4 | 812 | 1527 | 1188 |
| Example 5 | 728 | 1531 | 1177 |
As can be seen from table 1, the yield strength and the ultimate compressive strength of the high-speed steels prepared in examples 1 to 5 of the invention are higher than those of comparative example 1, and exhibit more excellent toughness; meanwhile, the hardness of the high-speed steels prepared in examples 1 to 5 is improved to a different degree than that of comparative example 1. Therefore, according to the experimental results in table 1 and by combining the metallographic structure diagram and the polarization curve of each example, it can be obtained that the strength and the corrosion resistance of the Zr-containing high-speed steel provided by the invention are remarkably improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of high-strength high-speed steel containing Zr element is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing zirconium and high-speed steel to obtain a mixture;
smelting the mixture to obtain an as-cast alloy;
annealing the as-cast alloy to obtain high-strength high-speed steel containing Zr element;
the mass percentages of all elements in the mixture are as follows: zr 0.4 to 0.8%, C0.80E
0.90 percent of Mn, 0.15 to 0.40 percent of Mn, 0.20 to 0.45 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of P, 3.80 to 4.40 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, 1.75 to 2.20 percent of V, 4.50 to 5.50 percent of Mo, 5.50 to 6.75 percent of W, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurity elements;
placing the mixture in a vacuum arc furnace for smelting to obtain an as-cast alloy;
the smelting current is 240-300A/s;
before smelting, the vacuum arc furnace is vacuumized to 3.0-3.5 multiplied by 10 -3 Pa, then 0.03E to E
0.05MPa of argon;
the smelting times are 5-7 times, and each smelting time is 4-5 min;
the annealing treatment of the as-cast alloy comprises the following specific steps: putting the smelted as-cast alloy into a vacuum tube furnace, and vacuumizing to 1-3 multiplied by 10 -1 Pa, introducing argon, heating to 800-900 ℃ with the furnace at a speed of 4-6 ℃/min, then preserving heat for 6-10 h, then cooling to 700-750 ℃ with the furnace, preserving heat for 3-8 h, and finally cooling to below 400 ℃ with the furnace for air cooling.
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